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Zhang MJ, Karachenets S, Gyberg DJ, Puccini S, Healy CL, Wu SC, Shearer GC, O’Connell TD. Free fatty acid receptor 4 in cardiac myocytes ameliorates ischemic cardiomyopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.12.589280. [PMID: 38659901 PMCID: PMC11042222 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.589280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Aims Free fatty acid receptor 4 (Ffar4) is a receptor for long-chain fatty acids that attenuates heart failure driven by increased afterload. Recent findings suggest that Ffar4 prevents ischemic injury in brain, liver, and kidney, and therefore, we hypothesized that Ffar4 would also attenuate cardiac ischemic injury. Methods and Results Using a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), we found that mice with systemic deletion of Ffar4 (Ffar4KO) demonstrated impaired recovery of left ventricular systolic function post-I/R with no effect on initial infarct size. To identify potential mechanistic explanations for the cardioprotective effects of Ffar4, we performed bulk RNAseq to compare the transcriptomes from wild-type (WT) and Ffar4KO infarcted myocardium 3-days post-I/R. In the Ffar4KO infarcted myocardium, gene ontology (GO) analyses revealed augmentation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis, neutrophil activation, cadherin binding, extracellular matrix, rho signaling, and oxylipin synthesis, but impaired glycolytic and fatty acid metabolism, cardiac repolarization, and phosphodiesterase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated impaired AMPK signaling and augmented cellular senescence in the Ffar4KO infarcted myocardium. Interestingly, phosphodiesterase 6c (PDE6c), which degrades cGMP, was the most upregulated gene in the Ffar4KO heart. Further, the soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulator, vericiguat, failed to increase cGMP in Ffar4KO cardiac myocytes, suggesting increased phosphodiesterase activity. Finally, cardiac myocyte-specific overexpression of Ffar4 prevented systolic dysfunction post-I/R, defining a cardioprotective role of Ffa4 in cardiac myocytes. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that Ffar4 in cardiac myocytes attenuates systolic dysfunction post-I/R, potentially by attenuating oxidative stress, preserving mitochondrial function, and modulation of cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sergey Karachenets
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Dylan J. Gyberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sara Puccini
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Chastity L. Healy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Steven C. Wu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gregory C. Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Timothy D. O’Connell
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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Hong SW, Lee J, Moon SJ, Kwon H, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Docosahexanoic Acid Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis by Autophagy Upregulation via GPR120/mTOR Axis in Insulin-Secreting Cells. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:353-363. [PMID: 38254294 PMCID: PMC11066451 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reportedly have protective effects on pancreatic β-cells; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. METHODS To investigate the cellular mechanism of PUFA-induced cell protection, mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells were cultured with palmitic acid (PA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alterations in cellular signaling and apoptosis were examined. RESULTS DHA treatment remarkably repressed caspase-3 cleavage and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive red dot signals in PA-treated MIN6 cells, with upregulation of autophagy, an increase in microtubule- associated protein 1-light chain 3 (LC3)-II, autophagy-related 5 (Atg5), and decreased p62. Upstream factors involved in autophagy regulation (Beclin-1, unc51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 [ULK1], phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR], and protein kinase B) were also altered by DHA treatment. DHA specifically induced phosphorylation on S2448 in mTOR; however, phosphorylation on S2481 decreased. The role of G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) in the effect of DHA was demonstrated using a GPR120 agonist and antagonist. Additional treatment with AH7614, a GPR120 antagonist, significantly attenuated DHA-induced autophagy and protection. Taken together, DHA-induced autophagy activation with protection against PA-induced apoptosis mediated by the GPR120/mTOR axis. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that DHA has therapeutic effects on PA-induced pancreatic β-cells, and that the cellular mechanism of β-cell protection by DHA may be a new research target with potential pharmacotherapeutic implications in β-cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Woo Hong
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinmi Lee
- Institute of Medical Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Joon Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Wang W, Li J, Cui S, Li J, Ye X, Wang Z, Zhang T, Jiang X, Kong Y, Chen X, Chen YQ, Zhu S. Microglial Ffar4 deficiency promotes cognitive impairment in the context of metabolic syndrome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7813. [PMID: 38306420 PMCID: PMC10836723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely associated with an increased risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, and a complex interaction of genetic and environmental dietary factors may be implicated. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (Ffar4) may bridge the genetic and dietary aspects of MetS development. However, the role of Ffar4 in MetS-related cognitive dysfunction is unclear. In this study, we found that Ffar4 expression is down-regulated in MetS mice and MetS patients with cognitive impairment. Conventional and microglial conditional knockout of Ffar4 exacerbated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive dysfunction and anxiety, whereas microglial Ffar4 overexpression improved HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction and anxiety. Mechanistically, we found that microglial Ffar4 regulated microglial activation through type I interferon signaling. Microglial depletion and NF-κB inhibition partially reversed cognitive dysfunction and anxiety in microglia-specific Ffar4 knockout MetS mice. Together, these findings uncover a previously unappreciated role of Ffar4 in negatively regulating the NF-κB-IFN-β signaling and provide an attractive therapeutic target for delaying MetS-associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Jinyou Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xianlong Ye
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Yulin Kong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi 214002, China
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Wen J, Satyanarayanan SK, Li A, Yan L, Zhao Z, Yuan Q, Su KP, Su H. Unraveling the impact of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and glymphatic function. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:335-355. [PMID: 37914102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia represent major public health challenges but effective therapeutic options are limited. Pathological brain aging is associated with microvascular changes and impaired clearance systems. The application of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 or omega-3 PUFAs) is one of the most promising nutritional interventions in neurodegenerative disorders from epidemiological data, clinical and pre-clinical studies. As essential components of neuronal membranes, n-3 PUFAs have shown neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as modulatory effects through microvascular pathophysiology, amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance and glymphatic pathways. This review meticulously explores these underlying mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs against AD and dementia, synthesizing evidence from both animal and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Lingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Ziai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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Gong L, Liang J, Xie L, Zhang Z, Mei Z, Zhang W. Metabolic Reprogramming in Gliocyte Post-cerebral Ischemia/ Reperfusion: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Potential. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1672-1696. [PMID: 38362904 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666240131121032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. However, the clinical efficacy of recanalization therapy as a preferred option is significantly hindered by reperfusion injury. The transformation between different phenotypes of gliocytes is closely associated with cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury (CI/RI). Moreover, gliocyte polarization induces metabolic reprogramming, which refers to the shift in gliocyte phenotype and the overall transformation of the metabolic network to compensate for energy demand and building block requirements during CI/RI caused by hypoxia, energy deficiency, and oxidative stress. Within microglia, the pro-inflammatory phenotype exhibits upregulated glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid synthesis, and glutamine synthesis, whereas the anti-inflammatory phenotype demonstrates enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation. Reactive astrocytes display increased glycolysis but impaired glycogenolysis and reduced glutamate uptake after CI/RI. There is mounting evidence suggesting that manipulation of energy metabolism homeostasis can induce microglial cells and astrocytes to switch from neurotoxic to neuroprotective phenotypes. A comprehensive understanding of underlying mechanisms and manipulation strategies targeting metabolic pathways could potentially enable gliocytes to be reprogrammed toward beneficial functions while opening new therapeutic avenues for CI/RI treatment. This review provides an overview of current insights into metabolic reprogramming mechanisms in microglia and astrocytes within the pathophysiological context of CI/RI, along with potential pharmacological targets. Herein, we emphasize the potential of metabolic reprogramming of gliocytes as a therapeutic target for CI/RI and aim to offer a novel perspective in the treatment of CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Letian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Zhanwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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Nakajima S, Demers G, Machuca-Parra AI, Pour ZD, Bairamian D, Bouyakdan K, Fisette A, Kabahizi A, Robb J, Rodaros D, Laurent C, Ferreira G, Arbour N, Alquier T, Fulton S. Central activation of the fatty acid sensor GPR120 suppresses microglia reactivity and alleviates sickness- and anxiety-like behaviors. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:302. [PMID: 38111048 PMCID: PMC10729532 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120, Ffar4) is a sensor for long-chain fatty acids including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) known for beneficial effects on inflammation, metabolism, and mood. GPR120 mediates the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of n-3 PUFAs in peripheral tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of GPR120 stimulation on microglial reactivity, neuroinflammation and sickness- and anxiety-like behaviors by acute proinflammatory insults. We found GPR120 mRNA to be enriched in both murine and human microglia, and in situ hybridization revealed GPR120 expression in microglia of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in mice. In a manner similar to or exceeding n-3 PUFAs, GPR120 agonism (Compound A, CpdA) strongly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory marker expression in primary mouse microglia, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and inhibited nuclear factor-ĸB translocation to the nucleus. Central administration of CpdA to adult mice blunted LPS-induced hypolocomotion and anxiety-like behavior and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IBA-1 (microglia marker) mRNA in the NAc, a brain region modulating anxiety and motivation and implicated in neuroinflammation-induced mood deficits. GPR120 agonist pre-treatment attenuated NAc microglia reactivity and alleviated sickness-like behaviors elicited by central injection TNF-α and IL-1β. These findings suggest that microglial GPR120 contributes to neuroimmune regulation and behavioral changes in response to acute infection and elevated brain cytokines. GPR120 may participate in the protective action of n-3 PUFAs at the neural and behavioral level and offers potential as treatment target for neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakajima
