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Balasubramaniam M, Mokhtar AMA. Past and present discovery of the BAFF/APRIL system - A bibliometric study from 1999 to 2023. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111201. [PMID: 38714287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Cytokines from the Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) family are important regulators of both physiological and pathological processes. The discovery of novel TNF ligands and receptors, BAFF and APRIL, have opened up new possibilities for scientists to explore the effect of these cytokines on the human immune system. The role of BAFF/APRIL system in B lymphocytes is particularly important for survival and maintenance of homeostasis. Aberrant expression of the system is associated with various immunological disorders. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the past and present BAFF/APRIL system research development in a bibliometric perspective. To our best knowledge, this is the first ever bibliometric analysis conducted focusing on the BAFF/APRIL system. A total of 1055 relevant documents were retrieved from WoSCC. Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and Biblioshiny of R studio were bibliometric tools used to analyse the scientific literature. From 1999, the annual publications showed an upward trend, with Journal of Immunology being the most productive journal. USA leads the race for BAFF/APRIL system research developments. Pascal Schneider, a senior researcher affiliated with University of Lausanne, Switzerland was recognised as the most productive author and institution in the BAFF/APRIL system research field. The research focus transitioned from focusing on the role of the system in B cell biology, to immunological disorders and finally to development of BAFF/APRIL targeting drugs. Despite several studies elucidating briefly the pathway mechanism of BAFF/APRIL system in B-cell selection, substantial research on the mechanism of action in disease models and T cell activation and development of immunomodulating drugs from natural origins remains largely unexplored. Therefore, future research focusing on these areas are crucial for the deeper understanding of the system in disease manifestations and progression allowing a better treatment management for various immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muggunna Balasubramaniam
- Small G protein Research Group, Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia; Green Biopolymer Coating and Packaging Centre, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar
- Small G protein Research Group, Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia; Green Biopolymer Coating and Packaging Centre, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
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Wang C, Lu Y, Yu H, Zhang Y, Savelkoul HFJ, Jansen CA, Liu G. TLR9 mediates IgA production in the porcine small intestine during PEDV infection. Vet Microbiol 2024; 293:110096. [PMID: 38636174 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
IgA plays a vital role in defending against the infectious pathogens. However, the specific regulatory pathways involved in IgA secretion in the context of PEDV infection have remained elusive. Therefore, in this study, we explore the molecular mechanisms underlying IgA secretion in response to infection, with a particular focus on PEDV, a devastating enteric virus affecting global swine production. Our investigation begins by examining changes in IgA concentrations in both serum and small intestinal contents following PEDV infection in 2- and 4-week-old pigs. Remarkably, a significant increase in IgA levels in these older pigs post-infection were observed. To delve deeper into the regulatory mechanisms governing IgA secretion in response to PEDV infection, isolated porcine intestinal B cells were co-cultured with monocytes derived DCs (Mo-DCs) in vitro. In the intestinal DC-B cell co-cultures, IgA secretion was found to increase significantly after PEDV infection, as well as upregulating the expression of AID, GLTα and PSTα reflecting isotype switching to IgA. In addition, the expression of TLR9 was upregulated in these cultures, as determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Moreover, our findings extend to in vivo observations, where we detected higher levels of TLR9 expression in the ileum of pig post PEDV infection. Collectively, our results highlight the ability of PEDV to stimulate the generation of IgA, particularly in elder pigs, and identify TLR9 as a critical mediator of IgA production within the porcine intestinal microenvironment during PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yabin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Haoyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
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Doyon-Laliberté K, Aranguren M, Chagnon-Choquet J, Batraville LA, Dagher O, Richard J, Paniconi M, Routy JP, Tremblay C, Quintal MC, Brassard N, Kaufmann DE, Finzi A, Poudrier J, Roger M. Excess BAFF May Impact HIV-1-Specific Antibodies and May Promote Polyclonal Responses Including Those from First-Line Marginal Zone B-Cell Populations. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:25-43. [PMID: 38275663 PMCID: PMC10814910 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that blood levels of B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF) rise relatively to disease progression status in the context of HIV-1 infection. Excess BAFF was concomitant with hyperglobulinemia and the deregulation of blood B-cell populations, notably with increased frequencies of a population sharing characteristics of transitional immature and marginal zone (MZ) B-cells, which we defined as marginal zone precursor-like" (MZp). In HIV-uninfected individuals, MZp present a B-cell regulatory (Breg) profile and function, which are lost in classic-progressors. Moreover, RNASeq analyses of blood MZp from classic-progressors depict a hyperactive state and signs of exhaustion, as well as an interferon signature similar to that observed in autoimmune disorders such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren Syndrome (SS), in which excess BAFF and deregulated MZ populations have also been documented. Based on the above, we hypothesize that excess BAFF may preclude the generation of HIV-1-specific IgG responses and drive polyclonal responses, including those from MZ populations, endowed with polyreactivity/autoreactivity. As such, we show that the quantity of HIV-1-specific IgG varies with disease progression status. In vitro, excess BAFF promotes polyclonal IgM and IgG responses, including those from MZp. RNASeq analyses reveal that blood MZp from classic-progressors are prone to Ig production and preferentially make usage of IGHV genes associated with some HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), but also with autoantibodies, and whose impact in the battle against HIV-1 has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Doyon-Laliberté
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.D.-L.); (M.A.); (J.C.-C.); (L.-A.B.); (O.D.); (J.R.); (C.T.); (N.B.); (D.E.K.); (A.F.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Matheus Aranguren
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.D.-L.); (M.A.); (J.C.-C.); (L.-A.B.); (O.D.); (J.R.); (C.T.); (N.B.); (D.E.K.); (A.F.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Josiane Chagnon-Choquet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.D.-L.); (M.A.); (J.C.-C.); (L.-A.B.); (O.D.); (J.R.); (C.T.); (N.B.); (D.E.K.); (A.F.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Laurie-Anne Batraville
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.D.-L.); (M.A.); (J.C.-C.); (L.-A.B.); (O.D.); (J.R.); (C.T.); (N.B.); (D.E.K.); (A.F.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Olina Dagher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.D.-L.); (M.A.); (J.C.-C.); (L.-A.B.); (O.D.); (J.R.); (C.T.); (N.B.); (D.E.K.); (A.F.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.D.-L.); (M.A.); (J.C.-C.); (L.-A.B.); (O.D.); (J.R.); (C.T.); (N.B.); (D.E.K.); (A.F.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Matteo Paniconi
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.D.-L.); (M.A.); (J.C.-C.); (L.-A.B.); (O.D.); (J.R.); (C.T.); (N.B.); (D.E.K.); (A.F.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Marie-Claude Quintal
- Centre Hospitalier Ste-Justine de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - Nathalie Brassard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.D.-L.); (M.A.); (J.C.-C.); (L.-A.B.); (O.D.); (J.R.); (C.T.); (N.B.); (D.E.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Daniel E. Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.D.-L.); (M.A.); (J.C.-C.); (L.-A.B.); (O.D.); (J.R.); (C.T.); (N.B.); (D.E.K.); (A.F.)
- Département de Médecine de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.D.-L.); (M.A.); (J.C.-C.); (L.-A.B.); (O.D.); (J.R.); (C.T.); (N.B.); (D.E.K.); (A.F.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Johanne Poudrier
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Michel Roger
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (K.D.-L.); (M.A.); (J.C.-C.); (L.-A.B.); (O.D.); (J.R.); (C.T.); (N.B.); (D.E.K.); (A.F.)
