1
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Li S, Bettoni S, Mohlin F, Geoghegan JA, Blom AM, Laabei M. Recruitment of C4b-binding protein is not a complement evasion strategy employed by Staphylococcus aureus. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001391. [PMID: 37668351 PMCID: PMC10569063 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Complement offers a first line of defence against infection through the opsonization of microbial pathogens, recruitment of professional phagocytes to the infection site and the coordination of inflammatory responses required for the resolution of infection. Staphylococcus aureus is a successful pathogen that has developed multiple mechanisms to thwart host immune responses. Understanding the precise strategies employed by S. aureus to bypass host immunity will be paramount for the development of vaccines and or immunotherapies designed to prevent or limit infection. To gain a better insight into the specific immune evasion mechanisms used by S. aureus we examined the pathogen's interaction with the soluble complement inhibitor, C4b-binding protein (C4BP). Previous studies indicated that S. aureus recruits C4BP using a specific cell-wall-anchored surface protein and that bound C4BP limits complement deposition on the staphylococcal surface. Using flow-cytometric-based bacterial-protein binding assays we observed no interaction between S. aureus and C4BP. Moreover, we offer a precautionary warning that C4BP isolated from plasma can be co-purified with minute quantities of human IgG, which can distort binding analysis between S. aureus and human-derived proteins. Combined our data indicates that recruitment of C4BP is not a complement evasion strategy employed by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Li
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Serena Bettoni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frida Mohlin
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joan A. Geoghegan
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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2
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Zhao F, Bai Y, Xiang X, Pang X. The role of fibromodulin in inflammatory responses and diseases associated with inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191787. [PMID: 37483637 PMCID: PMC10360182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an immune response that the host organism eliminates threats from foreign objects or endogenous signals. It plays a key role in the progression, prognosis as well as therapy of diseases. Chronic inflammatory diseases have been regarded as the main cause of death worldwide at present, which greatly affect a vast number of individuals, producing economic and social burdens. Thus, developing drugs targeting inflammation has become necessary and attractive in the world. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) exhibit essential roles in various inflammatory responses by acting as an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory role in different scenarios of diseases. Of particular interest was a well-studied member, termed fibromodulin (FMOD), which has been largely explored in the role of inflammatory responses in inflammatory-related diseases. In this review, particular focus is given to the role of FMOD in inflammatory response including the relationship of FMOD with the complement system and immune cells, as well as the role of FMOD in the diseases associated with inflammation, such as skin wounding healing, osteoarthritis (OA), tendinopathy, atherosclerosis, and heart failure (HF). By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the role of FMOD in inflammation, which may open the way for the development of new anti-inflammation drugs in the scenarios of different inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuerong Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Clarke OE, Pelling H, Bennett V, Matsumoto T, Gregory GE, Nzakizwanayo J, Slate AJ, Preston A, Laabei M, Bock LJ, Wand ME, Ikebukuro K, Gebhard S, Sutton JM, Jones BV. Lipopolysaccharide structure modulates cationic biocide susceptibility and crystalline biofilm formation in Proteus mirabilis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1150625. [PMID: 37089543 PMCID: PMC10113676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1150625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorhexidine (CHD) is a cationic biocide used ubiquitously in healthcare settings. Proteus mirabilis, an important pathogen of the catheterized urinary tract, and isolates of this species are often described as "resistant" to CHD-containing products used for catheter infection control. To identify the mechanisms underlying reduced CHD susceptibility in P. mirabilis, we subjected the CHD tolerant clinical isolate RS47 to random transposon mutagenesis and screened for mutants with reduced CHD minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). One mutant recovered from these screens (designated RS47-2) exhibited ~ 8-fold reduction in CHD MIC. Complete genome sequencing of RS47-2 showed a single mini-Tn5 insert in the waaC gene involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inner core biosynthesis. Phenotypic screening of RS47-2 revealed a significant increase in cell surface hydrophobicity and serum susceptibility compared to the wildtype, and confirmed defects in LPS production congruent with waaC inactivation. Disruption of waaC was also associated with increased susceptibility to a range of other cationic biocides but did not affect susceptibility to antibiotics tested. Complementation studies showed that repression of smvA efflux activity in RS47-2 further increased susceptibility to CHD and other cationic biocides, reducing CHD MICs to values comparable with the most CHD susceptible isolates characterized. The formation of crystalline biofilms and blockage of urethral catheters was also significantly attenuated in RS47-2. Taken together, these data show that aspects of LPS structure and upregulation of the smvA efflux system function in synergy to modulate susceptibility to CHD and other cationic biocides, and that LPS structure is also an important factor in P. mirabilis crystalline biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. E. Clarke
