1
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González-Fernández M, Vázquez-Coto D, Albaiceta GM, Amado-Rodríguez L, Clemente MG, Velázquez-Cuervo L, García-Lago C, Gómez J, Coto E. Chromosome-Y haplogroups in Asturias (Northern Spain) and their association with severe COVID-19. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:49. [PMID: 38704518 PMCID: PMC11069473 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine whether the common Y-haplogroups were be associated with the risk of developing severe COVID-19 in Spanish male. We studied 479 patients who required hospitalization due to COVID-19 and 285 population controls from the region of Asturias (northern Spain), They were genotyped for several polymorphisms that define the common European Y-haplogroups. We compared the frequencies between patients and controls aged ≤ 65 and >65 years. There were no different haplogroup frequencies between the two age groups of controls. Haplogroup R1b was less common in patients aged ≤65 years. Haplogroup I was more common in the two patient´s groups compared to controls (p = 0.02). Haplogroup R1b was significantly more frequent among hypertensive patients, without difference between the hypertensive and normotensive controls. This suggested that R1b could increase the risk for severe COVID-19 among male with pre-existing hypertension. In conclusion, we described the Y-haplogroup structure among Asturians. We found an increased risk of severe COVID-19 among haplogroup I carriers, and a significantly higher frequency of R1b among hypertensive patients. These results indicate that Y-chromosome variants could serve as markers to define the risk of developing a severe form of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Vázquez-Coto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo M Albaiceta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Amado-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta G Clemente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
- Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Claudia García-Lago
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.
- Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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2
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Cīrulis A, Hansson B, Abbott JK. Sex-limited chromosomes and non-reproductive traits. BMC Biol 2022; 20:156. [PMID: 35794589 PMCID: PMC9261002 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosomes are typically viewed as having originated from a pair of autosomes, and differentiated as the sex-limited chromosome (e.g. Y) has degenerated by losing most genes through cessation of recombination. While often thought that degenerated sex-limited chromosomes primarily affect traits involved in sex determination and sex cell production, accumulating evidence suggests they also influence traits not sex-limited or directly involved in reproduction. Here, we provide an overview of the effects of sex-limited chromosomes on non-reproductive traits in XY, ZW or UV sex determination systems, and discuss evolutionary processes maintaining variation at sex-limited chromosomes and molecular mechanisms affecting non-reproductive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aivars Cīrulis
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Krovi SH, Loh L, Spengler A, Brunetti T, Gapin L. Current insights in mouse iNKT and MAIT cell development using single cell transcriptomics data. Semin Immunol 2022; 60:101658. [PMID: 36182863 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Innate T (Tinn) cells are a collection of T cells with important regulatory functions that have a crucial role in immunity towards tumors, bacteria, viruses, and in cell-mediated autoimmunity. In mice, the two main αβ Tinn cell subsets include the invariant NKT (iNKT) cells that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by non-polymorphic CD1d molecules and the mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells that recognize vitamin B metabolites presented by the non-polymorphic MR1 molecules. Due to their ability to promptly secrete large quantities of cytokines either after T cell antigen receptor (TCR) activation or upon exposure to tissue- and antigen-presenting cell-derived cytokines, Tinn cells are thought to act as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems and have the ability to shape the overall immune response. Their swift response reflects the early acquisition of helper effector programs during their development in the thymus, independently of pathogen exposure and prior to taking up residence in peripheral tissues. Several studies recently profiled, in an unbiased manner, the transcriptomes of mouse thymic iNKT and MAIT cells at the single cell level. Based on these data, we re-examine in this review how Tinn cells develop in the mouse thymus and undergo effector differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liyen Loh
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | | | - Tonya Brunetti
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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4
