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Kim HJ, Jeong MS, Jang SB. Identification and structure of AIMP2-DX2 for therapeutic perspectives. BMB Rep 2024; 57:318-323. [PMID: 38835119 PMCID: PMC11289502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell fate and lung cell differentiation is associated with Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS)-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2), which acts as a non-enzymatic component required for the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. In response to DNA damage, a component of AIMP2 separates from the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, binds to p53, and prevents its degradation by MDM2, inducing apoptosis. Additionally, AIMP2 reduces proliferation in TGF-β and Wnt pathways, while enhancing apoptotic signaling induced by tumor necrosis factor-β. Given the crucial role of these pathways in tumorigenesis, AIMP2 is expected to function as a broad-spectrum tumor suppressor. The full-length AIMP2 transcript consists of four exons, with a small section of the pre-mRNA undergoing alternative splicing to produce a variant (AIMP2-DX2) lacking the second exon. AIMP2-DX2 binds to FBP, TRAF2, and p53 similarly to AIMP2, but competes with AIMP2 for binding to these target proteins, thereby impairing its tumor-suppressive activity. AIMP2-DX2 is specifically expressed in a diverse range of cancer cells, including breast cancer, liver cancer, bone cancer, and stomach cancer. There is growing interest in AIMP2-DX2 as a promising biomarker for prognosis and diagnosis, with AIMP2-DX2 inhibition attracting significant interest as a potentially effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung, ovarian, prostate, and nasopharyngeal cancers. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(7): 318-323].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jin Kim
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Jeong
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Se Bok Jang
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Amanya SB, Oyewole-Said D, Ernste KJ, Bisht N, Murthy A, Vazquez-Perez J, Konduri V, Decker WK. The mARS complex: a critical mediator of immune regulation and homeostasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1423510. [PMID: 38975338 PMCID: PMC11224427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the course of evolution, many proteins have undergone adaptive structural changes to meet the increasing homeostatic regulatory demands of multicellularity. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS), enzymes that catalyze the attachment of each amino acid to its cognate tRNA, are such proteins that have acquired new domains and motifs that enable non-canonical functions. Through these new domains and motifs, aaRS can assemble into large, multi-subunit complexes that enhance the efficiency of many biological functions. Moreover, because the complexity of multi-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (mARS) complexes increases with the corresponding complexity of higher eukaryotes, a contribution to regulation of homeostatic functions in multicellular organisms is hypothesized. While mARS complexes in lower eukaryotes may enhance efficiency of aminoacylation, little evidence exists to support a similar role in chordates or other higher eukaryotes. Rather, mARS complexes are reported to regulate multiple and variegated cellular processes that include angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, anaphylaxis, and metabolism. Because all such processes are critical components of immune homeostasis, it is important to understand the role of mARS complexes in immune regulation. Here we provide a conceptual analysis of the current understanding of mARS complex dynamics and emerging mARS complex roles in immune regulation, the increased understanding of which should reveal therapeutic targets in immunity and immune-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Bright Amanya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Damilola Oyewole-Said
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keenan J. Ernste
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nalini Bisht
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arnav Murthy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Vazquez-Perez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William K. Decker
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Yuan C, Liu X, Cai S, Zhang L, Guo R, Jia Z, Sun Y, Li B. Secreted aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-1 (AIMP1) is a promising predictor for the severity of acute AQP4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 70:104504. [PMID: 36623394 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex interacting with multifunctional protein-1 (AIMP1) has been reported to carry pro-inflammatory properties and anti-angiogenesis effects. However, the exact role of AIMP1 in patients with NMOSD is not yet clear. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between plasma AIMP1 levels and disease severity in patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD from North China based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. METHODS Plasma AIMP1 levels were measured using ELISA kits in 94 patients with AQP4-IgG+NMOSD (48 in the acute phase before high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) therapy, 21 in the acute phase after IVMP therapy, 25 in the clinical remission-phase)as well as 33 healthy controls (HCs). The disability function of NMOSD patients was evaluated using the EDSS score. Furthermore, the clinical characteristics of the patients were also evaluated, and laboratory tests were performed on blood samples. RESULTS The plasma AIMP1 levels in AQP4-IgG+NMOSD patients with acute phase before IVMP therapy were significantly higher as compared to those in patients after the IVMP therapy (p < 0.001) as well as those in the clinical remission phase (p = 0.021) or HCs (p < 0.001). Plasma AIMP1 levels were positively correlated with EDSS scores (r = 0.485, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with serum complement 3 concentrations (r =-0.452, p = 0.001). AIMP1 exhibited the potential to distinguish NMOSD from HCs (AUROC 0.820, p < 0.0001) and could differentiate mild and moderate-severe NMOSD (AUROC 0.790, p = 0.0006). Furthermore, plasma AIMP1 levels of ≥49.55pg/mL were found to be an independent predictor of the risk for moderate-severe NMOSD (with OR 0.03, 95%CI 0.001-0.654, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION AIMP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AQP4-IgG+NMOSD disease and predict the disease activity, severity, or effect of treatment in patients with NMOSD. Further studies should be performed to reveal the precise mechanisms of AQP4-IgG+NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Department of Neurology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xueyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Ruoyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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Saber MM, Nomair AM, Osman AM, Nomeir HM, Farag NM. Endothelial Monocyte-Activating Polypeptide-II Is an Indicator of Severity and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122177. [PMID: 36560587 PMCID: PMC9784120 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Data for predicting the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are limited, and investigations are ongoing. Endothelial monocyte-activating protein II (EMAP-II) is a multifunctional polypeptide with pro-inflammatory properties. EMAP-II is a significant pathogenic component in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and lung injury. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential utility of EMAP-II as a predictor of COVID-19 severity and mortality. This study included 20 healthy volunteers and 60 verified COVID-19 patients. Nasopharyngeal samples from COVID-19-positive subjects and normal volunteers were collected at admission. The nasopharyngeal samples were subjected to EMAP-II real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). EMAP-II RNA was not detected in nasopharyngeal swabs of normal controls and mild to asymptomatic COVID-19 patients and was only detectable in severe COVID-19 patients. EMAP-II critical threshold (Ct) was positively associated with lymphocyte percentages and oxygen saturation (p < 0.001) while being negatively associated with age (p = 0.041), serum CRP, ferritin, and D-dimer levels (p < 0.001). EMAP-II Ct cutoff ≤34 predicted a worse outcome in COVID-19 illness, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Our study suggests that EMAP-II could be considered a potential biomarker of COVID-19 severity. EMAP-II can predict the fatal outcome in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Mohamed Saber
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Azhar Mohamed Nomair
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M. Osman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hanan Mohamed Nomeir
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M. Farag
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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EMAP II Expression Is Increased on Peripheral Blood Cells from Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7219207. [PMID: 36132984 PMCID: PMC9484964 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7219207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune evasion is a lineament of cancer. Endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide-II (EMAP II) has been assumed to impact tumor immune escape significantly. EMAP II was first reported in the murine methylcholanthrene A-induced fibrosarcoma supernatant and identified as a tumor-derived cytokine. This study evaluated EMAP II expression in peripheral blood cells and its association with treatment outcome, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and clinical criteria in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. EMAP II expression on different blood cells obtained from the peripheral blood of 80 NHL patients was evaluated by two-color flow cytometry. The study reported that EMAP II expression was significantly increased in peripheral blood cells in patients with NHL compared to normal volunteers (P < 0.001). Additionally, EMAP II expression levels on blood cells decreased in complete remission (CR) while they increased in relapse. This study showed coexpression of EMAP II and CD36 on peripheral lymphocytes in NHL patients but not in healthy controls (P < 0.001). EMAP II expression on blood cells was associated with increased serum LDH levels. Furthermore, the percentages of EMAP II+/CD36+ peripheral lymphocytes were significantly higher in relapse than in CR and healthy controls. Analyses revealed that higher percentages of EMAP II+CD36+ cells were positively correlated with hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and an advanced (intermediate and high risk) NHL stage. The results assume that EMAP II might be involved in NHL development and pathogenesis.
