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Bafor EE, Erwin-Cohen RA, Martin T, Baker C, Kimmel AE, Duverger O, Fenimore JM, Ramba M, Spindel T, Hess MM, Sanford M, Lazarevic V, Benayoun BA, Young HA, Valencia JC. Aberrant CD8 +T cells drive reproductive dysfunction in female mice with elevated IFN-γ levels. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368572. [PMID: 38698852 PMCID: PMC11064017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is pivotal in orchestrating immune responses during healthy pregnancy. However, its dysregulation, often due to autoimmunity, infections, or chronic inflammatory conditions, is implicated in adverse reproductive outcomes such as pregnancy failure or infertility. Additionally, the underlying immunological mechanisms remain elusive. Methods Here, we explore the impact of systemic IFN-γ elevation on cytotoxic T cell responses in female reproduction utilizing a systemic lupus-prone mouse model with impaired IFN-γ degradation. Results Our findings reveal that heightened IFN-γ levels triggered the infiltration of CD8+T cells in the pituitary gland and female reproductive tract (FRT), resulting in prolactin deficiency and subsequent infertility. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chronic IFN-γ elevation increases effector memory CD8+T cells in the murine ovary and uterus. Discussion These insights broaden our understanding of the role of elevated IFN-γ in female reproductive dysfunction and suggest CD8+T cells as potential immunotherapeutic targets in female reproductive disorders associated with chronic systemic IFN-γ elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enitome E. Bafor
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Erwin-Cohen
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Toni Martin
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Clayton Baker
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adrienne E. Kimmel
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Olivier Duverger
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John M. Fenimore
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Meredith Ramba
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Thea Spindel
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Megan M. Hess
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Michael Sanford
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Vanja Lazarevic
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bérénice A. Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Julio C. Valencia
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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2
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Hou D, Wan H, Katz JL, Wang S, Castro BA, Vazquez-Cervantes GI, Arrieta VA, Dhiantravan S, Najem H, Rashidi A, Chia TY, Arjmandi T, Collado J, Billingham L, Lopez-Rosas A, Han Y, Sonabend AM, Heimberger AB, Zhang P, Miska J, Lee-Chang C. Antigen-presenting B cells promote TCF-1 + PD1 - stem-like CD8 + T-cell proliferation in glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1295218. [PMID: 38268923 PMCID: PMC10806106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the spatial relationship and functional interaction of immune cells in glioblastoma (GBM) is critical for developing new therapeutics that overcome the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Our study showed that B and T cells form clusters within the GBM microenvironment within a 15-μm radius, suggesting that B and T cells could form immune synapses within the GBM. However, GBM-infiltrating B cells suppress the activation of CD8+ T cells. To overcome this immunosuppression, we leveraged B-cell functions by activating them with CD40 agonism, IFNγ, and BAFF to generate a potent antigen-presenting B cells named BVax. BVax had improved antigen cross-presentation potential compared to naïve B cells and were primed to use the IL15-IL15Ra mechanism to enhance T cell activation. Compared to naïve B cells, BVax could improve CD8 T cell activation and proliferation. Compared to dendritic cells (DCs), which are the current gold standard professional antigen-presenting cell, BVax promoted highly proliferative T cells in-vitro that had a stem-like memory T cell phenotype characterized by CD62L+CD44- expression, high TCF-1 expression, and low PD-1 and granzyme B expression. Adoptive transfer of BVax-activated CD8+ T cells into tumor-bearing brains led to T cell reactivation with higher TCF-1 expression and elevated granzyme B production compared to DC-activated CD8+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of BVax into an irradiated immunocompetent tumor-bearing host promoted more CD8+ T cell proliferation than adoptive transfer of DCs. Moreover, highly proliferative CD8+ T cells in the BVax group had less PD-1 expression than those highly proliferative CD8+ T cells in the DC group. The findings of this study suggest that BVax and DC could generate distinctive CD8+ T cells, which potentially serve multiple purposes in cellular vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hanxiao Wan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joshua L. Katz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brandyn A. Castro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gustavo I. Vazquez-Cervantes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Victor A. Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Silpol Dhiantravan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tzu-yi Chia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tarlan Arjmandi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biotechnology, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jimena Collado
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leah Billingham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aurora Lopez-Rosas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Adam M. Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago, IL, United States
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3
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Haraguchi M, Kiyotani K, Tate T, Sakata S, Sagawa R, Takagi S, Nagayama S, Takeuchi K, Takahashi K, Katayama R. Spatiotemporal commonality of the TCR repertoire in a T-cell memory murine model and in metastatic human colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2971-2989. [PMID: 37270735 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown superior clinical responses and significantly prolong overall survival (OS) for many types of cancer. However, some patients exhibit long-term OS, whereas others do not respond to ICI therapy at all. To develop more effective and long-lasting ICI therapy, understanding the host immune response to tumors and the development of biomarkers are imperative. In this study, we established an MC38 immunological memory mouse model by administering an anti-PD-L1 antibody and evaluating the detailed characteristics of the immune microenvironment including the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. In addition, we found that the memory mouse can be established by surgical resection of residual tumor following anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment with a success rate of > 40%. In this model, specific depletion of CD8 T cells revealed that they were responsible for the rejection of reinoculated MC38 cells. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of memory mice using RNA-seq and flow cytometry revealed that memory mice had a quick and robust immune response to MC38 cells compared with naïve mice. A TCR repertoire analysis indicated that T cells with a specific TCR repertoire were expanded in the TME, systemically distributed, and preserved in the host for a long time period. We also identified shared TCR clonotypes between serially resected tumors in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Our results suggest that memory T cells are widely preserved in patients with CRC, and the MC38 memory model is potentially useful for the analysis of systemic memory T-cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Haraguchi
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Immunopharmacogenomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tate
- Immunopharmacogenomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Sakata
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ray Sagawa
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagayama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Soares TC, Santos KR, Lima DM, Maia RBM, Ramos-Sanchez EM, Reis LC, Gidlund M, da Cunha AF, Ordinola-Ramirez CM, Cerqueira MM, Heinemann MB, Della Libera AM, Goto H, Souza FN. Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation in vaccinated dairy cows with different histories of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 253:110508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Han S, Ma W, Jiang D, Sutherlin L, Zhang J, Lu Y, Huo N, Chen Z, Engle JW, Wang Y, Xu X, Kang L, Cai W, Wang L. Intracellular signaling pathway in dendritic cells and antigen transport pathway in vivo mediated by an OVA@DDAB/PLGA nano-vaccine. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:394. [PMID: 34838057 PMCID: PMC8626881 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles have potential applications as a vaccine adjuvant and delivery system due to its unique advantages as biodegradability and biocompatibility. EXPERIMENTAL We fabricated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles using PLGA and dimethyl-dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide (DDAB), followed by loading of model antigen OVA (antigen ovalbumin, OVA257-264) to form an OVA@DDAB/PLGA nano-vaccine. And we investigated the intracellular signaling pathway in dendritic cells in vitro and antigen transport pathway and immune response in vivo mediated by an OVA@DDAB/PLGA nano-vaccine. RESULTS In vitro experiments revealed that the antigen uptake of BMDCs after nanovaccine incubation was two times higher than pure OVA or OVA@Al at 12 h. The BMDCs were well activated by p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, the nano-vaccine induced antigen escape from lysosome into cytoplasm with 10 times increased cross-presentation activity than those of OVA or OVA@Al. Regarding the transport of antigen into draining lymph nodes (LNs), the nano-vaccine could rapidly transfer antigen to LNs by passive lymphatic drainage and active DC transport. The antigen+ cells in inguinal/popliteal LNs for the nano-vaccine were increased over two folds comparing to OVA@Al and OVA at 12 h. Moreover, the antigen of nano-vaccine stayed in LNs for over 7 days, germinal center formation over two folds higher than those of OVA@Al and OVA. After immunization, the nano-vaccine induced a much higher ratio of IgG2c/IgG1 than OVA@Al. It also effectively activated CD4+ T, CD8+ T and B cells for immune memory with a strong cellular response. CONCLUSION These results indicated that DDAB/PLGA NP was a potent platform to improve vaccine immunogenicity by p38 signaling pathway in BMDCs, enhancing transport of antigens to LNs, and higher immunity response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Logan Sutherlin