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Riaz M, Mattisson J, Polekhina G, Bakshi A, Halvardson J, Danielsson M, Ameur A, McNeil J, Forsberg LA, Lacaze P. A polygenic risk score predicts mosaic loss of chromosome Y in circulating blood cells. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:205. [PMID: 34895331 PMCID: PMC8667399 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosaic loss of Y chromosome (LOY) is the most common somatic change that occurs in circulating white blood cells of older men. LOY in leukocytes is associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality and a range of common disease such as hematological and non-hematological cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and cardiovascular events. Recent genome-wide association studies identified up to 156 germline variants associated with risk of LOY. The objective of this study was to use these variants to calculate a novel polygenic risk score (PRS) for LOY, and to assess the predictive performance of this score in a large independent population of older men. Results We calculated a PRS for LOY in 5131 men aged 70 years and older. Levels of LOY were estimated using microarrays and validated by whole genome sequencing. After adjusting for covariates, the PRS was a significant predictor of LOY (odds ratio [OR] = 1.74 per standard deviation of the PRS, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.62–1.86, p < 0.001). Men in the highest quintile of the PRS distribution had > fivefold higher risk of LOY than the lowest (OR = 5.05, 95% CI 4.05–6.32, p < 0.001). Adding the PRS to a LOY prediction model comprised of age, smoking and alcohol consumption significantly improved prediction (AUC = 0.628 [CI 0.61–0.64] to 0.695 [CI 0.67–0.71], p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that a PRS for LOY could become a useful tool for risk prediction and targeted intervention for common disease in men. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00716-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonas Mattisson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Galina Polekhina
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Bakshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonatan Halvardson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Danielsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lars A Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,The Beijer Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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5
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Mattisson J, Danielsson M, Hammond M, Davies H, Gallant CJ, Nordlund J, Raine A, Edén M, Kilander L, Ingelsson M, Dumanski JP, Halvardson J, Forsberg LA. Leukocytes with chromosome Y loss have reduced abundance of the cell surface immunoprotein CD99. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15160. [PMID: 34312421 PMCID: PMC8313698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in immune cells is a male-specific mutation associated with increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The CD99 gene, positioned in the pseudoautosomal regions of chromosomes X and Y, encodes a cell surface protein essential for several key properties of leukocytes and immune system functions. Here we used CITE-seq for simultaneous quantification of CD99 derived mRNA and cell surface CD99 protein abundance in relation to LOY in single cells. The abundance of CD99 molecules was lower on the surfaces of LOY cells compared with cells without this aneuploidy in all six types of leukocytes studied, while the abundance of CD proteins encoded by genes located on autosomal chromosomes were independent from LOY. These results connect LOY in single cells with immune related cellular properties at the protein level, providing mechanistic insight regarding disease vulnerability in men affected with mosaic chromosome Y loss in blood leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mattisson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Danielsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Hammond
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Davies
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline J Gallant
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Nordlund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanda Raine
- Department of Medical Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Edén
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences / Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences / Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences / Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan P Dumanski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Faculty of Pharmacy, 3P Medicine Laboratory, International Research Agendas Programme, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jonatan Halvardson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars A Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,The Beijer Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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6
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Dumanski JP, Halvardson J, Davies H, Rychlicka-Buniowska E, Mattisson J, Moghadam BT, Nagy N, Węglarczyk K, Bukowska-Strakova K, Danielsson M, Olszewski P, Piotrowski A, Oerton E, Ambicka A, Przewoźnik M, Bełch Ł, Grodzicki T, Chłosta PL, Imreh S, Giedraitis V, Kilander L, Nordlund J, Ameur A, Gyllensten U, Johansson Å, Józkowicz A, Siedlar M, Klich-Rączka A, Jaszczyński J, Enroth S, Baran J, Ingelsson M, Perry JRB, Ryś J, Forsberg LA. Immune cells lacking Y chromosome show dysregulation of autosomal gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4019-4033. [PMID: 33837451 PMCID: PMC8106578 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations show that mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in leukocytes is associated with earlier mortality and morbidity from many diseases in men. LOY is the most common acquired mutation and is associated