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Yan S, Liu K, Mu L, Liu J, Tang W, Liu B. Research and application of hydrostatic high pressure in tumor vaccines (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 45:75. [PMID: 33760193 PMCID: PMC8020208 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that hydrostatic pressure (HP) is a physical parameter that is now regarded as an important variable for life. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technology has influenced biological systems for more than 100 years. Food and bioscience researchers have shown great interest in HHP technology over the past few decades. The development of knowledge related to this area can better facilitate the application of HHP in the life sciences. Furthermore, new applications for HHP may come from these current studies, particularly in tumor vaccines. Currently, cancer recurrence and metastasis continue to pose a serious threat to human health. The limited efficacy of conventional treatments has led to the need for breakthroughs in immunotherapy and other related areas. Research into tumor vaccines is providing new insights for cancer treatment. The purpose of this review is to present the main findings reported thus far in the relevant scientific literature, focusing on knowledge related to HHP technology and tumor vaccines, and to demonstrate the potential of applying HHP technology to tumor vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yan
- Department of Operating Room, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Mu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wan Tang
- Department of Operating Room, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Ahmadi N, Ahmadi A, Kheirali E, Hossein Yadegari M, Bayat M, Shajiei A, Amini AA, Ashrafi S, Abolhassani M, Faezi S, Yazdanparast SA, Mahdavi M. Systemic infection with Candida albicans in breast tumor bearing mice: Cytokines dysregulation and induction of regulatory T cells. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wang Z, Zhao H, Zhao J, A S, Liu Z, Han T, Zhang X, Du J. Prognostic significance of CD4 and interleukin-22 expression in pancreatic cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:9846-9852. [PMID: 31966872 PMCID: PMC6965920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of IL-10 cytokine family and primarily produced by Th17 cells which were differentiated from CD4 T cells. CD4 T cells play a central role in regulating the immune response and resisting cancer cells. However, the function of CD4 T cells and Interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated expression of the IL-22 in tumor cells, CD4 expression in microenvironment of pancreatic cancer and assessed their effects on pathological characteristics and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. To analyze prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer, Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional-hazards regression were applied. Expression of CD4 in pancreatic cancer was associated with pTNM stage (P=0.005). Expression of IL-22 in pancreatic cancer was related not only to pTNM stage (P=0.011) but also to lymph node involvement (P=0.016). Univariate analysis demonstrated that the main prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer are pathological differentiation, expression of low CD4, expression of high IL-22 and the combination of low CD4 expression and high IL-22 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues. Moreover, multivariate analysis clearly showed that pathological differentiation, and the combination of low CD4 expression and high IL-22 expression in pancreatic cancer tissues were independent prognostic factors for overall survival in pancreatic cancer. the present study indicated that CD4 and IL-22 might be used as independent prognostic markers and molecular targets for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxia Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Sileng A
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Junwei Du
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University 1 Tongdao North Street, Hohhot 010050, China
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Liu Z, Hao X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Carey CD, Falo LD, Storkus WJ, You Z. Intratumoral delivery of tumor antigen-loaded DC and tumor-primed CD4 + T cells combined with agonist α-GITR mAb promotes durable CD8 + T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1315487. [PMID: 28680744 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1315487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive tumor microenvironment (TME) coordinately supports tumor cell expansion and metastasis, while it antagonizes the survival and (poly-)functionality of antitumor T effector cells. There remains a clear need to develop novel therapeutic strategies that can transform the TME into a pro-inflammatory niche that recruits and sustains protective immune cell populations. While intravenous treatment with tumor-primed CD4+ T cells combined with intraperitoneal delivery of agonist anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (α-GITR) mAb results in