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Demers
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Arturo Israel Machuca-Parra
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Zahra Dashtehei Pour
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Diane Bairamian
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Khalil Bouyakdan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Fisette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Research Group in Cellular Signaling, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Anita Kabahizi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Josephine Robb
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Demetra Rodaros
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Cyril Laurent
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology Unit, UMR 1286, INRA-Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fulton
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada.
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada.
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Mohammad Nezhady MA, Modaresinejad M, Zia A, Chemtob S. Versatile lactate signaling via HCAR1: a multifaceted GPCR involved in many biological processes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1502-C1515. [PMID: 37899751 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00346.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
G-coupled protein receptors (GPCRs) are the ultimate refuge of pharmacology and medicine as more than 40% of all marketed drugs are directly targeting these receptors. Through cell surface expression, they are at the forefront of cellular communication with the outside world. Metabolites among the conveyors of this communication are becoming more prominent with the recognition of them as ligands for GPCRs. HCAR1 is a GPCR conveyor of lactate. It is a class A GPCR coupled to Gαi which reduces cellular cAMP along with the downstream Gβγ signaling. It was first found to inhibit lipolysis, and lately has been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including neural activities, angiogenesis, inflammation, vision, cardiovascular function, stem cell proliferation, and involved in promoting pathogenesis for different conditions, such as cancer. Other than signaling from the plasma membrane, HCAR1 shows nuclear localization with different location-biased activities therein. Although different functions for HCAR1 are being discovered, its cell and molecular mechanisms are yet ill understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on HCAR1, which covers the literature on the subject, and discusses its importance and relevance in various biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mohammad Nezhady
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monir Modaresinejad
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aliabbas Zia
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Megawati G, Indraswari N, Johansyah AA, Kezia C, Herawati DMD, Gurnida DA, Musfiroh I. Comparison of hs-CRP in Adult Obesity and Central Obesity in Indonesia Based on Omega-3 Fatty Acids Intake: Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS 5) Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6734. [PMID: 37754594 PMCID: PMC10530835 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and central obesity are associated with dire conditions, such as metabolic syndrome, in which low-grade inflammation plays a part. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker found to be elevated in those conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids work against inflammation and lower CRP levels in obese individuals. This study compared high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) in adult obesity and central obesity in Indonesia based on omega-3 fatty acid intake using Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 data. Secondary data from household questionnaires were obtained from the IFLS 5 online database. Data from 3152 subjects were used; 76.65% of the subjects were female, with a mean age of 45.27 ± 15.77 years. Subjects were classified into five modified categories of obesity and central obesity based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Omega-3 fatty acid intake was categorized into "low" and "adequate" based on dietary recommendations from the Mediterranean Diet Foundation (2011). There is a significant difference in hs-CRP based on modified obesity categories (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in hs-CRP between low and adequate omega-3 intake (p > 0.05). These data suggest that hs-CRP is related to overweight, obesity, and central obesity. Meanwhile, omega-3 fatty acids are unrelated to hs-CRP. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginna Megawati
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Noormarina Indraswari
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Capella Kezia
- Medical Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Dida Achmad Gurnida
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Ida Musfiroh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis dan Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Begdache L, Marhaba R. Bioactive Compounds for Customized Brain Health: What Are We and Where Should We Be Heading? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6518. [PMID: 37569058 PMCID: PMC10418716 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Many strides have been made in the field of nutrition that are making it an attractive field not only to nutrition professionals but also to healthcare practitioners. Thanks to the emergence of molecular nutrition, there is a better appreciation of how the diet modulates health at the cellular and molecular levels. More importantly, the advancements in brain imaging have produced a greater appreciation of the impact of diet on brain health. To date, our understanding of the effect of nutrients on brain health goes beyond the action of vitamins and minerals and dives into the intracellular, molecular, and epigenetic effects of nutrients. Bioactive compounds (BCs) in food are gaining a lot of attention due to their ability to modulate gene expression. In addition, bioactive compounds activate some nuclear receptors that are the target of many pharmaceuticals. With the emergence of personalized medicine, gaining an understanding of the biologically active compounds may help with the customization of therapies. This review explores the prominent BCs that can impact cognitive functions and mental health to deliver a potentially prophylactic framework for practitioners. Another purpose is to identify potential gaps in the literature to suggest new research agendas for scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Begdache
- Health and Wellness Studies Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Rani Marhaba
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Liu Y, Lei YX, Li JW, Ma YZ, Wang XY, Meng FH, Wu YJ, Wang N, Liang J, Zhao CQ, Yang Y, Chen GX, Yu SX. G Protein-Coupled Receptor 120 Mediates Host Defense against Clostridium perfringens Infection through Regulating NOD-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Inflammasome Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7119-7130. [PMID: 37115810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a major cause of infectious foodborne disease, frequently associated with the consumption of raw and undercooked food. Despite intensive studies on clarifying C. perfringens pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions remain poorly understood. In soft tissue and mucosal infection models, Gpr120-/- mice, G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), are more susceptible to C. perfringens infection. Gpr120 deficiency leads to a low survival rate (30 and 10%, p < 0.01), more bacterial loads in the muscle (2.26 × 108 ± 2.08 × 108 CFUs/g, p < 0.01), duodenum (2.80 × 107 ± 1.61 × 107 CFUs/g, p < 0.01), cecum (2.50 × 108 ± 2.05 × 108 CFUs/g, p < 0.01), and MLN (1.23 × 106 ± 8.06 × 105 CFUs/g, p < 0.01), less IL-18 production in the muscle (8.54 × 103 ± 1.20 × 103 pg/g, p < 0.01), duodenum (3.34 × 103 ± 2.46 × 102 pg/g, p < 0.01), and cecum (3.81 × 103 ± 5.29 × 102 pg/g, p < 0.01), and severe organ injury. Obviously, GPR120 facilitates IL-18 production and pathogen control via potassium efflux-dependent NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling. Mechanistically, GPR120 interaction with NLRP3 potentiates the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Thus, this study uncovers a novel role of GPR120 in host protection and reveals that GPR120 may be a potential therapeutic target for limiting pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- Animal Husbandry Institute, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academy of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Yu-Xin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Jian-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yu-Ze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xue-Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Fan-Hua Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Cai-Quan Zhao
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Bao Tou Teachers' College, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Guang-Xin Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, the Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shui-Xing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
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11
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Hong T, Wang R, Yang G, Wang X, Zeng L, Yang S, Wei J, Gao Q, Zhang X. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate acute graft versus host disease by elevating phytosphingosine. Exp Hematol 2023:S0301-472X(23)00070-X. [PMID: 36931619 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a prominent barrier to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and even leads to death after HSCT. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) are effective in aGVHD treatment and have mild side effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Phytosphingosine (PHS) is known to prevent loss of moisture from the skin; regulate epidermal cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis; and exert bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, our results revealed the efficacy of HUCMSCs in alleviating aGVHD in a murine model, with striking changes in metabolism and significantly elevated PHS levels due to sphingolipid metabolism. In vitro, PHS reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation, enhanced apoptosis and reduced T helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation. Transcriptional analysis of donor CD4+ T cells treated with PHS revealed significant decreases in transcripts regulating proinflammatory pathways, such as NF-κB. In vivo, the administration of PHS significantly ameliorated aGVHD development. Collectively, these beneficial effects indicate proof-of-concept that sphingolipid metabolites could be a safe and effective means to prevent aGVHD in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hong
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital. State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital. State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Guancui Yang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital. State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital. State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221008, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital. State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Qiangguo Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China..