with aberrant clonal expansion of cells, yet it remains unclear whether this mosaicism exerts a direct physiological effect. We studied DNA and RNA from leukocytes in sorted- and single-cells in vivo and in vitro. DNA analyses of sorted cells showed that men diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease was primarily affected with LOY in NK cells whereas prostate cancer patients more frequently displayed LOY in CD4 + T cells and granulocytes. Moreover, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing in leukocytes allowed scoring of LOY from mRNA data and confirmed considerable variation in the rate of LOY across individuals and cell types. LOY-associated transcriptional effect (LATE) was observed in ~ 500 autosomal genes showing dysregulation in leukocytes with LOY. The fraction of LATE genes within specific cell types was substantially larger than the fraction of LATE genes shared between different subsets of leukocytes, suggesting that LOY might have pleiotropic effects. LATE genes are involved in immune functions but also encode proteins with roles in other diverse biological processes. Our findings highlight a surprisingly broad role for chromosome Y, challenging the view of it as a "genetic wasteland", and support the hypothesis that altered immune function in leukocytes could be a mechanism linking LOY to increased risk for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Dumanski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Faculty of Pharmacy and 3P Medicine Laboratory, International Research Agendas Programme, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jonatan Halvardson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Davies
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Edyta Rychlicka-Buniowska
- International Research Agendas Programme, 3P Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jonas Mattisson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Behrooz Torabi Moghadam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Noemi Nagy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kazimierz Węglarczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Bukowska-Strakova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcus Danielsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paweł Olszewski
- International Research Agendas Programme, 3P Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy and 3P Medicine Laboratory, International Research Agendas Programme, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Erin Oerton
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aleksandra Ambicka
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Kraków Branch, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Przewoźnik
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Kraków Branch, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bełch
- Department and Clinic of Urology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grodzicki
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr L Chłosta
- Department and Clinic of Urology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stefan Imreh
- Department Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Nordlund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Klich-Rączka
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Jaszczyński
- Department of Urology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre, Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jarosław Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janusz Ryś
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Kraków Branch, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lars A Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,The Beijer Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Y Chromosome Loss is a Frequent Event in Barrett's Adenocarcinoma and Associated with Poor Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071743. [PMID: 32629877 PMCID: PMC7408596 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The loss of the Y chromosome in various malignant diseases has been described previously. There are no reliable information on the actual frequency, significance and homogeneity of Y chromosome loss (LoY) in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Methods: 400 male EAC including lymph-node metastases were analyzed with commercially available Y chromosome specific fluorescence in-situ probes. The results were correlated with molecular and immunohistochemical markers and clinicopathological aspects. Results: The entire cohort (n = 400) showed a singular LoY of one chromosome arm in 1.0% (q-arm) and 2.8% (p-arm), complete LoY in 52.5%. LoY was strongly associated with shortened overall-survival (OS). Patients with preserved Y chromosome had a median OS of 58.8 months, patients with LoY an OS of 19.4 months (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed LoY as an independent prognostic marker with a hazard ratio of 1.835 (95% CI 1.233–2.725). LoY correlated with TP53 mutations (p = 0.003), KRAS amplification (p = 0.004), loss of ARID1a (p = 0.045) and presence of LAG3 (p = 0.018). Conclusions: Loss of the Y chromosome is a very common phenomenon in EAC. The LoY is heterogeneously distributed within the tumor, but corresponding lymph node metastases frequently show homogeneous LoY, indicating a selection and metastasizing advantage with poor prognosis. To date, the male predominance of EAC (7–9:1) is unclear, so genetic explanatory models are favored. The LoY in EAC may be biologically and functionally relevant and additional genomic or functional analyses are needed.