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Oh Y, Jung HJ, Hong S, Cho Y, Park J, Cho D, Kim TS. Aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 induces microglial activation and M1 polarization via the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:977205. [PMID: 36159396 PMCID: PMC9491728 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.977205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglia, which is the primary immune cell of the central nervous system, plays an important role in neuroinflammation associated with several neuronal diseases. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (ARS) complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1), a structural component of the multienzyme ARS complex, is secreted to trigger a pro-inflammatory function and has been associated with several inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of AIMP1 on microglial activation remains unknown. AIMP1 elevated the expression levels of activation-related cell surface markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary and BV-2 microglial cells. In addition to the AIMP1-mediated increase in the expression levels of M1 markers [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β], the expression levels of CD68, an M1 cell surface molecule, were also increased in AIMP-1-treated microglial cells, while those of CD206, an M2 cell surface molecule, were not, indicating that AIMP1 triggers the polarization of microglial cells into the M1 state but not the M2 state. AIMP1 treatment induced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), while MAPK inhibitors suppressed the AIMP1-induced microglial cell activation. AIMP1 also induced the phosphorylation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) components and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit in microglial cells. Furthermore, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 inhibitors markedly suppressed the AIMP1-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB components as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit, suggesting the involvement of JNK and p38 as upstream regulators of NF-κB in AIMP1-induced microglial cell activation. The NF-κB inhibitor suppressed the AIMP1-induced M1 polarization of the microglial cells. Taken together, AIMP1 effectively induces M1 microglial activation via the JNK and p38/NF-κB-dependent pathways. These results suggest that AIMP1 released under stress conditions may be a pathological factor that induces neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hak-Jun Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungwon Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yerim Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyeong Park
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Tae Sung Kim,
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Farhadi Biregani A, Khodadadi A, Doosti A, Asadirad A, Ghasemi Dehcheshmeh M, Ghadiri AA. Allergen specific immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding OVA-immunodominant T cell epitope fused to Tregitope in a murine model of allergy. Cell Immunol 2022; 376:104534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase: A Non-Negligible Molecule in RNA Viral Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030613. [PMID: 35337020 PMCID: PMC8955326 DOI: 10.3390/v14030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to have a huge impact on global health, and the host-virus interaction remains incompletely understood. To address the global threat, in-depth investigations in pathogenesis are essential for interventions in infectious diseases and vaccine development. Interestingly, aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs), an ancient enzyme family that was once considered to play housekeeping roles in protein synthesis, are involved in multiple viral infectious diseases. Many aaRSs in eukaryotes present as the components of a cytoplasmic depot system named the multi-synthetase complex (MSC). Upon viral infections, several components of the MSC are released and exert nonenzymatic activities. Host aaRSs can also be utilized to facilitate viral entry and replication. In addition to their intracellular roles, some aaRSs and aaRS-interacting multi-functional proteins (AIMPs) are secreted as active cytokines or function as “molecule communicators” on the cell surface. The interactions between aaRSs and viruses ultimately affect host innate immune responses or facilitate virus invasion. In this review, we summarized the latest advances of the interactions between aaRSs and RNA viruses, with a particular emphasis on the therapeutic potentials of aaRSs in viral infectious diseases.
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Tandon S, Muthuswami R, Madhubala R. Role of two aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase associated proteins (Endothelial Monocyte Activating Polypeptides 1 and 2) of Leishmania donovani in chemotaxis of human monocytes. Acta Trop 2021; 224:106128. [PMID: 34509454 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. It is a fatal form of leishmaniasis prevalent in Indian subcontinent. Since there are no human licensed vaccines available for leishmaniasis, chemotherapeutic drugs remain the only means for combating parasitic infections. We have earlier identified a total of 26 amino-acyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS) along with five stand-alone editing domains and two aaRS-associated proteins in Leishmania donovani. In addition to their canonical role of tRNA aminoacylation, aaRS have been involved in novel functions by acquiring novel domains during evolution. The aaRS-associated proteins have been reported to be analogous to a human cytokine, EMAP II, as they possess a modified version of the heptapeptide motif responsible for the cytokine activity. In this manuscript, we report the characterization of two L. donovani aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase associated proteins which showed a human chemokine like activity. Both the proteins, L. donovani EMAP-1 and EMAP-2, possess a modified form of the heptapeptide motif, which is responsible for cytokine activity in human EMAP-2. LdEMAP-1 and LdEMAP-2 were cloned, expressed, and purified. Both LdEMAP-1 and LdEMAP-2 proteins in the promastigote stage were found to be localized in cytoplasm as confirmed by immunofluorescence. In case of L. donovani infected human THP-1 derived macrophages, secretion of LdEMAP-1 and LdEMAP-2 proteins in the cytosol of the macrophages was observed. The role of LdEMAP-1 and LdEMAP-2 in the aminoacylation of rLdTyrRS was also tested and LdEMAP-2 but not LdEMAP-1 increased the rate of aminoacylation of tyrosyl tRNA synthetase (rLdTyrRS). L. donovani EMAP-1 and EMAP-2 proteins managed to exhibit the capability of attracting human origin cells as determined by chemotaxis assay, and also were able to induce the secretion of cytokines from macrophages like their human counterpart (EMAP II). Our working hypothesis is that both of these proteins might be involved in helping the parasite to establish the infection within the host.