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital. State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China..
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12
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Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Immunomodulatory Properties. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020279. [PMID: 36829556 PMCID: PMC9953405 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Oils are an essential part of the human diet and are primarily derived from plant (or sometimes fish) sources. Several of them exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Specific diets, such as Mediterranean diet, that are high in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and ω-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) have even been shown to exert an overall positive impact on human health. One of the most widely used supplements in the developed world is fish oil, which contains high amounts of PUFAs docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid. This review is focused on the natural sources of various polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the human diet, and their role as precursor molecules in immune signaling pathways. Consideration is also given to their role in CNS immunity. Recent findings from clinical trials utilizing various fatty acids or diets high in specific fatty acids are reviewed, along with the mechanisms through which fatty acids exert their anti-inflammatory properties. An overall understanding of diversity of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their role in several molecular signaling pathways is useful in formulating diets that reduce inflammation and increase longevity.
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Alleviates Brain Damage by Promoting Mitophagy in Mice with Ischaemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3119649. [PMID: 36254232 PMCID: PMC9569200 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3119649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy, the selective removal of damaged mitochondria through autophagy, is crucial for mitochondrial turnover and quality control. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential omega-3 fatty acid, protects mitochondria in various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of DHA in ischaemic stroke models in vitro and in vivo and its involvement in mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. A mouse model of ischaemic stroke was established through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To simulate ischaemic stroke in vitro, PC12 cells were subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). Immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting (WB), electron microscopy (EM), functional behavioural tests, and Seahorse assay were used for analysis. DHA treatment significantly alleviated the brain infarction volume, neuronal apoptosis, and behavioural dysfunction in mice with ischaemic stroke. In addition, DHA enhanced mitophagy by significantly increasing the number of autophagosomes and LC3-positive mitochondria in neurons. The Seahorse assay revealed that DHA increased glutamate and succinate metabolism in neurons after ischaemic stroke. JC-1 and MitoSox staining, and evaluation of ATP levels indicated that DHA-induced mitophagy alleviated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial injury. Mechanistically, DHA improved mitochondrial dynamics by increasing the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), LC3, and the mitophagy clearance protein Pink1/Parkin. Mdivi-1, a specific mitophagy inhibitor, abrogated the neuroprotective effects of DHA, indicating that DHA protected neurons by enhancing mitophagy. Therefore, DHA can protect against neuronal apoptosis after stroke by clearing the damaged mitochondria through Pink1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Brown JL, Murphy KA, O'Connell TD, Lesné SE. Comment on "Activation of the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Receptor GPR120 Protects against Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Preventing Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mice". JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1229-1233. [PMID: 36167357 PMCID: PMC9756940 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Brown
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | - Katherine A Murphy
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Timothy D O'Connell
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sylvain E Lesné
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN;
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
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15
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Effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on orthotopic prostate cancer progression, tumor associated macrophages, angiogenesis and T-cell activation-dependence on GPR120. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:539-546. [PMID: 35075215 PMCID: PMC9308823 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiprostate cancer effects of dietary ω-3 fatty acids (FAs) were previously found to be dependent on host G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). Using an orthotopic tumor model and an ex-vivo model of bone marrow derived M2-like macrophages, we sought to determine if ω-3 FAs inhibit angiogenesis and activate T-cells, and if these effects are dependent on GPR120. METHODS Gausia luciferase labeled MycCaP prostate cancer cells (MycCaP-Gluc) were injected into the anterior prostate lobe of FVB mice. After established tumors were confirmed by blood luminescence, mice were fed an ω-3 or ω-6 diet. Five weeks after tumor injection, tumor weight, immune cell infiltration and markers of angiogenesis were determined. An ex-vivo co-culture model of bone marrow derived M2-like macrophages from wild-type or GPR120 knockout mice with MycCap prostate cancer cells was used to determine if docosahexanoic acid (DHA, ω-3 FA) inhibition of angiogenesis and T-cell activation is dependent on macrophage GPR120. RESULTS Feeding an ω-3 diet significantly reduced orthotopic MycCaP-Gluc tumor growth relative to an ω-6 diet. Tumors from the ω-3 group had decreased M2-like macrophage infiltration and decreased expression of angiogenesis factors. DHA significantly inhibited M2 macrophage-induced endothelial tube formation and reversed M2 macrophage-induced T-cell suppression, and these DHA effects were mediated, in part, by M2 macrophage GPR120. CONCLUSION Omega-3 FAs delayed orthotopic tumor growth, inhibited M2-like macrophage tumor infiltration, and inhibited M2-like macrophage-induced angiogenesis and T-cell suppression. Given the central role of M2-like macrophages in prostate cancer progression, GPR120-dependent ω-3 FA inhibition of M2-like macrophages may play an important role in prostate cancer therapeutics.