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology &Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Huo
- Department of Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Lianyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Maurer B, Nivarthi H, Wingelhofer B, Pham HTT, Schlederer M, Suske T, Grausenburger R, Schiefer AI, Prchal-Murphy M, Chen D, Winkler S, Merkel O, Kornauth C, Hofbauer M, Hochgatterer B, Hoermann G, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Prochazkova J, Lobello C, Cumaraswamy AA, Latzka J, Kitzwögerer M, Chott A, Janikova A, Pospíšilova Š, Loizou JI, Kubicek S, Valent P, Kolbe T, Grebien F, Kenner L, Gunning PT, Kralovics R, Herling M, Müller M, Rülicke T, Sexl V, Moriggl R. High activation of STAT5A drives peripheral T-cell lymphoma and leukemia. Haematologica 2020; 105:435-447. [PMID: 31123029 PMCID: PMC7012494 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.216986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent gain-of-function mutations in the transcription factors STAT5A and much more in STAT5B were found in hematopoietic malignancies with the highest proportion in mature T- and natural killer-cell neoplasms (peripheral T-cell lymphoma, PTCL). No targeted therapy exists for these heterogeneous and often aggressive diseases. Given the shortage of models for PTCL, we mimicked graded STAT5A or STAT5B activity by expressing hyperactive Stat5a or STAT5B variants at low or high levels in the hematopoietic system of transgenic mice. Only mice with high activity levels developed a lethal disease resembling human PTCL. Neoplasia displayed massive expansion of CD8+ T cells and destructive organ infiltration. T cells were cytokine-hypersensitive with activated memory CD8+ T-lymphocyte characteristics. Histopathology and mRNA expression profiles revealed close correlation with distinct subtypes of PTCL. Pronounced STAT5 expression and activity in samples from patients with different subsets underline the relevance of JAK/STAT as a therapeutic target. JAK inhibitors or a selective STAT5 SH2 domain inhibitor induced cell death and ruxolitinib blocked T-cell neoplasia in vivo. We conclude that enhanced STAT5A or STAT5B action both drive PTCL development, defining both STAT5 molecules as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maurer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harini Nivarthi
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Wingelhofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ha Thi Thanh Pham
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Suske
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Grausenburger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Chen
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Winkler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kornauth
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Hoelbl-Kovacic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Prochazkova
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cosimo Lobello
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abbarna A Cumaraswamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johanna Latzka
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Dermatological Research, St. Poelten, Austria and Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Melitta Kitzwögerer
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Andreas Chott
- Institute of Pathology and Microbiology, Wilheminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Janikova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pospíšilova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna I Loizou
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Center of Molecular Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kralovics
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Köln-Bonn, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria .,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Akache B, Deschatelets L, Harrison BA, Dudani R, Stark FC, Jia Y, Landi A, Law JLM, Logan M, Hockman D, Kundu J, Tyrrell DL, Krishnan L, Houghton M, McCluskie MJ. Effect of Different Adjuvants on the Longevity and Strength of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the HCV Envelope Glycoproteins. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040204. [PMID: 31816920 PMCID: PMC6963754 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to liver cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma and remains a major cause of serious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, current treatment regimens remain inaccessible to most patients, particularly in developing countries, and, therefore, the development of a novel vaccine capable of protecting subjects from chronic infection by HCV could greatly reduce the rates of HCV infection, subsequent liver pathogenesis, and in some cases death. Herein, we evaluated two different semi-synthetic archaeosome formulations as an adjuvant to the E1/E2 HCV envelope protein in a murine model and compared antigen-specific humoral (levels of anti-E1/E2 IgG and HCV pseudoparticle neutralization) and cellular responses (numbers of antigen-specific cytokine-producing T cells) to those generated with adjuvant formulations composed of mimetics of commercial adjuvants including a squalene oil-in-water emulsion, aluminum hydroxide/monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and liposome/MPLA/QS-21. In addition, we measured the longevity of these responses, tracking humoral, and cellular responses up to 6 months following vaccination. Overall, we show that the strength and longevity of anti-HCV responses can be influenced by adjuvant selection. In particular, a simple admixed sulfated S-lactosylarchaeol (SLA) archaeosome formulation generated strong levels of HCV neutralizing antibodies and polyfunctional antigen-specific CD4 T cells producing multiple cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2. While liposome/MPLA/QS-21 as adjuvant generated superior cellular responses, the SLA E1/E2 admixed formulation was superior or equivalent to the other tested formulations in all immune parameters tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Akache
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1T 0H1, Canada; (B.A.); (L.D.); (B.A.H.); (R.D.); (F.C.S.); (Y.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Lise Deschatelets
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1T 0H1, Canada; (B.A.); (L.D.); (B.A.H.); (R.D.); (F.C.S.); (Y.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Blair A. Harrison
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1T 0H1, Canada; (B.A.); (L.D.); (B.A.H.); (R.D.); (F.C.S.); (Y.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Renu Dudani
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1T 0H1, Canada; (B.A.); (L.D.); (B.A.H.); (R.D.); (F.C.S.); (Y.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Felicity C. Stark
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1T 0H1, Canada; (B.A.); (L.D.); (B.A.H.); (R.D.); (F.C.S.); (Y.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Yimei Jia
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1T 0H1, Canada; (B.A.); (L.D.); (B.A.H.); (R.D.); (F.C.S.); (Y.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Amir Landi
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (A.L.); (J.L.M.L.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (J.K.); (D.L.T.); (M.H.)
| | - John L. M. Law
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (A.L.); (J.L.M.L.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (J.K.); (D.L.T.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Logan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (A.L.); (J.L.M.L.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (J.K.); (D.L.T.); (M.H.)
| | - Darren Hockman
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (A.L.); (J.L.M.L.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (J.K.); (D.L.T.); (M.H.)
| | - Juthika Kundu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (A.L.); (J.L.M.L.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (J.K.); (D.L.T.); (M.H.)
| | - D. Lorne Tyrrell
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (A.L.); (J.L.M.L.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (J.K.); (D.L.T.); (M.H.)
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1T 0H1, Canada; (B.A.); (L.D.); (B.A.H.); (R.D.); (F.C.S.); (Y.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Michael Houghton
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (A.L.); (J.L.M.L.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (J.K.); (D.L.T.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael J. McCluskie
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1T 0H1, Canada; (B.A.); (L.D.); (B.A.H.); (R.D.); (F.C.S.); (Y.J.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Simplified Admix Archaeal Glycolipid Adjuvanted Vaccine and Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Combination Enhances Protection from Murine Melanoma. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7040091. [PMID: 31771150 PMCID: PMC6966619 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Archaeosomes are liposomes composed of natural or synthetic archaeal lipids that when used as adjuvants induce strong long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against entrapped antigens. However, traditional entrapped archaeosome formulations have only low entrapment efficiency, therefore we have developed a novel admixed formulation which offers many advantages, including reduced loss of antigen, consistency of batch-to-batch production as well as providing the option to formulate the vaccine immediately before use, which is beneficial for next generation cancer therapy platforms that include patient specific neo-antigens or for use with antigens that are less stable. Herein, we demonstrate that, when used in combination with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 checkpoint therapy, this novel admixed archaeosome formulation, comprised of preformed sulfated lactosyl archaeol (SLA) archaeosomes admixed with OVA antigen (SLA–OVA (adm)), was as effective at inducing strong CD8+ T cell responses and protection from a B16-OVA melanoma tumor challenge as the traditionally formulated archaeosomes with encapsulated OVA protein. Furthermore, archaeosome vaccine formulations combined with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 therapy, induced OVA-CD8+ T cells within the tumor and immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of CD8+ T cells associated with dying or dead tumor cells as well as within or around tumor blood vessels. Overall, archaeosomes constitute an attractive option for use with combinatorial checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy platforms.
