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Lee JY, Kim S, Sohn HJ, Kim CH, Kim TG, Lee HS. Local Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Impair Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:39. [PMID: 37878302 PMCID: PMC10615146 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the immune regulatory effect of human cord blood myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) models. Methods MDSCs (1 × 106) or PBS were injected into established C57BL/6 EAU mice via the subconjunctival route on days 0 and 7. The severity of intraocular inflammation was evaluated for up to 3 weeks. Tissue injury and inflammation were analyzed using immunolabelled staining, real-time PCR, and ELISA. In addition, immune cells in draining lymph nodes (LNs) were quantified using flow cytometry. Results After 21 days, the clinical scores and histopathological grades of EAU were lower in the MDSCs group compared with the PBS group. Local administration of MDSCs suppressed the oxidative stress and the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the retinal tissues. In addition, it inhibited the activation of pathogenic T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells in draining LNs. MDSCs increased the frequency of CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and the mRNA expression of IL-10, as an immune modulator. Conclusions MDSCs suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress in the retina and inhibited pathogenic T cells in the LNs in EAU. Therefore, ocular administration of MDSCs has therapeutic potential for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sueon Kim
- ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- ViGenCell Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States
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2
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Matas J, Llorenç V, Fonollosa A, Díaz-Valle D, Esquinas C, de la Maza MTS, Figueras-Roca M, Artaraz J, Berasategui B, Mesquida M, Adán A, Molins B. Systemic Regulatory T Cells and IL-6 as Prognostic Factors for Anatomical Improvement of Uveitic Macular Edema. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579005. [PMID: 33101305 PMCID: PMC7545109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether systemic immune mediators and circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs) could be prognostic factors for anatomic outcomes in macular edema secondary to non-infectious uveitis (UME). Methods Multicenter, prospective, observational, 12-month follow-up study of 60 patients with UME. Macular edema was defined as central subfield thickness (CST) > 300 μm measured with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Serum samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from venous blood extraction at baseline. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-10, and VEGF were determined by Luminex. Tregs population, defined as CD3+CD4+FoxP3+ in PBMC, was determined by flow cytometry. Main outcome measure was the predictive association between searched mediators and CST sustained improvement, defined as CST < 300 microns or a 20% CST decrease, at 6 months maintained until 12-months compared to baseline levels. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an association between CST sustained improvement at 12 months follow-up and IL-6 and Tregs baseline levels. Higher IL-6 levels were associated with less events of UME improvement (OR: 0.67, 95% CI (0.45–1.00), P = 0.042), whereas higher levels of Tregs favored such improvement (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12–2.56, P = 0.049). Conclusions Increased levels of Tregs and reduced levels of IL-6 in serum may be prognostic factors of sustained anatomical improvement in UME. These findings could enforce the opportunity to develop more efficient and personalized therapeutic approaches to improve long-term visual prognosis in patients with UME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Matas
- Group of Ocular Inflammation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Llorenç
- Group of Ocular Inflammation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Fonollosa
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Cruces, University of the Basque Country, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - David Díaz-Valle
- Ophthalmology Department and Health Research Institute (IdISSC), Hospital Clinic of San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Esquinas
- Valle Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Sainz de la Maza
- Group of Ocular Inflammation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Figueras-Roca
- Group of Ocular Inflammation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseba Artaraz
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Cruces, University of the Basque Country, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Barbara Berasategui
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Hospital Cruces, University of the Basque Country, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Marina Mesquida
- Group of Ocular Inflammation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Adán
- Group of Ocular Inflammation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Molins
- Group of Ocular Inflammation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Abstract
Inflammatory intraocular eye diseases, grouped under the term uveitis are blinding conditions, believed to be mediated by pathogenic autoimmune processes that overcome the protective mechanisms of the immune privilege status of the eye. An animal model for these diseases, named experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), is induced by initiation of immunity against ocular-specific antigens, or it develops spontaneously in mice with T-cells that transgenically express TCR specific to the target eye antigen(s). T-Cells specific to ocular antigens are generated in the thymus and their majority are eliminated by exposure to their target antigen expressed in this organ. T-cells that escape this negative selection acquire pathogenicity by their activation with the target antigen. In spontaneous EAU, the microbiota play crucial roles in the acquisition of pathogenicity by providing both antigenic stimulation, by molecules that mimic the target ocular antigen, and an additional stimulation that allows invasion of tissues that harbor the target antigen. The pathogenic process is physiologically inhibited by the peripheral tolerance, composed of antigen-specific T-regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. Deleting the Tregs enhances the ocular inflammation, whereas adoptively transferring them suppresses the pathogenic response. Potential usage of Treg cells for suppression of autoimmune diseases in humans is under intensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Gery