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l‘Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
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Yang JH, Scanlon N, Woo W, LaBuzetta JN, Gonzalez C, Broderick L, Doherty T, Riedl M, Dunn-Pirio A. Refractory Status Epilepticus Associated With a Pathogenic Variant in TNFRSF13B. Cureus 2023; 15:e48222. [PMID: 38054159 PMCID: PMC10694393 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare epileptic syndrome characterized by new-onset refractory status epilepticus preceded by a febrile illness. Limited literature exists regarding the relationship between primary immunodeficiencies and immune-mediated epilepsy, and the relationship between new-onset refractory status epilepticus and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is not well-understood. We present a case of a 21-year-old female with a history of recurrent sinus infections, asthma, thrombocytopenia, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, and neonatal seizures who presented with fever and new-onset status epilepticus. She was ultimately diagnosed with a heterozygous variant in TNFRSF13B c.311G>A (p.Cys104Tyr), which encodes for a tumor necrosis factor receptor implicated in CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Yang
- Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
- Pediatric Neurology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Nicholas Scanlon
- Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Wonhee Woo
- Allergy and Immunology, Kaiser Permanente San Jose Medical Center, San Jose, USA
| | | | - Cynthia Gonzalez
- Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Lori Broderick
- Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Taylor Doherty
- Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Marc Riedl
- Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
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Sayin I, Chong AS. Beyond Adaptive Alloreactivity: Contribution of Innate B Cells to Allograft Inflammation and Rejection. Transplantation 2023; 107:98-104. [PMID: 36404414 PMCID: PMC9772142 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Innate B cells are a heterogeneous group of cells that function in maintaining homeostatic levels of circulating natural antibodies and being the first line of defense against infections. Innate B-1 cells and marginal zone B cells may relocate to lymphoid follicles and differentiate into cytokine and antibody-secreting cells in T-independent and T-dependent manners. Although marginal zone B cells are widely described in humans, the presence of B-1 cells is more controversial. Here, we review the basic features of the innate B-cell subsets identified in mice and their equivalent in humans, as well as their potential roles in transplantation. We summarize the findings of Cascalho and colleagues on the unexpected protective role of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B in regulating circulating levels of protective natural immunoglobulin M, and the studies by Zorn and colleagues on the potential pathogenic role for polyreactive innate B cells infiltrating allograft explants. Finally, we discuss our studies that took a transcriptomic approach to identify innate B cells infiltrating kidney allografts with antibody-mediated rejection and to demonstrate that local antigens within the allograft together with inflammation may induce a loss of B-cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sayin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Yazdanpanah N, Rezaei N. Autoimmune disorders associated with common variable immunodeficiency: prediction, diagnosis, and treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:1265-1283. [PMID: 36197300 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2132938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency. Due to the wide spectrum of the CVID manifestations, the differential diagnosis becomes complicated, ends in a diagnostic delay and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Autoimmunity is one of the important complications associated with CVID. While immunoglobulin replacement therapy has considerably decreased the mortality rate in CVID patients, mainly infection-related mortality, other complications such as autoimmunity appeared prevalent and, in some cases, life threatening. AREAS COVERED In this article, genetics, responsible immune defects, autoimmune manifestations in different organs, and the diagnosis and treatment processes in CVID patients are reviewed, after searching the literature about these topics. EXPERT OPINION Considering the many phenotypes of CVID and the fact that it remained undiagnosed until older ages, it is important to include various manifestations of CVID in the differential diagnosis. Due to the different manifestations of CVID, including autoimmune diseases, interdisciplinary collaboration of physicians from different fields is highly recommended, as discussed in the manuscript. Meanwhile, it is important to determine which patients could benefit from genetic diagnostic studies since such studies are not necessary for establishing the diagnosis of CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Yazdanpanah
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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McMillan JKP, O’Donnell P, Chang SP. Pattern recognition receptor ligand-induced differentiation of human transitional B cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273810. [PMID: 36040923 PMCID: PMC9426890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells represent a critical component of the adaptive immune response whose development and differentiation are determined by antigen-dependent and antigen-independent interactions. In this study, we explored the effects of IL-4 and pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) ligands on B cell development and differentiation by investigating their capacity to drive the in vitro maturation of human transitional B cells. In the presence of IL-4, ligands for TLR7/8, TLR9, and NOD1 were effective in driving the in vitro maturation of cord blood transitional B cells into mature, naïve B cells as measured by CD23 expression, ABCB1 transporter activation and upregulation of sIgM and sIgD. In addition, several stimulation conditions, including TLR9 ligand alone, favored an expansion of CD27+ IgM memory B cells. Transitional B cells stimulated with TLR7/8 ligand + IL-4 or TLR9 ligand, with or without IL-4, induced a significant subpopulation of CD23+CD27+ B cells expressing high levels of sIgM and sIgD, a minor B cell subpopulation found in human peripheral blood. These studies illustrate the heterogeneity of the B cell populations induced by cytokine and PRR ligand stimulation. A comparison of transitional and mature, naïve B cells transcriptomes to identify novel genes involved in B cell maturation revealed that mature, naïve B cells were less transcriptionally active than transitional B cells. Nevertheless, a subset of differentially expressed genes in mature, naïve B cells was identified including genes associated with the IL-4 signaling pathway, PI3K signaling in B lymphocytes, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the TNFR superfamily. When transitional B cells were stimulated in vitro with IL-4 and PRR ligands, gene expression was found to be dependent on the nature of the stimulants, suggesting that exposure to these stimulants may alter the developmental fate of transitional B cells. The influence of IL-4 and PRR signaling on transitional B cell maturation illustrates the potential synergy that may be achieved when certain PRR ligands are incorporated as adjuvants in vaccine formulations and presented to developing B cells in the context of an inflammatory cytokine environment. These studies demonstrate the potential of the PRR ligands to drive transitional B cell differentiation in the periphery during infection or vaccination independently of antigen mediated BCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan K. P. McMillan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick O’Donnell
- Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, Hawaii Pacific Health, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Sandra P. Chang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
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Zou YR, Davidson A. Nucleic Acid Sensing and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Danger of Self. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:431-433. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Chromatin–IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and Toll-like receptors,” a pivotal article written by E. A. Leadbetter, I. R. Rifkin, A. M. Hohlbaum, B. C. Beaudette, M. J. Shlomchik and A. Marshak-Rothstein, and published in Nature in 2002. https://www.nature.com/articles/416603a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Rui Zou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Anne Davidson
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
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Marginal Zone B-Cell Populations and Their Regulatory Potential in the Context of HIV and Other Chronic Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063372. [PMID: 35328792 PMCID: PMC8949885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) establishes early and persists beyond antiretroviral therapy (ART). As such, we have shown excess B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in the blood of HIV-infected progressors, as soon as in the acute phase, and despite successful ART. Excess BAFF was associated with deregulation of the B-cell compartment; notably, with increased frequencies of a population sharing features of both transitional immature (TI) and marginal zone (MZ) B-cells, we termed Marginal Zone precursor-like (MZp). We have reported similar observations with HIV-transgenic mice, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected macaques, and more recently, with HIV-infected Beninese commercial sex workers, which suggests that excess BAFF and increased frequencies of MZp B-cells are reliable markers of inflammation in the context of HIV. Importantly, we have recently shown that in healthy individuals, MZps present an important regulatory B-cell (Breg) profile and function. Herein, we wish to review our current knowledge on MZ B-cell populations, especially their Breg status, and that of other B-cell populations sharing similar features. BAFF and its analog A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) are important in shaping the MZ B-cell pool; moreover, the impact that excess BAFF—encountered in the context of HIV and several chronic inflammatory conditions—may exert on MZ B-cell populations, Breg and antibody producing capacities is a threat to the self-integrity of their antibody responses and immune surveillance functions. As such, deregulations of MZ B-cell populations contribute to autoimmune manifestations and the development of MZ lymphomas (MZLs) in the context of HIV and other inflammatory diseases. Therefore, further comprehending the mechanisms regulating MZ B-cell populations and their functions could be beneficial to innovative therapeutic avenues that could be deployed to restore MZ B-cell immune competence in the context of chronic inflammation involving excess BAFF.
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Czaja AJ. Review article: targeting the B cell activation system in autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:902-922. [PMID: 34506662 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B cell activation system, consisting of B cell activating factor and a proliferation-inducing ligand, may have pathogenic effects in autoimmune hepatitis. AIMS To describe the biological actions of the B cell activation system, indicate its possible role in autoimmune diseases, and evaluate its prospects as a therapeutic target in autoimmune hepatitis METHODS: English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. RESULTS The B cell activating factor is crucial for the maturation and survival of B cells, and it can co-stimulate T cell activation, proliferation, and survival. It can also modulate the immune response by inducing interleukin 10 production by regulatory B cells. A proliferation-inducing ligand modulates and diversifies the antibody response by inducing class-switch recombination in B cells. It can also increase the proliferation, survival, and antigen activation of T cells. These immune stimulatory actions can be modulated by inducing proliferation of regulatory T cells. The B cell activation system has been implicated in diverse autoimmune diseases, and therapeutic blockade is a management strategy now being evaluated in autoimmune hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS The B cell activation system has profound effects on B and T cell function in autoimmune diseases. Blockade therapy is being actively evaluated in autoimmune hepatitis. Clarification of the critical pathogenic components of the B cell activation system will improve the targeting, efficacy, and safety of blockade therapy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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Peck AB, Nguyen CQ, Ambrus JL. Upregulated Chemokine and Rho-GTPase Genes Define Immune Cell Emigration into Salivary Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome-Susceptible C57BL/6.NOD- Aec1Aec2 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7176. [PMID: 34281229 PMCID: PMC8267620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse is considered a highly appropriate model of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized primarily as the loss of lacrimal and salivary gland functions. This mouse model, as well as other mouse models of SS, have shown that B lymphocytes are essential for the development and onset of observed clinical manifestations. More recently, studies carried out in the C57BL/6.IL14α transgenic mouse have indicated that the marginal zone B (MZB) cell population is responsible for development of SS disease, reflecting recent observations that MZB cells are present in the salivary glands of SS patients and most likely initiate the subsequent loss of exocrine functions. Although MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo and in vitro, we have carried out an ex vivo investigation that uses temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to profile differentially expressed genes known to be associated with cell migration. Results indicate a temporal upregulation of specific chemokine, chemokine receptor, and Rho-GTPase genes in the salivary glands of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice that correlate with the early appearance of periductal lymphocyte infiltrations. Using the power of transcriptomic analyses to better define the genetic profile of lymphocytic emigration into the salivary glands of SS mice, new insights into the underlying mechanisms of SS disease development and onset begin to come into focus, thereby establishing a foundation for further in-depth and novel investigations of the covert and early overt phases of SS disease at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B. Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Cuong Q. Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
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12
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Elsner RA, Shlomchik MJ. Germinal Center and Extrafollicular B Cell Responses in Vaccination, Immunity, and Autoimmunity. Immunity 2021; 53:1136-1150. [PMID: 33326765 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activated B cells participate in either extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) responses. Canonical responses are composed of a short wave of plasmablasts (PBs) arising from EF sites, followed by GC producing somatically mutated memory B cells (MBC) and long-lived plasma cells. However, somatic hypermutation (SHM) and affinity maturation can take place at both sites, and a substantial fraction of MBC are produced prior to GC formation. Infection responses range from GC responses that persist for months to persistent EF responses with dominant suppression of GCs. Here, we review the current understanding of the functional output of EF and GC responses and the molecular switches promoting them. We discuss the signals that regulate the magnitude and duration of these responses, and outline gaps in knowledge and important areas of inquiry. Understanding such molecular switches will be critical for vaccine development, interpretation of vaccine efficacy and the treatment for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Elsner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA
| | - Mark J Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15216, USA.
