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Pizzato HA, Alonso-Guallart P, Woods J, Johannesson B, Connelly JP, Fehniger TA, Atkinson JP, Pruett-Miller SM, Monsma FJ, Bhattacharya D. Engineering Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines to Evade Xenogeneic Transplantation Barriers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546594. [PMID: 37425790 PMCID: PMC10326974 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cells and tissues for therapeutic transplantation must necessarily overcome immunological rejection by the recipient. To define these barriers and to create cells capable of evading rejection for preclinical testing in immunocompetent mouse models, we genetically ablated β2m, Tap1, Ciita, Cd74, Mica, and Micb to limit expression of HLA-I, HLA-II, and natural killer cell activating ligands in hPSCs. Though these and even unedited hPSCs readily formed teratomas in cord blood-humanized immunodeficient mice, grafts were rapidly rejected by immunocompetent wild-type mice. Transplantation of these cells that also expressed covalent single chain trimers of Qa1 and H2-Kb to inhibit natural killer cells and CD55, Crry, and CD59 to inhibit complement deposition led to persistent teratomas in wild-type mice. Expression of additional inhibitory factors such as CD24, CD47, and/or PD-L1 had no discernible impact on teratoma growth or persistence. Transplantation of HLA-deficient hPSCs into mice genetically deficient in complement and depleted of natural killer cells also led to persistent teratomas. Thus, T cell, NK cell, and complement evasion are necessary to prevent immunological rejection of hPSCs and their progeny. These cells and versions expressing human orthologs of immune evasion factors can be used to refine tissue- and cell type-specific immune barriers, and to conduct preclinical testing in immunocompetent mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Pizzato
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - James Woods
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jon P. Connelly
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Todd A. Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P. Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shondra M. Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Wang C, Liu J, Li W. 'Off the shelf' immunotherapies: Generation and application of pluripotent stem cell-derived immune cells. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13425. [PMID: 36855955 PMCID: PMC10068955 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, great strides have been made toward the development of immune cell-based therapies in the treatment of refractory malignancies. Primary T cells and NK cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors have achieved tremendous clinical success especially in patients with leukaemia and lymphoma. However, the autologous origin of these effector cells means that a single batch of laboriously engineered cells treats only a certain patient, leading to high cost, ununiform product quality, and risk of delay in treatment, and therefore results in restricted accessibility of these therapies to the overwhelming majority of the patients. Addressing these tricky obstacles calls for the development of universal immune cell products that can be provided 'off the shelf' in a large amount. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), owing to their unique capacity of self-renewal and the potential of multi-lineage differentiation, offer an unlimited cell source to generate uniform and scalable engineered immune cells. This review discusses the major advances in the development of PSC-derived immune cell differentiation approaches and their therapeutic potential in treating both hematologic malignancies and solid tumours. We also consider the potency of PSC-derived immune cells as an alternative therapeutic strategy for other diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, infections, et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Bejing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Bejing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Bejing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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3
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Oliveira NA, Sevim H. Dendritic cell differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells: challenges and progress. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:207-220. [PMID: 35316109 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major antigen-presenting cells of the immune system responsible for initiating and coordinating immune responses. These abilities provide potential for several clinical applications, such as the development of immunogenic vaccines. However, difficulty in obtaining DCs from conventional sources, such as bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PBMC), and cord blood (CB), is a significantly hinders routine application. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a valuable alternative for generating sufficient numbers of DCs to be used in basic and pre-clinical studies. Despite the many challenges that must be overcome to achieve an efficient protocol for obtaining the major DC types from hiPSCs, recent progress has been made. Here we review the current state of developing DCs from hiPSCs, as well as the key elements required to enable the routine use of hiPSC-derived DCs in pre-clinical and clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelio Aj Oliveira
- Jackson Laboratory - Farmington, 481263, Cell Engineering , Farmington, Connecticut, United States, 06032-2374;
| | - Handan Sevim
- Hacettepe Universitesi, 37515, Faculty of Science Department of Biology, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey;
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Root SH, Aguila HL. Novel population of human monocyte and osteoclast progenitors from pluripotent stem cells and peripheral blood. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4435-4446. [PMID: 34581760 PMCID: PMC8579260 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinuclear cells of monocytic lineage, with the ability to resorb bone. Studies in mouse have identified bone marrow clonal progenitors able to generate mature osteoclast cells (OCs) in vitro and in vivo. These osteoclast progenitors (OCPs) can also generate macrophages and dendritic cells. Interestingly, cells with equivalent potential can be detected in periphery. In humans, cells with OCP activity have been identified in bone marrow and periphery; however, their characterization has not been as extensive. We have developed reproducible methods to derive, from human pluripotent stem cells, a population containing monocyte progenitors able to generate functional OCs. Within this population, we have identified cells with monocyte and osteoclast progenitor activity based on CD11b and CD14 expression. A population double positive for CD11b and CD14 contains cells with expected osteoclastic potential. However, the double negative (DN) population, containing most of the hematopoietic progenitor activity, also presents a very high osteoclastic potential. These progenitor cells can also be differentiated to macrophage and dendritic cells. Further dissection within the DN population identified cells bearing the phenotype CD15-CD115+ as the population with highest monocytic progenitor and osteoclastic potential. When similar methodology was used to identify OCPs from human peripheral blood, we confirmed a published OCP population with the phenotype CD11b+CD14+. In addition, we identified a second population (CD14-CD11bloCD115+) with high monocytic progenitor activity that was also able to form osteoclast like cells, similar to the 2 populations identified from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra H. Root
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Héctor L. Aguila
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
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Magnani JS, Montazami R, Hashemi NN. Recent Advances in Microfluidically Spun Microfibers for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:185-205. [PMID: 33940929 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-090420-101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the unique and tunable properties of microfluidically spun microfibers have led to tremendous advancements for the field of biomedical engineering, which have been applied to areas such as tissue engineering, wound dressing, and drug delivery, as well as cell encapsulation and cell seeding. In this article, we analyze the most recent advances in microfluidics and microfluidically spun microfibers, with an emphasis on biomedical applications. We explore in detail these new and innovative experiments, how microfibers are made, the experimental purpose of making microfibers, and the future work that can be done as a result of these new types of microfibers. We also focus on the applications of various materials used to fabricate microfibers, as well as their many promises and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Scott Magnani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA;
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA;