objective antitumor responses in murine early stage disease models, this approach is ineffective against more advanced tumors. Further subcutaneous co-administration of a vaccine consisting of tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DC) failed to improve the antitumor efficacy of this approach. Remarkably, these same three therapeutic agents elicited significant antitumor benefits when the antitumor CD4+ T cells and tumor antigen-loaded DC were co-injected directly into tumors along with intratumoral or intraperitoneal delivery of α-GITR mAb. This latter protocol induced the production of an array of antitumor cytokines and chemokines within the TME, supporting increased tumor-infiltration by antitumor CD8+ T cells capable of mediating tumor regression and extended overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xingxing Hao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cara D Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhaoyang You
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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5
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Monjazeb AM, Tietze JK, Grossenbacher SK, Hsiao HH, Zamora AE, Mirsoian A, Koehn B, Blazar BR, Weiss JM, Wiltrout RH, Sckisel GD, Murphy WJ. Bystander activation and anti-tumor effects of CD8+ T cells following Interleukin-2 based immunotherapy is independent of CD4+ T cell help. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102709. [PMID: 25119341 PMCID: PMC4131875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that immunotherapy combining agonistic anti-CD40 and IL-2 (IT) results in synergistic anti-tumor effects. IT induces expansion of highly cytolytic, antigen-independent “bystander-activated” (CD8+CD44high) T cells displaying a CD25−NKG2D+ phenotype in a cytokine dependent manner, which were responsible for the anti-tumor effects. While much attention has focused on CD4+ T cell help for antigen-specific CD8+ T cell expansion, little is known regarding the role of CD4+ T cells in antigen-nonspecific bystander-memory CD8+ T cell expansion. Utilizing CD4 deficient mouse models, we observed a significant expansion of bystander-memory T cells following IT which was similar to the non-CD4 depleted mice. Expanded bystander-memory CD8+ T cells upregulated PD-1 in the absence of CD4+ T cells which has been published as a hallmark of exhaustion and dysfunction in helpless CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, compared to CD8+ T cells from CD4 replete hosts, these bystander expanded cells displayed comparable (or enhanced) cytokine production, lytic ability, and in vivo anti-tumor effects suggesting no functional impairment or exhaustion and were enriched in an effector phenotype. There was no acceleration of the post-IT contraction phase of the bystander memory CD8+ response in CD4-depleted mice. The response was independent of IL-21 signaling. These results suggest that, in contrast to antigen-specific CD8+ T cell expansion, CD4+ T cell help is not necessary for expansion and activation of antigen-nonspecific bystander-memory CD8+ T cells following IT, but may play a role in regulating conversion of these cells from a central memory to effector phenotype. Additionally, the expression of PD-1 in this model appears to be a marker of effector function and not exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arta M. Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Julia K. Tietze
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Steven K. Grossenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony E. Zamora
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Annie Mirsoian
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Brent Koehn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Weiss
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Wiltrout
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gail D. Sckisel
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Korsholm KS, Hansen J, Karlsen K, Filskov J, Mikkelsen M, Lindenstrøm T, Schmidt ST, Andersen P, Christensen D. Induction of CD8+ T-cell responses against subunit antigens by the novel cationic liposomal CAF09 adjuvant. Vaccine 2014; 32:3927-35. [PMID: 24877765 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines inducing cytotoxic T-cell responses are required to achieve protection against cancers and intracellular infections such as HIV and Hepatitis C virus. Induction of CD8+ T cell responses in animal models can be achieved by the use of viral vectors or DNA vaccines but so far without much clinical success. Here we describe the novel CD8+ T-cell inducing adjuvant, cationic adjuvant formulation (CAF) 09, consisting of dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA)-liposomes stabilized with monomycoloyl glycerol (MMG)-1 and combined with the TLR3 ligand, Poly(I:C). Different antigens from tuberculosis (TB10.3, H56), HIV (Gag p24), HPV (E7) and the model antigen ovalbumin were formulated with CAF09 and administering these vaccines to mice resulted in a high frequency of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. CAF09 was superior in its ability to induce antigen-specific CD8+ T