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8
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DeVault VL, Malagic M, Mei L, Dienz O, Lilley GWJ, Benoit P, Mistri SK, Musial SC, Ather JL, Poynter ME, Boyson JE. Regulation of invariant NKT cell development and function by a 0.14 Mbp locus on chromosome 1: a possible role for Fcgr3. Genes Immun 2018; 20:261-272. [PMID: 29880961 PMCID: PMC6286708 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are tissue-resident innate-like T cells critical to the host immune response. We previously identified a 6.6 Mbp region on chromosome 1 as a major regulator of iNKT cell number and function in C57BL/6 and 129X1/SvJ mice. Here, we fine-mapped this locus by assessing the iNKT cell response to alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) in a series of B6.129 congenic lines. This analysis revealed the presence of at least two genetic elements that regulate iNKT cell cytokine production in response to αGalCer. While one of these genetic elements mapped to the B6.129c6 interval containing Slam genes, the dominant regulator in this region mapped to the 0.14 Mbp B6.129c3 interval. In addition, we found that numbers of thymic iNKT cells and DP thymocytes were significantly lower in B6.129c3 mice, indicating that this interval also regulates iNKT cell development. Candidate gene analysis revealed a 5-fold increase in Fcgr3 expression in B6.129c3 iNKT cells, and we observed increased expression of FcγR3 protein on B6.129c3 iNKT cells, NK cells, and neutrophils. These data identify the B6.129c3 interval as a novel locus regulating the response of iNKT cells to glycosphingolipid, revealing a link between this phenotype and a polymorphism that regulates Fcgr3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L DeVault
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Murisa Malagic
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Linda Mei
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Oliver Dienz
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Graham W J Lilley
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Patrick Benoit
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Somen K Mistri
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Shawn C Musial
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ather
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jonathan E Boyson
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA. .,Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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9
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Case LK, Teuscher C. Y genetic variation and phenotypic diversity in health and disease. Biol Sex Differ 2015; 6:6. [PMID: 25866616 PMCID: PMC4392626 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-015-0024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually dimorphic traits arise through the combined effects of sex hormones and sex chromosomes on sex-biased gene expression, and experimental mouse models have been instrumental in determining their relative contribution in modulating sex differences. A role for the Y chromosome (ChrY) in mediating sex differences outside of development and reproduction has historically been overlooked due to its unusual genetic composition and the predominant testes-specific expression of ChrY-encoded genes. However, ample evidence now exists supporting ChrY as a mediator of other physiological traits in males, and genetic variation in ChrY has been linked to several diseases, including heart disease, cancer, and autoimmune diseases in experimental animal models, as well as humans. The genetic and molecular mechanisms by which ChrY modulates phenotypic variation in males remain unknown but may be a function of copy number variation between homologous X-Y multicopy genes driving differential gene expression. Here, we review the literature identifying an association between ChrY polymorphism and phenotypic variation and present the current evidence depicting the mammalian ChrY as a member of the regulatory genome in males and as a factor influencing paternal parent-of-origin effects in female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure K Case
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405 USA ; Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT 05405 USA ; University of Vermont, Given Medical Building C317, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
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10
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Praktiknjo SD, Llamas B, Scott-Boyer MP, Picard S, Robert F, Langlais D, Haibe-Kains B, Faubert D, Silversides DW, Deschepper CF. Novel effects of chromosome Y on cardiac regulation, chromatin remodeling, and neonatal programming in male mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4746-56. [PMID: 24105479 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the functions of chromosome Y (chrY) genes beyond their effects on sex and reproduction. In hearts, postpubertal testosterone affects the size of cells and the expression of genes differently in male C57BL/6J than in their C57.Y(A) counterparts, where the original chrY has been substituted with that from A/J mice. We further compared the 2 strains to better understand how chrY polymorphisms may affect cardiac properties, the latter being sexually dimorphic but unrelated to sex and reproduction. Genomic regions showing occupancy with androgen receptors (ARs) were identified in adult male hearts from both strains by chromatin immunoprecipitation. AR chromatin immunoprecipitation peaks (showing significant enrichment for consensus AR binding sites) were mostly strain specific. Measurements of anogenital distances in male pups showed that the biologic effects of perinatal androgens were greater in C57BL/6J than in C57.Y(A). Although perinatal endocrine manipulations showed that these differences contributed to the strain-specific differences in the response of adult cardiac cells to testosterone, the amounts of androgens produced by fetal testes were not different in each strain. Nonetheless, chrY polymorphisms associated in newborn pups' hearts with strain-specific differences in genomic regions showing either AR occupancy, accessible chromatin sites, or trimethylation of histone H3 Lysine 4 marks, as well as with differential expression of 2 chrY-encoded histone demethylases. In conclusion, the effects of chrY on adult cardiac phenotypes appeared to result from an interaction of this chromosome with the organizational programming effects exerted by the neonatal testosterone surge and show several characteristics of being mediated by an epigenetic remodeling of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Praktiknjo
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7.