| | - Nicole N Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Oba T, Makino K, Kajihara R, Yokoi T, Araki R, Abe M, Minderman H, Chang AE, Odunsi K, Ito F. In situ delivery of iPSC-derived dendritic cells with local radiotherapy generates systemic antitumor immunity and potentiates PD-L1 blockade in preclinical poorly immunogenic tumor models. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002432. [PMID: 34049930 PMCID: PMC8166607 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are a promising therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy given their ability to prime antigen-specific T cells, and initiate antitumor immune response. A major obstacle for DC-based immunotherapy is the difficulty to obtain a sufficient number of functional DCs. Theoretically, this limitation can be overcome by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, therapeutic strategies to engage iPSC-derived DCs (iPSC-DCs) into cancer immunotherapy remain to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence showing that induction of tumor-residing DCs enhances immunomodulatory effect of radiotherapy (RT) prompted us to investigate antitumor efficacy of combining intratumoral administration of iPSC-DCs with local RT. METHODS Mouse iPSCs were differentiated to iPSC-DCs on OP9 stromal cells expressing the notch ligand delta-like 1 in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Phenotype and the capacities of iPSC-DCs to traffic tumor-draining lymph nodes (TdLNs) and prime antigen-specific T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and imaging flow cytometry. Antitumor efficacy of intratumoral injection of iPSC-DCs and RT was tested in syngeneic orthotopic mouse tumor models resistant to anti-PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy. RESULTS Mouse iPSC-DCs phenotypically resembled conventional type 2 DCs, and had a capacity to promote activation, proliferation and effector differentiation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the presence of the cognate antigen in vitro. Combination of in situ administration of iPSC-DCs and RT facilitated the priming of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, and synergistically delayed the growth of not only the treated tumor but also the distant non-irradiated tumors. Mechanistically, RT enhanced trafficking of intratumorally injected iPSC-DCs to the TdLN, upregulated CD40 expression, and increased the frequency of DC/CD8+ T cell aggregates. Phenotypic analysis of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and myeloid cells revealed an increase of stem-like Slamf6+ TIM3- CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages and DCs. Consequently, combined therapy rendered poorly immunogenic tumors responsive to anti-PD-L1 therapy along with the development of tumor-specific immunological memory. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate the translational potential of iPSC-DCs, and identify the therapeutic efficacy of a combinatorial platform to engage them for overcoming resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy in poorly immunogenic tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/immunology
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/transplantation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phenotype
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/therapy
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Oba
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenichi Makino
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kajihara
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Toshihiro Yokoi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ryoko Araki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masumi Abe
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow & Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alfred E Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, Nuew York, USA
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Joshi K, Cameron F, Tiwari S, Mannering SI, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG. Modeling Type 1 Diabetes Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:635662. [PMID: 33868170 PMCID: PMC8047192 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.635662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is increasingly being used to create in vitro models of monogenic human disorders. This is possible because, by and large, the phenotypic consequences of such genetic variants are often confined to a specific and known cell type, and the genetic variants themselves can be clearly identified and controlled for using a standardized genetic background. In contrast, complex conditions such as autoimmune Type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a polygenic inheritance and are subject to diverse environmental influences. Moreover, the potential cell types thought to contribute to disease progression are many and varied. Furthermore, as HLA matching is critical for cell-cell interactions in disease pathogenesis, any model that seeks to test the involvement of particular cell types must take this restriction into account. As such, creation of an in vitro model of T1D will require a system that is cognizant of genetic background and enables the interaction of cells representing multiple lineages to be examined in the context of the relevant environmental disease triggers. In addition, as many of the lineages critical to the development of T1D cannot be easily generated from iPSCs, such models will likely require combinations of cell types derived from in vitro and in vivo sources. In this review we imagine what an ideal in vitro model of T1D might look like and discuss how the required elements could be feasibly assembled using existing technologies. We also examine recent advances towards this goal and discuss potential uses of this technology in contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this autoimmune condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Joshi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- Department of Cell Biology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Fergus Cameron
- Department of Cell Biology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Stuart I. Mannering
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Department of Cell Biology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
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Ackermann M, Dragon AC, Lachmann N. The Immune-Modulatory Properties of iPSC-Derived Antigen-Presenting Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2021; 47:444-453. [PMID: 33442339 DOI: 10.1159/000512721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, are important regulators of the immune system, as they connect the innate and adaptive immunity by critically regulating T-cell responses. Thus, APCs are involved in both tissue homeostasis and tolerance, but also coordinate immune responses in case of infection and inflammation. Primary APCs are commonly generated from peripheral blood-derived monocytes and have been used as cell therapeutics in several (pre-)clinical settings, e.g., immune oncology, however, with varying efficiency. One promising alternative to study antigen presentation in vitro and to develop novel cell-based therapies are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). IPSCs can nowadays be generated from a variety of different cell types using several refined reprogramming techniques. Given their unlimited proliferation and differentiation potential, they hold great promise for regenerative medicine, and recently, first iPSC derivatives have found their way into first clinical studies for cell-based therapies. In this review article, we will give a brief overview of current methods for the generation and applications of primary APCs, but also specifically focus on different strategies for the generation of defined subsets of DCs and macrophages from human PSCs. Moreover, we will highlight the potential but also hurdles for the clinical translation of iPSC-derived APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, RG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Christina Dragon
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, RG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Tsuji H, Otsuka R, Wada H, Murata T, Sasaki A, Itoh M, Baghdadi M, Sasaki E, Seino KI. Induction of macrophage-like immunosuppressive cells from common marmoset ES cells by stepwise differentiation with DZNep. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12625. [PMID: 32724084 PMCID: PMC7387549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in regenerative medicine has enabled the utilization of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as the resource of therapeutic cells/tissue. However, immune suppression is still needed when the donor-recipient combination is allogeneic. We have reported previously that mouse PSCs-derived immunosuppressive cells contribute to prolonged survival of grafts derived from the same mouse PSCs in allogeneic recipients. For its clinical application, a preclinical study using non-human primates such as common marmoset must be performed. In this study, we established the induction protocol of immunosuppressive cells from common marmoset ES cells. Although similar immunosuppressive macrophages could not be induced by same protocol as that for mouse PSCs, we employed an inhibitor for histone methyltransferase, DZNep, and succeeded to induce them. The DZNep-treated macrophage-like cells expressed several immunosuppressive molecules and significantly inhibited allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. The immunosuppressive cells from non-human primate ESCs will help to establish an immunoregulating strategy in regenerative medicine using PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuma Tsuji
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ryo Otsuka
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Tomoki Murata
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Airi Sasaki
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Mizuho Itoh
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Muhammad Baghdadi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 21-0821, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
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10
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Brok-Volchanskaya VS, Bennin DA, Suknuntha K, Klemm LC, Huttenlocher A, Slukvin I. Effective and Rapid Generation of Functional Neutrophils from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using ETV2-Modified mRNA. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:1099-1110. [PMID: 31708474 PMCID: PMC6915846 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can serve as a versatile and scalable source of neutrophils for biomedical research and transfusion therapies. Here we describe a rapid efficient serum- and xenogen-free protocol for neutrophil generation, which is based on direct hematoendothelial programming of hiPSCs using ETV2-modified mRNA. Culture of ETV2-induced hematoendothelial progenitors in the presence of GM-CSF, FGF2, and UM171 led to continuous production of generous amounts of CD34+CD33+ myeloid progenitors which could be harvested every 8–10 days for up to 30 days of culture. Subsequently, myeloid progenitors were differentiated into neutrophils in the presence of G-CSF and the retinoic acid agonist Am580. Neutrophils obtained in these conditions displayed a typical somatic neutrophil morphology, produced reactive oxygen species, formed neutrophil extracellular traps and possessed phagocytic and chemotactic activities. Overall, this technology offers an opportunity to generate a significant number of neutrophils as soon as 14 days after initiation of differentiation. ETV2 mmRNA directly programs hPSCs into hemogenic endothelium (HE) ETV2-induced HE possesses robust myeloid potential ETV2 mmRNA rapid neutrophil differentiation protocol in defined conditions is provided ETV2 mmRNA-induced neutrophils are functionally similar to in-vivo-derived cells
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Bennin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kran Suknuntha
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Lucas C Klemm
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Igor Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA.