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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4
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Przeździecka-Dołyk J, Węgrzyn A, Turno-Kręcicka A, Misiuk-Hojło M. Immunopathogenic Background of Pars Planitis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:127-37. [PMID: 26438050 PMCID: PMC4805694 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pars planitis is defined as an intermediate uveitis of unknown background of systemic disease with characteristic formations such as vitreous snowballs, snowbanks and changes in peripheral retina. The incidence of pars planitis varies 2.4–15.4 % of the uveitis patients. The pathogenesis of the disease is to be determined in future. Clinical and histopathological findings suggest an autoimmune etiology, most likely as a reaction to endogenous antigen of unknown source, with T cells predominant in both vitreous and pars plana infiltrations. T cells subsets play an important role as a memory-effector peripheral cell. Snowbanks are formed as an effect of post inflammatory glial proliferation of fibrous astrocytes. There is also a genetic predisposition for pars planitis by human leukocyte antigen and several other genes. A coexistence of multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis has been described in numerous studies. Epiretinal membrane, cataract, cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, retinal vasculitis, neovascularization, vitreous peripheral traction, peripheral hole formation, vitreous hemorrhage, disc edema are common complications observed in pars planitis. There is a need to expand the knowledge of the pathogenic and immunologic background of the pars planitis to create an accurate pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Przeździecka-Dołyk
- Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Węgrzyn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Turno-Kręcicka
- Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Misiuk-Hojło
- Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
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5
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Silva CL, Bonato VLD, dos Santos-Júnior RR, Zárate-Bladés CR, Sartori A. Recent advances in DNA vaccines for autoimmune diseases. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:239-52. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.8.2.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chong WP, Horai R, Mattapallil MJ, Silver PB, Chen J, Zhou R, Sergeev Y, Villasmil R, Chan CC, Caspi RR. IL-27p28 inhibits central nervous system autoimmunity by concurrently antagonizing Th1 and Th17 responses. J Autoimmun 2013; 50:12-22. [PMID: 24021664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity such as uveitis and multiple sclerosis is accompanied by Th1 and Th17 responses. In their corresponding animal models, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), both responses are induced and can drive disease independently. Because immune responses have inherent plasticity, therapeutic targeting of only one pathway could promote the other, without reducing pathology. IL-27p28 antagonizes gp130, required for signaling by IL-27 and IL-6, which respectively promote Th1 and Th17 responses. We therefore examined its ability to protect the CNS by concurrently targeting both effector responses. Overexpression of IL-27p28 in vivo ameliorated EAU as well as EAE pathology and reduced tissue infiltration by Th1 and Th17 cells in a disease prevention, as well as in a disease reversal protocol. Mechanistic studies revealed inhibition of Th1 and Th17 commitment in vitro and decreased lineage stability of pre-formed effectors in vivo, with reduction in expression of gp130-dependent transcription factors and cytokines. Importantly, IL-27p28 inhibited polarization of human T cells to the Th1 and Th17 effector pathways. The ability of IL-27p28 to inhibit generation as well as function of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 effector cells has therapeutic implications for controlling immunologically complex autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Po Chong
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
| | - Reiko Horai
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
| | - Mary J Mattapallil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
| | - Phyllis B Silver
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
| | - Ru Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
| | - Yuri Sergeev
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
| | - Rafael Villasmil
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
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7