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16
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Thomas SS, Cha YS, Kim KA. Protective Effect of Diet-Supplemented and Endogenously Produced Omega-3 Fatty Acids against HFD-Induced Colon Inflammation in Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142124. [PMID: 35885367 PMCID: PMC9320766 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilla (Perilla frutescens) oil reduces high-fat-diet-induced colon inflammation by suppressing the NF-κB pathway. In the current study, we compared the effect of endogenously produced and externally supplemented omega-3 fatty acids on high-fat-diet-induced colon inflammation. The fat-1 transgenic mice that endogenously synthesize omega-3 fatty acids were backcrossed with C57BL/6J wild-type mice to obtain transgenic (TR) and wild-type (WT) littermates. Five-week-old male littermates were divided into five groups: two groups fed 10% normal diet (WTLD, TRLD) and three groups fed with a 60% fat high-fat diet (WTHD, TRHD, and WTPO). In the WTPO group, 8% (w/w) of perilla oil was added. Perilla oil supplemented WT mice and fat-1 transgenic mice suppressed high-fat-diet-induced body weight and improved serum lipid levels. Furthermore, the WTPO and TRHD groups exhibited increased colon length, lower macroscopic scores, and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory markers and improved epithelial integrity barrier markers. The expression of GPR120 was increased in the WTPO group. Altogether, our results indicated that perilla oil could improve the symptoms of colon inflammation as an alternate omega-3 fatty acid supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalom Sara Thomas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.S.T.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.S.T.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence:
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17
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Pyo HJ, An X, Cho H. The role of free fatty acid receptor pathways in a selective regulation of TRPA1 and TRPV1 by resolvins in primary sensory neurons. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3651-3660. [PMID: 35802479 PMCID: PMC9544928 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 and vanilloid 1 (TRPA1 and TRPV1, respectively) channels contribute to inflammatory and neuropathic pain, indicating that their pharmacological inhibition could be a novel strategy for treating painful diseases. However, the mechanisms of TRPA1/V1 channel modulation have been mostly characterized to be upregulation and sensitization via variety of exogenous stimuli, endogenous inflammatory mediators, and metabolites of oxidative stress. Here we used calcium imaging of dorsal root ganglion neurons to identify an inhibitor signaling pathway for TRPA1 and TRPV1 regulated by resolvins (RvD1 and RvE1), which are endogenous anti‐inflammatory lipid mediators. TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel activations were evoked by the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate and the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. Our results show that RvD1‐induced selective inhibition of TRPA1 activity was mediated by free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4)‐protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. Experiments assessing RvE1‐induced TRPV1 inhibition showed that RvE1 actions required both FFAR1 and FFAR4. Combined stimulation of FFAR1/FFAR4 or FFAR1/PKC mimicked TRPV1 inhibition by RvE1, and these effects were blocked by a protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitor, implying that PKD is an effector of the FFAR/PKC signaling axis in RvE1‐induced TRPV1 inhibition. Despite selective inhibition of TRPV1 in the nanomolar range of RvE1, higher concentrations of RvE1 also inhibited TRPA1, possibly through PKC. Collectively, our findings reveal FFAR1 and FFAR4 as key signaling pathways mediating the selective targeting of resolvins to regulate TRPA1 and TRPV1, elucidating endogenous analgesic mechanisms that could be exploited as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeong Pyo
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Xue An
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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18
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Qin Z, Song J, Lin A, Yang W, Zhang W, Zhong F, Huang L, Lü Y, Yu W. GPR120 modulates epileptic seizure and neuroinflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:121. [PMID: 35624482 PMCID: PMC9137133 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complex pathophysiology of epilepsy hampers the development of effective treatments. Although more than ten kinds of anti-seizures drugs (ASDs) have good effects on seizure control worldwide, about 30% of patients still display pharmacoresistance against ASDs. Neuroinflammation seems to play a crucial role in disease progression. G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) has been shown to negatively regulate inflammation and apoptosis. However, the role of GPR120 in epilepsy remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of GPR120 in epilepsy. Methods Male adult C57BL/6 mice were intracranially injected with kainic acid (KA) to establish epilepsy model, and the adeno associated virus (AAV) was administered intracranially at 3 weeks before KA injection. VX765 was administered by intragastric administration at 30 min before KA induced and an equal dose administrated twice a day (10 a.m. and 4 p.m.) lasting 7 days until the mice were killed. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, video monitoring of seizure, LFP recording, Nissl staining were performed. Results GPR120 was increased in both the hippocampus and cortex in the KA-induced model with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and both were most highly expressed at 7 days after KA injection. Overexpression of GPR120 significantly alleviated epileptic activity, reduced neuronal death after status epilepticus (SE), downregulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, whereas knockdown GPR120 showed the opposite effect. The effects of GPR120 knockdown were reversed by VX765 inhibition cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1). Conclusion GPR120 modulates epileptic seizure activity and affects neuronal survival in KA-induced mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Furthermore, GPR120 regulated neuroinflammation in epileptic animals through NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjin Qin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Aolei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fuxin Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Weihua Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Zhang L, Zhou H, Wang S, Guan Y, Zhang C, Fang D. Changes in microglia during drug treatment of stroke. IBRAIN 2022; 8:227-240. [PMID: 37786889 PMCID: PMC10528798 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the main immune cells in the brain and the first defense barrier of the nervous system. Microglia play a complex role in the process of stroke. A growing number of studies focus on the mechanism of action of drugs functions and how to regulate microglia. Therefore, we talk about the pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke and elaborate on the microglia signaling pathways of drug action in stroke models and how these drugs play a role in stroke treatment in this review. Understanding how drugs modulate proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses of microglia may be critical to implementing therapeutic strategies using immune interventions in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling‐Jing Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiaZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Hong‐Su Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiaGraduate School of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Shi‐Ya Wang
- Department of AnesthesiaZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yi‐Huan Guan
- Department of AnesthesiaZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - De‐Rong Fang
- Department of Family PlanningAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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20
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Geng X, Wang M, Leng Y, Li L, Yang H, Dai Y, Wang Y. Protective effects on acute hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in mfat-1 transgenic mice by alleviating neuroinflammation. J Biomed Res 2021; 35:474-490. [PMID: 34744086 PMCID: PMC8637658 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.35.20210107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) mainly occurs in adults as a result of perioperative cardiac arrest and asphyxia. The benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in maintaining brain growth and development are well documented. However, possible protective targets and underlying mechanisms of mfat-1 mice on HIBD require further investigation. The mfat-1 transgenic mice exhibited protective effects on HIBD, as indicated by reduced infarct range and improved neurobehavioral defects. RNA-seq analysis showed that multiple pathways and targets were involved in this process, with the anti-inflammatory pathway as the most significant. This study has shown for the first time that mfat-1 has protective effects on HIBD in mice. Activation of a G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120)-related anti-inflammatory pathway may be associated with perioperative and postoperative complications, thus innovating clinical intervention strategy may potentially benefit patients with HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yunjun Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Haiyuan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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21