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11
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Alsayegh K, Cortés-Medina LV, Ramos-Mandujano G, Badraiq H, Li M. Hematopoietic Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: HOX and GATA Transcription Factors as Master Regulators. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:438-452. [PMID: 32194342 PMCID: PMC7062042 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191017163837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous human disorders of the blood system would directly or indirectly benefit from therapeutic approaches that reconstitute the hematopoietic system. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), either from matched donors or ex vivo manipulated autologous tissues, are the most used cellular source of cell therapy for a wide range of disorders. Due to the scarcity of matched donors and the difficulty of ex vivo expansion of HSCs, there is a growing interest in harnessing the potential of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as a de novo source of HSCs. PSCs make an ideal source of cells for regenerative medicine in general and for treating blood disorders in particular because they could expand indefinitely in culture and differentiate to any cell type in the body. However, advancement in deriving functional HSCs from PSCs has been slow. This is partly due to an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying normal hematopoiesis. In this review, we discuss the latest efforts to generate human PSC (hPSC)-derived HSCs capable of long-term engraftment. We review the regulation of the key transcription factors (TFs) in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic differentiation, the Homeobox (HOX) and GATA genes, and the interplay between them and microRNAs. We also propose that precise control of these master regulators during the course of hematopoietic differentiation is key to achieving functional hPSC-derived HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alsayegh
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lorena V Cortés-Medina
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerardo Ramos-Mandujano
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Badraiq
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mo Li
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Iizuka-Koga M, Asashima H, Ando M, Lai CY, Mochizuki S, Nakanishi M, Nishimura T, Tsuboi H, Hirota T, Takahashi H, Matsumoto I, Otsu M, Sumida T. Functional Analysis of Dendritic Cells Generated from T-iPSCs from CD4+ T Cell Clones of Sjögren's Syndrome. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 8:1155-1163. [PMID: 28494936 PMCID: PMC5425788 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is important to clarify the pathogenic functions of T cells in human samples, their examination is often limited due to difficulty in obtaining sufficient numbers of dendritic cells (DCs), used as antigen-presenting cells, especially in autoimmune diseases. We describe the generation of DCs from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from T cells (T-iPSCs). We reprogrammed CD4+ T cell clones from a patient with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) into iPSCs, which were differentiated into DCs (T-iPS-DCs). T-iPS-DCs had dendritic cell-like morphology, and expressed CD11c, HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, and also BDCA-3. Compared with monocyte-derived DCs, the capacity for antigen processing was similar, and T-iPS-DCs induced the proliferative response of autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we could evaluate T cell functions of the patient with SS. In conclusion, we obtained adequate numbers of DCs from T-iPSCs, which could be used to characterize pathogenic T cells in autoimmune diseases such as SS. Dendritic cells were generated from iPSCs derived from CD4+ T cells (T-iPS-DCs) Adequate numbers of functional DCs were generated from a small blood sample The comparison between T-iPS-DCs and monocyte-derived DCs was evaluated The functional assays of T cells in Sjögren's syndrome were analyzed by T-iPS-DCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Iizuka-Koga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Miki Ando
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Chen-Yi Lai
- Division of Stem Cell Processing/Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shinji Mochizuki
- Division of Stem Cell Processing/Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Otsu
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Processing/Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
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13
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Kumar S, Blangero J, Curran JE. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Disease Modeling and Gene Identification. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1706:17-38. [PMID: 29423791 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7471-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Experimental modeling of human inherited disorders provides insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, and the underlying genetic component influencing, the disease phenotype. The breakthrough development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology represents a quantum leap in experimental modeling of human diseases, providing investigators with a self-renewing and, thus, unlimited source of pluripotent cells for targeted differentiation. In principle, the entire range of cell types found in the human body can be interrogated using an iPSC approach. Therefore, iPSC technology, and the increasingly refined abilities to differentiate iPSCs into disease-relevant target cells, has far-reaching implications for understanding disease pathophysiology, identifying disease-causing genes, and developing more precise therapeutics, including advances in regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we discuss the technological perspectives and recent developments in the application of patient-derived iPSC lines for human disease modeling and disease gene identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, 1214 W Schunior St, Edinburg, TX, 78541, USA.
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, 1214 W Schunior St, Edinburg, TX, 78541, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, 1214 W Schunior St, Edinburg, TX, 78541, USA
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14
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Chhabra A. Inherent Immunogenicity or Lack Thereof of Pluripotent Stem Cells: Implications for Cell Replacement Therapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:993. [PMID: 28868053 PMCID: PMC5563324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer opportunities for personalized cell replacement therapeutic approaches due to their unlimited self-renewal potential and ability to differentiate into different somatic cells. A significant progress has been made toward generating iPSC lines that are free of integrating viral vectors, development of xeno-free culture conditions, and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into functional somatic cell lineages. Since donor-specific iPSC lines are genetically identical to the individual, they are expected to be immunologically matched and these iPSC lines and their cellular derivatives are not expected to be immunologically rejected. However, studies in mouse models, utilizing rejection of teratomas as a model, have claimed that syngenic iPSC lines, especially the iPSC lines derived with integrating viral vectors, could be inherently immunogenic. This manuscript reviews current understanding of inherent immunogenicity of PSC lines, especially that of the human iPSC lines and their cellular derivatives, and strategies to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Chhabra
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center (UCONN Health), Farmington, CT, United States
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15
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Chhabra A, Chen IP, Batra D. Human Dendritic Cell–Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Are Not Immunogenic. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1875-1886. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Takacs E, Boto P, Simo E, Csuth TI, Toth BM, Raveh-Amit H, Pap A, Kovács EG, Kobolak J, Benkö S, Dinnyes A, Szatmari I. Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Generation from Pluripotent Stem Cells by Ectopic Expression of Runx3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:239-248. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Elshal MF, Aldahlawi AM, Saadah OI, McCoy JP. Reduced Dendritic Cells Expressing CD200R1 in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Correlation with Th17 and Regulatory T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28998-9010. [PMID: 26690123 PMCID: PMC4691090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of tolerance of the adaptive immune system towards indigenous flora contributes to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Defects in dendritic cell (DC)-mediated innate and adoptive immune responses are conceivable. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the inhibitory molecules CD200R1 and their ligand CD200 on DCs, to clarify the role of the DCs in the pathogenesis of IBD. Thirty-seven pediatric IBD patients (23 with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 14 with ulcerative colitis (UC)) with mean age 13.25 ± 2.9 years were included. Fourteen age-matched healthy pediatric volunteers (five males and nine females) served as a control group (HC). The percentage of CD11c+ myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and CD123+ plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) expressing CD200R1 and CD200 were evaluated in peripheral blood using flow cytometry and were correlated with routine biochemical, serological markers, serum levels of cytokines and with the percentages of circulating regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD4+ producing IL-17 (Th17). IBD patients showed a significant decrease in the percentage of pDCs and mDCs expressing CD200R1 compared to that of HC. Patients with UC showed increased expressions of the CD200 molecule on pDCs as compared to HC. DCs expressing CD200R1 were found to be correlated positively with Treg and negatively with TH17 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Our findings suggest that IBD is associated with dysregulation in the CD200R1/CD200 axis and that the decrease in DCs expressing CD200R1 may contribute to the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells and in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Elshal
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.
| | - Alia M Aldahlawi
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar I Saadah
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - J Philip McCoy
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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18
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Antigenically Modified Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Generate Antigen-Presenting Dendritic Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15262. [PMID: 26471005 PMCID: PMC4608011 DOI: 10.1038/srep15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide a promising platform to produce dendritic cell (DC) vaccine. To streamline the production process, we investigated a unique antigen-loading strategy that suits this novel platform. Specifically, we stably modified hPSCs using tumour antigen genes in the form of a full-length tumour antigen gene or an artificial tumour antigen epitope-coding minigene. Such antigenically modified hPSCs were able to differentiate into tumour antigen-presenting DCs. Without conventional antigen-loading, DCs derived from the minigene-modified hPSCs were ready to prime a tumour antigen-specific T cell response and further expand these specific T cells in restimulation processes. These expanded tumour antigen-specific T cells were potent effectors with central memory or effector memory phenotype. Thus, we demonstrated that immunocompetent tumour antigen-loaded DCs can be directly generated from antigenically modified hPSCs. Using such strategy, we can completely eliminate the conventional antigen-loading step and significantly simplify the production of DC vaccine from hPSCs.