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Fissolo N, Costa C, Nurtdinov RN, Bustamante MF, Llombart V, Mansilla MJ, Espejo C, Montalban X, Comabella M. Treatment with MOG-DNA vaccines induces CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and up-regulates genes with neuroprotective functions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:139. [PMID: 22727044 PMCID: PMC3464883 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA vaccines represent promising therapeutic strategies in autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the precise mechanisms by which DNA vaccines induce immune regulation remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to expand previous knowledge existing on the mechanisms of action of DNA vaccines in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by treating EAE mice with a DNA vaccine encoding the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and exploring the therapeutic effects on the disease-induced inflammatory and neurodegenerative changes. Methods EAE was induced in C57BL6/J mice by immunization with MOG35-55 peptide. Mice were intramuscularly treated with a MOG-DNA vaccine or vehicle in prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Histological studies were performed in central nervous system (CNS) tissue. Cytokine production and regulatory T cell (Treg) quantification were achieved by flow cytometry. Gene expression patterns were determined using microarrays, and the main findings were validated by real-time PCR. Results MOG-DNA treatment reduced the clinical and histopathological signs of EAE when administered in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Suppression of clinical EAE was associated with dampening of antigen (Ag)-specific proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 immune responses and, interestingly, expansion of Treg in the periphery and upregulation in the CNS of genes encoding neurotrophic factors and proteins involved in remyelination. Conclusions These results suggest for the first time that the beneficial effects of DNA vaccines in EAE are not limited to anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and DNA vaccines may also exert positive effects through hitherto unknown neuroprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Fissolo
- Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, CEM-Cat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Spain
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8
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McPherson SW, Heuss ND, Gregerson DS. Regulation of CD8(+) T Cell Responses to Retinal Antigen by Local FoxP3(+) Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2012; 3:166. [PMID: 22737153 PMCID: PMC3380377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While pathogenic CD4 T cells are well known mediators of autoimmune uveoretinitis, CD8 T cells can also be uveitogenic. Since preliminary studies indicated that C57BL/6 mice were minimally susceptible to autoimmune uveoretinitis induction by CD8 T cells, the basis of the retinal disease resistance was sought. Mice that express β-galactosidase (βgal) on a retina-specific promoter (arrβgal mice) were backcrossed to mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and diphtheria toxin (DTx) receptor (DTR) under control of the Foxp3 promoter (Foxp3-DTR/GFP mice), and to T cell receptor transgenic mice that produce βgal-specific CD8 T cells (BG1 mice). These mice were used to explore the role of regulatory T cells in the resistance to retinal autoimmune disease. Experiments with T cells from double transgenic BG1 × Foxp3-DTR/GFP mice transferred into Foxp3-DTR/GFP × arrβgal mice confirmed that the retina was well protected from attempts to induce disease by adoptive transfer of activated BG1 T cells. The successful induction of retinal disease following unilateral intraocular administration of DTx to deplete regulatory T cells showed that the protective activity was dependent on local, toxin-sensitive regulatory T cells; the opposite, untreated eye remained disease-free. Although there were very few Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in the parenchyma of quiescent retina, and they did not accumulate in retina, their depletion by local toxin administration led to disease susceptibility. We propose that these regulatory T cells modulate the pathogenic activity of βgal-specific CD8 T cells in the retinas of arrβgal mice on a local basis, allowing immuno regulation to be responsive to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W McPherson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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9
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Walczak M, Regts J, van Oosterhout AJM, Boon L, Wilschut J, Nijman HW, Daemen T. Role of regulatory T-cells in immunization strategies involving a recombinant alphavirus vector system. Antivir Ther 2011; 16:207-18. [PMID: 21447870 DOI: 10.3851/imp1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T-cells (Treg) hamper immune responses elicited by cancer vaccines. Therefore, depletion of Treg is being used to improve the outcome of vaccinations. METHODS We studied whether an alphavirus vector-based immunotherapeutic vaccine changes the number and/or activity of Treg and if Treg depletion improves the efficacy of this vaccine against tumours. The vaccine is based on a Semliki Forest virus (SFV). The recombinant SFV replicon particles encode a fusion protein of E6 and E7 from human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 (SFVeE6,7). RESULTS We demonstrated that SFVeE6,7 immunization did not change Treg levels and their suppressive activity. Depletion of Treg in mice, using the novel anti-folate receptor 4 antibody, did not enhance the immune response induced by SFVeE6,7 immunization. Both the priming and the proliferation phases of the HPV-specific response elicited with SFVeE6,7 were not affected by the immune-suppressive activity of Treg. Moreover, Treg depletion did not improve the therapeutic antitumour response of SFVeE6,7 in a murine tumour model. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of the SFVeE6,7 vaccine was not hampered by Treg. Therefore, SFVeE6,7 seems a very promising candidate for the treatment of HPV-induced disease, as it may not require additional immune interventions to modulate Treg activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Walczak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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10
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Caspi RR. Understanding autoimmune uveitis through animal models. The Friedenwald Lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:1872-9. [PMID: 21450922 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Caspi
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1857, USA.