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13
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Wang YF, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Zhang H, Wang TY, Cao Y, Morris DL, Sheng Y, Yin X, Zhong SL, Gu X, Lei Y, He J, Wu Q, Shen JJ, Yang J, Lam TH, Lin JH, Mai ZM, Guo M, Tang Y, Chen Y, Song Q, Ban B, Mok CC, Cui Y, Lu L, Shen N, Sham PC, Lau CS, Smith DK, Vyse TJ, Zhang X, Lau YL, Yang W. Identification of 38 novel loci for systemic lupus erythematosus and genetic heterogeneity between ancestral groups. Nat Commun 2021; 12:772. [PMID: 33536424 PMCID: PMC7858632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a worldwide autoimmune disease with high heritability, shows differences in prevalence, severity and age of onset among different ancestral groups. Previous genetic studies have focused more on European populations, which appear to be the least affected. Consequently, the genetic variations that underlie the commonalities, differences and treatment options in SLE among ancestral groups have not been well elucidated. To address this, we undertake a genome-wide association study, increasing the sample size of Chinese populations to the level of existing European studies. Thirty-eight novel SLE-associated loci and incomplete sharing of genetic architecture are identified. In addition to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, nine disease loci show clear ancestral differences and implicate antibody production as a potential mechanism for differences in disease manifestation. Polygenic risk scores perform significantly better when trained on ancestry-matched data sets. These analyses help to reveal the genetic basis for disparities in SLE among ancestral groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Fei Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huoru Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting-You Wang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, USA
| | - Yujie Cao
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David L Morris
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yujun Sheng
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Long Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Lei
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangshan Jane Shen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai-Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Huang Lin
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Mai
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Mengbiao Guo
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanjia Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qin Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, China
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David K Smith
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy J Vyse
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wanling Yang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Increased let-7b-5p is associated with enhanced BAFF-R expression and B cell survival in immune thrombocytopenia. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107393. [PMID: 33529914 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) by producing platelet autoantibodies. Accumulating evidence suggest that microRNA (miRNA) is a critical regulator in B cells. The contribution of miRNA to B cell dysfunction in ITP has not been described. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of miRNA let-7b-5p in B cells of ITP patients and investigate its possible association with B cell function in ITP. METHODS The CD19+ cells were isolated from peripheral mononuclear cells of ITP patients and healthy controls using immunomagnetic microbeads. B cell survival in vitro was evaluated by cell counting. The level of let-7b-5p was quantified by quantitative PCR. The surface expression of B cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R) was detected by flow cytometry. The role of let-7b-5p was examined in isolated B cells by transfecting miRNA mimics or inhibitors. RESULTS The results showed that let-7b-5p in B cells was elevated, and B cell survival was enhanced in ITP patients compared with healthy controls. BAFF and B cell receptor stimulation can induce the expression of let-7b-5p in vitro. Overexpression of let-7b-5p in B cells enhanced the expression of surface BAFF-R and promoted B cell survival. Moreover, let-7b-5p enhanced the phosphorylation of NF-κB2 p100 and upregulated the expression of survival factor Bcl-xL after BAFF induction. CONCLUSION Let-7b-5p is a pro-survival miRNA in B cells and increased let-7b-5p is associated with enhanced surface BAFF-R in ITP.
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15
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Marinkovic D, Marinkovic T. Putative role of marginal zone B cells in pathophysiological processes. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12920. [PMID: 32594535 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of inner integrity of an organism is founded on the proper performance of two immunity branches, innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, it became apparent that subset of splenic B cells named marginal zone B cells (MZB cells) exhibits unique developmental and functional features that bridge these two immunity branches. Strategically positioned at the site where blood and lymph are filtered, MZB cells represent a population of sentinels that rapidly proliferate and differentiate into IgM plasmablast cells when encountered with blood-borne, thymus-independent (TI) Ags. Moreover, MZB cells have intrinsic capability to induce potent CD4+ helper T cell response and cytokine production upon stimulation with soluble antigens. Due to their ability to overcome a time gap prior the establishment of the full adaptive response towards pathogens, MZB cells connect and direct innate and adaptive immunity. An additional interesting characteristic of MZB cells is capacity to function as regulatory cells in autoimmune processes. MZB cells may also contribute to the control of autoimmunity via the induction of tolerance by apoptotic cells. Importantly, in the clear association with inflammation and autoimmunity, MZB cells may transform into MALT lymphoma, representing a concurrence point for the infection, immunity and malignancy. This paper presents an insight into the complex biology of marginal zone B cells and their role in intertwining and directing innate and adaptive immune processes at the physiological and pathological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Marinkovic
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Abstract
The age-associated B cell subset has been the focus of increasing interest over the last decade. These cells have a unique cell surface phenotype and transcriptional signature, and they rely on TLR7 or TLR9 signals in the context of Th1 cytokines for their formation and activation. Most are antigen-experienced memory B cells that arise during responses to microbial infections and are key to pathogen clearance and control. Their increasing prevalence with age contributes to several well-established features of immunosenescence, including reduced B cell genesis and damped immune responses. In addition, they are elevated in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, and in these settings they are enriched for characteristic autoantibody specificities. Together, these features identify age-associated B cells as a subset with pivotal roles in immunological health, disease, and aging. Accordingly, a detailed understanding of their origins, functions, and physiology should make them tractable translational targets in each of these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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17
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Thapa M, Tedesco D, Gumber S, Elrod EJ, Han JH, Kitchens WH, Magliocca JF, Adams AB, Grakoui A. Blockade of BAFF Reshapes the Hepatic B Cell Receptor Repertoire and Attenuates Autoantibody Production in Cholestatic Liver Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3117-3128. [PMID: 32332110 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Defects in biliary transport proteins, MDR3 in humans and Mdr2 in mice, can lead to a spectrum of cholestatic liver disorders. Although B cell disorders and the aberrant Ab production are the leading extrahepatic manifestations of cholestatic liver diseases, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is incompletely understood. Using mice with deficiency of Mdr2 that progressively develop cholestatic liver disease, we investigated the contributions of BAFF to aberrant IgG autoantibody production and hepatic fibrosis. In Mdr2-/- mice, hepatic B lymphocytes constitutively produced IgG during fibrosis progression, which correlated with elevated serum levels of BAFF, antinuclear Abs (ANA) and immune complexes. The elevated BAFF and ANA titers were also detected in human patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and hepatobiliary cholangiopathies. Consistent with the higher BAFF levels, liver-specific selection of the focused BCR IgH repertoire was found on hepatic B cells in Mdr2-/- mice. Interestingly, the administration of anti-BAFF mAb in Mdr2-/- mice altered the BCR repertoire on hepatic B lymphocytes and resulted in reduced ANA and immune complex titers. However, anti-BAFF treatment did not attenuate hepatic fibrosis as measured by collagen deposition, hepatic expressions of collagen-1a, α-smooth muscle actin, and mononuclear cell infiltration (CD11b+ Ly-6chi monocytes and CD11b+ Gr1+ neutrophils). Importantly, depletion of B cells by anti-CD20 mAb reduced both hepatic fibrosis and serum levels of ANA and immune complexes. Our findings implicate B cells as the potential therapeutic targets for hepatic fibrosis and targeting BAFF specifically for attenuating the autoantibody production associated with cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Thapa
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329;
| | - Dana Tedesco
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yerkes Research Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Elizabeth J Elrod
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Jin-Hwan Han
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - William H Kitchens
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329; and
| | - Joseph F Magliocca
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329; and
| | - Andrew B Adams
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329; and
| | - Arash Grakoui
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329; .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329
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18
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Manickam C, Li H, Shah SV, Kroll K, Reeves RK. Non-linear multidimensional flow cytometry analyses delineate NK cell phenotypes in normal and HIV-infected chimpanzees. Int Immunol 2020; 31:175-180. [PMID: 30418531 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are primary immune effector cells with both innate and potentially adaptive functions against viral infections, but commonly become exhausted or dysfunctional during chronic diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Chimpanzees are the closest genetic relatives of humans and have been previously used in immunology, behavior and disease models. Due to their similarities to humans, a better understanding of chimpanzee immunology, particularly innate immune cells, can lend insight into the evolution of human immunology, as well as response to disease. However, the phenotype of NK cells has been poorly defined. In order to define NK cell phenotypes, we unbiasedly quantified NK cell markers among mononuclear cells in both naive and HIV-infected chimpanzees by flow cytometry. We identified NKG2D and NKp46 as the most dominant stable NK cells markers using multidimensional data reduction analyses. Other traditional NK cell markers such as CD8α, CD16 and perforin fluctuated during infection, while some such as CD56, NKG2A and NKp30 were generally unaltered by HIV infection, but did not delineate the full NK cell repertoire. Taken together, these data indicate that phenotypic dysregulation may not be pronounced during HIV infection of chimpanzees, but traditional NK cell phenotyping used for both humans and other non-human primate species may need to be revised to accurately identify chimpanzee NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Haiying Li
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough Campus, Southborough, USA
| | - Spandan V Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Kyle Kroll
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough Campus, Southborough, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
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19
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Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 Mediate the IgA Immune Response Induced by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Infect Immun 2019; 88:IAI.00697-19. [PMID: 31611272 PMCID: PMC6921651 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00697-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA plays an important role in mucosal immunity against infectious pathogens; however, the molecular mechanism of IgA secretion in response to infection remains largely unknown, particularly in Mycoplasma spp. In this study, we found that the levels of IgA in the peripheral blood serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal mucosa, trachea, hilar lymph nodes, and lung tissues of pigs increased significantly after infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. IgA plays an important role in mucosal immunity against infectious pathogens; however, the molecular mechanism of IgA secretion in response to infection remains largely unknown, particularly in Mycoplasma spp. In this study, we found that the levels of IgA in the peripheral blood serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal mucosa, trachea, hilar lymph nodes, and lung tissues of pigs increased significantly after infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Furthermore, IgA and CD11c were detected in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes by immunohistochemical analysis, and colocalization of these two markers indicates that CD11c+ cells play an important role in IgA mucosal immunity induced by M. hyopneumoniae. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of IgA, we separated mouse dendritic cells (DCs) from different tissues and mouse macrophages from the lungs and then cultured mouse B cells together with either DCs or macrophages in vitro. In the mouse lung-DC/B (LDC/B) cell coculture, IgA secretion was increased significantly after the addition of whole-cell lysates of M. hyopneumoniae. The expression of both Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 was also upregulated, as determined by mRNA and protein expression analyses, whereas no obvious change in the expression of TLR3 and TLR7 was detected. Moreover, the IgA level decreased to the same as the control group when TLR2 or TLR4 was inhibited instead of TLR8 or TLR7/9. In conclusion, M. hyopneumoniae can stimulate the response of IgA through TLR2 and TLR4 in a mouse LDC/B cell coculture model, and the coculture model is an ideal tool for studying the IgA response mechanism, particularly that with Mycoplasma spp.