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Campos J, Silva NA, Salgado AJ. Nutritional interventions for spinal cord injury: preclinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1206-1221. [PMID: 34472615 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that leads to motor, sensory, and autonomic impairments. Its intrinsic pathophysiological complexity has hindered the establishment of effective treatments for decades. Nutritional interventions (NIs) for SCI have been proposed as a route to circumvent some of the problems associated with this condition. Results obtained in animal models point to a more holistic effect, rather than to specific modulation, of several relevant SCI pathophysiological processes. Indeed, published data have shown NI improves energetic imbalance, oxidative damage, and inflammation, which are promoters of improved proteostasis and neurotrophic signaling, leading ultimately to neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. This review focuses on the most well-documented Nis. The mechanistic implications and their translational potential for SCI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Zeng S, Zhao Z, Zheng S, Wu M, Song X, Li Y, Zheng Y, Liu B, Chen L, Gao C, Liu H. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31 is involved in cerebral ischemic injury by promoting degradation of TIGAR. Redox Biol 2021; 45:102058. [PMID: 34218200 PMCID: PMC8260875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) 31 has been implicated in diverse biological and pathological conditions. However, whether TRIM31 plays a role in ischemic stroke progression is not clarified. Here we demonstrated that TRIM31 was significantly downregulated in the ischemic brain and the deficiency of TRIM31 alleviated brain injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion by reducing reactive oxygen species production and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Mechanistically, we found that TRIM31 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), which confers protection against brain ischemia by increasing the pentose phosphate pathway flux and preserving mitochondria function. TRIM31 interacted with TIGAR and promoted the polyubiquitination of TIGAR, consequently facilitated its degradation in a proteasome-dependent pathway. Furthermore, TIGAR knockdown effectively abolished the protective effect of TRIM31 deficiency after cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, we identified that TRIM31 was a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase for TIGAR, played a critical role in regulating its protein level, and subsequently involved in the ischemic brain injury, suggesting TRIM31 as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Ze Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Shengnan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Mengting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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Kawano S, Itoh K, Ishihara Y. Maternal intake of docosahexaenoic acid decreased febrile seizure sensitivity by increasing estrogen synthesis in offspring. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:108038. [PMID: 34052639 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Febrile seizures, which are convulsion in children, are caused by an abrupt increase in body temperature. They are sometimes recurrent, and the more seizures are triggered, the higher the risk of epilepsy and psychiatric disorders increase after growing up. Prevention of febrile seizure is considered to be one of the effective countermeasures in protecting the future health of children; however, pharmacological prevention in the developmental stage is not realistic from the health aspects of the offspring. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an important nutrient especially during pregnancy and childhood and is reported to suppress several types of epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of DHA intake during pregnancy and infancy on febrile seizures in mice. We used a heat chamber for febrile seizure induction in offspring at the age of from 10 to 11 days old. Intake of DHA during pregnancy and infancy significantly increased the amount of DHA in the brain of offspring. Although DHA had no effect on seizure severity, DHA significantly prolonged the seizure latency and increased body temperature at which the first seizure occurred, indicating that maternal DHA intake decreases febrile seizure sensitivity. Brain estrogen levels significantly increased by DHA intake and administration of an inhibitor for cytochrome P450 aromatase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen synthesis, clearly decreased seizure latency and body temperature at which the first seizure occurred. Taken together, DHA could reduce susceptibility to febrile seizures owing to increases in brain estrogen contents. DHA intake during pregnancy and infancy is of significance in protecting infant from seizures as well as conserving health after growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kawano
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Kouichi Itoh
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
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24
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Kikuchi K, Tatebe T, Sudo Y, Yokoyama M, Kidana K, Chiu YW, Takatori S, Arita M, Hori Y, Tomita T. GPR120 Signaling Controls Amyloid-β Degrading Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6173-6185. [PMID: 34099509 PMCID: PMC8276734 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2595-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the extensive deposition of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain. Brain Aβ level is regulated by a balance between Aβ production and clearance. The clearance rate of Aβ is decreased in the brains of sporadic AD patients, indicating that the dysregulation of Aβ clearance mechanisms affects the pathologic process of AD. Astrocytes are among the most abundant cells in the brain and are implicated in the clearance of brain Aβ via their regulation of the blood-brain barrier, glymphatic system, and proteolytic degradation. The cellular morphology and activity of astrocytes are modulated by several molecules, including ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, which is one of the most abundant lipids in the brain, via the G protein-coupled receptor GPR120/FFAR4. In this study, we analyzed the role of GPR120 signaling in the Aβ-degrading activity of astrocytes. Treatment with the selective antagonist upregulated the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor-sensitive Aβ-degrading activity in primary astrocytes. Moreover, the inhibition of GPR120 signaling increased the levels of Mmp2 and Mmp14 mRNAs, and decreased the expression levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (Timp3) and Timp4, suggesting that GPR120 negatively regulates the astrocyte-derived MMP network. Finally, the intracerebral injection of GPR120-specific antagonist substantially decreased the levels of TBS-soluble Aβ in male AD model mice, and this effect was canceled by the coinjection of an MMP inhibitor. These data indicate that astrocytic GPR120 signaling negatively regulates the Aβ-degrading activity of MMPs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The level of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain is a crucial determinant of the development of Alzheimer's disease. Here we found that astrocytes, which are the most abundant cell type in the CNS, harbor degrading activity against Aβ, which is regulated by GPR120 signaling. GPR120 is involved in the inflammatory response and obesity in peripheral organs. However, the pathophysiological role of GPR120 in Alzheimer's disease remains unknown. We found that selective inhibition of GPR120 signaling in astrocytes increased the Aβ-degrading activity of matrix metalloproteases. Our results suggest that GPR120 in astrocytes is a novel therapeutic target for the development of anti-Aβ therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Tatebe
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Miyabishara Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiwami Kidana
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Home Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yung Wen Chiu
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sho Takatori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Downregulation of lncRNA SNHG14 alleviates neurons injury by modulating the miR-181c-5p/BMF axis in ischemic stroke. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:379-388. [PMID: 34224818 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aims to explore the role and mechanism of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) in brain injury caused by ischemic stroke (IS). METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced primary cortical neurons were used to construct in vitro and in vivo models of IS, respectively. Relative SNHG14, miR-181c-5p and Bcl-2-modifying factor (BMF) expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. MTT assay, EdU staining and flow cytometry were used to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis. The protein levels of apoptosis marker and BMF were determined using western blot analysis. ELISA assay was performed to assess cell inflammatory response and injury. RESULTS SNHG14 was upregulated and miR-181c-5p was downregulated in MCAO model and OGD-induced primary cortical neurons. Silencing of SNHG14 markedly promoted proliferation, restrained apoptosis and inflammatory response in OGD-induced primary cortical neurons to alleviate neurons injury. In terms of mechanism, miR-181c-5p could be sponged by SNHG14, and its inhibitor reversed the inhibition effect of SNHG14 silencing on OGD-induced neurons injury. Also, BMF was a target of miR-181c-5p, and its overexpression could reverse the suppressive effect of miR-181c-5p on OGD-induced neurons injury. Our data uncovered that BMF expression was positively regulated by SNHG14 and negatively regulated by miR-181c-5p. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that SNHG14 promoted neurons injury through regulating miR-181c-5p/BMF axis, suggesting that SNHG14 might be a potential target to alleviate IS-induced brain injury.
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26
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Abdelmeguid NE, Khalil MIM, Elhabet R, Sultan AS, Salam SA. Combination of docosahexaenoic acid and Ginko biloba extract improves cognitive function and hippocampal tissue damages in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 116:101995. [PMID: 34182090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases characterized by a progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions among elder people. Nowadays, natural antioxidants have been used to recover the quality of life for those with AD. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the combined effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Ginkgo bilobastandardized extract (EGb761) on AD mice. AD was induced in adult male albino mice with AlCl3 (20 mg/kg b.w, i.g.) and D-galactose (D-gal; 120 mg/kg, i.p.) for 90 days. 30 days after induction, mice were treated with DHA (200 mg/kg b.w., i.g.) and EGb761 (200 mg/kg b.w., i.g.) for two months. Our data revealed that the dual treatment of DHA and EGb761 significantly improved cognitive memory and spatial learning abilities in AD-induced mice. The drug treatments preserved the hippocampal CA3 architecture and restored neuronal ultrastructural alterations. Expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the most implicated protein phosphatase in AD neurodegeneration, was highly upregulated in the CA3 hippocampus of AD mice treated with DHA and EGb761. Intriguingly, TNF-α expression was significantly reduced in the same group. In conclusion, our findings proved that the combined effect of DHA and EGb761 tended to be potent against the neurodegenerative effect of AlCl3 and D-gal. The applied treatment enhanced neuronal survival and cognitive functions via upregulation of PP2A and restoration of TNF-α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila E Abdelmeguid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud I M Khalil
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon.