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11
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Case LK, Wall EH, Dragon JA, Saligrama N, Krementsov DN, Moussawi M, Zachary JF, Huber SA, Blankenhorn EP, Teuscher C. The Y chromosome as a regulatory element shaping immune cell transcriptomes and susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Genome Res 2013; 23:1474-85. [PMID: 23800453 PMCID: PMC3759723 DOI: 10.1101/gr.156703.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the DNA elements that constitute and control the regulatory genome is critical for the appropriate therapeutic management of complex diseases. Here, using chromosome Y (ChrY) consomic mouse strains on the C57BL/6J (B6) background, we show that susceptibility to two diverse animal models of autoimmune disease, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and experimental myocarditis, correlates with the natural variation in copy number of Sly and Rbmy multicopy ChrY genes. On the B6 background, ChrY possesses gene regulatory properties that impact genome-wide gene expression in pathogenic CD4(+) T cells. Using a ChrY consomic strain on the SJL background, we discovered a preference for ChrY-mediated gene regulation in macrophages, the immune cell subset underlying the EAE sexual dimorphism in SJL mice, rather than CD4(+) T cells. Importantly, in both genetic backgrounds, an inverse correlation exists between the number of Sly and Rbmy ChrY gene copies and the number of significantly up-regulated genes in immune cells, thereby supporting a link between copy number variation of Sly and Rbmy with the ChrY genetic element exerting regulatory properties. Additionally, we show that ChrY polymorphism can determine the sexual dimorphism in EAE and myocarditis. In humans, an analysis of the CD4(+) T cell transcriptome from male multiple sclerosis patients versus healthy controls provides further evidence for an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of gene regulation by ChrY. Thus, as in Drosophila, these data establish the mammalian ChrY as a member of the regulatory genome due to its ability to epigenetically regulate genome-wide gene expression in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohamad Moussawi
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - James F. Zachary
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, USA
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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12
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Sun SL, Horino S, Itoh-Nakadai A, Kawabe T, Asao A, Takahashi T, So T, Funayama R, Kondo M, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Nakayama K, Ishii N. Y chromosome-linked B and NK cell deficiency in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:6209-20. [PMID: 23690476 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There are no primary immunodeficiency diseases linked to the Y chromosome, because the Y chromosome does not contain any vital genes. We have established a novel mouse strain in which all males lack B and NK cells and have Peyer's patch defects. By 10 wk of age, 100% of the males had evident immunodeficiencies. Mating these immunodeficient males with wild-type females on two different genetic backgrounds for several generations demonstrated that the immunodeficiency is linked to the Y chromosome and is inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Although multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that the Y chromosome in the mutant male mice was one third shorter than that in wild-type males, exome sequencing did not identify any significant gene mutations. The precise molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Bone marrow chimeric analyses demonstrated that an intrinsic abnormality in bone marrow hematopoietic cells causes the B and NK cell defects. Interestingly, fetal liver cells transplanted from the mutant male mice reconstituted B and NK cells in lymphocyte-deficient Il2rg(-/-) recipient mice, whereas adult bone marrow transplants did not. Transducing the EBF gene, a master transcription factor for B cell development, into mutant hematopoietic progenitor cells rescued B cell but not NK cell development both in vitro and in vivo. These Y chromosome-linked immunodeficient mice, which have preferential B and NK cell defects, may be a useful model of lymphocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-lan Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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13
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Chromosome y regulates survival following murine coxsackievirus b3 infection. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2012; 2:115-21. [PMID: 22384388 PMCID: PMC3276194 DOI: 10.1534/g3.111.001610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) contributes to the development of myocarditis, an inflammatory heart disease that predominates in males, and infection is a cause of unexpected death in young individuals. Although gonadal hormones contribute significantly to sex differences, sex chromosomes may also influence disease. Increasing evidence indicates that Chromosome Y (ChrY) genetic variants can impact biological functions unrelated to sexual differentiation. Using C57BL/6J (B6)-ChrY consomic mice, we show that genetic variation in ChrY has a direct effect on the survival of CVB3-infected animals. This effect is not due to potential Sry-mediated differences in prenatal testosterone exposure or to differences in adult testosterone levels. Furthermore, we show that ChrY polymorphism influences the percentage of natural killer T cells in B6-ChrY consomic strains but does not underlie CVB3-induced mortality. These data underscore the importance of investigating not only the hormonal regulation but also ChrY genetic regulation of cardiovascular disease and other male-dominant, sexually dimorphic diseases and phenotypes.