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19
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Kimbrel EA, Lanza R. Current status of pluripotent stem cells: moving the first therapies to the clinic. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:681-92. [PMID: 26391880 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise for drug discovery and regenerative medicine owing to their ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. After more than three decades of research, including delays due to the potential tumorigenicity of PSCs and inefficiencies in differentiation methods, the field is at a turning point, with a number of clinical trials across the globe now testing PSC-derived products in humans. Ocular diseases dominate these first-in-man trials, and Phase l/ll results are showing promising safety data as well as possible efficacy. In addition, the advent of induced PSC (iPSC) technology is enabling the development of a wide range of cell-based disease models from genetically predisposed patients, thereby facilitating drug discovery. In this Review, we discuss the recent progress and remaining challenges for the use of PSCs in regenerative medicine and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Kimbrel
- Ocata Therapeutics, 33 Locke Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
| | - Robert Lanza
- Ocata Therapeutics, 33 Locke Drive, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, USA
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20
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Ni Z, Knorr DA, Bendzick L, Allred J, Kaufman DS. Expression of chimeric receptor CD4ζ by natural killer cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells improves in vitro activity but does not enhance suppression of HIV infection in vivo. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1021-31. [PMID: 24307574 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapy has been gaining interest as an improved means to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could become a potential resource. Our previous studies have shown hESC and iPSC-derived natural killer (NK) cells can inhibit HIV-infected targets in vitro. Here, we advance those studies by expressing a HIV chimeric receptor combining the extracellular portion of CD4 to the CD3ζ intracellular signaling chain. We hypothesized that expression of this CD4ζ receptor would more efficiently direct hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells to target HIV-infected cells. In vitro studies showed the CD4ζ expressing hESC- and iPSC-NK cells inhibited HIV replication in CD4+ T-cells more efficiently than their unmodified counterparts. We then evaluated CD4ζ expressing hESC (CD4ζ-hESC)- and iPSC-NK cells in vivo anti-HIV activity using a humanized mouse model. We demonstrated significant suppression of HIV replication in mice treated with both CD4ζ-modified and -unmodified hESC-/iPSC-NK cells compared with control mice. However, we did not observe significantly increased efficacy of CD4ζ expression in suppression of HIV infection. These studies indicate that hESC/iPSC-based immunotherapy can be used as a unique resource to target HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Ni
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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21
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Zhang R, Liu TY, Senju S, Haruta M, Hirosawa N, Suzuki M, Tatsumi M, Ueda N, Maki H, Nakatsuka R, Matsuoka Y, Sasaki Y, Tsuzuki S, Nakanishi H, Araki R, Abe M, Akatsuka Y, Sakamoto Y, Sonoda Y, Nishimura Y, Kuzushima K, Uemura Y. Generation of mouse pluripotent stem cell-derived proliferating myeloid cells as an unlimited source of functional antigen-presenting cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:668-77. [PMID: 25672396 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of dendritic cells (DC) to prime tumor-associated antigen-specific T-cell responses provides a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can differentiate into functional DCs, thus providing an unlimited source of DCs. However, the previously established methods of generating practical volumes of DCs from pluripotent stem cells (PSC) require a large number of PSCs at the start of the differentiation culture. In this study, we generated mouse proliferating myeloid cells (pMC) as a source of antigen-presenting cells (APC) using lentivirus-mediated transduction of the c-Myc gene into mouse PSC-derived myeloid cells. The pMCs could propagate almost indefinitely in a cytokine-dependent manner, while retaining their potential to differentiate into functional APCs. After treatment with IL4 plus GM-CSF, the pMCs showed impaired proliferation and differentiated into immature DC-like cells (pMC-DC) expressing low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I, MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. In addition, exposure to maturation stimuli induced the production of TNFα and IL12p70, and enhanced the expression of MHC-II, CD40, and CD86, which is thus suggestive of typical DC maturation. Similar to bone marrow-derived DCs, they stimulated a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction. Furthermore, the in vivo transfer of pMC-DCs pulsed with H-2K(b)-restricted OVA257-264 peptide primed OVA-specific cytotoxic T cells and elicited protection in mice against challenge with OVA-expressing melanoma. Overall, myeloid cells exhibiting cytokine-dependent proliferation and DC-like differentiation may be used to address issues associated with the preparation of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tian-Yi Liu
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan. Key Laboratory of Cancer Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Miwa Haruta
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Narumi Hirosawa
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Division of Analytical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoharu Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minako Tatsumi
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ueda
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maki
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakatsuka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hayao Nakanishi
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoko Araki
- Transcriptome Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masumi Abe
- Transcriptome Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Akatsuka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakamoto
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Division of Analytical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nishimura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kuzushima
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uemura
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan. CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
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22
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Zeng J, Wang S. Human dendritic cells derived from embryonic stem cells stably modified with CD1d efficiently stimulate antitumor invariant natural killer T cell response. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:69-80. [PMID: 24292792 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique lymphocyte subpopulation that mediates antitumor activities upon activation. A current strategy to harness iNKT cells for cancer treatment is endogenous iNKT cell activation using patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs). However, the limited number and functional defects of patient DCs are still the major challenges for this therapeutic approach. In this study, we investigated whether human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with an ectopically expressed CD1d gene could be exploited to address this issue. Using a lentivector carrying an optimized expression cassette, we generated stably modified hESC lines that consistently overexpressed CD1d. These modified hESC lines were able to differentiate into DCs as efficiently as the parental line. Most importantly, more than 50% of such derived DCs were CD1d+. These CD1d-overexpressing DCs were more efficient in inducing iNKT cell response than those without modification, and their ability was comparable to that of DCs generated from monocytes of healthy donors. The iNKT cells expanded by the CD1d-overexpressing DCs were functional, as demonstrated by their ability to lyse iNKT cell-sensitive glioma cells. Therefore, hESCs stably modified with the CD1d gene may serve as a convenient, unlimited, and competent DC source for iNKT cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Zeng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Clapes T, Robin C. Embryonic development of hematopoietic stem cells: implications for clinical use. Regen Med 2012; 7:349-68. [PMID: 22594328 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is an important treatment modality for hematological malignancies or to correct congenital immunodeficiency disorders. Several stem cell sources are currently applied clinically, with a recent increased application of umbilical cord blood. The low number of HSCs available, particularly in umbilical cord blood, is a limiting factor, and different lines of research are ongoing to circumvent this issue. In this review, we will describe the research strategies developed to expand adult HSCs in vitro and to generate new HSCs from pluripotent stem cell lines. We will also discuss the importance of studying the embryonic microenvironment since it allows both generation and extensive expansion of HSCs. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie HSC production, self-renewal and differentiation is necessary for the establishment of optimal in vitro HSC cultures, where a limitless and manipulatable resource of HSCs would be available for both clinical and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clapes