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9
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Stark FC, Akache B, Ponce A, Dudani R, Deschatelets L, Jia Y, Sauvageau J, Williams D, Jamshidi MP, Agbayani G, Wachholz K, Harrison BA, Li X, Krishnan L, Chen W, McCluskie MJ. Archaeal glycolipid adjuvanted vaccines induce strong influenza-specific immune responses through direct immunization in young and aged mice or through passive maternal immunization. Vaccine 2019; 37:7108-7116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Oh MS, Hong JY, Kim MN, Kwak EJ, Kim SY, Kim EG, Lee KE, Kim YS, Jee HM, Kim SH, Sol IS, Park CO, Kim KW, Sohn MH. Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule Modulates Th2 Immune Response in Atopic Dermatitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:677-690. [PMID: 31332979 PMCID: PMC6658408 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.5.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is highly expressed on dendritic cells. ALCAM and its receptor CD6 are co-stimulatory molecules in the immunological synapse; their interaction is required for T cell activation. While atopic dermatitis (AD) is recognized as a T helper 2 (Th2)-mediated allergic disease, the role of ALCAM in its pathogenesis is unclear. METHODS ALCAM levels were measured in the serum of AD patients and AD-induced murine model by ovalbumin treatment. We next investigated transepidermal water loss, clinical score, Th2-immune responses, skin barrier gene expression and T-cell activation using wild-type (WT) and ALCAM deficiency mice. An oxazolone-induced AD-like model was also established and analyzed using WT- and ALCAM-deficient mice. RESULTS We found that serum ALCAM levels were elevated in pediatric AD patients as well as WT AD mice, whereas Th2-type cytokine production and AD symptoms were suppressed in ALCAM-deficient mice. In addition, CD4⁺ effector T-cell counts in murine skin and skin-draining lymph nodes were lower in ALCAM-deficient mice than in their WT counterparts. ALCAM deficiency was also linked to higher expression of skin barrier genes and number of lamellar bodies. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that ALCAM may contribute to AD pathogenesis by meditating a Th2-dominant immune response and disrupting the barrier function of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Seon Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Na Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kwak
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Gyul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Seon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Jee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seo Hyeong Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Suk Sol
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Institute of Allergy, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Liu J, Liu X, Han Y, Zhang J, Liu D, Ma G, Li C, Liu L, Kong D. Nanovaccine Incorporated with Hydroxychloroquine Enhances Antigen Cross-Presentation and Promotes Antitumor Immune Responses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:30983-30993. [PMID: 30136844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Induction of effective antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses is critical for cancer immunotherapy success. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a widely used classical antimalarial and antirheumatic drug. HCQ is also an endosomal membrane disrupting agent that can lead to vesicular swelling and membrane permeabilization, which likely facilitates the release of therapeutic agents from lysosomes into the cytoplasm. Here, we develop a minimalistic nanovaccine, which is composed of poly(lactide- co-glycolide)acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating a physical mixture of ovalbumin (OVA, a model antigen) and HCQ (HCQ-OVA-PLGA NPs). We tested whether HCQ could spatiotemporally control the cytosolic delivery of antigens, enhance antigen processing and presentation via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I pathway, and thus generate a sufficient antitumor cytotoxic T-cell response. The results of in vitro experiments showed that HCQ-OVA-PLGA NPs significantly enhanced OVA escape from lysosomes into the cytoplasm within bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells. We also observed that HCQ-OVA-PLGA NPs enhanced the expression level of MHC-I on dendritic cells and improved cross-presentation of antigen, compared to free OVA or OVA-PLGA NPs. Results of in vivo experiments confirmed that HCQ initiated Th1-type responses and strong CD8+ T-cell responses that induced tumor cell apoptosis. Moreover, vaccination of mice with HCQ-OVA-PLGA NPs effectively generated memory immune responses in vivo and prevented tumor progression. We conclude that co-encapsulation of HCQ with antigens in nanovaccines can boost antigen-specific antitumor immune responses, particularly through CD8+ T-cells, serving as a simple and effective platform for the treatment of tumors and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Liu
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin 300192 , China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin 300192 , China
| | - Yanfeng Han
- Institute of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- School of Biomedical Sciences , University of Queensland , St Lucia, Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin 300192 , China
| | - Dan Liu
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin 300192 , China
| | - Guilei Ma
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin 300192 , China
| | - Chen Li
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin 300192 , China
| | - Lanxia Liu
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin 300192 , China
| | - Deling Kong
- The Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Tianjin 300192 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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12
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Pei X, Earley LF, He Y, Chen X, Hall NE, Samulski RJ, Li C. Efficient Capsid Antigen Presentation From Adeno-Associated Virus Empty Virions In Vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:844. [PMID: 29725339 PMCID: PMC5916967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have been successfully applied in clinical trials for hemophilic patients. Although promising, the clinical results suggest that the capsid-specific CD8+T cell response has a negative effect on therapeutic success. In an in vitro analysis using an engineered AAV virus carrying immune-dominant SIINFEKL peptide in the capsid backbone, we have previously demonstrated that capsid antigen presentation from full (genome containing) AAV capsids requires endosome escape and is proteasome dependent and that no capsid antigen presentation is induced from empty virions. In the present study, we examined capsid antigen presentation from administration of empty virions in animal models. In wild-type mice, similar to AAV full particles, capsid antigen presentation from AAV empty virion infection was dose dependent, and the kinetics studies showed that antigen presentation was detected from 2 to 40 days after AAV empty virion administration. In the transporter associated with antigen processing 1 deficient (TAP−/−) mice, capsid antigen presentation was inhibited from both AAV full and empty virions, but higher inhibition was achieved from AAV full particle administration than that from empty virions. This indicates that the pathway of capsid antigen presentation from AAV transduction is dependent on proteasome-mediated degradation of AAV capsids (mainly for full particles) and that the endosomal pathway may also play a role in antigen presentation from empty particles but not full virions. The capsid antigen presentation efficiency from AAV preparations was positively correlated with the amount of empty virions contaminated with full particles. Collectively, the results indicate that contamination of AAV empty virions induces efficient antigen presentation in vivo and the mechanism of capsid antigen presentation from empty virions involves both endosomal and proteasomal pathways. The elucidation of capsid antigen presentation from AAV empty virions may allow us to rationally design effective strategies to prevent elimination of AAV transduced target cells by capsid specific CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauriel Freya Earley
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yi He
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nikita Elexa Hall
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Richard Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Chengwen Li
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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13