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - H. Pelling
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - V. Bennett
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - T. Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G. E. Gregory
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - J. Nzakizwanayo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - A. J. Slate
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - A. Preston
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - M. Laabei
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - L. J. Bock
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - M. E. Wand
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - K. Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Gebhard
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - J. M. Sutton
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - B. V. Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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4
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Papp A, Papp K, Uzonyi B, Cserhalmi M, Csincsi ÁI, Szabó Z, Bánlaki Z, Ermert D, Prohászka Z, Erdei A, Ferreira VP, Blom AM, Józsi M. Complement Factor H-Related Proteins FHR1 and FHR5 Interact With Extracellular Matrix Ligands, Reduce Factor H Regulatory Activity and Enhance Complement Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845953. [PMID: 35392081 PMCID: PMC8980529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), when exposed to body fluids may promote local complement activation and inflammation. Pathologic complement activation at the glomerular basement membrane and at the Bruch's membrane is implicated in renal and eye diseases, respectively. Binding of soluble complement inhibitors to the ECM, including factor H (FH), is important to prevent excessive complement activation. Since the FH-related (FHR) proteins FHR1 and FHR5 are also implicated in these diseases, our aim was to study whether these FHRs can also bind to ECM components and affect local FH activity and complement activation. Both FH and the FHRs showed variable binding to ECM components. We identified laminin, fibromodulin, osteoadherin and PRELP as ligands of FHR1 and FHR5, and found that FHR1 bound to these ECM components through its C-terminal complement control protein (CCP) domains 4-5, whereas FHR5 bound via its middle region, CCPs 3-7. Aggrecan, biglycan and decorin did not bind FH, FHR1 and FHR5. FHR5 also bound to immobilized C3b, a model of surface-deposited C3b, via CCPs 3-7. By contrast, soluble C3, C3(H2O), and the C3 fragments C3b, iC3b and C3d bound to CCPs 8-9 of FHR5. Properdin, which was previously described to bind via CCPs 1-2 to FHR5, did not bind in its physiologically occurring serum forms in our assays. FHR1 and FHR5 inhibited the binding of FH to the identified ECM proteins in a dose-dependent manner, which resulted in reduced FH cofactor activity. Moreover, both FHR1 and FHR5 enhanced alternative complement pathway activation on immobilized ECM proteins when exposed to human serum, resulting in the increased deposition of C3-fragments, factor B and C5b-9. Thus, our results identify novel ECM ligands of FH family proteins and indicate that FHR1 and FHR5 are competitive inhibitors of FH on ECM and, when bound to these ligands, they may enhance local complement activation and promote inflammation under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Papp
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Papp
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Uzonyi
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marcell Cserhalmi
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám I Csincsi
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsóka Szabó
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bánlaki
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Ermert
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viviana P Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Mihály Józsi
- MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Laabei M, Colineau L, Bettoni S, Maziarz K, Ermert D, Riesbeck K, Ram S, Blom AM. Antibacterial Fusion Proteins Enhance Moraxella catarrhalis Killing. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2122. [PMID: 32983170 PMCID: PMC7492680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a human-specific commensal of the respiratory tract and an opportunistic pathogen. It is one of the leading cause of otitis media in children and of acute exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, resulting in significant morbidity and economic burden. Vaccines and new immunotherapeutic strategies to treat this emerging pathogen are needed. Complement is a key component of innate immunity that mediates the detection, response, and subsequent elimination of invading pathogens. Many pathogens including M. catarrhalis have evolved complement evasion mechanisms, which include the binding of human complement inhibitors such as C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and Factor H (FH). Inhibiting C4BP and FH acquisition by M. catarrhalis may provide a novel therapeutic avenue to treat infections. To achieve this, we created two chimeric proteins that combined the Moraxella-binding domains of C4BP and FH fused to human immunoglobulin Fcs: C4BP domains 1 and 2 and FH domains 6 and 7 fused to IgM and IgG Fc, respectively. As expected, FH6-7/IgG displaced FH from the bacterial surface while simultaneously activating complement via Fc-C1q interactions, together increasing pathogen elimination. C4BP1-2/IgM also increased serum killing of the bacteria through enhanced complement deposition, but did not displace C4BP from the surface of M. catarrhalis. These Fc fusion proteins could act as anti-infective immunotherapies. Many microbes bind the complement inhibitors C4BP and FH through the same domains as M. catarrhalis, therefore these Fc fusion proteins may be promising candidates as adjunctive therapy against many different drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisem Laabei