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Stem Cell Institute, PO Box 2040, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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TAP-deficient human iPS cell-derived myeloid cell lines as unlimited cell source for dendritic cell-like antigen-presenting cells. Gene Ther 2012; 20:504-13. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Mohib K, Wang L. Differentiation and characterization of dendritic cells from human embryonic stem cells. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2012; Chapter 22:22F.11.1-22F.11.22. [PMID: 22855358 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im22f11s98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer great hope in regenerative medicine. Their ability to give rise to almost any type of cell present in the adult body makes them an invaluable tool in finding cures for a variety of diseases. While considerable protocols have been devised to efficiently differentiate hESCs into various cells types including cells of hematopoietic origin, this protocol will focus on the derivation of dendritic cells (DC), a potent antigen-presenting cell. DCs are a highly important arm of the immune system, as they represent one of the few cells that bridge the innate and adaptive systems, leading to effective pathogen clearance. The study of DCs has led to potential applications in diverse fields, such as vaccine development, tumor immunology, and transplantation. In this protocol, we describe two different methods of differentiating hESCs into DCs. The first method uses OP9 bone marrow stromal supporting cells as a coculture system, while the second method utilizes the formation of embryoid body (EB, cellular aggregate) as an approach. To assure the successful outcome and subsequent assessment of the differentiated DCs, supporting protocols have been included in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Mohib
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Weinacht KG, Brauer PM, Felgentreff K, Devine A, Gennery AR, Giliani S, Al-Herz W, Schambach A, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Notarangelo LD. The role of induced pluripotent stem cells in research and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:617-24. [PMID: 22841347 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The advent of reprogramming technology has greatly advanced the field of stem cell biology and nurtured our hope to create patient specific renewable stem cell sources. While the number of reports of disease specific induced pluripotent stem cells is continuously rising, the field becomes increasingly more aware that induced pluripotent stem cells are not as similar to embryonic stem cells as initially assumed. Our state of the art understanding of human induced pluripotent stem cells, their capacity, their limitations and their promise as it pertains to the study and treatment of primary immunodeficiencies, is the content of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja G Weinacht
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, USA
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27
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Ebihara Y, Ma F, Tsuji K. Generation of red blood cells from human embryonic/induced pluripotent stem cells for blood transfusion. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:610-6. [PMID: 22648827 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is necessary for many patients with emergency or hematological disorders. However, to date the supply of RBCs remains labile and dependent on voluntary donations. In addition, the transmission of infectious disease via blood transfusion from unspecified donors remains a risk. Establishing a large quantity of safe RBCs would help to address this issue. Human embryonic stem (hES) cells and the recently established human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells represent potentially unlimited sources of donor-free RBCs for blood transfusion, as they can proliferate indefinitely in vitro. Extensive research has been done to efficiently generate transfusable RBCs from hES/iPS cells. Nevertheless, a number of challenges must be overcome before the clinical usage of hES/iPS cell-derived RBCs can become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ebihara
- Division of Stem Cell Processing, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Lo SL, Lua S, Song J, Wang S. A β-sheet structure interacting peptide for intracellular protein delivery into human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:616-20. [PMID: 22538367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The advance in stem cell research relies largely on the efficiency and biocompatibility of technologies used to manipulate stem cells. In our previous study, we had designed an amphipathic peptide RV24 that can deliver proteins into cancer cell lines efficiently without significant side effects. Encouraged by this observation, we moved forward to test whether RV24 could be used to deliver proteins into human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells. RV24 successfully mediated protein delivery into these pluripotent stem cells, as well as their derivatives including neural stem cells and dendritic cells. Based on NMR studies and particle surface charge measurements, we proposed that hydrophobic domain of RV24 interacts with β-sheet structures of the proteins, followed by formation of "peptide cage" to facilitate delivery across cellular membrane. These findings suggest the feasibility of using amphipathic peptide to deliver functional proteins intracellularly for stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Loong Lo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #04-01, 138669 Singapore, Singapore
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Zeng J, Shahbazi M, Wu C, Toh HC, Wang S. Enhancing Immunostimulatory Function of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Dendritic Cells by CD1d Overexpression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4297-304. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Development of feeder-free culture systems for generation of ckit+sca1+ progenitors from mouse iPS cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:736-47. [PMID: 21188655 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Patient-specific therapeutic cells derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells may bypass the ethical issues associated with embryonic stem (ES) cells and avoid potential immunological reactions associated with allogenic transplantation. It is critical, for the ultimate clinical applicability of iPS cell-derived therapies, to establish feeder-free cultures that ensure efficient differentiation of iPS cells into therapeutic progenitors. It is also necessary to understand if iPS cell-derived progenitors differ from those derived from ES cells. In this study, we compared the efficiency of three different feeder-free cultures for differentiating mouse iPS cells into ckit+sca1+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and compared how differentiation and functionality varies between ES and iPS cells. Our results indicated that both iPS and ES cells can be efficiently differentiated into HPCs in suspension cultures supplemented with secretion factors from mouse bone marrow stromal cells (OP9-DL1 conditioned medium). The functionality of these cells was demonstrated by differentiation into CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs). Both ES and iPS-derived DCs expressed activation molecules (CD86, CD80) in response to LPS stimulation and stimulated T cell proliferation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Extensive quantitative RT-PCR studies were used to study the differences in gene expression profiles of ckit+sca1+ cells generated from the various culture systems as well as differences between ES-derived and iPS-derived cells. We conclude that a feeder-free system using stromal conditioned medium can efficiently generate HPCs as well as functional DCs from iPS cells and the generated cells have similar gene expression profile as those from ES cells.
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Nishimoto KP, Tseng SY, Lebkowski JS, Reddy A. Modification of human embryonic stem cell-derived dendritic cells with mRNA for efficient antigen presentation and enhanced potency. Regen Med 2011; 6:303-18. [PMID: 21548736 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are designed to exploit the intrinsic capacity of these highly effective antigen presenting cells to prime and boost antigen-specific T-cell immune responses. Successful development of DC-based vaccines will be dependent on the ability to utilize and harness the full potential of these potent immune stimulatory cells. Recent advances to generate DCs derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that are suitable for clinical use represent an alternative strategy from conventional approaches of using patient-specific DCs. Although the differentiation of hESC-derived DCs in serum-free defined conditions has been established, the stimulatory potential of these hESC-derived DCs have not been fully evaluated. METHODS hESC-derived DCs were differentiated in serum-free defined culture conditions. The delivery of antigen into hESC-derived DCs was investigated using mRNA transfection and replication-deficient adenoviral vector transduction. hESC-derived DCs modified with antigen were evaluated for their capacity to stimulate antigen-specific T-cell responses with known HLA matching. Since IL-12 is a key cytokine that drives T-cell function, further enhancement of DC potency was evaluated by transfecting mRNA encoding the IL-12p70 protein into hESC-derived DCs. RESULTS The transfection of mRNA into hESC-derived DCs was effective for heterologous protein expression. The efficiency of adenoviral vector transduction into hESC-derived DCs was poor. These mRNA-transfected DCs were capable of stimulating human telomerase reverse transcriptase antigen-specific T cells composed of varying degrees of HLA matching. In addition, we observed the transfection of mRNA encoding IL-12p70 enhanced the T-cell stimulation potency of hESC-derived DCs. CONCLUSION These data provide support for the development and modification of hESC-derived DCs with mRNA as a potential strategy for the induction of T-cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Nishimoto