cells as compared to other previously described CTL-inducing adjuvants, CAF05 (DDA/trehalose dibehenate (TDB)/Poly(I:C)), Aluminium/monophosphoryl lipid-A (MPL) and Montanide/CpG/IL-2. The optimal effect was obtained when the CAF09-adjuvanted vaccine was administered by the i.p. route, whereas s.c. administration primed limited CD8+ T-cell responses. The CD4+ T cells induced by CAF09 were mainly of an effector-memory-like phenotype and the CD8+ T cells were highly cytotoxic. Finally, in a mouse therapeutic skin tumor model, the HPV-16 E7 antigen formulated in CAF09 significantly reduced the growth of already established subcutaneous E7-expressing TC-1 tumors in 38% of the mice and in a corresponding prophylactic model 100% of the mice were protected. Thus, CAF09 is a potent new adjuvant which is able to induce CD8+ T-cell responses against several antigens and to enhance the protective efficacy of an E7 vaccine both in a therapeutic and in a prophylactic tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Smith Korsholm
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Jon Hansen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Kasper Karlsen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Jonathan Filskov
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Marianne Mikkelsen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Lindenstrøm
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Peter Andersen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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7
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Cieniewicz B, Carpino N, Krug LT. Enhanced response of T cells from murine gammaherpesvirus 68-infected mice lacking the suppressor of T cell receptor signaling molecules Sts-1 and Sts-2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90196. [PMID: 24587276 PMCID: PMC3938662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gammaherpesviruses establish life-long infections that are associated with the development of lymphomas and neoplasms, especially in immunocompromised individuals. T cells play a crucial role in the control of gammaherpesvirus infection through multiple functions, including the direct killing of infected cells, production of cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and costimulation of B cells. Impaired T cell function in mice infected with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) leads to increased reactivation and pathologies, including a higher incidence of lymphoid hyperplasia. Here we report that the absence of Suppressor of TCR signaling −1 and −2 (Sts-1-/-/2-/-) during MHV68 infection leads to the generation of T cells with significantly heightened responses. Transient differences in the T and B cell response of infected Sts-1-/-/2-/- (Sts dKO) mice were also observed when compared to WT mice. However, these alterations in the immune response and the overall absence of Sts-1 and Sts-2 did not impact viral pathogenesis or lead to pathology. Acute lytic replication in the lungs, establishment of latency in the spleen and reactivation from latency in the spleen in the Sts dKO mice were comparable to WT mice. Our studies indicate that Sts-1 and Sts-2 are not required for the immune control of MHV68 in a normal course of gammaherpesvirus infection, but suggest that interference with negative regulators of T cell responses might be further explored as a safe and efficacious strategy to improve adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Cieniewicz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Carpino
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Laurie T. Krug
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Stone JD, Kranz DM. Role of T cell receptor affinity in the efficacy and specificity of adoptive T cell therapies. Front Immunol 2013; 4:244. [PMID: 23970885 PMCID: PMC3748443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several years, there has been considerable progress in the treatment of cancer using gene modified adoptive T cell therapies. Two approaches have been used, one involving the introduction of a conventional αβ T cell receptor (TCR) against a pepMHC cancer antigen, and the second involving introduction of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) consisting of a single-chain antibody as an Fv fragment linked to transmembrane and signaling domains. In this review, we focus on one aspect of TCR-mediated adoptive T cell therapies, the impact of the affinity of the αβ TCR for the pepMHC cancer antigen on both efficacy and specificity. We discuss the advantages of higher-affinity TCRs in mediating potent activity of CD4 T cells. This is balanced with the potential disadvantage of higher-affinity TCRs in mediating greater self-reactivity against a wider range of structurally similar antigenic peptides, especially in synergy with the CD8 co-receptor. Both TCR affinity and target selection will influence potential safety issues. We suggest pre-clinical strategies that might be used to examine each TCR for possible on-target and off-target side effects due to self-reactivities, and to adjust TCR affinities accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, IL , USA