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Akache B, Stark FC, Iqbal U, Chen W, Jia Y, Krishnan L, McCluskie MJ. Safety and biodistribution of sulfated archaeal glycolipid archaeosomes as vaccine adjuvants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1746-1759. [PMID: 29336668 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1423154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Archaeosomes are liposomes comprised of ether lipids derived from various archaea. Unlike conventional ester-linked liposomes, archaeosomes exhibit high pH and thermal stability. As adjuvants, archaeosomes can induce robust, long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and enhance protection in murine models of infectious disease and cancer. Archaeosomes constituted with total polar lipids (TPL) of various archaea are relatively complex, comprising >10 different lipid compounds. Archaeosomes can be constituted with semi-synthetic glycerolipids built on ether-linked isoprenoid phytanyl cores with varied synthetic glycol- and amino-head groups. However, such semi-synthetic archaeosomes involve many synthetic steps to arrive at the final desired glycolipid composition. We have developed a novel archaeosome formulation comprising a sulfated saccharide group covalently linked to the free sn-1 hydroxyl backbone of an archaeal core lipid (sulfated S-lactosylarchaeol, SLA) mixed with uncharged glycolipid (lactosylarchaeol, LA). This new class of adjuvants can be easily synthesized and retains strong immunostimulatory activity for induction of cell-mediated immunity following systemic immunization. Herein, we demonstrate the safety of SLA/LA archaeosomes following intramuscular injection to mice and evaluate the immunogenicity, in vivo distribution and cellular uptake of antigen (ovalbumin) encapsulated into SLA/LA archaeosomes. Overall, we have found that semi-synthetic sulfated glycolipid archaeosomes are a safe and effective novel class of adjuvants capable of inducing strong antigen-specific immune responses in mice and protection against subsequent B16 melanoma tumor challenge. A key step in their mechanism of action appears to be the recruitment of immune cells to the injection site and the subsequent trafficking of antigen to local draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Akache
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Felicity C Stark
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Umar Iqbal
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Yimei Jia
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Michael J McCluskie
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
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14
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Stark FC, Weeratna RD, Deschatelets L, Gurnani K, Dudani R, McCluskie MJ, Krishnan L. An Archaeosome-Adjuvanted Vaccine and Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Combination Significantly Enhances Protection from Murine Melanoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:E38. [PMID: 29072624 PMCID: PMC5748605 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeosomes constitute archaeal lipid vesicle vaccine adjuvants that evoke a strong CD8⁺ T cell response to antigenic cargo. Therapeutic treatment of murine B16-ovalbumin (B16-OVA) melanoma with archaeosome-OVA eliminates small subcutaneous solid tumors; however, they eventually resurge despite an increased frequency of circulating and tumor infiltrating OVA-CD8⁺ T cells. Herein, a number of different approaches were evaluated to improve responses, including dose number, interval, and the combination of vaccine with checkpoint inhibitors. Firstly, we found that tumor protection could not be enhanced by repetitive and/or delayed boosting to maximize the CD8⁺ T cell number and/or phenotype. The in vivo cytotoxicity of vaccine-induced OVA-CD8⁺ T cells was impaired in tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, tumor-infiltrating OVA-CD8⁺ T cells had an increased expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) compared to other organ compartments, suggesting impaired function. Combination therapy of tumor-bearing mice with the vaccine archaeosome-OVA, and α-CTLA-4 administered concurrently as well as α-PD-1 and an α-PD-L1 antibody administered starting 9 days after tumor challenge given on a Q3Dx4 schedule (days 9, 12, 15 and 18), significantly enhanced survival. Following multi-combination therapy ~70% of mice had rapid tumor recession, with no detectable tumor mass after >80 days in comparison to a median survival of 17-22 days for untreated or experimental groups receiving single therapies. Overall, archaeosomes offer a powerful platform for delivering cancer antigens when used in combination with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity C Stark
- National Research Council of Canada-Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Risini D Weeratna
- National Research Council of Canada-Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Lise Deschatelets
- National Research Council of Canada-Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Komal Gurnani
- National Research Council of Canada-Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Renu Dudani
- National Research Council of Canada-Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Michael J McCluskie
- National Research Council of Canada-Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- National Research Council of Canada-Human Health Therapeutics, 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
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15
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McCluskie MJ, Deschatelets L, Krishnan L. Sulfated archaeal glycolipid archaeosomes as a safe and effective vaccine adjuvant for induction of cell-mediated immunity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2772-2779. [PMID: 28537465 PMCID: PMC5718820 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1316912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeosomes are liposomal vesicles composed of ether glycerolipids unique to the domain of Archaea. Unlike conventional ester-linked liposomes, archaeosomes exhibit high stability and possess strong adjuvant and immunostimulatory properties making them an attractive vaccine delivery vehicle. Traditionally comprised of total polar lipids (TPL) or semi-synthetic phospho-glycerolipids of ether-linked isoprenoid phytanyl cores with varied glycol- and amino-head groups, archaeosomes can induce robust and long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against antigenic cargo and provide protection in murine models of infectious disease and cancer. However, traditional TPL archaeosome formulations are relatively complex comprising several lipid species. Semi-synthetic archaeosomes tested previously contain a combination of several phospho-glycolipids (negative and neutral charged) to produce a stable, uniform-sized liposome formulation. Moreover, they involve many synthetic steps to arrive at the final desired glycolipid composition. Herein, we present a novel adjuvant formulation comprising a sulfated saccharide group covalently linked to the free sn-1 hydroxyl backbone of an archaeal core lipid (sulfated S-lactosylarchaeol, SLA). SLA individually or mixed with uncharged glyolipid (lactosylarchaeol, LA) constituted efficacious carrier vesicles for entrapped antigens (ovalbumin or melanoma associated tyrosinase-related protein 2 [TRP-2]) and induction of strong cell-mediated responses in mice and protection against subsequent B16 melanoma tumor challenge. Thus, semi-synthetic sulfated glycolipid archaeosomes represent a new class of adjuvants that will potentially ease manufacturing and scale-up, while retaining immunostimulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McCluskie
- a Human Health Therapeutics , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Lise Deschatelets
- a Human Health Therapeutics , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- a Human Health Therapeutics , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
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16
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Shiratori B, Zhao J, Okumura M, Chagan-Yasutan H, Yanai H, Mizuno K, Yoshiyama T, Idei T, Ashino Y, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y, Hattori T. Immunological Roles of Elevated Plasma Levels of Matricellular Proteins in Japanese Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010019. [PMID: 28025511 PMCID: PMC5297654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated matricellular proteins (MCPs), including osteopontin (OPN) and galectin-9 (Gal-9), were observed in the plasma of patients with Manila-type tuberculosis (TB) previously. Here, we quantified plasma OPN, Gal-9, and soluble CD44 (sCD44) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and another 29 cytokines by Luminex assay in 36 patients with pulmonary TB, six subjects with latent tuberculosis (LTBI), and 19 healthy controls (HCs) from Japan for a better understanding of the roles of MCPs in TB. All TB subjects showed positive results of enzyme-linked immunospot assays (ELISPOTs). Spoligotyping showed that 20 out of 36 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains belong to the Beijing type. The levels of OPN, Gal-9, and sCD44 were higher in TB (positivity of 61.1%, 66.7%, and 63.9%, respectively) than in the HCs. Positive correlations between OPN and Gal-9, between OPN and sCD44, and negative correlation between OPN and ESAT-6-ELISPOT response, between chest X-ray severity score of cavitary TB and ESAT-6-ELISPOT response were observed. Instead of OPN, Gal-9, and sCD44, cytokines G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, and IL-1RA levels were higher in Beijing MTB-infected patients. These findings suggest immunoregulatory, rather than inflammatory, effect of MCPs and can advance the understanding of the roles of MCPs in the context of TB pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Shiratori
- Division of Disaster-Related Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Jingge Zhao
- Division of Disaster-Related Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Masao Okumura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Haorile Chagan-Yasutan
- Division of Disaster-Related Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hideki Yanai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-2 4 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Kazue Mizuno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-2 4 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yoshiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Idei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-2 4 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan.
| | - Yugo Ashino
- Division of Disaster-Related Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Toshio Hattori
- Department of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, 8 Igamachi, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan.