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11
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Rivas EI, Driver JP, Garabatos N, Presa M, Mora C, Rodriguez F, Serreze DV, Stratmann T. Targeting of a T cell agonist peptide to lysosomes by DNA vaccination induces tolerance in the nonobese diabetic mouse. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4078-87. [PMID: 21346228 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD4 T cells are crucial effectors in the pathology of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Successful therapeutic interventions for prevention and cure of T1D in humans are still elusive. Recent research efforts have focused on the manipulation of T cells by treatment with DNA. In this paper, we studied the effects of a DNA treatment strategy designed to target antigenic peptides to the lysosomal compartment on a monospecific T cell population termed 2.5mi(+) T cells that shares reactivity with the diabetogenic T cell clone BDC-2.5 in the NOD mouse. MHC class II tetramer analysis showed that repeated administrations were necessary to expand 2.5mi(+) T cells in vivo. This expansion was independent of Ag presentation by B cells. A single peptide epitope was sufficient to induce protection against T1D, which was not due to Ag-specific T cell anergy. Typical Th2 cytokines such as IL-10 or IL-4 were undetectable in 2.5mi(+) T cells, arguing against a mechanism of immune deviation. Instead, the expanded 2.5mi(+) T cell population produced IFN-γ similar to 2.5mi(+) T cells from naive mice. Protection against T1D by DNA treatment was completely lost in NOD.CD28(-/-) mice which are largely deficient of natural regulatory T cells (Treg). Although Ag-specific Foxp3(+) Treg did not expand in response to DNA treatment, diabetes onset was delayed in Treg-reconstituted and DNA-treated NOD.SCID mice. These observations provide evidence for a Treg-mediated protective mechanism that is independent of the expansion or de novo generation of Ag-specific Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa I Rivas
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Un K, Kawakami S, Suzuki R, Maruyama K, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Suppression of Melanoma Growth and Metastasis by DNA Vaccination Using an Ultrasound-Responsive and Mannose-Modified Gene Carrier. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:543-54. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100369n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Un
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 1091-1 Suwarashi, Midori-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5195, Japan
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 1091-1 Suwarashi, Midori-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5195, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
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13
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Walczak M, de Mare A, Riezebos-Brilman A, Regts J, Hoogeboom BN, Visser JT, Fiedler M, Jansen-Dürr P, van der Zee AGJ, Nijman HW, Wilschut J, Daemen T. Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunizations with a Virosomal and an Alphavirus Replicon Vaccine. Mol Pharm 2010; 8:65-77. [DOI: 10.1021/mp1002043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Walczak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan de Mare
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Riezebos-Brilman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Regts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baukje-Nynke Hoogeboom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen T. Visser
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Fiedler
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ate G. J. van der Zee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W. Nijman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wilschut
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Toos Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Tumour Virology Group, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria, and Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Sabatos-Peyton CA, Verhagen J, Wraith DC. Antigen-specific immunotherapy of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Curr Opin Immunol 2010; 22:609-15. [PMID: 20850958 PMCID: PMC2977065 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nearly a century has passed since the first report describing antigen-specific immunotherapy (antigen-SIT) was published. Research into the use of antigen-SIT in the treatment of both allergic and autoimmune disease has increased dramatically since, although its mechanism of action is only slowly being unravelled. It is clear though, from recent studies, that success of antigen-SIT depends on the induction of regulatory T (T reg) cell subsets that recognise potentially disease-inducing epitopes. The major challenge remaining for the widespread use of antigen-SIT is to safely administer high doses of immunodominant and potentially pathogenic epitopes in a manner that induces T cell tolerance rather than activation. This review illustrates that intelligent design of treatment agents and strategies can lead to the development of safe and effective antigen-SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Sabatos-Peyton
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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15
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Abstract
Autoimmune and inflammatory uveitis are a group of potentially blinding intraocular inflammatory diseases that arise without a known infectious trigger and are often associated with immunological responses to unique retinal proteins. In the United States, about 10% of the cases of severe visual handicap are attributed to this group of disorders. As I discuss here, experimental models of ocular autoimmunity targeting retinal proteins have brought about a better understanding of the basic immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of uveitis and are serving as templates for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Autoimmune diseases represent a group of disorders in which there exists a large unmet medical need for effective treatments, but also where there exists a tremendous responsibility among physicians and drug developers to maintain adequate and acceptable patient safety. Several drugs have been approved and many others are about to be approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, but in pushing the envelope of therapeutic efficacy, concerns have been raised about the long-term safety of these new therapies. DNA vaccines provide a method of treating autoimmune diseases in a highly specific manner, and could therefore overcome these safety concerns while still maintaining comparable efficacy. The numerous reports of DNA vaccines in animal models of autoimmune diseases and results from three recent human trials of DNA vaccines in autoimmune diseases are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Garren
- Bayhill Therapeutics, Inc., Suite 150, San Mateo, CA 94404, USA.