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Jung HJ, Park SH, Cho KM, Jung KI, Cho D, Kim TS. Threonyl-tRNA Synthetase Promotes T Helper Type 1 Cell Responses by Inducing Dendritic Cell Maturation and IL-12 Production via an NF-κB Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571959. [PMID: 33178197 PMCID: PMC7592646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TRS) is an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA by transferring threonine. In addition to an essential role in translation, TRS was extracellularly detected in autoimmune diseases and also exhibited pro-angiogenetic activity. TRS is reported to be secreted into the extracellular space when vascular endothelial cells encounter tumor necrosis factor-α. As T helper (Th) type 1 response and IFN-γ levels are associated with autoimmunity and angiogenesis, in this study, we investigated the effects of TRS on dendritic cell (DC) activation and CD4 T cell polarization. TRS-treated DCs exhibited up-regulated expression of activation-related cell-surface molecules, including CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II. Treatment of DCs with TRS resulted in a significant increase of IL-12 production. TRS triggered nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit along with the degradation of IκB proteins and the phosphorylation of MAPKs in DCs. Additionally, MAPK inhibitors markedly recovered the degradation of IκB proteins and the increased IL-12 production in TRS-treated DCs, suggesting the involvement of MAPKs as the upstream regulators of NF-κB in TRS-induced DC maturation and activation. Importantly, TRS-stimulated DCs significantly increased the populations of IFN-γ+CD4 T cells, and the levels of IFN-γ when co-cultured with CD4+ T cells. The addition of a neutralizing anti-IL-12 mAb to the cell cultures of TRS-treated DCs and CD4+ T cells resulted in decreased IFN-γ production, indicating that TRS-stimulated DCs may enhance the Th1 response through DC-derived IL-12. Injection of OT-II mice with OVA-pulsed, TRS-treated DCs also enhanced Ag-specific Th1 responses in vivo. Importantly, injection with TRS-treated DC exhibited increased populations of IFN-γ+-CD4+ and -CD8+ T cells as well as secretion level of IFN-γ, resulting in viral clearance and increased survival periods in mice infected with influenza A virus (IAV), as the Th1 response is associated with the enhanced cellular immunity, including anti-viral activity. Taken together, these results indicate that TRS promotes the maturation and activation of DCs, DC-mediated Th1 responses, and anti-viral effect on IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Jun Jung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Ho Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Il Jung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Halpert MM, Konduri V, Liang D, Vazquez-Perez J, Hofferek CJ, Weldon SA, Baig Y, Vedula I, Levitt JM, Decker WK. MHC class I and II peptide homology regulates the cellular immune response. FASEB J 2020; 34:8082-8101. [PMID: 32298026 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903002r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian immune responses are initiated by "danger" signals--immutable molecular structures known as PAMPs. When detected by fixed, germline encoded receptors, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) subsequently inform the polarization of downstream adaptive responses depending upon identity and localization of the PAMP. Here, we report the existence of a completely novel "PAMP" that is not a molecular structure but an antigenic pattern. This pattern--the incidence of peptide epitopes with stretches of 100% sequence identity bound to both dendritic cell (DC) major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and MHC class II--strongly induces TH 1 immune polarization and activation of the cellular immune response. Inherent in the existence of this PAMP is the concomitant existence of a molecular sensor complex with the ability to scan and compare amino acid sequence identities of bound class I and II peptides. We provide substantial evidence implicating the multienzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (mARS) complex and its AIMp1 structural component as the key constituents of this complex. The results demonstrate a wholly novel mechanism by which T-helper (TH ) polarization is governed and provide critical information for the design of vaccination strategies intended to provoke cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Halpert
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Colby J Hofferek
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott A Weldon
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yunyu Baig
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Indira Vedula
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levitt
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Zou C, Gu C, Zhao M, Zhu D, Wang N, Yu J, Yao Y, Chen Y, Shi M, Gu Q, Qian Y, Qiu Q, Zheng Z. The Role of the AIMP1 Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy: AIMP1-Targeted Intervention Study in Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 63:122-132. [PMID: 31962335 DOI: 10.1159/000503637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We characterized the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) in retinal inflammation and apoptosis regulation, both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we used clinical specimens to show the relationship between AIMP1 and the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of AIMP1 in DR. METHODS A diabetic AIMP1-specific knockout (KO) C57 mouse model was used. Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were incubated with normal glucose, high glucose (HG), and HG + AIMP1-small interfering RNA (siRNA). The expression of AIMP1 and relative inflammatory and apoptotic cytokines in diabetic mice retina and HRMECs were measured using Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction. The apoptosis of HRMECs was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The levels of AIMP1 in the vitreous humor and serum were determined using ELISA. Possible correlations between the intravitreal level of AIMP1 and blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c, intravitreal levels of IL-1β, and caspase-3 were determined. RESULTS The expression of inflammatory and apoptotic proteins was inhibited in the AIMP1 KO mice and HRMECs incubated with AIMP1-siRNA. The apoptosis of HRMECs was decreased in the AIMP1-siRNA group. The intravitreal level of AIMP1 in DR patients was significantly higher than that in nondiabetic patients (p < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between intravitreal AIMP1 and HbA1c and intravitreal IL-1β and caspase-3 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HG induced increased expression of AIMP1 in HRMECs and retinas from diabetic C57 mice, thereby increasing the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic cytokines, which promoted DR progression. A decrease in AIMP1 expression prevented the development of DR by inhibiting the activation of inflammatory and apoptotic signaling. Therefore, AIMP1 is an effective interfering target for the prevention and treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chufeng Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu 2nd People's Hospital, Changshu, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Gu
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Qian
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China,
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13
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Kim MH, Kim S. Structures and functions of multi-tRNA synthetase complexes. Enzymes 2020; 48:149-173. [PMID: 33837703 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Human body is a finely-tuned machine that requires homeostatic balance based on systemically controlled biological processes involving DNA replication, transcription, translation, and energy metabolism. Ubiquitously expressed aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been investigated for many decades, and they act as cross-over mediators of important biological processes. In particular, a cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) appears to be a central machinery controlling the complexity of biological systems. The structural integrity of MSC determined by the associated components is correlated with increasing biological complexity that links to system development in higher organisms. Although the role of the MSCs is still unclear, this chapter describes the current knowledge on MSC components that are associated with and regulate functions beyond their catalytic activities with focus on human MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Kim
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
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14