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Smith SG, Baltz JL, Koppolu BP, Ravindranathan S, Nguyen K, Zaharoff DA. Immunological mechanisms of intravesical chitosan/interleukin-12 immunotherapy against murine bladder cancer. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1259050. [PMID: 28197381 PMCID: PMC5283638 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1259050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical unmet clinical need for bladder cancer immunotherapies capable of inducing durable antitumor immunity. We have shown that four intravesical treatments with a simple co-formulation of interleukin-12 and the biopolymer chitosan not only destroy orthotopic bladder tumors, but also promote a potent long-lasting systemic immune response as evidenced through tumor-specific in vitro killing assays, complete protection from rechallenge, and abscopal antitumor responses at distant non-treated tumors. This study investigates the immunological kinetics underlying these results. We show through depletion studies that CD8+ T cells are required for initial tumor rejection, but CD4+ T cells protect against rechallenge. We also show that even a single intravesical treatment can eliminate tumors in 50% of mice with 6/9 and 7/8 mice eliminating tumors after three or four treatments respectively. We then performed immunophenotyping studies to analyze shifts in immune cell populations after each treatment within the tumor itself as well as in secondary lymphoid organs. These studies demonstrated an initial infiltration of macrophages and granulocytes followed by increased CD4+ and CD8+ effector-memory cells. This was coupled with a decreased level of regulatory T cells in peripheral lymph nodes as well as decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration in the bladder. Taken together, these data demonstrate the ability of properly delivered interleukin-12-based therapies to engage adaptive immunity within the tumor itself as well as throughout the body and strengthen the case for clinical translation of chitosan/interleukin-12 as an intravesical treatment for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G Smith
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - John L Baltz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Bhanu Prasanth Koppolu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sruthi Ravindranathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Khue Nguyen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - David A Zaharoff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Stark FC, McCluskie MJ, Krishnan L. Homologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with OVA Entrapped in Self-Adjuvanting Archaeosomes Induces High Numbers of OVA-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells that Protect Against Subcutaneous B16-OVA Melanoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:vaccines4040044. [PMID: 27869670 PMCID: PMC5192364 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous prime-boost vaccinations with live vectors typically fail to induce repeated strong CD8+ T cell responses due to the induction of anti-vector immunity, highlighting the need for alternative delivery vehicles. The unique ether lipids of archaea may be constituted into liposomes, archaeosomes, which do not induce anti-carrier responses, making them an ideal candidate for use in repeat vaccination systems. Herein, we evaluated in mice the maximum threshold of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses that may be induced by multiple homologous immunizations with ovalbumin (OVA) entrapped in archaeosomes derived from the ether glycerolipids of the archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii (MS-OVA). Up to three immunizations with MS-OVA administered in optimized intervals (to allow for sufficient resting of the primed cells prior to boosting), induced a potent anti-OVA CD8+ T cell response of up to 45% of all circulating CD8+ T cells. Additional MS-OVA injections did not add any further benefit in increasing the memory of CD8+ T cell frequency. In contrast, OVA expressed by Listeria monocytogenes (LM-OVA), an intracellular bacterial vector failed to evoke a boosting effect after the second injection, resulting in significantly reduced antigen-specific CD8+ T cell frequencies. Furthermore, repeated vaccination with MS-OVA skewed the response increasingly towards an effector memory (CD62low) phenotype. Vaccinated animals were challenged with B16-OVA at late time points after vaccination (+7 months) and were afforded protection compared to control. Therefore, archaeosomes constituted a robust particulate delivery system to unravel the kinetics of CD8+ T cell response induction and memory maintenance and constitute an efficient vaccination regimen optimized for tumor protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity C Stark
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Michael J McCluskie
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada.
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Haq K, Jia Y, Krishnan L. Archaeal lipid vaccine adjuvants for induction of cell-mediated immunity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1557-1566. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1195265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Haq
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Y. Jia
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L. Krishnan
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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20
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Martins KAO, Cooper CL, Stronsky SM, Norris SLW, Kwilas SA, Steffens JT, Benko JG, van Tongeren SA, Bavari S. Adjuvant-enhanced CD4 T Cell Responses are Critical to Durable Vaccine Immunity. EBioMedicine 2015; 3:67-78. [PMID: 26870818 PMCID: PMC4739439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-based vaccines offer a safer alternative to live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines but have limited immunogenicity. The identification of adjuvants that augment immunogenicity, specifically in a manner that is durable and antigen-specific, is therefore critical for advanced development. In this study, we use the filovirus virus-like particle (VLP) as a model protein-based vaccine in order to evaluate the impact of four candidate vaccine adjuvants on enhancing long term protection from Ebola virus challenge. Adjuvants tested include poly-ICLC (Hiltonol), MPLA, CpG 2395, and alhydrogel. We compared and contrasted antibody responses, neutralizing antibody responses, effector T cell responses, and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell frequencies with each adjuvant's impact on durable protection. We demonstrate that in this system, the most effective adjuvant elicits a Th1-skewed antibody response and strong CD4 T cell responses, including an increase in Tfh frequency. Using immune-deficient animals and adoptive transfer of serum and cells from vaccinated animals into naïve animals, we further demonstrate that serum and CD4 T cells play a critical role in conferring protection within effective vaccination regimens. These studies inform on the requirements of long term immune protection, which can potentially be used to guide screening of clinical-grade adjuvants for vaccine clinical development. Adjuvants can prolong the protection afforded by protein-based vaccines and impact adaptive immune responses Enhanced CD4 T cell responses, helper and effector, correlate with duration of protection Durable protection from ma-EBOV is associated with Tfh frequency, Th1 antibody titers, and effector CD4 T cells
Protein-based vaccines are extremely safe, but they sometimes require the addition of adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity. In this study, we compared the impact of multiple adjuvants on immunogenicity, focusing on the duration of vaccine-mediated protection in mice. We then looked at how each adjuvant impacted the immune response in order to identify correlates of that long lasting immunity. The most effective adjuvant/vaccine combinations elicited multifunctional CD4 T cell responses and a Th1-skewed antibody response. By transferring antigen-experienced CD4 T cells and serum into naïve animals, we demonstrated that both CD4 T cells and serum were critical for durable vaccine-mediated protection.
