1
|
Cai C, Keoshkerian E, Wing K, Samir J, Effenberger M, Schober K, Bull RA, Lloyd AR, Busch DH, Luciani F. Discovery of a monoclonal, high-affinity CD8 + T-cell clone following natural hepatitis C virus infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2024. [PMID: 38855806 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells recognizing their cognate antigen are typically recruited as a polyclonal population consisting of multiple clonotypes with varying T-cell receptor (TCR) affinity to the target peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) complex. Advances in single-cell sequencing have increased accessibility toward identifying TCRs with matched antigens. Here we present the discovery of a monoclonal CD8+ T-cell population with specificity for a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-derived human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I epitope (HLA-B*07:02 GPRLGVRAT) which was isolated directly ex vivo from an individual with an episode of acutely resolved HCV infection. This population was absent before infection and underwent expansion and stable maintenance for at least 2 years after infection as measured by HLA-multimer staining. Furthermore, the monoclonal clonotype was characterized by an unusually long dissociation time (half-life = 794 s and koff = 5.73 × 10-4) for its target antigen when compared with previously published results. A comparison with related populations of HCV-specific populations derived from the same individual and a second individual suggested that high-affinity TCR-pMHC interactions may be inherent to epitope identity and shape the phenotype of responses which has implications for rational TCR selection and design in the age of personalized immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Cai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Keoshkerian
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristof Wing
- School of Medicine and Health, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jerome Samir
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manuel Effenberger
- School of Medicine and Health, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rowena A Bull
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dirk H Busch
- School of Medicine and Health, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cellular Genomics Future Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hale BD, Severin Y, Graebnitz F, Stark D, Guignard D, Mena J, Festl Y, Lee S, Hanimann J, Zangger NS, Meier M, Goslings D, Lamprecht O, Frey BM, Oxenius A, Snijder B. Cellular architecture shapes the naïve T cell response. Science 2024; 384:eadh8697. [PMID: 38843327 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
After antigen stimulation, naïve T cells display reproducible population-level responses, which arise from individual T cells pursuing specific differentiation trajectories. However, cell-intrinsic predeterminants controlling these single-cell decisions remain enigmatic. We found that the subcellular architectures of naïve CD8 T cells, defined by the presence (TØ) or absence (TO) of nuclear envelope invaginations, changed with maturation, activation, and differentiation. Upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, naïve TØ cells displayed increased expression of the early-response gene Nr4a1, dependent upon heightened calcium entry. Subsequently, in vitro differentiation revealed that TØ cells generated effector-like cells more so compared with TO cells, which proliferated less and preferentially adopted a memory-precursor phenotype. These data suggest that cellular architecture may be a predeterminant of naïve CD8 T cell fate.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Calcium/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/ultrastructure
- Cell Differentiation
- Immunologic Memory
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nuclear Envelope/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Hale
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yannik Severin
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Graebnitz
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Stark
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Guignard
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Mena
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Festl
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sohyon Lee
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Hanimann
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nathan S Zangger
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Meier
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Goslings
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Olga Lamprecht
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Beat M Frey
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Berend Snijder