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9
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Mehrotra S, Al-Khami AA, Klarquist J, Husain S, Naga O, Eby JM, Murali AK, Lyons GE, Li M, Spivey ND, Norell H, Martins da Palma T, Onicescu G, Diaz-Montero CM, Garrett-Mayer E, Cole DJ, Le Poole IC, Nishimura MI. A coreceptor-independent transgenic human TCR mediates anti-tumor and anti-self immunity in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:1627-38. [PMID: 22798675 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in T cell immunotherapy suggest that T cells engineered with high-affinity TCR can offer better tumor regression. However, whether a high-affinity TCR alone is sufficient to control tumor growth, or the T cell subset bearing the TCR is also important remains unclear. Using the human tyrosinase epitope-reactive, CD8-independent, high-affinity TCR isolated from MHC class I-restricted CD4(+) T cells obtained from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of a metastatic melanoma patient, we developed a novel TCR transgenic mouse with a C57BL/6 background. This HLA-A2-restricted TCR was positively selected on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) single-positive cells. However, when the TCR transgenic mouse was developed with a HLA-A2 background, the transgenic TCR was primarily expressed by CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative T cells. TIL 1383I TCR transgenic CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells were functional and retained the ability to control tumor growth without the need for vaccination or cytokine support in vivo. Furthermore, the HLA-A2(+)/human tyrosinase TCR double-transgenic mice developed spontaneous hair depigmentation and had visual defects that progressed with age. Our data show that the expression of the high-affinity TIL 1383I TCR alone in CD3(+) T cells is sufficient to control the growth of murine and human melanoma, and the presence or absence of CD4 and CD8 coreceptors had little effect on its functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Song Y, Sun W, Weng X, Liang Z, Yu Q, Wang Z, Ouyang L, Chen J, Wu X, Shen G, Wu X. Tumor rejection effects of allorestricted tumor peptide-specific CD4(+) T cells on human cervical cancer cell xenograft in nude mice. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:1503-14. [PMID: 22525838 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x640510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of tumor specific alloreactive CD4(+) T cells is important to circumvent tumor tolerance. Here, we generate allorestricted peptide-specific CD4(+) T cells by coculture of lymphocytes and autologous monocytes bearing allogeneic HLA-DR15 molecule associated with its restricted peptide. Binding of a dimeric HLA-DR15/IgG1-Fc fusion protein (the dimer) to HLA-DR15 negative (HLA-DR15-ve) monocytes made the monocytes coated with the allogeneic epitope. An increased proliferation of CD4(+) T cells and induction of Th1 cells appeared after coculturing of HLA-DR15-ve lymphocytes and the autologous monocytes loaded with the dimer. The cocultural bulks showed an increased frequency of the specific dimer-stained CD4(+) T cells and the expanded CD4(+) T cells exhibited an elevated IFN-γ production in response to specific TCR ligand. Tumor rejection effects of the allorestricted E7-specific CD4(+) T cells raised by the coculture were observed in nude mice challenged with human cervical cancer cell SiHa expressing both HLA-DR15 and E7 antigens, as the tumor avoidance and life span of the mice were improved after adoptive transfer of the CD4(+) T cells. This study may help to develop strategies to separate graft-versus-leukemia or graft-versus-tumor reaction from graft-versus-host disease, and add to the pool of human high-avidity TCRs specific for tumor or virus antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhong Song
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Gao Y, Whitaker-Dowling P, Griffin JA, Bergman I. Treatment with targeted vesicular stomatitis virus generates therapeutic multifunctional anti-tumor memory CD4 T cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:282-91. [PMID: 22240921 PMCID: PMC3307905 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A generally applicable, easy-to-use method of focusing a patient's immune system to eradicate or prevent cancer has been elusive. We are attempting to develop a targeted virus to accomplish these aims. We previously created a recombinant replicating Vesicular Stomatitis Virus that preferentially infected Her2/neu expressing breast cancer cells and showed therapeutic efficacy in an implanted Balb/c mouse tumor model. The current work shows that this therapy generated therapeutic anti-tumor CD4 T-cells against multiple tumor antigens. CD4 T-cells transferred directly from cured donor mice could eradicate established tumors in host mice. T-cells were transferred directly from donor mice and were not stimulated ex vivo. Both tumors that expressed Her2/neu and those that did not were cured by transferred T-cells. Analysis of cytokines secreted by anti-tumor memory CD4 T-cells displayed a multifunctional pattern with high levels of IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-17. Anti-tumor memory CD4 T-cells traveled to the mesenteric lymph nodes and were activated there. Treatment with targeted rrVSV is a potent immune adjuvant that generates therapeutic, multifunctional anti-tumor memory CD4 T-cells that recognize multiple tumor antigens. Immunity elicited by viral therapy is independent of host major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or knowledge of tumor antigens. Virus-induced tumor immunity could have great benefit in the prevention and treatment of tumor metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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12