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Key Words
- Adjuvant
- BME, beta mercaptoethanol
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- DSCF, Dwass, Steel, Critchlow-Fligner
- Durable protection
- ELISA, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot assay
- Ebola virus
- FACS, fluorescence activated cell sorting
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GP, glycoprotein
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- IM, intramuscular
- IP, intraperitoneal
- IQR, interquartile range
- Immune correlates
- LN, lymph node
- MPLA, monophosphoryl lipid A
- NAb, neutralizing antibody
- Ns, not significant
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PRR, pattern recognition receptor
- Pfu, plaque forming unit
- PsVNA, pseudovirion neutralization assay
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- USAMRIID, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
- VLP, virus-like particle
- Vaccine
- ma-EBOV, mouse-adapted Ebola virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A O Martins
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher L Cooper
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina M Stronsky
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sarah L W Norris
- Research Support Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Kwilas
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Jesse T Steffens
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline G Benko
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sean A van Tongeren
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
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21
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Morilla MJ, Romero EL. Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: an update on therapeutics, prophylaxis and diagnosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:465-81. [PMID: 25707979 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. After a mostly clinically silent acute phase, the disease becomes a lifelong chronic condition that can lead to chronic heart failure and thromboembolic phenomena followed by sudden death. Antichagasic treatment is only effective in the acute phase but fails to eradicate the intracellular form of parasites and causes severe toxicity in adults. Although conventional oral benznidazol is not a safe and efficient drug to cure chronic adult patients, current preclinical data is insufficient to envisage if conventional antichagasic treatment could be realistically improved by a nanomedical approach. This review will discuss how nanomedicines could help to improve the performance of therapeutics, vaccines and diagnosis of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Programa de Nanomedicinas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Twine SM, Fulton KM, Spika J, Ouellette M, Raven JF, Conlan JW, Krishnan L, Barreto L, Richards JC. Next Generation Vaccine Biomarkers workshop October 30-31, 2014--Ottawa, Canada. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2923-30. [PMID: 26383909 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1083663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine biomarkers are critical to many aspects of vaccine development and licensure, including bridging findings in pre-clinical studies to clinical studies, predicting potential adverse events, and predicting vaccine efficacy. Despite advances in our understanding of various biological pathways, and advances in systems analyses of the immune response, there remains much to learn about qualitative and quantitative aspects of the human host response to vaccination. To stimulate discussion and identify opportunities for collaborative ways to advance the field of vaccine biomarkers, A Next Generation Vaccine Biomarker workshop was held in Ottawa. The two day workshop, sponsored by the National Research Council Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Pfizer, and Medicago, brought together stakeholders from Canadian and international industry, government and academia. The workshop was grouped in themes, covering vaccine biomarker challenges in the pre-clinical and clinical spaces, veterinary vaccines, regulatory challenges, and development of biomarkers for adjuvants and cancer vaccines. The use of case studies allowed participants to identify the needs and gaps requiring innovation. The workshop concluded with a discussion on opportunities for vaccine biomarker discovery, the Canadian context, and approaches for moving forward. This article provides a synopsis of these discussions and identifies steps forward for advancing vaccine biomarker research in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Twine
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Kelly M Fulton
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - John Spika
- b Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Marc Ouellette
- c Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jennifer F Raven
- c Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - J Wayne Conlan
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Luis Barreto
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - James C Richards
- a National Research Council Canada-Human Health Therapeutics (NRC-HHT) ; Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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Ansari MA, Zia Q, Kazmi S, Ahmad E, Azhar A, Johnson KE, Zubair S, Owais M. Efficacy of Cell Wall-Deficient Spheroplasts Against Experimental Murine Listeriosis. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:10-24. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Ansari
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Q. Zia
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| | - S. Kazmi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| | - E. Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| | - A. Azhar
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| | - K. E. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science; North Chicago IL USA
| | - S. Zubair
- Women's College; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
| | - M. Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh India
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24
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Bang C, Schmitz RA. Archaea associated with human surfaces: not to be underestimated. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:631-48. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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25
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He Y, Weinberg MS, Hirsch M, Johnson MC, Tisch R, Samulski RJ, Li C. Kinetics of adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) and AAV8 capsid antigen presentation in vivo are identical. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:545-53. [PMID: 23534873 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors 2 and 8 have been used in clinical trials for patients with hemophilia, and data suggest that the capsid-specific CD8⁺ T cell response has had a negative impact on therapeutic success. To date the pattern of capsid cross-presentation from AAV2 and AAV8 transduction in vivo has not been elucidated. Previously, we have demonstrated that an engineered AAV2 virus carrying the immune-dominant SIINFEKL peptide in the capsid backbone was indistinguishable from wild type with respect to titer, tropism, and the ability to induce capsid-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses in vivo. In this study, we used the same strategy to engineer an AAV8 vector and demonstrated that antigen from SIINFEKL peptide-integrated AAV8 capsid was effectively presented via either plasmid transfection or AAV8 transduction in vitro. The tissue tropism and transgene expression kinetics of the engineered AAV8 vector in vivo were identical to that of wild-type AAV8. Animal studies show that capsid antigen presentation from AAV transduction was dose dependent, and more importantly, the proliferation of capsid-specific CD8⁺ T cells had similar kinetics (detectable before 30 days and undetectable after 40 days) for both AAV2 and AAV8 vectors. Elucidation of the kinetics of capsid antigen presentation from AAV transduction by various serotypes provides new insight into the potential impact CD8⁺ T cells can have during clinical trials and may help with rational design of effective strategies to prevent capsid-specific CD8⁺ T cell-mediated elimination of AAV-transduced target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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26
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Higa LH, Corral RS, Morilla MJ, Romero EL, Petray PB. Archaeosomes display immunoadjuvant potential for a vaccine against Chagas disease. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:409-12. [PMID: 23291939 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Archaeosomes (ARC), vesicles made from lipids extracted from Archaea, display strong adjuvant properties. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the highly stable ARC formulated from total polar lipids of a new Halorubrum tebenquichense strain found in Argentinean Patagonia, to act as adjuvant for soluble parasite antigens in developing prophylactic vaccine against the intracellular protozoan T. cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. We demonstrated for the first time that C3H/HeN mice subcutaneously immunized with trypanosomal antigens entrapped in these ARC (ARC-TcAg) rapidly developed higher levels of circulating T. cruzi antibodies than those measured in the sera from animals receiving the antigen alone. Enhanced humoral responses elicited by ARC-TcAg presented a dominant IgG2a antibody isotype, usually associated with Th1-type immunity and resistance against T. cruzi. More importantly, ARC-TcAg-vaccinated mice displayed reduced parasitemia during early infection and were protected against an otherwise lethal challenge with the virulent Tulahuén strain of the parasite. Our findings suggest that, as an adjuvant, H. tebenquichense-derived ARC may hold great potential to develop a safe and helpful vaccine against this relevant human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia H Higa
- Programa de Nanomedicinas; Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología; Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Buenos Aires, Argentina
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27
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Higa LH, Schilrreff P, Perez AP, Iriarte MA, Roncaglia DI, Morilla MJ, Romero EL. Ultradeformable archaeosomes as new topical adjuvants. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:1319-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Ansari MA, Zubair S, Tufail S, Ahmad E, Khan MR, Quadri Z, Owais M. Ether lipid vesicle-based antigens impart protection against experimental listeriosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2433-47. [PMID: 22745536 PMCID: PMC3383290 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s25875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Incidence of food-borne infections from Listeria monocytogenes, a parasite that has adapted intracellular residence to avoid antibody onslaught, has increased dramatically in the past few years. The apparent lack of an effective vaccine that is capable of evoking the desired cytotoxic T cell response to obliterate this intracellular pathogen has encouraged the investigation of alternate prophylactic strategies. It should also be noted that Archaebacteria (Archae) lipid-based adjuvants enhance the efficacy of subunit vaccines. In the present study, the adjuvant properties of archaeosomes (liposomes prepared from total polar lipids of archaebacteria, Halobacterium salinarum) combined with immunogenic culture supernatant antigens of L. monocytogenes have been exploited in designing a vaccine candidate against experimental listeriosis in murine model. Methods Archaeosome-entrapped secretory protein antigens (SAgs) of L. monocytogenes were evaluated for their immunological responses and tendency to deplete bacterial burden in BALB/c mice challenged with sublethal listerial infection. Various immunological studies involving cytokine profiling, lymphocyte proliferation assay, detection of various surface markers (by flowcytometric analysis), and antibody isotypes (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were used for establishing the vaccine potential of archaeosome-entrapped secretory proteins. Results Immunization schedule involving archaeosome-encapsulated SAgs resulted in upregulation of Th1 cytokine production along with boosted memory in BALB/c mice. It also showed protective effect by reducing listerial burden in various vital organs (liver and spleen) of the infected mice. However, the soluble form of the antigens (SAgs) and their physical mixture with sham (empty) archaeosomes, besides showing feeble Th1 response, were unable to protect the animals against virulent listerial infection. Conclusion On the basis of the evidence provided by the current data, it is inferred that archaeosome-entrapped SAgs formulation not only enhances cytotoxic T cell response but also helps in the clearance of pathogens and thereby increases the survival of the immunized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairaj Ahmed Ansari
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
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29
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Foged C, Hansen J, Agger EM. License to kill: Formulation requirements for optimal priming of CD8(+) CTL responses with particulate vaccine delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 45:482-91. [PMID: 21888971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Induction of CD8(+) T-cell responses is critical for the immunological control of a variety of diseases upon vaccination. Modern subunit vaccines are based on highly purified recombinant proteins. The high purity represents a major advancement in terms of vaccine safety compared to previous vaccination strategies with live attenuated or whole killed pathogens, but typically renders vaccine antigens poorly immunogenic and insufficient in mobilizing protective immunity. Adjuvants are therefore needed in vaccine formulations to enhance, direct and maintain the immune response to vaccine antigens. However, a weakness of many adjuvants is the lack of induction of CD8(+) T-cell responses against protein antigens, which are required for protection against challenging and difficult infectious diseases such as AIDS and for therapeutic cancer vaccination. Within the last decade, adjuvant systems that can induce CD8(+) T-cell responses have been developed and the first clinical trials demonstrating the clinical relevance of such formulations have been performed. This paper reviews the current status of lipid- and polymer-based particulate antigen delivery systems capable of stimulating CD8(+) T-cell immunity with special focus on mechanisms of priming and pharmaceutical requirements for optimal activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that can kill virus-infected or abnormal (cancer) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Foged
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Archaeosome adjuvant overcomes tolerance to tumor-associated melanoma antigens inducing protective CD8 T cell responses. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2010:578432. [PMID: 21318177 PMCID: PMC3034908 DOI: 10.1155/2010/578432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vesicles comprised of the ether glycerolipids of the archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii (archaeosomes) are potent adjuvants for evoking CD8+ T cell responses. We therefore explored the ability of archaeosomes to overcome immunologic tolerance to self-antigens. Priming and boosting of mice with archaeosome-antigen evoked comparable CD8+ T cell response and tumor protection to an alternate boosting strategy utilizing live bacterial vectors for antigen delivery. Vaccination with melanoma antigenic peptides TRP181-189 and Gp10025-33 delivered in archaeosomes resulted in IFN-γ producing antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with strong cytolytic capability and protection against subcutaneous B16 melanoma. Targeting responses against multiple antigens afforded prolonged median survival against melanoma challenge. Entrapment of multiple peptides within the same vesicle or admixed formulations were both effective at evoking CD8+ T cells against each antigen. Melanoma-antigen archaeosome formulations also afforded therapeutic protection against established B16 tumors when combined with depletion of T-regulatory cells. Overall, we demonstrate that archaeosome adjuvants constitute an effective choice for formulating cancer vaccines.