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20
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Jackson SW, Davidson A. BAFF inhibition in SLE-Is tolerance restored? Immunol Rev 2019; 292:102-119. [PMID: 31562657 PMCID: PMC6935406 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The B cell activating factor (BAFF) inhibitor, belimumab, is the first biologic drug approved for the treatment of SLE, and exhibits modest, but durable, efficacy in decreasing disease flares and organ damage. BAFF and its homolog APRIL are TNF-like cytokines that support the survival and differentiation of B cells at distinct developmental stages. BAFF is a crucial survival factor for transitional and mature B cells that acts as rheostat for the maturation of low-affinity autoreactive cells. In addition, BAFF augments innate B cell responses via complex interactions with the B cell receptor (BCR) and Toll like receptor (TLR) pathways. In this manner, BAFF impacts autoreactive B cell activation via extrafollicular pathways and fine tunes affinity selection within germinal centers (GC). Finally, BAFF and APRIL support plasma cell survival, with differential impacts on IgM- and IgG-producing populations. Therapeutically, BAFF and combined BAFF/APRIL inhibition delays disease onset in diverse murine lupus strains, although responsiveness to BAFF inhibition is model dependent, in keeping with heterogeneity in clinical responses to belimumab treatment in humans. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms whereby BAFF/APRIL signals promote autoreactive B cell activation, discuss whether altered selection accounts for therapeutic benefits of BAFF inhibition, and address whether new insights into BAFF/APRIL family complexity can be exploited to improve human lupus treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Davidson
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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21
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Azuma N, Omachi S, Hanazawa W, Morimoto A, Sanjoba C, Matsumoto Y, Fujii W, Goto Y. Variable dependency on BAFF in IgG antibody production during Leishmania infection. Parasitol Int 2019; 74:101997. [PMID: 31626986 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is known as a cytokine responsible for survival and activation of B cells. However, involvement of the molecule in IgG antibody production during infection remains elusive. In this study, dependency of antibody production in Leishmania infection on BAFF was examined by using BAFF-knockout (BAFF-KO) mice. When BAFF-KO mice were infected with L. major, there was no significant difference in lesion development or parasite burden from those in infected wildtype mice. In contrast, levels of IgG antibodies to Leishmania crude antigen were lower in BAFF-KO mice, suggesting that antibody production during L. major infection is BAFF-dependent. ELISA using defined leishmanial antigens demonstrated that the influence of BAFF on antibody production during L. major varies depending on antigens; IgG production to tandem repeat proteins were more affected by BAFF than non-repeat antigens. On the contrary, all of the defined antigens tested were strongly affected by BAFF for IgG antibody production during L. donovani infection. These results suggest degree of BAFF contribution to antibody production during infection is variable depending on the type of infection and even on the type of antigen in a given infection. These results may explain contradictory roles of BAFF in antibody production in previous works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuho Azuma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Omachi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakana Hanazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Morimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Sanjoba
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Manickam C, Shah SV, Nohara J, Ferrari G, Reeves RK. Monkeying Around: Using Non-human Primate Models to Study NK Cell Biology in HIV Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1124. [PMID: 31191520 PMCID: PMC6540610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the major innate effectors primed to eliminate virus-infected and tumor or neoplastic cells. Recent studies also suggest nuances in phenotypic and functional characteristics among NK cell subsets may further permit execution of regulatory and adaptive roles. Animal models, particularly non-human primate (NHP) models, are critical for characterizing NK cell biology in disease and under homeostatic conditions. In HIV infection, NK cells mediate multiple antiviral functions via upregulation of activating receptors, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity through antibody Fc-FcR interaction and others. However, HIV infection can also reciprocally modulate NK cells directly or indirectly, leading to impaired/ineffective NK cell responses. In this review, we will describe multiple aspects of NK cell biology in HIV/SIV infections and their association with viral control and disease progression, and how NHP models were critical in detailing each finding. Further, we will discuss the effect of NK cell depletion in SIV-infected NHP and the characteristics of newly described memory NK cells in NHP models and different mouse strains. Overall, we propose that the role of NK cells in controlling viral infections remains incompletely understood and that NHP models are indispensable in order to efficiently address these deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Spandan V. Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Junsuke Nohara
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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23
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Carrillo-Ballesteros FJ, Oregon-Romero E, Franco-Topete RA, Govea-Camacho LH, Cruz A, Muñoz-Valle JF, Bustos-Rodríguez FJ, Pereira-Suárez AL, Palafox-Sánchez CA. B-cell activating factor receptor expression is associated with germinal center B-cell maintenance. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2053-2060. [PMID: 30783477 PMCID: PMC6364250 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a major cytokine that regulates B-cell survival, maturation and differentiation through its binding with its receptors: BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). These receptors have been demonstrated to be involved in tertiary lymphoid structure formation; however, their role in germinal centers (GCs) has remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression profiles of BAFF and its receptors in secondary lymphoid tissues. Tonsils resected due to chronic tonsillitis were used as lymphoid tissues. To confirm the presence of GCs identified based on their typical structure, CD21 antibody staining was employed. The expression of BAFF, BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA was assessed by immunohistochemistry. BAFF was highly expressed in all regions of the follicle, but the highest BAFF expression was detected in the mantle zone (MZ). A high expression of BAFF-R was observed on lymphocytes in the MZ in comparison with the other regions (~80%; P<0.05), which was co-localizated with BAFF (r=0.646; P<0.001), in the MZ. TACI and BCMA exhibited similar expression among the different zones of the GCs, and co-localization with BAFF was observed inside the follicle, mainly in the dark zone. The present results indicate that BAFF is implicated in the maintenance of GCs. BAFF-R overexpression in the MZ, co-localizated with BAFF, suggests that these proteins constitute the principal pathway for the maintenance of the naïve B-cell population. Furthermore, TACI and BCMA have a role in the GC, where processes of B-cell selection, proliferation and differentiation into immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Josué Carrillo-Ballesteros
- Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Ramon Antonio Franco-Topete
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Luis Humberto Govea-Camacho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Felipe Jesús Bustos-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez
- Department of Physiology, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
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24
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Khoenkhoen S, Erikson E, Ádori M, Stark JM, Scholz JL, Cancro MP, Pedersen GK, Karlsson Hedestam GB. TACI expression and plasma cell differentiation are impaired in the absence of functional IκBNS. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:485-497. [PMID: 30597621 PMCID: PMC6850186 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired classical NF‐κB pathway signaling causes reduced antibody responses to T‐independent (TI) antigens. We investigated the potential reasons for defective TI responses in mice lacking the atypical inhibitory kappa B (IκB) protein of the NF‐κB pathway, IκBNS. Analyses of the plasma cell compartment in vitro and in vivo after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed significant decreases in the frequencies of plasma cells in the absence of IκBNS. In vitro activation of B cells via the B cell receptor or via Toll‐like receptor 4 revealed that early activation events were unaffected in IκBNS‐deficient B cells, while proliferation was reduced compared to in similarly stimulated wildtype (wt) B cells. IκBNS‐deficient B cells also displayed impaired upregulation of the transmembrane activator and calcium modulator cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), which is essential for TI responses, and decreased sensitivity to TACI ligands upon stimulation. Furthermore, IκBNS‐deficient B cells, in contrast to wt B cells, displayed altered expression of IRF4, Blimp‐1 and Pax5 upon LPS‐induced differentiation, indicating impaired transcriptional regulation of plasma cell generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharesta Khoenkhoen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elina Erikson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Ádori
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian M Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean L Scholz
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Cancro
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Du SW, Jacobs HM, Arkatkar T, Rawlings DJ, Jackson SW. Integrated B Cell, Toll-like, and BAFF Receptor Signals Promote Autoantibody Production by Transitional B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3258-3268. [PMID: 30373855 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The B cell survival cytokine BAFF has been linked with the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). BAFF binds distinct BAFF-family surface receptors, including the BAFF-R and transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI). Although originally characterized as a negative regulator of B cell activation, TACI signals are critical for class-switched autoantibody (autoAb) production in BAFF transgenic mice. Consistent with this finding, a subset of transitional splenic B cells upregulate surface TACI expression and contribute to BAFF-driven autoAb. In the current study, we interrogated the B cell signals required for transitional B cell TACI expression and Ab production. Surprisingly, despite established roles for dual BCR and TLR signals in autoAb production in SLE, signals downstream of these receptors exerted distinct impacts on transitional B cell TACI expression and autoAb titers. Whereas loss of BCR signals prevented transitional B cell TACI expression and resulted in loss of serum autoAb across all Ig isotypes, lack of TLR signals exerted a more limited impact restricted to autoAb class-switch recombination without altering transitional B cell TACI expression. Finally, in parallel with the protective effect of TACI deletion, loss of BAFF-R signaling also protected against BAFF-driven autoimmunity. Together, these findings highlight how multiple signaling pathways integrate to promote class-switched autoAb production by transitional B cells, events that likely impact the pathogenesis of SLE and other BAFF-dependent autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Du