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17
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Yeh S, Li Z, Forooghian F, Hwang FS, Cunningham MA, Pantanelli S, Lew JC, Wroblewski KK, Vitale S, Nussenblatt RB. CD4+Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells in noninfectious uveitis. ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 2009; 127:407-13. [PMID: 19365016 PMCID: PMC2928652 DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate CD4(+)Foxp3(+) (forkhead box P3) T-regulatory cell populations in patients with uveitis and to determine if T-regulatory cell populations are associated with disease features. METHODS Patients with uveitis were evaluated for CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells by flow cytometry. Systemic and ocular diagnoses, disease activity, and the presence of cystoid macular edema were reviewed. Percentages of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) lymphocytes were compared for patients with inactive vs active disease, systemic vs ocular diagnoses, and the presence or absence of cystoid macular edema. Real-time polymerase chain reaction testing was performed on 2 patients with extremely low CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cell populations to assess Foxp3 mRNA. RESULTS A total of 20 patients with intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, and panuveitis were evaluated. The mean age was 40.6 years and the mean visual acuity was 20/57. Percentages of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells were lower in patients with active compared with inactive uveitis (P< .05). No differences in T-regulatory cells were observed between the other subgroups. Two patients with recalcitrant uveitis who demonstrated less than 1% CD4(+)Foxp3(+) lymphocytes showed extremely low or absent Foxp3 mRNA. CONCLUSION T-regulatory cells are reduced in patients with active compared with inactive disease. Severe depletion of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and Foxp3 mRNA in 2 patients with severe uveitis suggests that loss of the T-regulatory cells of uveitis may be a salient feature in certain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Yeh
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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18
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Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in animals serves as a model of human uveitis. EAU can be induced in mice by immunization with the retinal antigen interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or by IRBP-pulsed mature dendritic cells, and can be driven either by a Th17 or a Th1 effector response, depending on the model. The direction of the response is affected by conditions present during the exposure to antigen, including the quality/quantity of innate receptor stimulation and/or type of APC. IL-17 and IFN-gamma production by innate cells such as NKT may also affect the disease process. If exposure to antigen is via a hydrodynamic DNA vaccination with an IRBP-encoding plasmid, the response is directed to a regulatory phenotype, and disease is ameliorated or prevented. Our data shed light on effector and regulatory responses in autoimmune disease, provide balance to the Th1/Th17 paradigm and help to explain the clinical heterogeneity of human uveitis, which occurs in the face of responses to the same ocular antigen(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Caspi
- NIH/UPenn Graduate Program, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 10N222, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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19
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McPherson SW, Heuss ND, Gregerson DS. Lymphopenia-induced proliferation is a potent activator for CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune disease in the retina. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:969-79. [PMID: 19124740 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.2.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To study retinal immunity in a defined system, a CD4+ TCR transgenic mouse line (betagalTCR) specific for beta-galactosidase (betagal) was created and used with transgenic mice that expressed betagal in retinal photoreceptor cells (arrbetagal mice). Adoptive transfer of resting betagalTCR T cells, whether naive or Ag-experienced, into arrbetagal mice did not induce retinal autoimmune disease (experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis, EAU) and gave no evidence of Ag recognition. Generation of betagalTCR T cells in arrbetagal mice by use of bone marrow grafts, or double-transgenic mice, also gave no retinal disease or signs of Ag recognition. Arrbetagal mice were also resistant to EAU induction by adoptive transfer of in vitro-activated betagalTCR T cells, even though the T cells were pathogenic if the betagal was expressed elsewhere. In vitro manipulations to increase T cell pathogenicity before transfer did not result in EAU. The only strategy that induced a high frequency of severe EAU was transfer of naive, CD25-depleted, betagalTCR T cells into lymphopenic arrbetagal recipients, implicating regulatory T cells in the T cell inoculum, as well as in the recipients, in the resistance to EAU. Surprisingly, activation of the CD25-depleted betagalTCR T cells before transfer into the lymphopenic recipients reduced EAU. Taken together, the results suggest that endogenous regulatory mechanisms, as well as peripheral induction of regulatory T cells, play a role in the protection from EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W McPherson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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20