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Colineau
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Serena Bettoni
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karolina Maziarz
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Ermert
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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6
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Vogt LM, Kwasniewicz E, Talens S, Scavenius C, Bielecka E, Ekdahl KN, Enghild JJ, Mörgelin M, Saxne T, Potempa J, Blom AM. Apolipoprotein E Triggers Complement Activation in Joint Synovial Fluid of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients by Binding C1q. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2779-2790. [PMID: 32253242 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We identified apolipoprotein E (ApoE) as one of the proteins that are found in complex with complement component C4d in pooled synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Immobilized human ApoE activated both the classical and the alternative complement pathways. In contrast, ApoE in solution demonstrated an isoform-dependent inhibition of hemolysis and complement deposition at the level of sC5b-9. Using electron microscopy imaging, we confirmed that ApoE interacts differently with C1q depending on its context; surface-bound ApoE predominantly bound C1q globular heads, whereas ApoE in a solution favored the hinge/stalk region of C1q. As a model for the lipidated state of ApoE in lipoprotein particles, we incorporated ApoE into phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine liposomes and found that the presence of ApoE on liposomes increased deposition of C1q and C4b from serum when analyzed using flow cytometry. In addition, posttranslational modifications associated with RA, such as citrullination and oxidation, reduced C4b deposition, whereas carbamylation enhanced C4b deposition on immobilized ApoE. Posttranslational modification of ApoE did not alter C1q interaction but affected binding of complement inhibitors factor H and C4b-binding protein. This suggests that changed ability of C4b to deposit on modified ApoE may play an important role. Our data show that posttranslational modifications of ApoE alter its interactions with complement. Moreover, ApoE may play different roles in the body depending on its solubility, and in diseased states such as RA, deposited ApoE may induce local complement activation rather than exert its typical role of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M Vogt
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ewa Kwasniewicz
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Simone Talens
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ewa Bielecka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, PL-30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kristina N Ekdahl
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tore Saxne
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, S-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Potempa
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; and.,Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden;
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7
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Riesbeck K. Complement evasion by the human respiratory tract pathogens Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2586-2597. [PMID: 32053211 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
All infective bacterial species need to conquer the innate immune system in order to colonize and survive in their hosts. The human respiratory pathogens Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are no exceptions and have developed sophisticated mechanisms to evade complement-mediated killing. Both bacterial species carry lipooligosaccharides preventing complement attacks and attract and utilize host complement regulators C4b binding protein and factor H to inhibit the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation, respectively. In addition, the regulator of the terminal pathway of complement activation, vitronectin, is hijacked by both bacteria. An array of different outer membrane proteins (OMP) in H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis simultaneously binds complement regulators, but also plasminogen. Several of the bacterial complement-binding proteins are important adhesins and contain highly conserved regions for interactions with the host. Thus, some of the OMP are viable targets for new therapeutics, including vaccines aimed at preventing respiratory tract diseases such as otitis media in children and exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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8