| | - Rasha Elhabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sherine Abdel Salam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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27
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Xu Q, Zhao B, Ye Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xiong X, Gu L. Relevant mediators involved in and therapies targeting the inflammatory response induced by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:123. [PMID: 34059091 PMCID: PMC8166383 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a member of the NLR family of inherent immune cell sensors. The NLRP3 inflammasome can detect tissue damage and pathogen invasion through innate immune cell sensor components commonly known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs promote activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, thus increasing the transcription of genes encoding proteins related to the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a complex with multiple components, including an NAIP, CIITA, HET-E, and TP1 (NACHT) domain; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC); and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. After ischemic stroke, the NLRP3 inflammasome can produce numerous proinflammatory cytokines, mediating nerve cell dysfunction and brain edema and ultimately leading to nerve cell death once activated. Ischemic stroke is a disease with high rates of mortality and disability worldwide and is being observed in increasingly younger populations. To date, there are no clearly effective therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. Understanding the NLRP3 inflammasome may provide novel ideas and approaches because targeting of upstream and downstream molecules in the NLRP3 pathway shows promise for ischemic stroke therapy. In this manuscript, we summarize the existing evidence regarding the composition and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the molecules involved in inflammatory pathways, and corresponding drugs or molecules that exert effects after cerebral ischemia. This evidence may provide possible targets or new strategies for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Xu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yina Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Carullo G, Mazzotta S, Vega-Holm M, Iglesias-Guerra F, Vega-Pérez JM, Aiello F, Brizzi A. GPR120/FFAR4 Pharmacology: Focus on Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4312-4332. [PMID: 33843223 PMCID: PMC8154576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
activated by free fatty
acids (FFAs) have emerged as new and exciting drug targets, due to
their plausible translation from pharmacology to medicines. This perspective
aims to report recent research about GPR120/FFAR4 and its involvement
in several diseases, including cancer, inflammatory conditions, and
central nervous system disorders. The focus is to highlight the importance
of GPR120 in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GPR120 agonists, useful
in T2DM drug discovery, have been widely explored from a structure–activity
relationship point of view. Since the identification of the first
reported synthetic agonist TUG-891, the research has paved the way
for the development of TUG-based molecules as well as new and different
chemical entities. These molecules might represent the starting point
for the future discovery of GPR120 agonists as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Margarita Vega-Holm
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Iglesias-Guerra
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José Manuel Vega-Pérez
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, DoE 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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McCarty MF, Lerner A. The second phase of brain trauma can be controlled by nutraceuticals that suppress DAMP-mediated microglial activation. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:559-570. [PMID: 33749495 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1907182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A delayed second wave of brain trauma is mediated in large part by microglia that are activated to a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype by DAMP proteins released by dying neurons. These microglia can promote apoptosis or necrosis in neighboring neurons by producing a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the deadly oxidant peroxynitrite. This second wave could therefore be mitigated with agents that blunt the post-traumatic M1 activation of microglia and that preferentially promote a pro-healing M2 phenotype. AREAS COVERED The literature on nutraceuticals that might have clinical potential in this regard. EXPERT OPINION The chief signaling pathway whereby DAMPs promote M1 microglial activation involves activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADPH oxidase, NF-kappaB, and the stress activated kinases JNK and p38. The green tea catechin EGCG can suppress TLR4 expression. Phycocyanobilin can inhibit NOX2-dependent NADPH oxidase, ferulate and melatonin can oppose pro-inflammatory signal modulation by NADPH oxidase-derived oxidants. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, the soy isoflavone genistein, the AMPK activator berberine, glucosamine, and ketone bodies can down-regulate NF-kappaB activation. Vitamin D activity can oppose JNK/p38 activation. A sophisticated program of nutraceutical supplementation may have important potential for mitigating the second phase of neuronal death and aiding subsequent healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Department of research, Catalytic Longevity Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Understanding the appetite modulation pathways: The role of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114503. [PMID: 33711286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaconutrition is an area of current interest, especially concerning the advances in the pharmacology of nutrient-sensing receptors, as have been accomplished in the last 20 years. The family of free fatty acid (FFA) receptors is composed of four members, sequentially named as FFA1 to FFA4, which are activated by the short to long-chain fatty acids. The affinity of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors for the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prompted pre-clinical and clinical investigations regarding their involvement in metabolic diseases. The main studies have been focused on the receptors' expression analyses, the featuring of knockout mice, and the assessment of selective synthetic ligands. These clearly have indicated a relevant role for FFA1 and FFA4 in the peripheral and central circuits for the regulation of energetic metabolism. This review article aimed to discuss the relevance of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors in appetite-related complications, mainly related to obesity, cancer cachexia, and anorexia in the elderly, emphasizing whether their pharmacological modulation might be useful for the management of these disorders.
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Lavandera JV, Reus V, Saín J, Bernal CA, González MA. Dietary n-9, n-6 and n-3 fatty acids modulate the oxidative stress in brain and liver of mice. Effect of trans fatty acids supplementation. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-200508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Arachidonic (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids interaction affects brain structure and function. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) generate oxygenated lipid-derived eicosanoids which modulate the inflammatory response. The presence of trans fatty acids (TFA) in neuronal membranes can favor to generation of pro-oxidant metabolites. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of supplementation with TFA to diets containing different proportions of FA, on the oxidative stress (OS) generation and the inflammatory response in mice brain and liver. METHODS: CF1 mice were fed diets (16 weeks) with olive (O), corn (C) or rapeseed (R) oils. OS parameters and gene expression of some key liver and brain enzymes involved in OS production were evaluated. RESULTS: In brain and liver, lipoperoxidation was increased and catalase activity was decreased in C. In brain, glutathione was diminished by supplementation with TFA in all diets and histological sections showed lymphocytes in O and C. In liver, decreased amount of lipid vacuoles and increased of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and PPARγ mRNA levels were observed in R and Rt. IL-1b and IL-6 in serum were augmented in O and Ot. CONCLUSIONS: Rapeseed oil could have protective effects on the development of OS and inflammation, while TFA supplementation did not showed marked effects on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Verónica Lavandera
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Verónica Reus
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juliana Saín
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Adrian Bernal
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcela Aida González
- Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Chang CY, Wu CC, Wang JD, Li JR, Wang YY, Lin SY, Chen WY, Liao SL, Chen CJ. DHA attenuated Japanese Encephalitis virus infection-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in cultured rat Neuron/glia. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:194-205. [PMID: 33486004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is a neurotropic virus and its Central Nervous System (CNS) infection causes fatal encephalitis with high mortality and morbidity. Microglial activation and consequences of bystander damage appear to be the dominant mechanisms for Japanese Encephalitis and complications. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential fatty acid and a major component of brain cell membranes, possesses additional biological activities, including anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. Through this study, we have provided experimental evidence showing the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-viral effects of DHA against JEV infection in rat Neuron/glia cultures. By Neuron/glia and Neuron cultures, DHA protected against neuronal cell death upon JEV infection and reduced JEV amplification. In Neuron/glia and Microglia cultures, the effects of DHA were accompanied by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory M1 microglia, upregulation of anti-inflammatory M2 microglia, and reduction of neurotoxic cytokine expression, which could be attributed to its interference in the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), and Interferon/Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (Stat), along with the NF-κB, AP-1, and c-AMP Response Element Binding Protein (CREB) controlled transcriptional programs. Parallel anti-inflammatory effects against JEV infection were duplicated by G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPR120) and GPR40 agonists and a reversal of DHA-mediated anti-inflammation was seen in the presence of GPR120 antagonist, while the GPR40 was less effectiveness. Since increasing evidence indicates its neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases, DHA is a proposed anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective candidate for the treatment of neuroinflammation-accompanied viral pathogenesis such as Japanese Encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chang