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14
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Crane MJ, Hokeness-Antonelli KL, Salazar-Mather TP. Regulation of inflammatory monocyte/macrophage recruitment from the bone marrow during murine cytomegalovirus infection: role for type I interferons in localized induction of CCR2 ligands. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:2810-7. [PMID: 19620305 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages are critical early innate immune responders during murine CMV (MCMV) infection. It has been established that inflammatory monocyte/macrophages are released from the bone marrow and into the peripheral blood before entry into infected tissue sites. We previously reported a role for IFN-alpha/beta in promotion of CCR2-mediated recruitment of monocyte/macrophages into the liver in response to MCMV infection. However, the mechanisms that support the migration of monocyte/macrophages from the bone marrow and into the peripheral blood under conditions of MCMV infection have not been elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate an accumulation of monocyte/macrophages in the bone marrow of MCMV-infected CCR2-deficient mice, whereas circulating monocyte/macrophages are profoundly diminished. The CCR2 ligands MCP-1, MCP-3, and MCP-5 are detected in bone marrow and in serum from MCMV-infected mice. Furthermore, bone marrow leukocytes from naive mice produce high levels of MCP-1 and MCP-5, and moderate levels of MCP-3, when stimulated with recombinant IFN-alpha in culture. We identify bone marrow F4/80(+) cells as major producers of MCP-1, MCP-3, and MCP-5. Moreover, induction of CCR2 ligands is dependent on IFN-alpha/beta-mediated signals and MCMV infection. Taken together, the results reveal a critical role for inflammatory cytokines in stimulating production of CCR2-binding chemokines from F4/80(+) cells in the bone marrow, and they suggest that local production of chemokines supports monocyte/macrophage egress from the bone marrow into the blood during a virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith J Crane
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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15
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Sezgin E, Lind JM, Shrestha S, Hendrickson S, Goedert JJ, Donfield S, Kirk GD, Phair JP, Troyer JL, O'Brien SJ, Smith MW. Association of Y chromosome haplogroup I with HIV progression, and HAART outcome. Hum Genet 2009; 125:281-94. [PMID: 19169712 PMCID: PMC2885350 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The host genetic basis of differential outcomes in HIV infection, progression, viral load set point and highly active retroviral therapy (HAART) responses was examined for the common Y haplogroups in European Americans and African Americans. Accelerated progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and related death in European Americans among Y chromosome haplogroup I (Y-I) subjects was discovered. Additionally, Y-I haplogroup subjects on HAART took a longer time to HIV-1 viral suppression and were more likely to fail HAART. Both the accelerated progression and longer time to viral suppression results observed in haplogroup Y-I were significant after false-discovery-rate corrections. A higher frequency of AIDS-defining illnesses was also observed in haplogroup Y-I. These effects were independent of the previously identified autosomal AIDS restriction genes. When the Y-I haplogroup subjects were further subdivided into six I subhaplogroups, no one subhaplogroup accounted for the effects on HIV progression, viral load or HAART response. Adjustment of the analyses for population stratification found significant and concordant haplogroup Y-I results. The Y chromosome haplogroup analyses of HIV infection and progression in African Americans were not significant. Our results suggest that one or more loci on the Y chromosome found on haplogroup Y-I have an effect on AIDS progression and treatment responses in European Americans.
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16
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Spach KM, Blake M, Bunn JY, McElvany B, Noubade R, Blankenhorn EP, Teuscher C. Cutting edge: the Y chromosome controls the age-dependent experimental allergic encephalomyelitis sexual dimorphism in SJL/J mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:1789-93. [PMID: 19201829 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a sexually dimorphic, demyelinating disease of the CNS, and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is its principal autoimmune model. Young male SJL/J mice are relatively resistant to EAE whereas older males and SJL/J females of any age are susceptible. By comparing a wide age range of proteolipid protein peptide 139-151 immunized mice, we found that female disease severity remains constant with age. In contrast, EAE disease severity increases with age in SJL/J males, with young males having significantly less severe disease and older males having significantly more disease than equivalently aged females. To determine whether the Y chromosome contributes to this sexual dimorphism, EAE was induced in consomic SJL/J mice carrying a B10.S Y chromosome (SJL.Y(B10.S)). EAE was significantly more severe in young male SJL.Y(B10.S) mice compared with young male SJL/J mice. These studies show that a Y chromosome-linked polymorphism controls the age-dependent EAE sexual dimorphism observed in SJL/J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Spach
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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