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Thornton RB, Hakansson A, Hood DW, Nokso-Koivisto J, Preciado D, Riesbeck K, Richmond PC, Su YC, Swords WE, Brockman KL. Panel 7 - Pathogenesis of otitis media - a review of the literature between 2015 and 2019. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 130 Suppl 1:109838. [PMID: 31879085 PMCID: PMC7062565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a comprehensive review of the literature from July 2015 to June 2019 on the pathogenesis of otitis media. Bacteria, viruses and the role of the microbiome as well as the host response are discussed. Directions for future research are also suggested. DATA SOURCES PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. REVIEW METHODS PubMed was searched for any papers pertaining to OM pathogenesis between July 2015 and June 2019. If in English, abstracts were assessed individually for their relevance and included in the report. Members of the panel drafted the report based on these searches and on new data presented at the 20th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media. CONCLUSIONS The main themes that arose in OM pathogenesis were around the need for symptomatic viral infections to develop disease. Different populations potentially having different mechanisms of pathogenesis. Novel bacterial otopathogens are emerging and need to be monitored. Animal models need to continue to be developed and used to understand disease pathogenesis. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings in the pathogenesis panel have several implications for both research and clinical practice. The most urgent areas appear to be to continue monitoring the emergence of novel otopathogens, and the need to develop prevention and preventative therapies that do not rely on antibiotics and protect against the development of the initial OM episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Thornton
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty Health and Medical Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Hakansson
- Experimental Infection Medicine, Dept. of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - D W Hood
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - J Nokso-Koivisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Preciado
- Sheikh Zayed Center for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Dept. of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P C Richmond
- School of Medicine, Division of Paediatrics, Faculty Health and Medical Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Y C Su
- Clinical Microbiology, Dept. of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - W E Swords
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - K L Brockman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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9
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Colineau L, Laabei M, Liu G, Ermert D, Lambris JD, Riesbeck K, Blom AM. Interaction of Streptococcus pyogenes with extracellular matrix components resulting in immunomodulation and bacterial eradication. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100020. [PMID: 33543018 PMCID: PMC7852299 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases ranging from mild skin and throat infections to fatal septicemia. In severe invasive infections, S. pyogenes encounters and interacts with components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including small leucine rich-proteoglycans (SLRPs). In this study, we report a novel antimicrobial role played by SLRPs biglycan, decorin, fibromodulin and osteoadherin, specifically in promoting the eradication of S. pyogenes in a human sepsis model of infection. SLRPs can be released from the ECM and de novo synthesized by a number of cell types. We reveal that infection of human monocytes by S. pyogenes induces the expression of decorin. Furthermore, we show that the majority of genetically distinct and clinically relevant S. pyogenes isolates interact with SLRPs resulting in decreased survival in blood killing assays. Biglycan and decorin induce TLR2 and TLR4 signaling cascades resulting in secretion of proinflammatory and chemotactic molecules and recruitment of professional phagocytes. Surprisingly, SLRP-mediated elimination of S. pyogenes occurs independently of TLR activation. Our results indicate that SLRPs act in concert with human serum, enhancing deposition of complement activation fragments and the classical activator C1q on the bacterial surface, facilitating efficient microbial eradication. Addition of the complement C3 inhibitor compstatin significantly reverses SLRP-induced blood killing, confirming active complement as a key mediator in SLRP-mediated bacterial destruction. Taken together our results add to the functional repertoire of SLRPs, expanding to encompass their role in controlling bacterial infection. Streptococcus pyogenes bind short leucine rich-proteoglycans (SLRPs) These SLRPs are biglycan, decorin, fibromodulin, osteoadherin Decorin expression is increased in S. pyogenes-infected human monocytes SLRPs decrease the survival of S. pyogenes in a whole blood model SLRP-mediated bacteria elimination is mediated by complement
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Key Words
- AF647, Alexa Fluor 647
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Bacteria
- C4BP, C4b-binding protein
- CFSE, Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester
- Complement
- Cp40, compstatin
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- HI, heat-inactivated
- MAC, membrane attack complex
- NHS, normal human serum
- PMB, polymyxin B
- Pathogenesis
- SLRP, small leucine-rich proteoglycan
- Small leucine-rich proteoglycans
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- TLR, toll-like receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Colineau
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Ermert
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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10
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Cuellar J, Pietikäinen A, Glader O, Liljenbäck H, Söderström M, Hurme S, Salo J, Hytönen J. Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in Biglycan Knockout Mice. J Infect Dis 2019; 220:116-126. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cuellar
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku
| | - Annukka Pietikäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku
| | - Otto Glader
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku
| | - Mirva Söderström
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
| | - Saija Hurme
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku
| | | | - Jukka Hytönen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku
- Laboratory Division, Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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