- Geron Corporation, 230 Constitution Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Ramachandra CJA, Shahbazi M, Kwang TWX, Choudhury Y, Bak XY, Yang J, Wang S. Efficient recombinase-mediated cassette exchange at the AAVS1 locus in human embryonic stem cells using baculoviral vectors. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:e107. [PMID: 21685448 PMCID: PMC3167641 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insertion of a transgene into a defined genomic locus in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is crucial in preventing random integration-induced insertional mutagenesis, and can possibly enable persistent transgene expression during hESC expansion and in their differentiated progenies. Here, we employed homologous recombination in hESCs to introduce heterospecific loxP sites into the AAVS1 locus, a site with an open chromatin structure that allows averting transgene silencing phenomena. We then performed Cre recombinase mediated cassette exchange using baculoviral vectors to insert a transgene into the modified AAVS1 locus. Targeting efficiency in the master hESC line with the loxP-docking sites was up to 100%. Expression of the inserted transgene lasted for at least 20 passages during hESC expansion and was retained in differentiated cells derived from the genetically modified hESCs. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of genetic manipulation at the AAVS1 locus with homologous recombination and using viral transduction in hESCs to facilitate recombinase-mediated cassette exchange. The method developed will be useful for repeated gene targeting at a defined locus of the hESC genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan J A Ramachandra
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Dias J, Gumenyuk M, Kang H, Vodyanik M, Yu J, Thomson JA, Slukvin II. Generation of red blood cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1639-47. [PMID: 21434814 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into the erythroid lineage of cells offers a novel opportunity to study erythroid development, regulation of globin switching, drug testing, and modeling of red blood cell (RBC) diseases in vitro. Here we describe an approach for the efficient generation of RBCs from hiPSC/hESCs using an OP9 coculture system to induce hematopoietic differentiation followed by selective expansion of erythroid cells in serum-free media with erythropoiesis-supporting cytokines. We showed that fibroblast-derived transgenic hiPSCs generated using lentivirus-based vectors and transgene-free hiPSCs generated using episomal vectors can be differentiated into RBCs with an efficiency similar to that of H1 hESCs. Erythroid cultures established with this approach consisted of an essentially pure population of CD235a(+)CD45(-) leukocyte-free RBCs with robust expansion potential and long life span (up to 90 days). Similar to hESCs, hiPSC-derived RBCs expressed predominately fetal γ and embryonic ɛ globins, indicating complete reprogramming of β-globin locus following transition of fibroblasts to the pluripotent state. Although β-globin expression was detected in hiPSC/hESC-derived erythroid cells, its expression was substantially lower than the embryonic and fetal globins. Overall, these results demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale production of erythroid cells from fibroblast-derived hiPSCs, as has been described for hESCs. Since RBCs generated from transgene-free hiPSCs lack genomic integration and background expression of reprogramming genes, they would be a preferable cell source for modeling of diseases and for gene function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dias
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
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Senju S, Matsunaga Y, Fukushima S, Hirata S, Motomura Y, Fukuma D, Matsuyoshi H, Nishimura Y. Immunotherapy with pluripotent stem cell-derived dendritic cells. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 33:603-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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35
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Slukvin II. Renin-angiotensin system and hemangioblast development from human embryonic stem cells. Expert Rev Hematol 2011; 2:137-43. [PMID: 21083448 DOI: 10.1586/ehm.09.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer the opportunity to create a novel source of blood cells for transfusion, transplantation and cancer immunotherapy. Identification of sequential progenitors leading to blood development, as well as a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hematopoietic lineage specification and diversification from hESCs, will be critical to advance technologies for large-scale production of blood cells and in vitro generation of hematopoietic stem cells. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that hematopoiesis, both in vivo during embryogenesis and in vitro from hESCs, is initiated from hemangioblasts; cells with the potential to generate both hematopoietic and endothelial cells. However, the phenotypic and functional properties of hemangioblasts remain largely unknown. The paper from Zambidis et al. is the first demonstration that hemangioblasts generated from hESCs express angiotensin-converting enzyme (CD143). More importantly, the current study demonstrates that the renin-angiotensin system plays a critical role in the hemangioblast fate decision to produce either blood or endothelial cells. These findings could be exploited for developing novel cellular and drug therapies for hematological and vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Slukvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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36
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Senju S, Haruta M, Matsumura K, Matsunaga Y, Fukushima S, Ikeda T, Takamatsu K, Irie A, Nishimura Y. Generation of dendritic cells and macrophages from human induced pluripotent stem cells aiming at cell therapy. Gene Ther 2011; 18:874-83. [PMID: 21430784 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This report describes generation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. iPS cell-derived DC (iPS-DC) exhibited the morphology of typical DC and function of T-cell stimulation and antigen presentation. iPS-DC loaded with cytomegalovirus (CMV) peptide induced vigorous expansion of CMV-specific autologous CD8+ T cells. Macrophages (iPS-MP) with activity of zymosan phagocytosis and C5a-induced chemotaxis were also generated from iPS cells. Genetically modified iPS-MPs were generated by the introduction of expression vectors into undifferentiated iPS cells, isolation of transfectant iPS cell clone and subsequent differentiation. By this procedure, we generated iPS-MP expressing a membrane-bound form of single chain antibody (scFv) specific to amyloid β (Aβ), the causal protein of Alzheimer's disease. The scFv-transfectant iPS-MP exhibited efficient Aβ-specific phagocytosis activity. iPS-MP expressing CD20-specific scFv engulfed and killed BALL-1 B-cell leukemia cells. Anti-BALL-1 effect of iPS-MP in vivo was demonstrated in a xeno-transplantation model using severe combined immunodeficient mice. In addition, we established a xeno-free culture protocol to generate iPS-DC and iPS-MP. Collectively, we demonstrated the possibility of application of iPS-DC and macrophages to cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Kimbrel EA, Lu SJ. Potential clinical applications for human pluripotent stem cell-derived blood components. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:273076. [PMID: 21437192 PMCID: PMC3062143 DOI: 10.4061/2011/273076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to divide indefinitely without losing pluripotency and to theoretically differentiate into any cell type in the body makes them highly attractive cell sources for large scale regenerative medicine purposes. The current use of adult stem cell-derived products in hematologic intervention sets an important precedent and provides a guide for developing hESC/iPSC based therapies for the blood system. In this review, we highlight biological functions of mature cells of the blood, clinical conditions requiring the transfusion or stimulation of these cells, and the potential for hESC/iPSC-derivatives to serve as functional replacements. Many researchers have already been able to differentiate hESCs and/or iPSCs into specific mature blood cell types. For example, hESC-derived red blood cells and platelets are functional in tasks such as oxygen delivery and blood clotting, respectively and may be able to serve as substitutes for their donor-derived counterparts in emergencies. hESC-derived dendritic cells are functional in antigen-presentation and may be used as off-the-shelf vaccine therapies to stimulate antigen-specific immune responses against cancer cells. However, in vitro differentiation systems used to generate these cells will need further optimization before hESC/iPSC-derived blood components can be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Kimbrel
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine International, 33 Locke Drive, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA
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Ex vivo development, expansion and in vivo analysis of a novel lineage of dendritic cells from hematopoietic stem cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNE BASED THERAPIES AND VACCINES 2010; 8:8. [PMID: 21106069 PMCID: PMC3004889 DOI: 10.1186/1476-8518-8-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in innate and adaptive immunity but the access to sufficient amount of DCs for basic and translational research has been limited. We established a novel ex vivo system to develop and expand DCs from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HPCs). Both human and mouse HPCs were expanded first in feeder culture supplemented with c-Kit ligand (KL, stem cell factor, steel factor or CD117 ligand), Flt3 ligand (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3, Flt3L, FL), thrombopoietin (TPO), IL-3, IL-6, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and then in a second feeder culture ectopically expressing all above growth factors plus GM-CSF and IL-15. In the dual culture system, CD34+ HPCs differentiated toward DC progenitors (DCPs), which expanded more than five orders of magnitude. The DCPs showed myeloid DC surface phenotype with up-regulation of transcription factors PU.1 and Id2, and DC-related factors homeostatic chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) and beta-chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6). Multiplex ELISA array and cDNA microarray analyses revealed that the DCPs shared some features of IL-4 and IL-15 DCs but displayed a pronounced proinflammatory phenotype. DCP-derived DCs showed antigen-uptake and immune activation functions analogous to that of the peripheral blood-derived DCs. Furthermore, bone marrow HPC-derived DCP vaccines of tumor-bearing mice suppressed tumor growth in vivo. This novel approach of generating DCP-DCs, which are different from known IL-4 and IL-15 DCs, overcomes both quantitative and qualitative limitations in obtaining functional autologous DCs from a small number of HPCs with great translational potential.