- Department of Surgery, Feng Yuan Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Financial Engineering, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Data Science and Big Data Analytics, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Division of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Activation of GPR120 in podocytes ameliorates kidney fibrosis and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:252-263. [PMID: 32948825 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease worldwide. ω3-Fatty acids (ω3FAs) were found to attenuate kidney inflammation, glomerulosclerosis, and albuminuria in experimental and clinical studies of DN. As G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) was firstly identified as the receptor of ω3FAs, we here investigated the function of GPR120 in DN. We first examined the renal biopsies of DN patients, and found that GPR120 expression was negatively correlated with the progression of DN. Immunofluorescence staining analysis revealed that GPR120 protein was mainly located in the podocytes of the glomerulus. A potent and selective GPR120 agonist TUG-891 (35 mg · kg-1 · d-1, ig) was administered to db/db mice for 4 weeks. We showed that TUG-891 administration significantly improved urinary albumin excretion, protected against podocyte injury, and reduced collagen deposition in the glomerulus. In db/db mice, TUG-891 administration significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of fibronectin, collagen IV, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and IL-6, and downregulated the phosphorylation of Smad3 and STAT3 to alleviate glomerulosclerosis. Similar results were observed in high-glucose-treated MPC5 podocytes in the presence of TUG-891 (10 μM). Furthermore, we showed that TUG-891 effectively upregulated GPR120 expression, and suppressed TAK1-binding protein-1 expression as well as the phosphorylation of TAK1, IKKβ, NF-κB p65, JNK, and p38 MAPK in db/db mice and high-glucose-treated MPC5 podocytes. Knockdown of GPR120 in MPC5 podocytes caused the opposite effects of TUG-891. In summary, our results highlight that activation of GPR120 in podocytes ameliorates renal inflammation and fibrosis to protect against DN.
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Shi AC, Rohlwink U, Scafidi S, Kannan S. Microglial Metabolism After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury - Overlooked Bystanders or Active Participants? Front Neurol 2021; 11:626999. [PMID: 33569038 PMCID: PMC7868439 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.626999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play an integral role in brain development but are also crucial for repair and recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI induces an intense innate immune response in the immature, developing brain that is associated with acute and chronic changes in microglial function. These changes contribute to long-lasting consequences on development, neurologic function, and behavior. Although alterations in glucose metabolism are well-described after TBI, the bulk of the data is focused on metabolic alterations in astrocytes and neurons. To date, the interplay between alterations in intracellular metabolic pathways in microglia and the innate immune response in the brain following an injury is not well-studied. In this review, we broadly discuss the microglial responses after TBI. In addition, we highlight reported metabolic alterations in microglia and macrophages, and provide perspective on how changes in glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism can influence and modulate the microglial phenotype and response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria C Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ursula Rohlwink
- Neuroscience Institute and Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ischemic stroke - A perspective of specialized pro-resolving mediators. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2974-2987. [PMID: 33509668 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed as beneficial for cardiovascular health. However, results from both epidemiological studies and clinical trials have been inconsistent, whereas most of the animal studies showed promising benefits of PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. In recent years, it has become clear that PUFAs are metabolized into various types of bioactive derivatives, including the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs exert multiple biofunctions, such as to limit excessive inflammatory responses, regulate lipid metabolism and immune cell functions, decrease production of pro-inflammatory factors, increase anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as to promote tissue repair and homeostasis. Inflammation has been recognised as a key contributor to the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. Owing to their potent pro-resolving actions, SPMs are potential for development of novel anti-stroke therapy. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge of epidemiological studies, basic research and clinical trials concerning PUFAs in stroke prevention and treatment, with special attention to SPMs as the unsung heroes behind PUFAs.
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Hu W, Lin C. S100a8 silencing attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in BV2 cells induced by oxygen‑glucose deprivation and reoxygenation by upregulating GAB1 expression. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:64. [PMID: 33215218 PMCID: PMC7716398 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
S100a8 serves an important role in cell differentiation and is abnormally expressed in common tumors, but there are few studies on the association between S100a8 and brain I/R injury. The present study aimed to investigate the role of S100a8 in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced BV2 microglia cell injury, and to elucidate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. BV2 cells were exposed to OGD/R to mimic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro. S100a8 expression was detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses. Following transfection with short hairpin RNAs targeting S100a8, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related factors were determined using commercial kits. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometric analysis and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were determined using western blot analysis. Subsequently, the mRNA and protein levels of Grb2-associated binder 1 (GAB1) were assessed following S100a8 silencing. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was performed to verify the association between S100a8 and GAB1. The levels of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were assessed following GAB1 silencing, along with S100a8 silencing in BV2 cells subjected to OGD/R. The results indicated that exposure to OGD/R markedly upregulated S100a8 expression in BV2 cells. S100a8 silencing inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, accompanied by changes in the expression of related proteins. The IP assay revealed a strong interaction between GAB1 and S100a8. In addition, GAB1 silencing reversed the inhibitory effects of S100a8 silencing on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in OGD/R-stimulated BV2 cells. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that S100a8 silencing alleviated inflammation, oxidative stress and the apoptosis of BV2 cells induced by OGD/R, partly by upregulating the expression of GAB1. Thus, these findings may potentially provide a novel direction to develop therapeutic strategies for cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Hu
- Pediatric Neurology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, P.R. China
| | - Caimei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xiamen Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, P.R. China
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Parolini C. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Efficacy on inflammatory-based disorders. Life Sci 2020; 263:118591. [PMID: 33069735 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological response to injury, stimulating tissue repair and regeneration. However, the presence of peculiar individual conditions can negatively perturb the resolution phase eventually leading to a state of low-grade systemic chronic inflammation, characterized by tissue and organ damages and increased susceptibility to non-communicable disease. Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are able to influence many aspects of this process. Experiments performed in various animal models of obesity, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis have demonstrated that n-3 PUFAs can modulate the basic mechanisms as well as the disease progression. This review describes the available data from experimental studies to the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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38