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Delivery of Exogenous Antigens to Induce Cytotoxic CD8+ T Lymphocyte Responses. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:218752. [PMID: 20508846 PMCID: PMC2874933 DOI: 10.1155/2010/218752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines intended to induce a cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell response are highly sought after. However, some of these vaccines can be problematic if they replicate in the host. An alternative strategy is to exploit cross-presentation of exogenous antigens to express peptides on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. During cross-presentation, the delivered exogenous antigen can be taken up and processed through diverse mechanisms. Here, we will discuss the recent advances regarding the complex nature of the cross-priming process and the models that reflect its relevance in vivo. Moreover, we summarize current data that explore potential adjuvants and vaccine vectors that deliver antigens to activate CD8+ T cells relying on cross-presentation.
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Imai T, Shen J, Chou B, Duan X, Tu L, Tetsutani K, Moriya C, Ishida H, Hamano S, Shimokawa C, Hisaeda H, Himeno K. Involvement of CD8+ T cells in protective immunity against murine blood-stage infection with Plasmodium yoelii 17XL strain. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:1053-61. [PMID: 20101613 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
When developing malaria vaccines, the most crucial step is to elucidate the mechanisms involved in protective immunity against the parasites. We found that CD8(+) T cells contribute to protective immunity against infection with blood-stage parasites of Plasmodium yoelii. Infection of C57BL/6 mice with P. yoelii 17XL was lethal, while all mice infected with a low-virulence strain of the parasite 17XNL acquired complete resistance against re-infection with P. yoelii 17XL. However, the host mice transferred with CD8(+) T cells from mice primed only with P. yoelii 17XNL failed to acquire protective immunity. On the other hand, the irradiated host mice were completely resistant to P. yoelii 17XL infection, showing no grade of parasitemia when adoptively transferred with CD8(+) T cells from immune mice that survived infection with both P. yoelii XNL and, subsequently, P. yoelii 17XL. These protective CD8(+) T cells from immune WT mice had the potential to generate IFN-gamma, perforin (PFN) and granzyme B. When mice deficient in IFN-gamma were used as donor mice for CD8(+) T cells, protective immunity in the host mice was fully abrogated, and the immunity was profoundly attenuated in PFN-deficient mice. Thus, CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma and PFN appear to be involved in protective immunity against infection with blood-stage malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Imai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Dicaire CJ, Yu SH, Whitfield DM, Sprott GD. Isopranoid- and dipalmitoyl-aminophospholipid adjuvants impact differently on longevity of CTL immune responses. J Liposome Res 2010; 20:304-14. [PMID: 20148707 DOI: 10.3109/08982100903544151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The success of lipid membranes as cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) adjuvants requires targeted uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and delivery of the antigen cargo to the cytosol for processing. To target the phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor of APCs, we prepared antigen-loaded liposomes containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine and archaeal lipid liposomes (archaeosomes), containing an equivalent amount of archaetidylserine, and compared their ability to promote short and long-term CTL activity in animals. CTL responses were enhanced by the incorporation of PS into phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes and, to a lesser extent, into phosphatidylglycerol/cholesterol liposomes, that correlated to the amount of surface amino groups reactive with trinitrobenzoyl sulfonate. Archaeosomes contrasted to the liposome adjuvants by exhibiting higher amounts of surface amino groups and inducing superior shorter and, especially, longer-term CTL responses. The incorporation of dipalmitoyl lipids into archaeosomes induced instability and prevented long-term, but not short-term, CTL responses in mice. The importance of glycero-lipid cores (isopranoid versus dipalmitoyl) to the longevity of the CTL response achieved was shown further by incorporating dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) or equivalent amounts of synthetic archaetidylethanolamine (AE) into archaeosome adjuvants. Both DPPE and AE at equivalent (5 mol%) concentrations enhanced the rapidity of CTL responses in mice, indicating the importance of the head group in the short term. In the longer term, 5% of DPPE (but not 5% of AE) was detrimental. In addition to head-group effects critical to the potency of short-term CTL responses, the longer term CTL adjuvant properties of archaeosomes may be ascribed to stability imparted by the archaeal isopranoid core lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal J Dicaire
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Lindenstrøm T, Agger EM, Korsholm KS, Darrah PA, Aagaard C, Seder RA, Rosenkrands I, Andersen P. Tuberculosis subunit vaccination provides long-term protective immunity characterized by multifunctional CD4 memory T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:8047-55. [PMID: 19494330 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Improved vaccines capable of promoting long-term cellular immunity are urgently required for a number of diseases that remain global health problems. In the present study, we demonstrate that a tuberculosis subunit vaccine, Ag85B-ESAT-6/CAF01 (where ESAT-6 is early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa and CAF01 is cationic adjuvant formulation 01), induces very robust memory CD4 T cell responses that are maintained at high levels for >1 year postvaccination. This long-term, vaccine-induced memory response protects against a challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis at levels that are comparable to or better than those of bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Characterization of the CD4 memory T cells by multicolor flow cytometry demonstrated that the long-lived memory population consisted almost exclusively of TNF-alpha(+)IL-2(+) and IFN-gamma(+)TNF-alpha(+)IL-2(+) multifunctional T cells. In addition, memory cells isolated >1 year postvaccination maintained a strong, vaccine-specific proliferative potential. Long-term memory induced by the BCG vaccine contained fewer multifunctional T cells and was biased toward effector cells mainly of the TNF-alpha(+)IFN-gamma(+)-coexpressing subset. Ag85B-ESAT-6/CAF01 vaccination very efficiently sustained multifunctional CD4 T cells that accumulated at the site of infection after M. tuberculosis challenge, whereas the response in unvaccinated animals was characterized by CD4 effector T cells. Our data demonstrate that adjuvanted subunit vaccines can promote long-term protective immune responses characterized by high levels of persisting multifunctional T cells and that the quality and profile of this response is sustained postinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lindenstrøm