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Mun CH, Kim JO, Ahn SS, Yoon T, Kim SJ, Ko E, Noh HD, Park YB, Jung HJ, Kim TS, Lee SW, Park SG. Atializumab, a humanized anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-1 (AIMP1) antibody significantly improves nephritis in (NZB/NZW) F1 mice. Biomaterials 2019; 220:119408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Kim MS, Lee A, Cho D, Kim TS. AIMP1 regulates TCR signaling and induces differentiation of regulatory T cells by interfering with lipid raft association. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:875-880. [PMID: 31084930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to a role in translation, AIMP1 is secreted to affect various immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. However, the direct effects of AIMP1 on T cells have not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated whether AIMP1 could modulate T cell responses directly. Results revealed that AIMP1 significantly inhibited T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent activation and proliferation of CD4 T cells, as well as decreased TCR stimuli-induced Ca2+ influx in CD4 T cells. In addition, microscopic analysis revealed that lipid raft association in response to TCR engagement was significantly reduced in the presence of AIMP1, and the phosphorylation of PLCγ and PI3K was also down-regulated in CD4 T cells by AIMP1. Furthermore, AIMP1 specifically enhanced the differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells, while it had no effect on T helper type 1 (Th1), type 2 (Th2), and type 17 (Th17) cell differentiation. Collectively, these results indicate that AIMP1 affects T cells directly by down-regulating TCR signaling complex formation and inducing Treg cell differentiation in CD4 T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/immunology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Immunophenotyping
- Ion Transport/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Membrane Microdomains/drug effects
- Membrane Microdomains/immunology
- Membrane Microdomains/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/immunology
- Phospholipase C gamma/genetics
- Phospholipase C gamma/immunology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Myun Soo Kim
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Arim Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Lim HX, Jung HJ, Lee A, Park SH, Han BW, Cho D, Kim TS. Lysyl-Transfer RNA Synthetase Induces the Maturation of Dendritic Cells through MAPK and NF-κB Pathways, Strongly Contributing to Enhanced Th1 Cell Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2832-2841. [PMID: 30275047 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In addition to essential roles in protein synthesis, lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KRS) is secreted to trigger a proinflammatory function that induces macrophage activation and TNF-α secretion. KRS has been associated with autoimmune diseases such as polymyositis and dermatomyositis. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of KRS on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) of C57BL/6 mice and subsequent polarization of Th cells and analyzed the underlying mechanisms. KRS-treated DCs increased the expression of cell surface molecules and proinflammatory cytokines associated with DC maturation and activation. Especially, KRS treatment significantly increased production of IL-12, a Th1-polarizing cytokine, in DCs. KRS triggered the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit along with the degradation of IκB proteins and the phosphorylation of MAPKs in DCs. Additionally, JNK, p38, and ERK inhibitors markedly recovered the degradation of IκB proteins, suggesting the involvement of MAPKs as the upstream regulators of NF-κB in the KRS-induced DC maturation and activation. Importantly, KRS-treated DCs strongly increased the differentiation of Th1 cells when cocultured with CD4+ T cells. The addition of anti-IL-12-neutralizing Ab abolished the secretion of IFN-γ in the coculture, indicating that KRS induces Th1 cell response via DC-derived IL-12. Moreover, KRS enhanced the OVA-specific Th1 cell polarization in vivo following the adoptive transfer of OVA-pulsed DCs. Taken together, these results indicated that KRS effectively induced the maturation and activation of DCs through MAPKs/NF-κB-signaling pathways and favored DC-mediated Th1 cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xuan Lim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jun Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Arim Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hoon Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Daeho Cho
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
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17
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Lee EY, Kim S, Kim MH. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, therapeutic targets for infectious diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:424-434. [PMID: 29890143 PMCID: PMC7092877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in medical science, infection-associated diseases remain among the leading causes of death worldwide. There is a great deal of interest and concern at the rate at which new pathogens are emerging and causing significant human health problems. Expanding our understanding of how cells regulate signaling networks to defend against invaders and retain cell homeostasis will reveal promising strategies against infection. It has taken scientists decades to appreciate that eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play a role as global cell signaling mediators to regulate cell homeostasis, beyond their intrinsic function as protein synthesis enzymes. Recent discoveries revealed that ubiquitously expressed standby cytoplasmic ARSs sense and respond to danger signals and regulate immunity against infections, indicating their potential as therapeutic targets for infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss ARS-mediated anti-infectious signaling and the emerging role of ARSs in antimicrobial immunity. In contrast to their ability to defend against infection, host ARSs are inevitably co-opted by viruses for survival and propagation. We therefore provide a brief overview of the communication between viruses and the ARS system. Finally, we discuss encouraging new approaches to develop ARSs as therapeutics for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Liang D, Tian L, You R, Halpert MM, Konduri V, Baig YC, Paust S, Kim D, Kim S, Jia F, Huang S, Zhang X, Kheradmand F, Corry DB, Gilbert BE, Levitt JM, Decker WK. AIMp1 Potentiates T H1 Polarization and Is Critical for Effective Antitumor and Antiviral Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1801. [PMID: 29379495 PMCID: PMC5775236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) must integrate a broad array of environmental cues to exact control over downstream immune responses including TH polarization. The multienzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex component AIMp1/p43 responds to cellular stress and exerts pro-inflammatory functions; however, a role for DC-expressed AIMp1 in TH polarization has not previously been shown. Here, we demonstrate that the absence of AIMp1 in bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) significantly impairs cytokine and costimulatory molecule expression, p38 MAPK signaling, and TH1 polarization of cocultured T-cells while significantly dysregulating immune-related gene expression. These deficits resulted in significantly compromised BMDC vaccine-mediated protection against melanoma. AIMp1 within the host was also critical for innate and adaptive antiviral immunity against influenza virus infection in vivo. Cancer patients with AIMp1 expression levels in the highest tertiles exhibited a 70% survival advantage at 15-year postdiagnosis as determined by bioinformatics analysis of nearly 9,000 primary human tumor samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. These data establish the importance of AIMp1 for the effective governance of antitumor and antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ran You
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Matthew M Halpert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yunyu C Baig
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Doyeun Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fuli Jia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Antibody-based Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Antibody-based Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brian E Gilbert
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan M Levitt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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19