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Dittmer U, Werner T, Kraft ARM. Co-immunization of mice with a retroviral DNA vaccine and GITRL-encoding plasmid augments vaccine-induced protection against retrovirus infection. Viral Immunol 2009; 21:459-67. [PMID: 19115935 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2008.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than 30 years of research a HIV vaccine is still not at hand. DNA vectors expressing viral antigens are very safe vaccines, but so far they have not been efficient enough to induced broad protective immunity against retroviruses. One strategy to enhance the efficiency of DNA vaccines is to augment effector T-cell priming against viral components by manipulating regulatory T-cell functions (Treg). Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) is a molecule that is constitutively expressed on CD4(+) Treg cells, and antibodies or natural ligands binding this molecule can impair Treg cell suppression. Here we demonstrate using the retroviral Friend virus (FV) mouse model, that co-immunization of FV antigens along with GITR-ligand (GITRL) encoding plasmids protected mice efficiently against a FV challenge. On the other hand, treatment of DNA-vaccinated mice with alpha-GITR antibody did not improve vaccine-induced protection at all. Thus, for an effective priming of immunity against FV, GITRL and viral antigens might have to be expressed within the same local environment. The data suggest that limitations in DNA vaccination can be overcome by co-expressing co-stimulatory molecules that potentially manipulate the function of Treg cells during priming of anti-retroviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Dittmer
- Institut für Virologie des Universitätsklinikums Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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21
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Andersson Å, Isaksson M, Wefer J, Norling A, Flores-Morales A, Rorsman F, Kämpe O, Harris RA, Lobell A. Impaired autoimmune T helper 17 cell responses following DNA vaccination against rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3682. [PMID: 18997868 PMCID: PMC2577303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously shown that vaccination with DNA encoding the encephalitogenic peptide myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)91–108 (pMOG) suppresses MOG91–108-induced rat Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for human Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The suppressive effect of pMOG is dependent on inclusion of CpG DNA in the plasmid backbone and is associated with early induction of Interferon (IFN)-β. Principal Findings In this study we examined the mechanisms underlying pMOG-induced protection. We found that in the DNA vaccinated cohort proinflammatory Interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-21 responses were dramatically reduced compared to in the control group, but that the expression of Foxp3 and Tumor Growth Factor (TGF)-β1, which are associated with regulatory T cells, was not enhanced. Moreover, genes associated with Type I IFNs were upregulated. To delineate the role of IFN-β in the protective mechanism we employed short interfering RNA (siRNA) to IFN-β in the DNA vaccine. SiRNA to IFN-β completely abrogated the protective effects of the vaccine, demonstrating that a local early elaboration of IFN-β is important for EAE protection. IL-17 responses comparable to those in control rats developed in rats injected with the IFN-β-silencing DNA vaccine. Conclusions We herein demonstrate that DNA vaccination protects from proinflammatory Th17 cell responses during induction of EAE. The mechanism involves IFN-β as IL-17 responses are rescued by silencing of IFN-β during DNA vaccination.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Female
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Immunosuppressive Agents/immunology
- Interferon-beta/immunology
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukins/immunology
- Myelin Proteins
- Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- Transfection
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Magnus Isaksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Judit Wefer
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Norling
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Rorsman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Kämpe
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert A. Harris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lobell
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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22
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Cortes LM, Avichezer D, Silver PB, Luger D, Mattapallil MJ, Chan CC, Caspi RR. Inhibitory peptide analogs derived from a major uveitogenic epitope protect from antiretinal autoimmunity by inducing type 2 and regulatory T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:577-85. [PMID: 18495789 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0308189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified inhibitory peptide analogs (IPAs), capable of immunomodulating experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), induced in B10.RIII mice by immunization with the retinal antigen interphotoreceptor-binding protein in CFA. Alanine-substituted peptides of the major pathogenic epitope, residues 161-180, were synthesized. They were tested for immunogenicity, cross-reactivity with the native 