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Holly M Jacobs
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Tanvi Arkatkar
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; .,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109; and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105
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26
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Alperi-López M, López P, Ballina-García FJ, Suárez A. Profiling of B-Cell Factors and Their Decoy Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association With Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2351. [PMID: 30369929 PMCID: PMC6194314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: B-cell activation is pivotal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and represents a relevant therapeutic target. The main aim of this study was to characterize the profiles of B-cell factors and their decoy receptors in RA and evaluate their clinical relevance. Methods: sBLyS, sAPRIL, sBCMA, sTACI, sBLyS-R, and several cytokines' serum levels were measured by immunoassays in 104 RA patients and 33 healthy controls (HC). An additional group of 42 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients were enrolled as disease controls. Whole blood IFI44, IFI44L, IFI6, and MX1 gene expression was measured and averaged into an IFN-score. BLyS membrane expression (mBLyS) was assessed on blood cell subsets by flow cytometry. Results: increased sAPRIL and sBCMA levels were found in RA, whereas BLyS was elevated in very early RA (VERA). No differences were observed for sTACI and sBLyS-R. An increased sBLyS/sBLyS-R ratio was associated with poor clinical outcome at 6 and 12 months in VERA, whereas a positive association with disease activity was observed in established disease. Increased mBLyS expression was found on monocytes, mDCs, neutrophils and B-cells in RA, to a similar extent that in SLE patients. Cluster analysis identified a specific B-cell factors profile overrepresented in RA and associated with autoantibodies, elevated proinflammatory cytokines (IFNα, MIP1α, TNFα, IL-37, and GM-CSF) and increased type-I IFN signature. Increasing sBCMA and sBLyS serum levels upon treatment and mBLyS expression at baseline on monocytes and mDCs, but not B-cells, were associated with poor clinical outcome upon TNFα-blockade. Conclusions: profound and complex alterations of soluble and membrane-bound B-cell factors are observed in RA associated with clinical outcomes, thus supporting its applicability to guide patient stratification along disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alperi-López
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia López
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ballina-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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27
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Huang W, Quach TD, Dascalu C, Liu Z, Leung T, Byrne-Steele M, Pan W, Yang Q, Han J, Lesser M, Rothstein TL, Furie R, Mackay M, Aranow C, Davidson A. Belimumab promotes negative selection of activated autoreactive B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122525. [PMID: 30185675 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Belimumab has therapeutic benefit in active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially in patients with high-titer anti-dsDNA antibodies. We asked whether the profound B cell loss in belimumab-treated SLE patients is accompanied by shifts in the immunoglobulin repertoire. We enrolled 15 patients who had been continuously treated with belimumab for more than 7 years, 17 matched controls, and 5 patients who were studied before and after drug initiation. VH genes of sort-purified mature B cells and plasmablasts were subjected to next-generation sequencing. We found that B cell-activating factor (BAFF) regulates the transitional B cell checkpoint, with conservation of transitional 1 (T1) cells and approximately 90% loss of T3 and naive B cells after chronic belimumab treatment. Class-switched memory B cells, B1 B cells, and plasmablasts were also substantially depleted. Next-generation sequencing revealed no redistribution of VH, DH, or JH family usage and no effect of belimumab on representation of the autoreactive VH4-34 gene or CDR3 composition in unmutated IgM sequences, suggesting a minimal effect on selection of the naive B cell repertoire. Interestingly, a significantly greater loss of VH4-34 was observed among mutated IgM and plasmablast sequences in chronic belimumab-treated subjects than in controls, suggesting that belimumab promotes negative selection of activated autoreactive B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Huang
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and
| | - Tam D Quach
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and
| | - Cosmin Dascalu
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and
| | - Zheng Liu
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and
| | - Tungming Leung
- Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Wenjing Pan
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Qunying Yang
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Jian Han
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin Lesser
- Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas L Rothstein
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard Furie
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Meggan Mackay
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Cynthia Aranow
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Anne Davidson
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
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28
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MANICKAM C, NWANZE C, RAM DR, SHAH SV, SMITH S, JONES R, HUEBER B, KROLL K, VARNER V, GOEPFERT P, JOST S, REEVES RK. Progressive lentivirus infection induces natural killer cell receptor-expressing B cells in the gastrointestinal tract. AIDS 2018; 32:1571-1578. [PMID: 29734222 PMCID: PMC6043388 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, a seemingly novel innate immune cell subset bearing features of natural killer and B cells was identified in mice. So-called NKB cells appear as first responders to infections, but whether this cell population is truly novel or is in fact a subpopulation of B cells and exists in higher primates remains unclear. The objective of this study was to identify NKB cells in primates and study the impact of HIV/SIV infections. DESIGN AND METHODS NKB cells were quantified in both naive and lentivirus infected rhesus macaques and humans by excluding lineage markers (CD3, CD127) and positive Boolean gating for CD20, NKG2A/C and/or NKp46. Additional phenotypic measures were conducted by RNA-probe and traditional flow cytometry. RESULTS Circulating cytotoxic NKB cells were found at similar frequencies in humans and rhesus macaques (range, 0.01-0.2% of total lymphocytes). NKB cells were notably enriched in spleen (median, 0.4% of lymphocytes), but were otherwise systemically distributed in tonsil, lymph nodes, colon, and jejunum. Expression of immunoglobulin was highly variable, but heavily favoured IgM and IgA rather than IgG. Interestingly, NKB cell frequencies expanded in PBMC and colon during SIV infection, as did IgG expression, but were generally unaltered in HIV-infected humans. CONCLUSION These results suggest a cell type expressing both natural killer and B-cell features exists in rhesus macaques and humans and are perturbed by HIV/SIV infection. The full functional niche remains unknown, but the unique phenotype and systemic distribution could make NKB cells unique targets for immunotherapeutics or vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia MANICKAM
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chiadika NWANZE
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel R. RAM
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Spandan V. SHAH
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott SMITH
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rhianna JONES
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brady HUEBER
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle KROLL
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerie VARNER
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul GOEPFERT
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephanie JOST
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R. Keith REEVES
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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29
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Arkatkar T, Jacobs HM, Du SW, Li QZ, Hudkins KL, Alpers CE, Rawlings DJ, Jackson SW. TACI deletion protects against progressive murine lupus nephritis induced by BAFF overexpression. Kidney Int 2018; 94:728-740. [PMID: 29907458 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
B cells are known to promote the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) via the production of pathogenic anti-nuclear antibodies. However, the signals required for autoreactive B cell activation and the immune mechanisms whereby B cells impact lupus nephritis pathology remain poorly understood. The B cell survival cytokine B cell activating factor of the TNF Family (BAFF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE and lupus nephritis in both animal models and human clinical studies. Although the BAFF receptor has been predicted to be the primary BAFF family receptor responsible for BAFF-driven humoral autoimmunity, in the current study we identify a critical role for signals downstream of Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor (TACI) in BAFF-dependent lupus nephritis. Whereas transgenic mice overexpressing BAFF develop progressive membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, albuminuria and renal dysfunction, TACI deletion in BAFF-transgenic mice provided long-term (about 1 year) protection from renal disease. Surprisingly, disease protection in this context was not explained by complete loss of glomerular immune complex deposits. Rather, TACI deletion specifically reduced endocapillary, but not mesangial, immune deposits. Notably, although excess BAFF promoted widespread breaks in B cell tolerance, BAFF-transgenic antibodies were enriched for RNA- relative to DNA-associated autoantigen reactivity. These RNA-associated autoantibody specificities were specifically reduced by TACI or Toll-like receptor 7 deletion. Thus, our study provides important insights into the autoantibody specificities driving proliferative lupus nephritis, and suggests that TACI inhibition may be novel and effective treatment strategy in lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Arkatkar