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Kim MS, Song JH, Cohen EP, Cho D, Kim TS. Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase–Interacting Multifunctional Protein 1 Activates NK Cells via Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4140-4147. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Konduri V, Li D, Halpert MM, Liang D, Liang Z, Chen Y, Fisher WE, Paust S, Levitt JM, Yao QC, Decker WK. Chemo-immunotherapy mediates durable cure of orthotopic K rasG12D/p53 -/- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1213933. [PMID: 27757308 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1213933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, exhibiting a five-year overall survival (OS) of only 7% despite aggressive standard of care. Recent advances in immunotherapy suggest potential application of immune-based treatment approaches to PDAC. To explore this concept further, we treated orthotopically established K-rasG12D/p53-/- PDAC tumors with gemcitabine and a cell-based vaccine previously shown to generate durable cell-mediated (TH1) immunity. Tumor progression was monitored by IVIS. The results indicated that the combination of chemotherapy and dendritic cell (DC) vaccination was effective in eliminating tumor, preventing metastasis and recurrence, and significantly enhancing OS. No animal that received the combination therapy relapsed, while mice that received gemcitabine-only or vaccine-only regimens relapsed and progressed. Analysis of circulating PBMC demonstrated that mice receiving the combination therapy exhibited significantly elevated levels of CD8+IFNγ+CCR7+NK1.1+ T-cells with significantly reduced levels of exhausted GITR+CD8+ T-cells after the cessation of treatment. Retro-orbital tumor re-challenge of surviving animals at six-months post-treatment demonstrated durable antitumor immunity only among mice that had received the combination therapy. CD8+ splenocytes derived from surviving mice that had received the combination therapy were sorted into NK1.1pos and NK1.1neg populations and adoptively transferred into naive recipients. Transfer of only 1,500 CD8+NK1.1pos T-cells was sufficient to mediate tumor rejection whereas transfer of 1,500 CD8+NK1.1neg T-cells imparted only minimal effects. The data suggest that addition of a TH1 DC vaccine regimen as an adjuvant to existing therapies can mediate eradication of tumors and offer durable protection against PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dali Li
- Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew M Halpert
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yunyu Chen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - William E Fisher
- Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levitt
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qizhi Cathy Yao
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Elkins Pancreas Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Hong HJ, Lim HX, Song JH, Lee A, Kim E, Cho D, Cohen EP, Kim TS. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 suppresses tumor growth in breast cancer-bearing mice by negatively regulating myeloid-derived suppressor cell functions. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:61-72. [PMID: 26613952 PMCID: PMC11029743 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the most important cell types that contribute to negative regulation of immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Recently, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1), a novel pleiotropic cytokine, was identified as an antitumor protein that inhibits angiogenesis and induces antitumor responses. However, the effect of AIMP1 on MDSCs in the tumor environment remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that AIMP1 significantly inhibited tumor growth in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice and reduced MDSCs population of tumor sites and spleens of tumor-bearing mice. AIMP1 reduced expansion of MDSCs from bone marrow-derived cells in the tumor-conditioned media. AIMP1 also negatively regulated suppressive activities of MDSCs by inhibiting IL-6 and NO production, and Arg-1 expression. Furthermore, treatment of breast cancer-bearing mice with AIMP1 decreased the capacity of MDSCs to suppress T cell proliferation and Treg cell induction. Western blot and inhibition experiments showed that downregulation of MDSCs functions by AIMP1 may result from attenuated activation of STATs, Akt, and ERK. These findings indicate that AIMP1 plays an essential role in negative regulation of suppressive functions of MDSCs. Therefore, it has a significant potential as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Hong
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Xuan Lim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Arim Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Division of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward P Cohen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Ahn J, Son MK, Jung KH, Kim K, Kim GJ, Lee SH, Hong SS, Park SG. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase interacting multi-functional protein 1 attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGFβ signaling. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:747-55. [PMID: 26692190 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase interacting multi-functional protein 1 (AIMP1) participates in a variety of cellular processes, including translation, cell proliferation, inflammation and wound healing. Previously, we showed that the N-terminal peptide of AIMP1 (6-46 aa) induced ERK phosphorylation. Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which is induced by TGFβ signaling, and activated ERK is known to induce the phosphorylation of SMAD, thereby inhibiting TGFβ signaling. We assessed whether the AIMP1 peptide can inhibit collagen synthesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by activating ERK. The AIMP1 peptide induced phosphorylation of SMAD2 via ERK activation, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of SMAD, resulting in a reduction of the synthesis of type I collagen. The AIMP1 peptide attenuated liver fibrosis induced by CCl4, in a dose-dependent manner. Masson-Trichrome staining showed that the AIMP1 peptide reduced collagen deposition. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the levels of α-SMA, TGFβ and type I collagen were all reduced by the AIMP1 peptide. Liver toxicity analysis showed that the AIMP1 peptide improved the levels of relevant biological parameters in the blood. These results suggest that AIMP1 peptide may have potential for development as a therapeutic agent to treat liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongchan Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kwon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangil Kim
- Department of Pathology, Bundang CHA General Hospital, CHA University, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
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Liang D, Halpert MM, Konduri V, Decker WK. Stepping Out of the Cytosol: AIMp1/p43 Potentiates the Link Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Int Rev Immunol 2015; 34:367-81. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1077829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kim MS, Kim TS. Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase-Interacting Multifunctional Protein 1 Acts as a Novel B Cell-Activating Factor In Vitro and In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4729-36. [PMID: 25870240 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous B cell-activating factors play pivotal roles in defense mechanisms by regulating B cell responses. We previously reported that aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) functions as a novel proinflammatory cytokine that activates macrophages and dendritic cells. However, roles of AIMP1 in B cell responses have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of AIMP1 on B cell responses and their underlying mechanisms. AIMP1 induced the expression of surface activation markers on murine B cells and the proliferation of B cells. Additionally, AIMP1 increased the expression of activation-induced deaminase and class switch recombination in B cells. AIMP1 also had synergistic effects on B cell activation when combined with CD40 stimulus. Intracellular signaling experiments showed that AIMP1 activated B cells through a protein kinase C/NF-κB signaling pathway. Importantly, i.v. injection of AIMP1 into mice increased the expression of CD69 on splenic B cells and significantly enhanced Ag-specific Ab production. Taken together, our results show that AIMP1 acts as a novel B cell-activating factor. AIMP1-mediated B cell activation and the involvement of AIMP1 in diseases will provide additional information for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myun Soo Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