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Human pluripotent stem cells produce natural killer cells that mediate anti-HIV-1 activity by utilizing diverse cellular mechanisms. J Virol 2010; 85:43-50. [PMID: 20962093 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01774-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies against HIV/AIDS have been gaining increased interest. Natural killer (NK) cells are a key component of the innate immune system with the ability to kill diverse tumor cells and virus-infected cells. While NK cells have been shown to play an important role in the control of HIV-1 replication, their functional activities are often compromised in HIV-1-infected individuals. We have previously demonstrated the derivation of NK cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with the ability to potently kill multiple types of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. We now demonstrate the derivation of functional NK cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). More importantly, both hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells are able to inhibit HIV-1 NL4-3 infection of CEM-GFP cells. Additional studies using HIV-1-infected human primary CD4(+) T cells illustrated that hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells suppress HIV-1 infection by at least three distinct cellular mechanisms: killing of infected targets through direct lysis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and production of chemokines and cytokines. Our results establish the potential to utilize hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells to better understand anti-HIV-1 immunity and provide a novel cellular immunotherapeutic approach to treat HIV/AIDS.
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Boyd AS, Fairchild PJ. Approaches for immunological tolerance induction to stem cell-derived cell replacement therapies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 6:435-48. [PMID: 20441429 DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The shortage of donors for organ transplantation and also to treat degenerative diseases has led to the development of the new field of regenerative medicine. One aim of this field, in addition to in vivo induction of endogenous tissue regeneration, is to utilize stem cells as a supplementary source of cells to repair or replace tissues or organs that have ceased to function owing to ageing or autoimmunity. Embryonic stem cells hold promise in this respect because of their developmental capacity to generate all tissues within the body. More recently, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells, somatic cells reprogrammed to a primitive embryonic-like state by the introduction of pluripotency factors, may also act as an important cell source for cell replacement therapy. However, before cell replacement therapy can become a reality, one must consider how to overcome the potential transplant rejection of stem cell-derived products. There are several potential ways to circumvent the hurdles presented by the immune system in this setting, not least the induction of immunological tolerance in the host. In this review, we consider this and other approaches for engendering acceptance of stem cell-derived tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh S Boyd
- Stem Cell Sciences Lab, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX13RE, UK.
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41
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Xia Y, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Cheng H. CD4+ T-cell anergy induced by lin- CD117(c-kit)+ stem cell-derived immature dendritic cells loaded with nuclear antigen derived from Trypanosoma equiperdum. Autoimmunity 2010; 43:664-71. [PMID: 20370574 DOI: 10.3109/08916931003674691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, which have the extraordinary capacity to initiate naïve T-cell-mediated primary immune responses. To investigate the role of DCs in the induction of antigen-specific tolerance, the immature DCs (imDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs) were generated in vitro from lin(-)CD117(c-kit)(+) stem cells isolated from mice bone marrow. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to characterize the phenotypes of DCs. These cells were loaded with nuclear antigen derived from Trypanosoma equiperdum and then co-cultured with naïve CD4(+) T cells. It was found that imDC-treated T cells had lower proliferation level and cytokine expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12, and interferon-γ compared with mDC-treated T cells. These results demonstrated that the maturation status of DCs is critical for preventing the production of autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
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Li Y, Zeng H, Xu RH, Liu B, Li Z. Vaccination with human pluripotent stem cells generates a broad spectrum of immunological and clinical responses against colon cancer. Stem Cells 2010; 27:3103-11. [PMID: 19816950 DOI: 10.1002/stem.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The history of immunizing with embryonic materials to generate an antitumor immune response dates back to a century ago. The premise is that cancer cells share the expression of oncofetal antigens with embryonic materials and that the immune response against these antigens in the embryonic tissues is cross-protective against cancer. However, such a practice has never advanced beyond experimental animal settings, because of lack of uniformed source tissues and ethical challenges. With the availability of well-characterized human pluripotent stem cells, it is now possible to ask whether tumor protective immunity could indeed be elicited with stem cells. Herein, we investigated whether vaccination with defined human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells was effective against a colon carcinoma. We discovered that vaccination of mice with hESC line H9 generated consistent cellular and humoral immune responses against CT26 colon carcinoma. Protection correlated strongly with the expansion of tumor-responsive and interferon-gamma-producing cells and the profound loss of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the spleen. No evidence of autoimmunity was observed. We also compared the immunogenicity against colon cancer between a hESC line CT2 and an iPS cell line TZ1 that were generated in the same stem cell facility. We found that the iPS cell line was inferior to the hESC line in conferring tumor protection, suggesting that there is heterogeneity of expression of oncofetal antigens by hESCs and iPS cells. We conclude that the hESC-based vaccine is a promising modality for immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1601, USA
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Sakamoto H, Tsuji-Tamura K, Ogawa M. Hematopoiesis from pluripotent stem cell lines. Int J Hematol 2010; 91:384-91. [PMID: 20169427 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-010-0519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into various types of hematopoietic cells (HPCs) when placed in an appropriate environment. Various methods for the differentiation of ESCs into specific HPC lineages have been developed using mouse ESCs. These ESC-differentiation methods have been utilized also as an in vitro model to investigate hematopoiesis in embryos and they provided critical perceptions into it. These methods have been adapted for use with human ESCs, which have the possibility of being employed in regenerative medicine; further improvement of these methods may lead to the efficient production of HPCs for use in transfusions. The generation of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells is a medical goal that is still difficult to achieve. Recently, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been established from differentiated cells. Thereby, iPS cells have expanded further possibilities of the use of pluripotent stem cell lines in clinical application. Indeed, iPS cells have been established from cells with disease genes and those which have undergone reprogramming and targeting have generated phenotypically normal HPCs. Here, we mainly summarize the recent progress in research on hematopoiesis conducted with ESCs and iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakamoto
- Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
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Pluripotent stem cells as source of dendritic cells for immune therapy. Int J Hematol 2010; 91:392-400. [PMID: 20155337 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-010-0520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. In vivo transfer of antigen-bearing DC has proven efficient in priming T cell responses specific to the antigen. DC-based cellular vaccination is now regarded as a powerful means for immunotherapy, especially for anti-cancer immunotherapy. Clinical trials of therapy with DC pulsed with peptide antigens or genetically modified to present antigens are currently carried out in many institutions. In addition, antigen-specific negative regulation of immune response by DC is considered to be a promising approach for treatments of autoimmune diseases and also for regulation of allo-reactive immune response causing graft rejection and GVHD in transplantation medicine. DC for transfer therapy are now generated by in vitro differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes of the patients. However, there is a limitation in the number of available monocytes, and the DC-differentiation potential of monocytes varies depending on the blood donor. Embryonic stem (ES) cells possess both pluripotency and infinite propagation capacity. We consider ES cells to be an ideal source for DC to be used in immunotherapy. Several groups, including us, have developed methods to generate DC from ES cells. This review introduces the studies on generation, characterization, and genetic modification of DC derived from ES cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The issues to be resolved before clinical application of pluripotent stem cell-derived DC will also be discussed.