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holly M Jacobs
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Samuel W Du
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly L Hudkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Charles E Alpers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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30
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Liu Y, Zhan F, Zhang X, Lin S. Toll-like receptor-9 is involved in the development of B cell stimulating factor-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:585-591. [PMID: 29387207 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 in B lymphocyte stimulating factor (BLyS)-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice. The anti-double stranded (ds)DNA antibody titer, levels of complement proteins (C3 and C4), interleukin (IL)-10 and the disease activity [assessed by the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level] were measured. A total of 21 transgenic female mice (aged 8-10 weeks and weighing 30-40 g) expressing the Epstein-Barr virus membrane antigen, BLLF1, were studied. Mice were randomly divided into the control, the BLyS inhibition and the TLR-9 inhibition groups, with 7 mice in each group. Mice in the blank control group received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline, mice in the BLyS inhibition group received intraperitoneal injections of anti-BR3 monoclonal antibody (5,000 ng/day) and mice in the TLR-9 inhibition group received intraperitoneal injections of anti-human TLR-9 antibody (250 ng/day). The treatment regimens continued for 10 days, followed by the collection of peripheral venous blood. The relative levels of TLR-9 mRNA were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the BLyS protein concentration and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA. TLR-9 mRNA, BLyS, IL-10, anti-dsDNA antibody titer, C3, C4, ESR and CRP levels of the blank control group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups (P<0.05). The differences in comparison of these indexes between the BLyS inhibition and TLR-9 inhibition groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05), with the exception of TLR-9 mRNA and BLyS. In conclusion, the TLR-9 signaling pathway may be important for BLyS-induced SLE, and regulation of the inflammatory immune level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shudian Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570000, P.R. China
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31
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Liu CC, Wang SC, Kao CW, Hsieh RK, Chang MC, Chang YF, Lim KH, Chen CG. B cells facilitate platelet production mediated by cytokines in patients with essential thrombocythaemia. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:537-50. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-11-0949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SummaryWe investigated the role of activated B cells in thrombopoiesis through the production of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 in patients with essential thrombocythaemia. The number of B cells did not differ between essential thrombocythaemia patients, irrespective of the presence of Janus activated kinase-2 V617F mutation or wild type, and age-matched healthy adults. However, the number of IL-1beta/IL- 6-producing B cells was significantly higher in essential thrombocythaemia patients than that in healthy controls. The relatively high level of IL-1beta/IL-6 production by B cells was associated with serum B cell-activating factor and expression of Toll-like receptor 4 on B cells. A high level of B cell-activating factor was present in essential thrombocythaemia patients with both Janus activated kinase-2 genotypes. Incubation with B cell-activating factor enhanced the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 on B cells. IL-1beta and IL-6 production was not stimulated by B cell-activating factor alone; Toll-like receptor 4 was activated by lipopolysaccharide or patients’ sera to produce IL-1beta and IL-6 in B cells. Moreover, essential thrombocythaemia patient B cells facilitated megakaryocyte differentiation when co-cultured with CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells. Antibody neutralisation of IL-1beta and IL-6 attenuated megakaryocyte differentiation. These data suggest that B cells play a crucial role in thrombopoiesis in essential thrombocythaemia patients.
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Abstract
The two ligands B cell-activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and the three receptors BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) are members of the "BAFF system molecules." BAFF system molecules are primarily involved in B cell homeostasis. The relevance of BAFF system molecules in host responses to microbial assaults has been investigated in clinical studies and in mice deficient for each of these molecules. Many microbial products modulate the expression of these molecules. Data from clinical studies suggest a correlation between increased expression levels of BAFF system molecules and elevated B cell responses. Depending on the pathogen, heightened B cell responses may strengthen the host response or promote susceptibility. Whereas pathogen-mediated increases in the expression levels of the ligands and/or the receptors appear to promote microbial clearance, certain pathogens have evolved to ablate B cell responses by suppressing the expression of TACI and/or BAFF-R on B cells. Other than its well-established role in B cell responses, the TACI-mediated activation of macrophages is also implicated in resistance to intracellular pathogens. An improved understanding of the role that BAFF system molecules play in infection may assist in devising novel strategies for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Sakai
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mustafa Akkoyunlu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Weir GM, Karkada M, Hoskin D, Stanford MM, MacDonald L, Mansour M, Liwski RS. Combination of poly I:C and Pam3CSK4 enhances activation of B cells in vitro and boosts antibody responses to protein vaccines in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180073. [PMID: 28662082 PMCID: PMC5491120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines that can rapidly induce strong and robust antibody-mediated immunity could improve protection from certain infectious diseases for which current vaccine formulations are inefficient. For indications such as anthrax and influenza, antibody production in vivo is a correlate of efficacy. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are frequently studied for their role as vaccine adjuvants, largely because of their ability to enhance initiation of immune responses to antigens by activating dendritic cells. However, TLRs are also expressed on B cells and may contribute to effective B cell activation and promote differentiation into antigen-specific antibody producing plasma cells in vivo. We sought to discover an adjuvant system that could be used to augment antibody responses to influenza and anthrax vaccines. We first characterized an adjuvant system in vitro which consisted of two TLR ligands, poly I:C (TLR3) and Pam3CSK4 (TLR2), by evaluating its effects on B cell activation. Each agonist enhanced B cell activation through increased expression of surface receptors, cytokine secretion and proliferation. However, when B cells were stimulated with poly I:C and Pam3CSK4 in combination, further enhancement to cell activation was observed. Using B cells isolated from knockout mice we confirmed that poly I:C and Pam3CSK4 were signaling through TLR3 and TLR2, respectively. B cells activated with Poly I:C and Pam3CSK4 displayed enhanced capacity to stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T cell activation and differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells in vitro. Mice vaccinated with influenza or anthrax antigens formulated with poly I:C and Pam3CSK4 in DepoVax™ vaccine platform developed a rapid and strong antigen-specific serum antibody titer that persisted for at least 12 weeks after a single immunization. These results demonstrate that combinations of TLR adjuvants promote more effective B cell activation in vitro and can be used to augment antibody responses to vaccines in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M. Weir
- Research & Development, Immunovaccine Inc, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohan Karkada
- Research & Development, Immunovaccine Inc, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David Hoskin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marianne M. Stanford
- Research & Development, Immunovaccine Inc, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lisa MacDonald
- Research & Development, Immunovaccine Inc, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marc Mansour
- Research & Development, Immunovaccine Inc, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert S. Liwski
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Soleto I, Abós B, Castro R, González L, Tafalla C, Granja AG. The BAFF / APRIL axis plays an important role in virus-induced peritoneal responses in rainbow trout. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:210-217. [PMID: 28302579 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
IgM+ B cells have been recently demonstrated to be key regulators of peritoneal inflammation in teleost, as a large number of them occupy the peritoneal cavity after 48 h of antigenic stimulation. Despite this, the number of studies addressing the mechanism through which this cell population expands and differentiates in response to stimuli has been scarcely addressed. Because the BAFF/APRIL axis is known to play a major role in B cell survival and differentiation in mammals, we hypothesized that it could be affected in the peritoneal cavity in response to an inflammatory stimulus. To verify this hypothesis, we studied how BAFF, APRIL and the fish-specific related cytokine BALM as well as their putative receptors are regulated in rainbow trout after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). When the transcriptional analysis was performed in total cells from the peritoneum, we observed that VHSV provoked an up-regulation of both BAFF and BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) mRNA levels. However, when we examined how isolated peritoneal IgM+ B cells were transcriptionally affected by VHSV i.p. injection, we found that APRIL, BALM and the transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) were also up-regulated in response to the virus. IgM- cells, on the other hand, only up-regulated BALM transcription in response to VHSV. Finally, to gain further insight on the role that these cytokines play in the peritoneum, we have studied their effect on the survival of peritoneal IgM+ B cells. This work demonstrates a key role for the BAFF/APRIL axis in the peritoneal inflammatory response and contributes to further understanding how IgM+ B cells are regulated at this specific peripheral site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Soleto
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Abós
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia González
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aitor G Granja
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain.