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hagge DA, Saunders BM, Ebenezer GJ, Ray NA, Marks VT, Britton WJ, Krahenbuhl JL, Adams LB. Lymphotoxin-alpha and TNF have essential but independent roles in the evolution of the granulomatous response in experimental leprosy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:1379-89. [PMID: 19246648 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies identified an association between genetic variants in the lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha) gene and leprosy. To study the influence of LTalpha on the control of experimental leprosy, both low- and high-dose Mycobacterium leprae foot pad (FP) infections were evaluated in LTalpha-deficient chimeric (cLTalpha(-/-)) and control chimeric (cB6) mice. Cellular responses to low-dose infection in cLTalpha(-/-) mice were dramatically different, with reduced accumulation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and macrophages and failure to form granulomas. Growth of M. leprae was contained for 6 months, but augmented late in infection. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor knockout and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 knockout FPs exhibited extensive inflammatory infiltration with an increase in M. leprae growth throughout infection. Following high-dose infection, cB6 FP induration peaked at 4 weeks and was maintained for 12 weeks. Induration was not sustained in cLTalpha(-/-) FPs that contained few lymphocytes and no granulomas. There was a reduction in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors, including nitric oxide synthase 2, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule. Furthermore, cLTalpha(-/-) popliteal lymph nodes contained a higher proportion of naïve CD44(lo)CD62L(hi) T cells than cB6 mice, suggestive of reduced T cell activation. Therefore, both LTalpha and tumor necrosis factor are essential for the regulation of the granuloma, but they have distinctive roles in the recruitment of lymphocytes and maintenance of the granulomatous response during chronic M. leprae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna A Hagge
- DHHS, HRSA, Bureau of Primary Health Care, National Hansen's Disease Programs Laboratory Research Branch at LSU-SVM, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Sprott GD, Côté JP, Jarrell HC. Glycosidase-induced fusion of isoprenoid gentiobiosyl lipid membranes at acidic pH. Glycobiology 2008; 19:267-76. [PMID: 19029107 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A difficulty in explaining the mechanism whereby archaeal lipid membrane vesicles (archaeosomes) deliver entrapped protein antigens to the MHC class I cytosolic pathway from phagolysosomes of antigen-presenting cells has been the observation that they tend not to fuse. Here, we determine that archaeosomes, composed of archaeal isoprenoid mixtures of glyco and phospholipids, can be highly fusogenic when exposed to the pH and enzymes found in late phagolysosomes. Fusions were strictly dependent on acidic pH and the presence of alpha- or beta-glucosidase. Resonance energy transfer (RET) assays demonstrated that fusion conditions induced lipid mixing of archaeosome lipids with self-unlabeled archaeosomes. Because PC/PG/cholesterol liposomes by themselves did not fuse, it was possible to unequivocally show a fusion of rhodamine-labeled liposomes with archaeosomes by fluorescence microscopy and to demonstrate lipid mixing between labeled liposomes and archaeosomes by the RET assay. Radiotracer and (1)H NMR studies revealed that glycolipids in fused archaeosomes were not degraded significantly by glucosidase treatment during fusion. Rather, the glucosidases dramatically induced small archaeosomes to rapidly and visually aggregate at pH 4.8, but not 6.8, thus bringing membranes together appropriately as a first step in the fusion process. (1)H NMR was used to demonstrate that conditions causing aggregation correlated with binding of glucosidase to the archaeosomes. Binding at acidic pH occurred by the electrostatic interaction of positively charged glucosidase with the anionic phospholipids, although the interaction also occurred with the gentiobiosyl lipids. The data indicate a mechanism of membrane-membrane fusion for archaeal glycolipid membranes induced by glycosidase and illustrate the importance for inclusion of glycolipids in compositions of vesicles designed to deliver protein antigens to the cytosol for MHC class I presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dennis Sprott
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A OR6, Canada.
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A sopB deletion mutation enhances the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a heterologous antigen delivered by live attenuated Salmonella enterica vaccines. Infect Immun 2008; 76:5238-46. [PMID: 18765737 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00720-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SopB is a virulence factor of Salmonella encoded by SPI-5. Salmonella sopB deletion mutants are impaired in their ability to cause local inflammatory responses and fluid secretion into the intestinal lumen and also can enhance the immunogenicity of a vectored antigen. In this study, we evaluated the effects on immunogenicity and the efficacy of a sopB deletion mutation on two Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine strains with different attenuating mutations expressing a highly antigenic alpha-helical region of the Streptococcus pneumoniae surface protein PspA from an Asd(+)-balanced lethal plasmid. After oral administration to mice, the two pairs of strains induced high levels of serum antibodies specific for PspA as well as to Salmonella antigens. The levels of antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA were higher in mice immunized with sopB mutants. Enzyme-linked immunospot assay results indicated that the spleen cells from mice immunized with a sopB mutant showed higher interleukin-4 and gamma interferon secretion levels than did the mice immunized with the isogenic sopB(+) strain. The sopB mutants also induced higher numbers of CD4(+) CD44(hi) CD62L(hi) and CD8(+) CD44(hi) CD62L(hi) central memory T cells. Eight weeks after primary oral immunization, mice were challenged with 100 50% lethal doses of virulent S. pneumoniae WU2. Immunization with either of the sopB mutant strains led to increased levels of protection compared to that with the isogenic sopB(+) parent. Together, these results demonstrate that the deletion of sopB leads to an overall enhancement of the immunogenicity and efficacy of recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains.
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Synthesis of archaeal glycolipid adjuvants—what is the optimum number of sugars? Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2349-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Garcia Casado J, Janda J, Wei J, Chapatte L, Colombetti S, Alves P, Ritter G, Ayyoub M, Valmori D, Chen W, Lévy F. Lentivector immunization induces tumor antigen‐specific B and T cell responsesin vivo. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1867-76. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Sprott GD, Dicaire CJ, Côté JP, Whitfield DM. Adjuvant potential of archaeal synthetic glycolipid mimetics critically depends on the glyco head group structure. Glycobiology 2008; 18:559-65. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Krishnan L, Sprott GD. Archaeosome adjuvants: immunological capabilities and mechanism(s) of action. Vaccine 2008; 26:2043-55. [PMID: 18343538 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Archaeosomes (liposomes comprised of glycerolipids of Archaea) constitute potent adjuvants for the induction of Th1, Th2 and CD8(+) T cell responses to the entrapped soluble antigen. Archaeal lipids are uniquely constituted of ether-linked isoprenoid phytanyl cores conferring stability to the membranes. Additionally, varied head groups displayed on the glycerol-lipid cores facilitate unique immunostimulating interactions with mammalian antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The polar lipid from the archaeon, Methanobrevibacter smithii has been well characterized for its adjuvant potential, and is abundant in archaetidyl serine, promoting interaction with a phosphatidylserine receptor on APCs. These archaeosomes mediate MHC class I cross-priming via the phagosome-to-cytosol TAP-dependent classical processing pathway, and also upregulate costimulation by APCs without overt inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, they facilitate potent CD8(+) T cell memory to co-delivered antigen, comparable in magnitude and quality to live bacterial vaccine vectors. Archaeosome vaccines provide profound protection in murine models of infection and cancer. This technology is being developed for clinical application and offers a novel prospect for rational design and development of safe and potent subunit vaccines capable of eliciting T cell immunity against intracellular infections and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Krishnan
- National Research Council-Institute for Biological Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6.
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