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Tian X, Hexum MK, Penchev VR, Taylor RJ, Shultz LD, Kaufman DS. Bioluminescent imaging demonstrates that transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived CD34(+) cells preferentially develop into endothelial cells. Stem Cells 2010; 27:2675-85. [PMID: 19711457 DOI: 10.1002/stem.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide an important resource for novel regenerative medicine therapies and have been used to derive diverse cell populations, including hematopoietic and endothelial cells. However, it remains a challenge to achieve significant engraftment of hESC-derived blood cells when transplanted into animal models. To better understand mechanisms that enhance or limit the in vivo developmental potential of hESC-derived cells, we utilized hESCs that express firefly luciferase (luc) to allow noninvasive, real-time bioluminescent imaging of hESC-derived CD34(+) cells transplanted into the liver of neonatal immunodeficient mice. Serial imaging demonstrated stable engraftment and expansion of the luc(+) hESC-derived cells in vivo over several months. While we found that these hESC-derived CD34(+) cells have bipotential ability to generate both hematopoietic and endothelial lineages in vitro, these studies demonstrate preferential differentiation into endothelial cells in vivo, with only low levels of hematopoietic cell engraftment. Therefore, these studies reveal key differences in the developmental potential of hESC-derived cells using in vitro and in vivo analyses. Although transplanted hESC-derived CD34(+) cells are well-suited for revascularization therapies, additional measures are needed to provide higher levels of long-term hematopoietic engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Tian
- Department of Medicine and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Directed differentiation of hematopoietic precursors and functional osteoclasts from human ES and iPS cells. Blood 2010; 115:2769-76. [PMID: 20065292 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-234690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells offers the unique opportunity to generate a broad spectrum of human cell types and tissues for transplantation, drug discovery, and studying disease mechanisms. Here, we report the stepwise generation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Generation of a primitive streak-like population in embryoid bodies, followed by specification to hematopoiesis and myelopoiesis by vascular endothelial growth factor and hematopoietic cytokines in serum-free media, yielded a precursor population enriched for cells expressing the monocyte-macrophage lineage markers CD14, CD18, CD11b, and CD115. When plated in monolayer culture in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), these precursors formed large, multinucleated osteoclasts that expressed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and were capable of resorption. No tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells or resorption pits were observed in the absence of RANKL. Molecular analyses confirmed the expression of the osteoclast marker genes NFATc1, cathepsin K, and calcitonin receptor in a RANKL-dependent manner, and confocal microscopy demonstrated the coexpression of the alphavbeta3 integrin, cathepsin K and F-actin rings characteristic of active osteoclasts. Generating hematopoietic and osteoclast populations from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells will be invaluable for understanding embryonic bone development and postnatal bone disease.
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Liu YP, Hematti P. Generation of mesenchymal stromal cells from HOXB4-expressing human embryonic stem cells. Cytotherapy 2010; 11:716-25. [PMID: 19878058 DOI: 10.3109/14653240903051566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS HOXB4 transcription factor plays an important role in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. Overexpression of HOXB4 in murine and human embryonic stem cells (ESC) has been used to generate hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) via the embryoid body formation method. METHODS We used FuGENE 6-based transfection of YPL2-HOXB4 vector to generate HOXB4-expressing colonies from human ESC line H9 and investigated the potential of these cells for differentiation into primitive CD34(+) hematopoietic cells, via co-culture methodology with OP9 murine bone marrow stromal cells. Expression of HOXB4 in transfected human ESC colonies and their derivatives was verified using immunocytochemistry and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Utilizing OP9 stromal cell co-culture methodology, we generated CD34(+) cells from HOXB4-expressing H9 human ESC at a frequency similar to, and not higher than, non-transfected human ESC. However, we observed that some colonies of HOXB4-expressing human ESC not co-cultured on OP9 cells, differentiated into mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) while preserving their HOXB4 expression. These HOXB4-expressing MSC expressed CD29, CD73, CD44, CD90, CD105 and HLA-class I, were negative for the expression of CD34, CD45, CD54, CD71, CD106 and HLA-DR, and could be differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes. CONCLUSIONS In our specific experimental system we observed that overexpression of HOXB4 in human ESC did not improve the generation of CD34(+) hematopoietic cells via OP9 co-culture methodology. Furthermore, we could generate MSC from human ESC over-expressing HOXB4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Liu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Kim EM, Zavazava N. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into hematopoietic cells in vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 651:89-101. [PMID: 20686962 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-786-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ability of embryonic stem cells (ES) cells to form cells and tissues from all three germ layers can be exploited to generate cells that can be used to treat diseases. In particular, successful generation of hematopoietic cells from ES cells could provide safer and less immunogenic cells than bone cells, obviating the need for severe host preconditioning when transplanted across major histocompatibility complex barriers. To generate hematopoietic stem cells, protocols utilizing embryoid body (EB)-induced differentiation of human ES (hES) cells have been applied in the authors' laboratory. While this protocol results in targeted differentiation into hematopoietic cells, much remains to be done to improve these methods and make them more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Tseng SY, Nishimoto KP, Silk KM, Majumdar AS, Dawes GN, Waldmann H, Fairchild PJ, Lebkowski JS, Reddy A. Generation of immunogenic dendritic cells from human embryonic stem cells without serum and feeder cells. Regen Med 2009; 4:513-26. [PMID: 19580370 DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have a potential utility for use in the treatment of malignancy. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may provide a more cost-effective and reliable source of DCs for immunotherapy purposes, providing on-demand access for patients. METHOD We developed a protocol to generate DCs from hESCs in vitro in the absence of serum and feeder cells. This protocol uses growth factors bone morphogenetic protein-4, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), stem cell factor and VEGF in serum-free media to generate hESC-derived monocytic cells. These cells are further differentiated to hESC-derived immature DCs with GM-CSF and IL-4, and matured to hESC-derived mature DCs with a maturation cocktail consisting of GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and PGE2. RESULTS This study demonstrates the applicability of our defined differentiation process in generating functional hESC-derived DCs from multiple hESC lines. We show that hESC-derived immature DCs phagocytose, process, and present antigen upon maturation. hESC-derived mature DCs express the maturation marker CD83, produce Th1-directing cytokine IL-12p70, migrate in response to chemokine, and activate both viral and tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses. CONCLUSION We developed a chemically defined system to generate unlimited numbers of DCs from hESCs. Our results demonstrate that hESC-derived DCs generated from this process are immunogenic and have the potential to be used for DC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yi Tseng
- Geron Corporation, 230 Constitution Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Choi KD, Yu J, Smuga-Otto K, Salvagiotto G, Rehrauer W, Vodyanik M, Thomson J, Slukvin I. Hematopoietic and endothelial differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2009; 27:559-67. [PMID: 19259936 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an unprecedented opportunity for modeling of human diseases in vitro, as well as for developing novel approaches for regenerative therapy based on immunologically compatible cells. In this study, we employed an OP9 differentiation system to characterize the hematopoietic and endothelial differentiation potential of seven human iPSC lines obtained from human fetal, neonatal, and adult fibroblasts through reprogramming with POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28 and compared it with the differentiation potential of five human embryonic stem cell lines (hESC, H1, H7, H9, H13, and H14). Similar to hESCs, all iPSCs generated CD34(+)CD43(+) hematopoietic progenitors and CD31(+)CD43(-) endothelial cells in coculture with OP9. When cultured in semisolid media in the presence of hematopoietic growth factors, iPSC-derived primitive blood cells formed all types of hematopoietic colonies, including GEMM colony-forming cells. Human induced pluripotent cells (hiPSCs)-derived CD43(+) cells could be separated into the following phenotypically defined subsets of primitive hematopoietic cells: CD43(+)CD235a(+)CD41a(+/-) (erythro-megakaryopoietic), lin(-)CD34(+)CD43(+)CD45(-) (multipotent), and lin(-)CD34(+)CD43(+)CD45(+) (myeloid-skewed) cells. Although we observed some variations in the efficiency of hematopoietic differentiation between different hiPSCs, the pattern of differentiation was very similar in all seven tested lines obtained through reprogramming of human fetal, neonatal, or adult fibroblasts with three or four genes. Although several issues remain to be resolved before iPSC-derived blood cells can be administered to humans for therapeutic purposes, patient-specific iPSCs can already be used for characterization of mechanisms of blood diseases and for identification of molecules that can correct affected genetic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Dal Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53715, USA
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