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Parackova Z, Klocperk A, Rataj M, Kayserova J, Zentsova I, Sumnik Z, Kolouskova S, Sklenarova J, Pruhova S, Obermannova B, Petruzelkova L, Lebl J, Kalina T, Sediva A. Alteration of B cell subsets and the receptor for B cell activating factor (BAFF) in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Immunol Lett 2017; 189:94-100. [PMID: 28414179 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lately, mounting evidence has shown that B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we present alterations in B cell subsets including BAFF receptor (BAFFR) expression in cohorts of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their relatives. PATIENTS AND METHODS B cells were studied in 438 patients with T1D (158 at disease onset and 280 with long-term disease), 136 first-degree relatives and 53 healthy controls. The B cell panel included transitional, naïve, MZ-like, switched memory B cells and plasmablasts. We also measured serum BAFF levels as well as BAFFR expression on both B and T cells. Moreover, the effect of BAFF on T and B lymphocytes was analysed in vitro. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in the proportion of transitional B cells in the patients with T1D, accompanied by an increased proportion of plasmablasts, especially in recent-onset patients and their relatives. While the BAFF serum levels did not differ in the patients with T1D, BAFFR-expressing B and especially T cell numbers were reduced in the T1D cohort, with the exception of patients with recent-onset disease who exhibited a significant increase in the number of BAFFR-expressing T cells. T cell activation and B cell proliferation were more pronounced after activation with BAFF in the T1D cohort compared to controls. CONCLUSION The B cell panel in patients with T1D is characterized by significantly reduced populations of B cells in their early stages of development with a shift towards plasma cells. The dynamics of BAFFR-expressing B and T cells and the more pronounced responsiveness of the T1D T cells to BAFF point to the role of BAFF and T and B cell cooperation in the development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Parackova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Klocperk
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Rataj
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Kayserova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Zentsova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislava Kolouskova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Sklenarova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Obermannova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Petruzelkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Lebl
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Kalina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Sindhava VJ, Oropallo MA, Moody K, Naradikian M, Higdon LE, Zhou L, Myles A, Green N, Nündel K, Stohl W, Schmidt AM, Cao W, Dorta-Estremera S, Kambayashi T, Marshak-Rothstein A, Cancro MP. A TLR9-dependent checkpoint governs B cell responses to DNA-containing antigens. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1651-1663. [PMID: 28346226 DOI: 10.1172/jci89931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature B cell pools retain a substantial proportion of polyreactive and self-reactive clonotypes, suggesting that activation checkpoints exist to reduce the initiation of autoreactive B cell responses. Here, we have described a relationship among the B cell receptor (BCR), TLR9, and cytokine signals that regulate B cell responses to DNA-containing antigens. In both mouse and human B cells, BCR ligands that deliver a TLR9 agonist induce an initial proliferative burst that is followed by apoptotic death. The latter mechanism involves p38-dependent G1 cell-cycle arrest and subsequent intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis and is shared by all preimmune murine B cell subsets and CD27- human B cells. Survival or costimulatory signals rescue B cells from this fate, but the outcome varies depending on the signals involved. B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) engenders survival and antibody secretion, whereas CD40 costimulation with IL-21 or IFN-γ promotes a T-bet+ B cell phenotype. Finally, in vivo immunization studies revealed that when protein antigens are conjugated with DNA, the humoral immune response is blunted and acquires features associated with T-bet+ B cell differentiation. We propose that this mechanism integrating BCR, TLR9, and cytokine signals provides a peripheral checkpoint for DNA-containing antigens that, if circumvented by survival and differentiative cues, yields B cells with the autoimmune-associated T-bet+ phenotype.
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37
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Characterization of BAFF and APRIL subfamily receptors in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Potential role of the BAFF / APRIL axis in the pathogenesis of proliferative kidney disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174249. [PMID: 28323891 PMCID: PMC5360319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is a parasitic infection of salmonid fish characterized by hyper-secretion of immunoglobulins in response to the presence of the myxozoan parasite, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. In this context, we hypothesized that the BAFF/APRIL axis, known to play a major role in B cell differentiation and survival in mammals, could be affected by the parasite and consequently be involved in the apparent shift in normal B cell activity. To regulate B cell activity, BAFF and APRIL bind to transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), whereas BAFF also binds to BAFF receptor (BAFF-R). In teleost fish, although some BAFF and APRIL sequences have been reported, their receptors have not been identified. Thus, as a first step in the current work, we have identified homologues to mammalian TACI, BCMA and BAFF-R in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), that constitute the first report of BAFF and APRIL receptor sequences in fish. Subsequently we studied the transcriptional modulation of BAFF, APRIL, and the fish-specific related cytokine, BALM and their putative receptors in fish naturally exposed to T. bryosalmonae. Finally, to gain further insights on the functional role that these cytokines play during the course of PKD, we have studied their effect on the survival of kidney IgM+ B cells and on immunoglobulin transcription. Our results support the premise that the BAFF / APRIL axis could play an important role during PKD, which may open the possibility of new therapeutic treatments against the disease.
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38
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Smulski CR, Kury P, Seidel LM, Staiger HS, Edinger AK, Willen L, Seidl M, Hess H, Salzer U, Rolink AG, Rizzi M, Schneider P, Eibel H. BAFF- and TACI-Dependent Processing of BAFFR by ADAM Proteases Regulates the Survival of B Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2189-2202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Lee P, Zhu Z, Hachmann J, Nojima T, Kitamura D, Salvesen G, Rickert RC. Differing Requirements for MALT1 Function in Peripheral B Cell Survival and Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1066-1080. [PMID: 28031341 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During a T cell-dependent immune response, formation of the germinal center (GC) is essential for the generation of high-affinity plasma cells and memory B cells. The canonical NF-κB pathway has been implicated in the initiation of GC reaction, and defects in this pathway have been linked to immune deficiencies. The paracaspase MALT1 plays an important role in regulating NF-κB activation upon triggering of Ag receptors. Although previous studies have reported that MALT1 deficiency abrogates the GC response, the relative contribution of B cells and T cells to the defective phenotype remains unclear. We used chimeric mouse models to demonstrate that MALT1 function is required in B cells for GC formation. This role is restricted to BCR signaling where MALT1 is critical for B cell proliferation and survival. Moreover, the proapoptotic signal transmitted in the absence of MALT1 is dominant to the prosurvival effects of T cell-derived stimuli. In addition to GC B cell differentiation, MALT1 is required for plasma cell differentiation, but not mitogenic responses. Lastly, we show that ectopic expression of Bcl-2 can partially rescue the GC phenotype in MALT1-deficient animals by prolonging the lifespan of BCR-activated B cells, but plasma cell differentiation and Ab production remain defective. Thus, our data uncover previously unappreciated aspects of MALT1 function in B cells and highlight its importance in humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zilu Zhu
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Janna Hachmann
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Takuya Nojima
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Guy Salvesen
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Robert C Rickert
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
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Cruz-Adalia A, Veiga E. Close Encounters of Lymphoid Cells and Bacteria. Front Immunol 2016; 7:405. [PMID: 27774092 PMCID: PMC5053978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During infections, the first reaction of the host against microbial pathogens is carried out by innate immune cells, which recognize conserved structures on pathogens, called pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Afterward, some of these innate cells can phagocytose and destroy the pathogens, secreting cytokines that would modulate the immune response to the challenge. This rapid response is normally followed by the adaptive immunity, more specific and essential for a complete pathogen clearance in many cases. Some innate immune cells, usually named antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages or dendritic cells, are able to process internalized invaders and present their antigens to lymphocytes, triggering the adaptive immune response. Nevertheless, the traditional boundary of separated roles between innate and adaptive immunity has been blurred by several studies, showing that very specialized populations of lymphocytes (cells of the adaptive immunity) behave similarly to cells of the innate immunity. These “innate-like” lymphocytes include γδ T cells, invariant NKT cells, B-1 cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, marginal zone B cells, and innate response activator cells, and together with the newly described innate lymphoid cells are able to rapidly respond to bacterial infections. Strikingly, our recent data suggest that conventional CD4+ T cells, the paradigm of cells of the adaptive immunity, also present innate-like behavior, capturing bacteria in a process called transinfection. Transinfected CD4+ T cells digest internalized bacteria like professional phagocytes and secrete large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, protecting for further bacterial challenges. In the present review, we will focus on the data showing such innate-like behavior of lymphocytes following bacteria encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranzazu Cruz-Adalia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Científicas (CNB-CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Esteban Veiga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones, Científicas (CNB-CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
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Korovkina ES, Kazharova SV. THE TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS ROLE IN INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE BRONCHOPULMONARY SYSTEM PATHOGENESIS. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2016. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2016-2-109-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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42
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Jacobs HM, Thouvenel CD, Leach S, Arkatkar T, Metzler G, Scharping NE, Kolhatkar NS, Rawlings DJ, Jackson SW. Cutting Edge: BAFF Promotes Autoantibody Production via TACI-Dependent Activation of Transitional B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3525-31. [PMID: 27022196 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mice overexpressing B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) develop systemic autoimmunity characterized by class-switched anti-nuclear Abs. Transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) signals are critical for BAFF-mediated autoimmunity, but the B cell developmental subsets undergoing TACI-dependent activation in settings of excess BAFF remain unclear. We report that, although surface TACI expression is usually limited to mature B cells, excess BAFF promotes the expansion of TACI-expressing transitional B cells. TACI(+) transitional cells from BAFF-transgenic mice are characterized by an activated, cycling phenotype, and the TACI(+) cell subset is specifically enriched for autoreactivity, expresses activation-induced cytidine deaminase and T-bet, and exhibits evidence of somatic hypermutation. Consistent with a potential contribution to BAFF-mediated humoral autoimmunity, TACI(+) transitional B cells from BAFF-transgenic mice spontaneously produce class-switched autoantibodies ex vivo. These combined findings highlight a novel mechanism through which BAFF promotes humoral autoimmunity via direct, TACI-dependent activation of transitional B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Jacobs
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | | | - Sarah Leach
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Tanvi Arkatkar
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Genita Metzler
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | | | - Nikita S Kolhatkar
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
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43