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The antibody atliximab attenuates collagen-induced arthritis by neutralizing AIMP1, an inflammatory cytokine that enhances osteoclastogenesis. Biomaterials 2015; 44:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kim K, Park SJ, Na S, Kim JS, Choi H, Kim YK, Paek E, Lee C. Reinvestigation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase core complex by affinity purification-mass spectrometry reveals TARSL2 as a potential member of the complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81734. [PMID: 24312579 PMCID: PMC3846882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) link each amino acid to their cognate tRNAs. Individual ARSs are also associated with various non-canonical activities involved in neuronal diseases, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Among them, eight ARSs (D, EP, I, K, L, M, Q and RARS), together with three ARS-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs), are currently known to assemble the multi-synthetase complex (MSC). However, the cellular function and global topology of MSC remain unclear. In order to understand the complex interaction within MSC, we conducted affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) using each of AIMP1, AIMP2 and KARS as a bait protein. Mass spectrometric data were funneled into SAINT software to distinguish true interactions from background contaminants. A total of 40, 134, 101 proteins in each bait scored over 0.9 of SAINT probability in HEK 293T cells. Complex-forming ARSs, such as DARS, EPRS, IARS, Kars, LARS, MARS, QARS and RARS, were constantly found to interact with each bait. Variants such as, AIMP2-DX2 and AIMP1 isoform 2 were found with specific peptides in KARS precipitates. Relative enrichment analysis of the mass spectrometric data demonstrated that TARSL2 (threonyl-tRNA synthetase like-2) was highly enriched with the ARS-core complex. The interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of TARSL2 with other ARS core-complex components. We suggest TARSL2 as a new component of ARS core-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyutae Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungjin Na
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Seok Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon Ki Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunok Paek
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim SY, Son WS, Park MC, Kim CM, Cha BH, Yoon KJ, Lee SH, Park SG. ARS-interacting multi-functional protein 1 induces proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by accumulation of β-catenin via fibroblast growth factor receptor 2-mediated activation of Akt. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2630-40. [PMID: 23672191 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ARS-Interacting Multi-functional Protein 1 (AIMP1) is a cytokine that is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, immune activation, and fibroblast proliferation. In this study, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) was isolated as a binding partner of AIMP peptide (amino acids 6-46) in affinity purification using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). AIMP1 peptide induced the proliferation of adult BMMSCs by activating Akt, inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and thereby increasing the level of β-catenin. In addition, AIMP1 peptide induced the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus and increased the transcription of c-myc and cyclin D1 by activating the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) complex. By contrast, transfection of dominant negative TCF abolished the effect of AIMP1. The inhibition of Akt, using LY294002, abolished the accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin induced by AIMP1, leading to a decrease in c-myc and cyclin D1 expression, which decreased the proliferation of BMMSCs. An intraperitoneal injection of AIMP1 peptide into C57/BL6 mice increased the colony formation of fibroblast-like cells. Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis showed that the colony-forming cells were CD29(+)/CD44(+)/CD90(+)/CD105(+)/CD34(-)/CD45(-), which is characteristic of MSCs. In addition, the fibroblast-like cells differentiated into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Taken together, these data suggest that AIMP1 peptide promotes the proliferation of BMMSCs by activating the β-catenin/TCF complex via FGFR2-mediated activation of Akt, which leads to an increase in MSCs in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yoon Kim
- 1 Laboratory for Tracing of Gene Function, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University , Sungnam-si, Korea
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Lee SW, Kim G, Kim S. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional protein 1/p43: an emerging therapeutic protein working at systems level. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:945-57. [PMID: 23484969 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.8.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug discovery programs are based on the presumption of one drug-one action-one disease, which is frustrated by the complexity of biological systems. Because the aberration of a single gene often leads to multiple pathological symptoms, we should understand the functional network of the disease-related proteins to develop effective therapy. OBJECTIVES To describe how activities of proteins are reflected in phenotypes and their pathological implications using aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional protein 1 (AIMP1). METHODS The physiological activities of AIMP1 are unveiled through in vitro approaches and in vivo phenotyptic investigation. Bioinformatics tool was used to combine all AIMP1-target proteins. CONCLUSION Although a cytosolic protein, AIMP1 can be secreted as a cytokine to control immune response, angiogenesis and wound healing, and as a glucagon-like hormone for glucose homeostasis. It is involved in the regulation of autoimmune control and TGF-β signaling within the cells. AIMP1-deficient mice developed multiple phenotypes in immune systems, metabolism and body growth. The therapeutic potential of this multi-functional protein with associated biological activities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Lee
- Seoul National University of Education, Department of Science and Technology Education for Life, 1650, Seocho-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-742, Korea
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Kim MS, Kim TS. R-phycoerythrin-conjugated antibodies are inappropriate for intracellular staining of murine plasma cells. Cytometry A 2013; 83:452-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Son SH, Park MC, Kim S. Extracellular activities of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: new mediators for cell-cell communication. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 344:145-66. [PMID: 24352603 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, many reports have discussed aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) in extracellular space. Now that so many of them are known to be secreted with distinct activities in the broad range of target cells including endothelial, various immune cells, and fibroblasts, they need to be classified as a new family of extracellular signal mediators. In this chapter the identity of the secreted ARSs, receptors, and their physiological and pathological implications will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwa Son
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
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Burastero SE, Fabbri M. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-1 (AIMP1): the member of a molecular hub with unexpected functions, including CD4 T cell homeostasis. Clin Immunol 2012; 143:207-9. [PMID: 22542741 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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AIMP1 deficiency enhances airway hyperreactivity in mice via increased TH2 immune responses. Clin Immunol 2012; 143:256-65. [PMID: 22472603 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multicomplex protein 1 (AIMP1) is known as a novel cytokine carrying out a variety of biological activities, including angiogenesis and wound repair. In our previous reports AIMP1 was demonstrated to induce TH1 polarization. However, the effects of AIMP1 deficiency in TH1 or TH2 immune disorders remain unclear. In this study, we characterized phenotypes of AIMP1-deficient mice and investigated the role of AIMP1 in TH2-biased airway hyperreactivity. Clinical signs of allergic airway inflammation were assessed in AIMP1-deficient mice and the effects of AIMP1 deficiency on production of TH2 cytokines were evaluated in T cells using AIMP1-specific siRNA. Additionally, the enhanced pause values and histologic analysis were assessed in mice receiving AIMP1-deficient CD4+ T cells with OVA challenge. Clinical signs of spontaneous airway inflammation were noted in AIMP1-deficienct mice. AIMP1-deficient mice showed strongly increased Penh values in response to methacholine without any allergen exposure. Adoptive transfer of AIMP1-deficient CD4+ T cells to OVA-sensitized C57BL/6 mice exacerbated OVA-induced airway inflammation and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung. Furthermore, lung DCs in AIMP1-deficient mice showed increased expression of surface molecules, and IL-12p40 level in sera significantly decreased in AIMP1-deficient mice compared to that of wild type mice. These results strongly indicate that AIMP1 plays a role in negatively regulating TH2 responses in vivo, and AIMP1 can be employed as a novel therapeutic agent against TH2-biased diseases, particularly asthma.