161-180 epitope, pathogenicity, and ability to prevent EAU when given in IFA before EAU challenge with native murine (m)161-180. Two peptides, 169A and 171A, were unable to elicit disease but cross-reacted with m161-180 by lymphocyte proliferation. Mice pretreated with either of the substituted peptides failed to develop EAU after challenge with the native epitope, m161-180, and had reduced cellular responses by lymphocyte proliferation and by delayed hypersensitivity. Their cytokine response profile to m161-180 showed reduced antigen-specific IFN-gamma and IL-17, whereas IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 from IPA-protected mice were increased, and serum antibody titers to m161-180 revealed reduced IgG2a and elevated IgG1 isotypes, suggesting a Th2 shift in the response. Protection was transferable with lymphoid cells from protected donors to naïve recipients, who were subsequently immunized for EAU. Thus, IPA pretreatment prevents induction of EAU by skewing the response to a subsequent uveitogenic challenge with the native peptide to a nonpathogenic phenotype, as well as by eliciting transferable regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette M Cortes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, 10 Center Drive, 10/10N222, Bethesda, MD 20893-1857, USA
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23
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Bourquin C, van der Haar ME, Anz D, Sandholzer N, Neumaier I, Endres S, Skerra A, Schwab ME, Linington C. DNA vaccination efficiently induces antibodies to Nogo-A and does not exacerbate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 588:99-105. [PMID: 18495110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies against the neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo-A enhance axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury. However, antibodies directed against myelin components can also enhance CNS inflammation. The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of DNA vaccination for generating antibodies against Nogo-A and to study their pathogenic potential in a mouse model for multiple sclerosis. Mice were immunized by a single i.m. injection of a plasmid expression vector encoding either full length membrane-integral Nogo-A equipped with a signal peptide or two versions of its large N-terminal extramembrane region. The presence of serum antibodies to Nogo-A was measured 4 weeks after injection by ELISA, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. DNA vaccination efficiently induced production of Nogo-A-specific antibodies that recognized recombinant, intracellular Nogo-A in cell culture but also stained native Nogo-A on the oligodendrocyte surface. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was induced in DNA-vaccinated mice by immunization with proteolipid peptide (a.a. 139-154). In contrast to vaccination with DNA encoding myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein that exacerbates this disease, Nogo-A DNA vaccination did not enhance clinical severity of disease. In summary, DNA vaccination is a simple and efficient method for generating an antibody response to Nogo-A. No pathogenicity was observed even during a full-blown inflammatory response of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Bourquin
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Max-Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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24
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Raska M, Belakova J, Horynova M, Krupka M, Novotny J, Sebestova M, Weigl E. Systemic and mucosal immunization with Candida albicans hsp90 elicits hsp90-specific humoral response in vaginal mucosa which is further enhanced during experimental vaginal candidiasis. Med Mycol 2008; 46:411-20. [PMID: 18608941 DOI: 10.1080/13693780701883508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Candida albicans heat shock protein 90 kDa (hsp90-CA) is an important target for protective antibodies in disseminated candidiasis of experimental mice and humans. Hsp90-CA is present in the cell wall of Candida pseudohyphae or hyphae--typical pathogenic morphotypes in both mucosal and systemic Candida infections. However, the potential protective effects of hsp90-CA-specific antibodies in vaginal candidiasis has not yet been reported. In the present study we used various vaccine formulations (recombinant hsp90-CA protein and hsp90-CA-encoding DNA vaccine) and routes of administration (intradermal, intranasal, and intravenous) to induce both hsp90-CA-specific systemic and vaginal mucosa immune responses in experimental BALB/c mice. The results showed that intradermal recombinant hsp90-CA protein priming, followed by intranasal or intradermal recombinant hsp90-CA protein boosting induced significant increases in both serum and vaginal hsp90-CA-specific IgG and IgA antibodies compared to the control group, as well as enhanced hsp90-CA-specific splenocyte responses in vitro. In the intradermally boosted group, subsequent experimental vaginal Candida infection induced additional increases in the hsp90-CA specific IgG isotype, suggesting that Candida has the ability to induce a local hsp90-specific antibody (IgG) response during vulvovaginal candidiasis. Further work is required to elucidate the importance of immunity to highly conserved antigens during infection of the human female reproductive tract where a balance between immunity to and tolerance for commonly antigens such as hsp90 is necessary for the maintenance of fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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