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Immunotherapy with IL-10- and IFN-γ-producing CD4 effector cells modulate "Natural" and "Inducible" CD4 TReg cell subpopulation levels: observations in four cases of patients with ovarian cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 61:839-54. [PMID: 22083345 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy for cancer patients optimally requires participation of CD4 T cells. In this phase I/II study, we assessed the therapeutic effects of adoptively transferred IL-10- and IFN-γ-producing CD4 effector cells in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Using MUC1 peptide and IL-2 for ex vivo CD4 effector cell generation, we show that three monthly treatment cycles of autologous T cell restimulation and local intraperitoneal re-infusion-modulated T cell-mediated immune responses that were associated with enhanced patient survival. One patient remains disease-free, another patient experienced prolonged survival for nearly 16 months with recurrent disease, and two patients expired within 3-5 months following final infusion. Prolonged survivors showed elevated levels of systemic CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells when compared to that of pre-treatment levels and similarly treated short-term survivors. Such cell populations among these patients contained variable levels of "Inducible" Tr1 (CD4(+)CD25(-)FoxP3(-)IL-10(+)) and "Natural" (CD4(+)CD25(+)CD45RO(+)FoxP3(+)) TReg cell numbers and ratios that were associated with prolonged and/or disease-free survival. Moreover, peptide-restimulated T cells from these patients showed an elevation in both IFN-γ production, memory cell phenotype, and select TNF family ligands associated with enhanced T cell survival and apoptosis-inducing activities. This suggests that intraperitoneally administered Th1-like cells, producing elevated levels of IL-10, may require and/or induce differential levels of distinct systemic TReg subpopulations that influence, in part, long-term tumor immunity and enhanced memory/effector CD4-mediated therapeutic potentials. Furthermore, treatment efficacy and enhanced memory cell phenotype did not appear to be dependent on TReg cell numbers but upon ratios of "Inducible" and "Natural" TReg subpopulations.
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Li Q, Lao X, Pan Q, Ning N, Yet J, Xu Y, Li S, Chang AE. Adoptive transfer of tumor reactive B cells confers host T-cell immunity and tumor regression. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:4987-95. [PMID: 21690573 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the antitumor reactivity of adoptively transferred effector B cells and the mechanisms by which they may mediate tumor regression in a spontaneous metastases model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 4T1 breast cancer cells were inoculated into the flanks of syngeneic Balb/C mice to prime draining lymph nodes. Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) were harvested and B cells activated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. These activated B cells were adoptively transferred into mice inoculated with 4T1 tumor in the mammary fat pad. The induction of host T-cell immunity was evaluated. RESULTS Activated 4T1 TDLN B cells secreted immunoglobulin G (IgG) in response to tumor cells which was immunologically specific. These activated B cells were capable of mediating specific lysis of tumor cells in vitro. Transfer of these activated B cells alone mediated the inhibition of spontaneous metastases to the lung. Examination of the host revealed that the transfer of these B cells resulted in the induction of tumor-specific T-cell immunity as measured by cytotoxicity and cytokine (IFNγ and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) production. The combined transfer of activated T and B cells from TDLN resulted in tumor regression, which was greater than either cell population alone, with host B cells capable of producing IgG that mediated lysis of tumor in the presence of complement. CONCLUSIONS We have found that appropriately primed B cells can mediate tumor regression by itself and confers host T-cell antitumor immunity. Furthermore, effector B cells can serve as a useful adjunct in adoptive T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Liu Z, Falo LD, You Z. Knockdown of HMGB1 in tumor cells attenuates their ability to induce regulatory T cells and uncovers naturally acquired CD8 T cell-dependent antitumor immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:118-25. [PMID: 21642542 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in tumor cells is involved in many aspects of tumor progression, its role in tumor immune suppression remains elusive. Host cell-derived IL-10 suppressed a naturally acquired CD8 T cell-dependent antitumor response. The suppressive activity of tumor-associated Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) was IL-10 dependent. Neutralizing HMGB1 impaired tumor cell-promoted IL-10 production by Treg. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of HMGB1 (HMGB1 KD) in tumor cells did not affect tumor cell growth but uncovered naturally acquired long-lasting tumor-specific IFN-γ- or TNF-α-producing CD8 T cell responses and attenuated their ability to induce Treg, leading to naturally acquired CD8 T cell- or IFN-γ-dependent tumor rejection. The data suggest that tumor cell-derived HMGB1 may suppress naturally acquired CD8 T cell-dependent antitumor immunity via enhancing Treg to produce IL-10, which is necessary for Treg-mediated immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Manuri PVR, Wilson MH, Maiti SN, Mi T, Singh H, Olivares S, Dawson MJ, Huls H, Lee DA, Rao PH, Kaminski JM, Nakazawa Y, Gottschalk S, Kebriaei P, Shpall EJ, Champlin RE, Cooper LJN. piggyBac transposon/transposase system to generate CD19-specific T cells for the treatment of B-lineage malignancies. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:427-37. [PMID: 19905893 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral integrating vectors can be used for expression of therapeutic genes. piggyBac (PB), a transposon/transposase system, has been used to efficiently generate induced pluripotent stems cells from somatic cells, without genetic alteration. In this paper, we apply PB transposition to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in primary human T cells. We demonstrate that T cells electroporated to introduce the PB transposon and transposase stably express CD19-specific CAR and when cultured on CD19(+) artificial antigen-presenting cells, numerically expand in a CAR-dependent manner, display a phenotype associated with both memory and effector T cell populations, and exhibit CD19-dependent killing of tumor targets. Integration of the PB transposon expressing CAR was not associated with genotoxicity, based on chromosome analysis. PB transposition for generating human T cells with redirected specificity to a desired target such as CD19 is a new genetic approach with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi V Raja Manuri
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Schiering C, Guarnerio J, Basso V, Muzio L, Mondino A. Antigen-experienced CD4(+) T cells limit naïve T-cell priming in response to therapeutic vaccination in vivo. Cancer Res 2010; 70:6161-70. [PMID: 20631073 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells play a central role in protective immunity. In a mouse tumor model, we previously found that tumor growth elicits natural CD4(+) T-cell responses, but impedes therapeutic vaccination. We show here that inhibition of vaccine-mediated naïve T-cell priming is due to the presence of a minor but distinct population of tumor-reactive CD4(+) T cells. These cells are generated in the tumor draining lymph nodes (LN), are capable of systemic redistribution, and act to limit the representation of antigen-bearing MHC II(+) antigen-presenting cells (APC) in contralateral LNs or when transferred to tumor-free mice. Surgical tumor resection, which lowers the representation of tumor primed CD4(+) T cells, restored to some extent vaccine-induced CD4(+) T-cell activation. Likewise, vaccination with artificial APCs (latex beads) or higher numbers of dendritic cells allowed comparable CD4(+) T-cell priming in tumor-free and tumor-bearing mice. Together, our results emphasize the ability of antigen-experienced CD4(+) T lymphocytes to interfere with therapeutic vaccination and highlight the need for alternative strategies able to surmount limitations imposed by ongoing immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Schiering
- Program in Immunology and Bio-Immunotherapy of Cancer, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Li Q, Teitz-Tennenbaum S, Donald EJ, Li M, Chang AE. In vivo sensitized and in vitro activated B cells mediate tumor regression in cancer adoptive immunotherapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:3195-203. [PMID: 19667089 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy utilizing tumor-reactive T cells has proven to be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, we hypothesize that successful treatment strategies will have to appropriately stimulate not only cellular immunity, but also humoral immunity. We previously reported that B cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) may function as APCs. In this study, we identified TDLN B cells as effector cells in an adoptive immunotherapy model. In vivo primed and in vitro activated TDLN B cells alone mediated effective (p < 0.05) tumor regression after adoptive transfer into two histologically distinct murine pulmonary