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Zhi D, Zhang M, Lin J, Liu P, Duan M. GPR120 Ameliorates Apoptosis and Inhibits the Production of Inflammatory Cytokines in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2020; 44:493-505. [PMID: 33009637 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common complication of sepsis with a high mortality rate. In this study, we focus on the renal injury caused by the immune response of renal tubular epithelial cells and inflammation-induced renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis. We studied the role of GRP120 in the inflammation and apoptosis of human renal cell line HK-2 and mouse primary renal tubular epithelial cells. GPR120 agonist GW9508 activated the GPR120 pathway. Inflammatory factors were detected using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell apoptosis experiments included the annexin V and PI double-staining method combined with flow cytometry, TUNEL method, and Western blot. The level of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in HK-2 and TECs after the activation of the GPR120 pathway. Besides, the cell apoptosis of both cells increased. Overexpressed GPR120 and shGPR120 were established. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased the level of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and iNOS in HK-2 cell and TECs. Compared with control-LPS and negative control (NC)-LPS, the overexpression of GPR120 and shGPR120 could decrease and increase the level of secreted cytokines significantly (P < 0.05), respectively, after LPS-induced apoptosis. After H2O2- and LPS-induced apoptosis, respectively, compared with the control and NC groups, overexpressed GPR120 and shGPR120 could reduce and increase the expression of caspase-3, respectively. GPR120 could suppress the cellular immune response and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells, thereby possibly protecting the kidney and relieving sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyuan Zhi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Meili Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Zirpoli H, Chang CL, Carpentier YA, Michael-Titus AT, Ten VS, Deckelbaum RJ. Novel Approaches for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapeutics: Chronic Versus Acute Administration to Protect Heart, Brain, and Spinal Cord. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:161-187. [PMID: 32966188 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews novel approaches for omega-3 fatty acid (FA) therapeutics and the linked molecular mechanisms in cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In vitro and in vivo research studies indicate that omega-3 FAs affect synergic mechanisms that include modulation of cell membrane fluidity, regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, and production of bioactive mediators. We compare how chronic and acute treatments with omega-3 FAs differentially trigger pathways of protection in heart, brain, and spinal cord injuries. We also summarize recent omega-3 FA randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses and discuss possible reasons for controversial results, with suggestions on improving the study design for future clinical trials. Acute treatment with omega-3 FAs offers a novel approach for preserving cardiac and neurological functions, and the combinations of acute treatment with chronic administration of omega-3 FAs might represent an additional therapeutic strategy for ameliorating adverse cardiovascular and CNS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Chuchun L Chang
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Yvon A Carpentier
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Nutrition Lipid Developments, SPRL, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery, and Trauma, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Vadim S Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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40
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GPR120 promotes radiation resistance in esophageal cancer via regulating AKT and apoptosis pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 32:53-60. [PMID: 32932281 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the role of GPR120 on the biological behavior of esophageal cancer cells in the setting of radiation and explore the mechanism. GPR120 knockdown was fulfilled by siRNA-mediated effects in two esophageal cancer cell lines Eca109 and EC9706. Colony formation, survival fraction calculation, viable cell evaluation by cell counting kit-8 assay and cell apoptosis analysis by phycoerythrin annexin V and 7-amino-actinomycin (7-AAD) staining and the flow cytometry examination was evaluated in Eca109 and EC9706 under the treatment of different radiation dosage. The mechanisms were explored by the evaluation of the Akt pathway and apoptosis protein level. Significantly decreased GPR120 mRNA and protein after GPR120 siRNA treatment compared to control siRNA treatment. Significantly decreased colony formation was found in GPR120 siRNA-treated Eca109 and EC9706 cells compared to control siRNA-treated cells at the radiation dosage of 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy. Moreover, decreased survival fraction number with increased sensitive enhancing ratio was also found in GPR120 siRNA-treated Eca109 and EC9706 cells compared to control siRNA-treated cells. Decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis in GPR120 siRNA-treated esophageal cancer cells. GPR120 siRNA decreased the Akt phosphorylation and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression level, but increased pro-apoptotic Bim expression level in esophageal cancer cell lines. GPR120 regulated the biological behavior of the esophageal cancer cells via affecting Akt pathway and apoptosis molecules. Moreover, GPR120 siRNA combined radiation treatment could be a therapeutic choice for esophageal cancer.
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41
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Thomas SS, Cha YS, Kim KA. Perilla Oil Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation in the Colon of Mice by Suppressing Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation. J Med Food 2020; 23:818-826. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shalom Sara Thomas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103624. [PMID: 32455532 PMCID: PMC7279222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic low-grade inflammatory process in which activated microglia generate cytotoxic factors-most prominently peroxynitrite-which induce the death and dysfunction of neighboring dopaminergic neurons. Dying neurons then release damage-associated molecular pattern proteins such as high mobility group box 1 which act on microglia via a range of receptors to amplify microglial activation. Since peroxynitrite is a key mediator in this process, it is proposed that nutraceutical measures which either suppress microglial production of peroxynitrite, or which promote the scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived oxidants, should have value for the prevention and control of PD. Peroxynitrite production can be quelled by suppressing activation of microglial NADPH oxidase-the source of its precursor superoxide-or by down-regulating the signaling pathways that promote microglial expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Phycocyanobilin of spirulina, ferulic acid, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, good vitamin D status, promotion of hydrogen sulfide production with taurine and N-acetylcysteine, caffeine, epigallocatechin-gallate, butyrogenic dietary fiber, and probiotics may have potential for blunting microglial iNOS induction. Scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals may be amplified with supplemental zinc or inosine. Astaxanthin has potential for protecting the mitochondrial respiratory chain from peroxynitrite and environmental mitochondrial toxins. Healthful programs of nutraceutical supplementation may prove to be useful and feasible in the primary prevention or slow progression of pre-existing PD. Since damage to the mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons by environmental toxins is suspected to play a role in triggering the self-sustaining inflammation that drives PD pathogenesis, there is also reason to suspect that plant-based diets of modest protein content, and possibly a corn-rich diet high in spermidine, might provide protection from PD by boosting protective mitophagy and thereby aiding efficient mitochondrial function. Low-protein diets can also promote a more even response to levodopa therapy.
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Deura C, Moriyama R. Short-term but not long-term high-fat diet induces an increase in gene expression of gonadotropic hormones and GPR120 in the male mouse pituitary gland. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:143-148. [PMID: 31902809 PMCID: PMC7175384 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) is associated with the regulation of reproductive functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term HFD on the mRNA expression levels of
follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit (FSHβ), luteinizing hormone β subunit (LHβ), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, and long-chain fatty acid receptor, GPR120, in the matured male
mouse pituitary gland. Adult male mice were fed either control chow or HFD for 1, 2, 5, 10, 30 and 150 days. Fshb and Gpr120 mRNA expression levels in the
pituitary glands were significantly increased during 2 to 30 days of HFD feeding. Gnrh-r mRNA in the 30 days HFD fed group and body weight in the 30 and 150 days HFD fed
groups were higher than control. However, there were no significant differences in plasma non-esterified fatty acids or glucose levels during the 150 days of HFD feeding. These results
suggest that male mice feeding a short-term HFD induces FSHβ synthesis and GPR120 expression in their pituitary gonadotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikaya Deura
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Moriyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Its Peroxidation Product on Amyloid-β Peptide-Stimulated Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1085-1098. [PMID: 31677009 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerts neuroprotective effects, although the mechanism(s) underlying these beneficial effects are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that DHA, but not arachidonic acid (ARA), suppressed oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in primary mouse microglia and immortalized mouse microglia (BV2). Similarly, DHA but not ARA suppressed oAβ-induced increases in phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (p-cPLA2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in BV2 cells. LC-MS/MS assay indicated the ability for DHA to cause an increase in 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE) and suppress oAβ-induced increase in 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). Although oAβ did not alter the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, exogenous DHA, ARA as well as low concentrations of 4-HHE and 4-HNE upregulated this pathway and increased production of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in microglial cells. These results suggest that DHA modulates ARA metabolism in oAβ-stimulated microglia through suppressing oxidative and inflammatory pathways and upregulating the antioxidative stress pathway involving Nrf2/HO-1. Understanding the mechanism(s) underlying the beneficial effects of DHA on microglia should shed light into nutraceutical therapy for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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