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Min YN, Wang CY, Li XX, Hou Y, Qiu JH, Ma J, Shao LL, Zhang X, Wang YW, Peng J, Hou M, Shi Y. Participation of B-cell-activating factor receptors in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:559-71. [PMID: 26749059 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: Dysfunctional B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) system is related to many autoimmune diseases. The regulatory functions of BAFF/BAFF receptors were investigated in an in vitro coculture system. Different regulatory roles of BAFF were investigated via different receptors in immune thrombocytopenia. The upregulated BAFF receptors on autoreactive lymphocytes lead to their hypersensitivity to BAFF. SUMMARY BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains enigmatic. B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) and its receptors (BAFF receptor [BAFF-R], transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor [TACI], and B-cell maturation antigen) play central roles in the integrated homeostatic regulation of lymphocytes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the pathologic roles of BAFF receptors in regulating the bioactivities of lymphocytes in ITP. METHODS An in vitro culture system was established by stimulating CD14(-) peripheral lymphocytes with platelet-preloaded dendritic cells in the presence of recombinant human BAFF (rhBAFF; 20 ng mL(-1)). The functions of BAFF receptors were specifically blocked with blocking antibodies. RESULTS BAFF-R, besides prolonging the survival of B cells in both patients and healthy controls, prominently promoted the survival of CD8(+) T cells and the proliferation of B cells in patients with ITP. TACI, as a positive regulator, not only promoted the proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, but also significantly enhanced the secretion of interleukin-4 in patients with ITP, but not in controls. Besides revealing the pathologic roles of BAFF receptors, these results also indicate that lymphocytes of patients with ITP have enhanced antiapoptotic or proliferative capacity as compared with those from healthy controls when exposed under similar stimulation of rhBAFF. Further study demonstrated that activated autoreactive B cells and CD4(+) T cells from patients with ITP showed significantly higher expression of BAFF-R or TACI than those from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Both BAFF-R and TACI are pathogenic participants in ITP. Their dysregulated expression in patients with ITP may lead to hyperreactivity of activated autoreactive lymphocytes in response to rhBAFF, and thus is highly significant in the pathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-N Min
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - C-Y Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - X-X Li
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Y Hou
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - J-H Qiu
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - J Ma
- Department of General Medicine, Medical Research Institute for Tumor Prevention and Cure, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - L-L Shao
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - X Zhang
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Y-W Wang
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - J Peng
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - M Hou
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Y Shi
- Hematology Oncology Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Boneparth A, Woods M, Huang W, Akerman M, Lesser M, Davidson A. The Effect of BAFF Inhibition on Autoreactive B-Cell Selection in Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mol Med 2016; 22:173-182. [PMID: 26882090 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine how B-cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) availability influences selection of the autoreactive B-cell repertoire in NZB/W and NZW/BXSB lupus-prone mice bearing the site-directed heavy-chain transgene 3H9 that encodes for anti-dsDNA and anti-cardiolipin (CL) autoantibodies. We used a bone marrow chimera system in which autoreactive 3H9 transgenic B cells were allowed to mature in competition with wild-type cells and could be identified by green fluorescent protein. The light-chain repertoire associated with the 3H9 heavy chain in naive and antigen-activated B-cell subsets was assessed using single-cell polymerase chain reaction. We found that deletion of autoreactive transgenic B cells occurred in the bone marrow of both strains regardless of BAFF availability, and there were only modest and physiologically non-relevant effects on the naive B-cell repertoire. BAFF inhibition had different effects on selection of the germinal center repertoire in the two strains. In the NZW/BXSB strain, BAFF inhibition phenocopied the loss of one TLR7 allele in that it influenced the selection of 3H9-encoded autoreactive B cells in the germinal center but did not prevent somatic mutation. In the NZB/W strain, BAFF inhibition did not alter the selection of 3H9-encoded B cells in the germinal center, but it influenced selection of a subset of germinal center cells into the plasma cell compartment. Our data underscore the complexity of regulation of the autoreactive B-cell repertoire by BAFF and may help to explain the heterogeneity of responses observed after BAFF inhibition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Boneparth
- Center for Autoimmunity, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Megan Woods
- Center for Autoimmunity, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Center for Autoimmunity, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Meredith Akerman
- Musculoskeletal Diseases and Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin Lesser
- Musculoskeletal Diseases and Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Anne Davidson
- Center for Autoimmunity, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
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45
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Sinha D, Ghosh AK, Mukherjee S, Biswas R, Biswas T. Porin differentiates TLR mediated proinflammatory response of follicular zone B cell from TLR-unresponsive IL-10 expressing marginal zone B cell. Cytokine 2015; 76:193-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Sun Y, Sun L. CsBAFF, a Teleost B Cell Activating Factor, Promotes Pathogen-Induced Innate Immunity and Vaccine-Induced Adaptive Immunity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136015. [PMID: 26295165 PMCID: PMC4546598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family that is known to play an important role in B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation in mammals. However, studies of BAFF in teleosts are very limited and its function, in particular that under in vivo conditions, is essentially unknown. In this study, we conducted in vivo as well as in vitro functional analyses of a BAFF homologue (CsBAFF) from the teleost fish tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). CsBAFF is composed of 261 residues and shares moderate sequence identities with known BAFFs of other teleosts. CsBAFF expression was most abundant in immune organs and was upregulated during bacterial infection. Purified recombinant CsBAFF (rCsBAFF) bound to tongue sole lymphocytes and promoted cellular proliferation and survival. The results of an in vivo study showed that CsBAFF overexpression in tongue sole significantly enhanced macrophage activation and reduced bacterial infection in fish tissues, whereas knockdown of CsBAFF expression resulted in increased bacterial dissemination and colonization in fish tissues. Furthermore, vaccination studies showed that CsBAFF enhanced the immunoprotection of a DNA vaccine and augmented the production of specific serum antibodies. Taken together, these results provide the first in vivo evidence to indicate that teleost BAFF is an immunostimulator that significantly contributes to the innate antibacterial immune response and vaccine-induced adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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47
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Saulep-Easton D, Vincent FB, Quah PS, Wei A, Ting SB, Croce CM, Tam C, Mackay F. The BAFF receptor TACI controls IL-10 production by regulatory B cells and CLL B cells. Leukemia 2015; 30:163-72. [PMID: 26139429 PMCID: PMC4606984 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10-producing B cells (B10 cells) have emerged as important regulatory players with immunosuppressive roles. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells also secrete IL-10 and share features of B10 cells, suggesting a possible contribution of CLL B cells to immunosuppression in CLL patients. Factors controlling the emergence of B10 cells are not known. B cell-activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family (BAFF) is critical for B cell maturation and survival, and is implicated in the development and progression of CLL. We sought to investigate the role of BAFF in the emergence of IL-10-producing B regulatory cells in healthy donors and CLL patients. Here, we report that BAFF signaling promotes IL-10 production by CLL B cells in a mouse model of CLL and in CLL patients. Moreover, BAFF-mediated IL-10 production by normal and CLL B cells is mediated via its receptor TACI. Our work uncovered a major targetable pathway important for the generation of regulatory B cells that is detrimental to immunity in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saulep-Easton
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - F B Vincent
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P S Quah
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Wei
- Department of Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Division of Blood Cancers, Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S B Ting
- Department of Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Division of Blood Cancers, Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - C Tam
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews's Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Mackay
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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48
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Figgett WA, Deliyanti D, Fairfax KA, Quah PS, Wilkinson-Berka JL, Mackay F. Deleting the BAFF receptor TACI protects against systemic lupus erythematosus without extensive reduction of B cell numbers. J Autoimmun 2015; 61:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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49
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Schuepbach-Mallepell S, Das D, Willen L, Vigolo M, Tardivel A, Lebon L, Kowalczyk-Quintas C, Nys J, Smulski C, Zheng TS, Maskos K, Lammens A, Jiang X, Hess H, Tan SL, Schneider P. Stoichiometry of Heteromeric BAFF and APRIL Cytokines Dictates Their Receptor Binding and Signaling Properties. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16330-42. [PMID: 25953898 PMCID: PMC4481231 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The closely related TNF family ligands B cell activation factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) serve in the generation and maintenance of mature B-lymphocytes. Both BAFF and APRIL assemble as homotrimers that bind and activate several receptors that they partially share. However, heteromers of BAFF and APRIL that occur in patients with autoimmune diseases are incompletely characterized. The N and C termini of adjacent BAFF or APRIL monomers are spatially close and can be linked to create single-chain homo- or hetero-ligands of defined stoichiometry. Similar to APRIL, heteromers consisting of one BAFF and two APRILs (BAA) bind to the receptors B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) but not to the BAFF receptor (BAFFR). Heteromers consisting of one APRIL and two BAFF (ABB) bind to TACI and BCMA and weakly to BAFFR in accordance with the analysis of the receptor interaction sites in the crystallographic structure of ABB. Receptor binding correlated with activity in reporter cell line assays specific for BAFFR, TACI, or BCMA. Single-chain BAFF (BBB) and to a lesser extent single-chain ABB, but not APRIL or single-chain BAA, rescued BAFFR-dependent B cell maturation in BAFF-deficient mice. In conclusion, BAFF-APRIL heteromers of different stoichiometries have distinct receptor-binding properties and activities. Based on the observation that heteromers are less active than BAFF, we speculate that their physiological role might be to down-regulate BAFF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dolon Das
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laure Willen
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Michele Vigolo
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Aubry Tardivel
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Luc Lebon
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Josquin Nys
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Smulski
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Klaus Maskos
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | | | - Xuliang Jiang
- the EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | - Henry Hess
- a subsidiary of Merck KGaA, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Seng-Lai Tan
- the EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | - Pascal Schneider
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland,
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50
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Sathkumara HD, De Silva NR, Handunnetti S, De Silva AD. Genetics of common variable immunodeficiency: role of transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor. Int J Immunogenet 2015; 42:239-53. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. D. Sathkumara
- Genetech Research Institute; Colombo Sri Lanka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; University of Colombo; Colombo Sri Lanka
| | | | - S. Handunnetti
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; University of Colombo; Colombo Sri Lanka
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