metastatic tumor models. Prior lymphodepletion of the host with either chemotherapy or whole-body irradiation augmented the therapeutic efficacy of the adoptively transferred TDLN B cells in the treatment of s.c. tumors as well as metastatic pulmonary tumors. Furthermore, B cell plus T cell transfers resulted in substantially more efficient antitumor responses than B cells or T cells alone (p < 0.05). Activated TDLN B cells conferred strong humoral responses to tumor. This was evident by the production of IgM, IgG, and IgG2b, which bound specifically to tumor cells and led to specific tumor cell lysis in the presence of complement. Collectively, these data indicate that in vivo primed and in vitro activated B cells can be employed as effector cells for cancer therapy. The synergistic antitumor efficacy of cotransferred activated B effector cells and T effector cells represents a novel approach for cancer adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Liu Z, Kim JH, Falo LD, You Z. Tumor regulatory T cells potently abrogate antitumor immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:6160-7. [PMID: 19414769 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) from mice bearing a breast tumor were elevated (tumor Treg). In vitro, whereas tumor Treg ability to inhibit tumor-primed CD4(+) T cell activity is comparable to Treg from naive mice (naive Treg), only tumor Treg suppress naive CD8(+) T cell activation and DC function. Neither tumor Treg nor naive Treg can suppress antitumor immunity at the effector phase of the immune response induced by adoptively transferred tumor-primed CD4(+) T cells. This is consistent with the observation that, in this model, neither tumor Treg nor naive Treg can inhibit effectors in vitro or in vivo. However, tumor Treg abrogate tumor-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes and antitumor immunity at the early stage of the immune response induced by adoptively transferred tumor-primed CD4(+) T cells. These data indicate that, in this model, tumor Treg potently abrogate tumor-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes, thereby suppressing antitumor immunity at the early stage of the immune response induced by adoptively transferred tumor-primed CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Liu Z, Tian S, Falo LD, Sakaguchi S, You Z. Therapeutic immunity by adoptive tumor-primed CD4(+) T-cell transfer in combination with in vivo GITR ligation. Mol Ther 2009; 17:1274-81. [PMID: 19417739 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-primed CD4(+) T cells from splenocytes of tumor-rejection mice in combination with in vivo glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) ligation (the combination therapy) elicited effective host CD8(+) T cell-dependent therapeutic immunity against a murine breast tumor. GITR ligation in vitro enhanced tumor-primed CD4(+) T-cell activity and partially abrogated regulatory T cells (Treg) suppressor function. Dendritic cells (DCs) from tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) of tumor-bearing mice treated by the combination therapy stimulated Ag-specific T cells and produced interleukin (IL)-12 ex vivo. Whereas tumor-primed CD4(+) T cells or in vivo GITR ligation alone induced a tumor-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing cellular response, the combination therapy enhanced and sustained it. Furthermore, the combination therapy in vivo attenuated Treg's ability to suppress IL-12 production by DCs and IFN-gamma production by effectors ex vivo. Importantly, tumor-primed CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells from splenocytes of untreated tumor-bearing mice in combination with in vivo GITR ligation also elicited an effective therapeutic effect in this model. These data suggest that the combination therapy may improve DC function, accentuate tumor-specific T-cell responses, and attenuate Treg suppressor function, thereby eliciting effective therapeutic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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Muranski P, Restifo NP. Adoptive immunotherapy of cancer using CD4(+) T cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21:200-8. [PMID: 19285848 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells are central to the function of the immune system but their role in tumor immunity remains underappreciated. It is becoming clear that there is an enormous diversity of CD4(+) T cell polarization patterns including Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). These functionally divergent T cell subsets can have opposing effects -- they can trigger tumor rejection or inhibit treatment after adoptive cell transfer. Some polarized CD4(+) cells have plasticity, and their phenotypes and functions can evolve in vivo. Recent advances in understanding of polarization and differentiation of lymphocytes, as well as some intriguing developments in the clinic, indicate that the use of CD4(+) T cell subsets in the immunotherapy of cancer has unrealized potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Muranski
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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