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Kwon HS, Park MC, Kim DG, Jo KW, Park YW, Han JM, Kim S. Identification of CD23 as a functional receptor for the proinflammatory cytokine AIMP1/p43. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:4620-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.108209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ARS-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1/p43) can be secreted to trigger proinflammatory molecules while it is predominantly bound to a cytoplasmic macromolecular protein complex that contains several different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Although its activities as a secreted signaling factor have been well-characterized, the functional receptor for its proinflammatory activity has not yet identified. In this study, we have identified the receptor molecule for AIMP1 that mediates the secretion of TNF-α from THP-1 monocytic cells and primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In a screen of 499 soluble receptors, we identified CD23, a known low-affinity receptor for IgE, as a high affinity binding partner of AIMP1. We found that down-regulation of CD23 attenuated AIMP1-induced TNF-α secretion and AIMP1 binding to THP-1 and PBMCs. We also observed that in THP-1 and PBMCs, AIMP1-induced TNF-α secretion mediated by CD23 involved activation of ERK1/2. Interestingly, endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP II), the C-terminal fragment of AIMP1 that is also known to work as a proinflammatory cytokine, was incapable of binding to CD23 and of activating ERK1/2. Therefore, identification of CD23 not only explains the inflammatory function of AIMP1 but also provides the first evidence by which the mode of action of AIMP1 can be distinguished from that of its C-terminal domain, EMAP II.
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Castro de Moura M, Miro F, Han JM, Kim S, Celada A, Ribas de Pouplana L. Entamoeba lysyl-tRNA synthetase contains a cytokine-like domain with chemokine activity towards human endothelial cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1398. [PMID: 22140588 PMCID: PMC3226552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological pressure encountered by protozoan parasites drives the selection of strategies to modulate or avoid the immune responses of their hosts. Here we show that the parasite Entamoeba histolytica has evolved a chemokine that mimics the sequence, structure, and function of the human cytokine HsEMAPII (Homo sapiens endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II). This Entamoeba EMAPII-like polypeptide (EELP) is translated as a domain attached to two different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) that are overexpressed when parasites are exposed to inflammatory signals. EELP is dispensable for the tRNA aminoacylation activity of the enzymes that harbor it, and it is cleaved from them by Entamoeba proteases to generate a standalone cytokine. Isolated EELP acts as a chemoattractant for human cells, but its cell specificity is different from that of HsEMAPII. We show that cell specificity differences between HsEMAPII and EELP can be swapped by site directed mutagenesis of only two residues in the cytokines' signal sequence. Thus, Entamoeba has evolved a functional mimic of an aaRS-associated human cytokine with modified cell specificity.
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the identification of cancer-associated factors has been a subject of primary interest not only for understanding the basic mechanisms of tumorigenesis but also for discovering the associated therapeutic targets. However, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) have been overlooked, mostly because many assumed that they were simply 'housekeepers' that were involved in protein synthesis. Mammalian ARSs have evolved many additional domains that are not necessarily linked to their catalytic activities. With these domains, they interact with diverse regulatory factors. In addition, the expression of some ARSs is dynamically changed depending on various cellular types and stresses. This Analysis article addresses the potential pathophysiological implications of ARSs in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Kim E, Hong HJ, Cho D, Han JM, Kim S, Kim TS. Enhancement of toll-like receptor 2-mediated immune responses by AIMP1, a novel cytokine, in mouse dendritic cells. Immunology 2011; 134:73-81. [PMID: 21711348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-interacting protein 1 (AIMP1) is a novel pleiotropic cytokine that was identified initially from Meth A-induced fibrosarcoma. It is expressed in the salivary glands, small intestine and large intestine, and is associated with the innate immune system. Previously, we demonstrated that AIMP1 might function as a regulator of innate immune responses by inducing the maturation and activation of bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are major pathogen-recognition receptors that are constitutively expressed on DCs. In this study, we attempted to determine whether AIMP1 is capable of regulating the expression of TLRs, and also capable of affecting the TLR-mediated activation of DCs. Expression of TLR1, -2, -3 and -7 was highly induced by AIMP1 treatment in BM-DCs, whereas the expression of other TLRs was either down-regulated or remained unchanged. In particular, the expression of the TLR2 protein was up-regulated by AIMP1 in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner, and was suppressed upon the addition of BAY11-7082, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB. AIMP1 was also shown to increase nuclear factor-κB binding activity. Importantly, AIMP1 enhanced the production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-12, and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on BM-DCs when combined with lipoteichoic acid or Pam3Cys, two well-known TLR2 agonists. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the AIMP1 protein enhances TLR2-mediated immune responses via the up-regulation of TLR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kim
- Division of Life Science, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
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Masuda Y, Ito K, Konishi M, Nanba H. A polysaccharide extracted from Grifola frondosa enhances the anti-tumor activity of bone marrow-derived dendritic cell-based immunotherapy against murine colon cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1531-41. [PMID: 20563803 PMCID: PMC11030989 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously isolated the novel heteropolysaccharide maitake Z-fraction (MZF) from the maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa), and demonstrated that MZF significantly inhibited tumor growth by inducing cell-mediated immunity. In this study, we demonstrated that MZF upregulated the expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, and MHC II on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and significantly increased interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by DCs in a dose-dependent manner. MZF-treated DCs significantly stimulated both allogeneic and antigen-specific syngenic T cell responses and enhanced antigen-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by syngenic CD4(+) T cells; however, MZF-treated DCs did not affect IL-4 production. Furthermore, the enhancement of IFN-gamma production in CD4(+) T cells, which was induced by MZF-treated DCs, was completely inhibited by the addition of an anti-IL-12 antibody. These results indicate that MZF induced DC maturation and antigen-specific Th1 response by enhancing DC-produced IL-12. We also demonstrated that DCs pulsed with colon-26 tumor lysate in the presence of MZF induced both therapeutic and preventive effects on colon-26 tumor development in BALB/c mice. These results suggest that MZF could be a potential effective adjuvant to enhance immunotherapy using DC-based vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Masuda
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyama-Kitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
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Park SG, Choi EC, Kim S. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs): a triad for cellular homeostasis. IUBMB Life 2010; 62:296-302. [PMID: 20306515 DOI: 10.1002/iub.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are highly conserved for efficient and precise translation of genetic codes. In higher eukaryotic systems, several different ARSs including glutamyl-prolyl-, isoelucyl-, leucyl-, methionyl-, glutaminyl-, lysyl-, arginyl-, and aspartyl-tRNA synthetase form a macromolecular protein complex with three nonenzymatic cofactors (AIMP1/p43, AIMP2/p38, and AIMP3/p18). Although the structure and functional implications for this complex formation are not completely understood, rapidly accumulating evidences suggest that this complex would work as a molecular hub linked to the multiple signaling pathways that involve the components of enzymes and cofactors. In this article, the roles of three nonenzymatic components of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex in the assembly of the components and in cell regulation are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Yeoksam-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Differential suppression of heat-killed lactobacilli isolated from kimchi, a Korean traditional food, on airway hyper-responsiveness in mice. J Clin Immunol 2010; 30:449-58. [PMID: 20204477 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-010-9375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Probiotics have been shown to be effective in reducing allergic symptoms. However, there are few studies to evaluate the therapeutic effects of lactobacilli on allergen-induced airway inflammation. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether three heat-killed lactobacilli, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus curvatus and Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei, isolated from kimchi, exerted inhibitory effects on airway hyper-responsiveness in a murine asthma model. METHODS Heat-killed lactic acid bacteria were orally administered into BALB/c mice, followed by challenge with aerosolized ovalbumin, after which allergic symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS Airway inflammation was suppressed in the L. plantarum- and L. curvatus-treated mice. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 levels were significantly lower in the L. plantarum- and L. curvatus-treated mice than in those treated with L. sakei subsp. sakei. Importantly, heat-killed L. plantarum administration induced Foxp3 expression in intestinal lamina propria cells, and heat-killed L. curvatus induced IL-10 as a way of inducing tolerance. CONCLUSION Specific strains of lactobacilli isolated from kimchi can effectively suppress airway hyper-responsiveness.
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Brown MV, Reader JS, Tzima E. Mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: Cell signaling functions of the protein translation machinery. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 52:21-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nechushtan H, Kim S, Kay G, Razin E. Chapter 1 The Physiological Role of Lysyl tRNA Synthetase in the Immune System. Adv Immunol 2009; 103:1-27. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(09)03001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kim TS, Lee BC, Kim E, Cho D, Cohen EP. Gene transfer of AIMP1 and B7.1 into epitope-loaded, fibroblasts induces tumor-specific CTL immunity, and prolongs the survival period of tumor-bearing mice. Vaccine 2008; 26:5928-34. [PMID: 18793691 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T helper type 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immune responses play various roles in cellular immunity, including inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and they have been shown to be crucial in cancer immunotherapy. Previously, we found that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) stimulated antigen-presenting cells to secrete IL-12, leading to enhanced Th1 cell responses. In this study, as a way of enhancing antigen-specific Th1 responses, mouse fibroblasts (H-2(b)) were genetically modified to express an AIMP1 and a costimulatory B7.1 (Fb/AIMP1/B7.1). Fb/AIMP1/B7.1 cells were then loaded with an ovalbumin epitope as a model antigen (Fb/AIMP1/B7.1/OVA), and tested to determine if they induced OVA-specific CTLs in C57BL/6 mice (H-2(b)). Immunization with Fb/AIMP1/B7.1/OVA cells induced strong cytotoxic activities against OVA-expressing EG7 tumor cells, but not against other H-2(b) tumor cells. The levels of the cytotoxic response in the immunized mice with Fb/AIMP1/B7.1/OVA cells were significantly higher than the responses in mice immunized with other cell constructs. CD8(+) T cells were a major cell-type of OVA-specific antitumor immunity induced by Fb/AIMP1/B7.1/OVA cells. Furthermore, treatment with Fb/AIMP1/B7.1/OVA cells significantly prolonged the survival period of EG7 tumor-bearing mice. These results indicate that AIMP1-secreting, epitope-loaded fibroblasts efficiently induce antigen-specific CTL responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae S Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee BC, O'Sullivan I, Kim E, Park SG, Hwang SY, Cho D, Kim TS. A DNA adjuvant encoding a fusion protein between anti-CD3 single-chain Fv and AIMP1 enhances T helper type 1 cell-mediated immune responses in antigen-sensitized mice. Immunology 2008; 126:84-91. [PMID: 18547366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper type 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immune responses contribute to host defences against intracellular pathogen infections and cancer. Previously, we found that aminoacyl tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) activated macrophages and dendritic cells to enhance Th1 responses. Herein, we manipulated this property to improve Th1 immune responses in vivo by constructing a mammalian expression plasmid (pAnti-CD3sFv/AIMP1) encoding AIMP1 fused to the anti-CD3 single-chain Fv (sFv), the smallest unit of the antibody that interacts with the CD3epsilon region of the T-cell receptor. Intramuscular injection of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice with pAnti-CD3sFv/AIMP1 DNA adjuvant increased the OVA-specific, interferon-gamma production by their CD4(+) T cells and the levels of anti-OVA immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) isotype in their sera. Furthermore, the pAnti-CD3sFv/AIMP1 DNA adjuvant decreased interleukin-4 production and anti-OVA IgE levels in the OVA-injected mice. Importantly, the pAnti-CD3sFv/AIMP1 was more efficient than a mixture of pAnti-CD3sFv and pAIMP1 in inducing OVA-specific Th1 immune responses and also in inhibiting OVA-specific Th2 responses during antigen priming. These studies indicated that the pAnti-CD3sFv/AIMP1 fusion DNA adjuvant enhanced Th1 immune responses in antigen-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Cheol Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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