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koutník J, Peer S, Humer D, Sumara G, Leitges M, Baier G, Siegmund K. T cell-intrinsic PKD3 fine-tunes differentiation into CD8 + central memory T cells and CD8 single positive thymocyte development. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38798068 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the Protein kinases D (PKD) family are described as regulators of T cell responses. From the two T cell-expressed isoforms PKD2 and PKD3, so far mainly the former was thoroughly investigated and is well understood. Recently, we have investigated also PKD3 using conventional as well as conditional T cell-specific knockout models. These studies suggested PKD3 to be a T cell-extrinsic regulator of the cells' fate. However, these former model systems did not take into account possible redundancies with the highly homologous PKD2. To overcome this issue and thus properly unravel PKD3's T cell-intrinsic functions, here we additionally used a mouse model overexpressing a constitutively active isoform of PKD3 specifically in the T cell compartment. These transgenic mice showed a slightly higher proportion of central memory T cells in secondary lymphoid organs and blood. This effect could not be explained via differences upon polyclonal stimulation in vitro, however, may be connected to the observed developmental aberrances in the CD8 single positive compartment during thymic development. Lastly, the observed alterations in the CD8+ T cell compartment did not impact proper immune response upon immunization with ovalbumin or in a subcutaneous tumour model suggesting only a small to absent biological relevance. Taking together the knowledge of all our published studies on PKD3 in the T cell compartment, we now conclude that T cell-intrinsic PKD3 is a fine-tuner of central memory T cell as well as CD8 single positive thymocyte development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Koutník
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Peer
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Humer
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michael Leitges
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kerstin Siegmund
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nishimura CD, Corrigan D, Zheng XY, Galbo PM, Wang S, Liu Y, Wei Y, Suo L, Cui W, Mercado N, Zheng D, Zhang CC, Zang X. TOP CAR with TMIGD2 as a safe and effective costimulatory domain in CAR cells treating human solid tumors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk1857. [PMID: 38718110 PMCID: PMC11078193 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy shows impressive efficacy treating hematologic malignancies but requires further optimization in solid tumors. Here, we developed a TMIGD2 optimized potent/persistent (TOP) CAR that incorporated the costimulatory domain of TMIGD2, a T and NK cell costimulator, and monoclonal antibodies targeting the IgV domain of B7-H3, an immune checkpoint expressed on solid tumors and tumor vasculature. Comparing second- and third-generation B7-H3 CARs containing TMIGD2, CD28, and/or 4-1BB costimulatory domains revealed superior antitumor responses in B7-H3.TMIGD2 and B7-H3.CD28.4-1BB CAR-T cells in vitro. Comparing these two constructs using in vivo orthotopic human cancer models demonstrated that B7-H3.TMIGD2 CAR-T cells had equivalent or superior antitumor activity, survival, expansion, and persistence. Mechanistically, B7-H3.TMIGD2 CAR-T cells maintained mitochondrial metabolism; produced less cytokines; and established fewer exhausted cells, more central memory cells, and a larger CD8/CD4 T cell ratio. These studies demonstrate that the TOP CAR with TMIGD2 costimulation offered distinct benefits from CD28.41BB costimulation and is effective against solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Nishimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Immunotherapy of Cancer, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Devin Corrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Immunotherapy of Cancer, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xiang Yu Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Phillip M. Galbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yao Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Linna Suo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nadia Mercado
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Immunotherapy of Cancer, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stevens MG, Mason FM, Bullock TNJ. The mitochondrial fission protein DRP1 influences memory CD8+ T cell formation and function. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:679-694. [PMID: 38057151 PMCID: PMC10980353 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological methods for promoting mitochondrial elongation suggest that effector T cells can be altered to support a memory T cell-like metabolic state. Such mitochondrial elongation approaches may enhance the development of immunological memory. Therefore, we hypothesized that deletion of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) would lead to mitochondrial elongation and generate a large memory T cell population, an approach that could be exploited to enhance vaccination protocols. We find that, as expected, while deletion of DRP1 from T cells in dLckCre × Drp1flfl does compromise the magnitude and functionality of primary effector CD8+ T cells, a disproportionately large pool of memory CD8+ T cells does form. In contrast to primary effector CD8+ T cells, DRP1-deficient memory dLckCre × Drp1flfl CD8+ T cells mount a secondary response comparable to control memory T cells with respect to kinetics, magnitude, and effector capabilities. Interestingly, the relative propensity to form memory cells in the absence of DRP1 was associated with neither differentiation toward more memory precursor CD8+ T cells nor decreased cellular death of effector T cells. Instead, the tendency to form memory CD8+ T cells in the absence of DRP1 is associated with decreased T cell receptor expression. Remarkably, in a competitive environment with DRP1-replete CD8+ T cells, the absence of DRP1 from CD8+ T cells compromised the generation of primary, memory, and secondary responses, indicating that approaches targeting DRP1 need to be carefully tailored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa G Stevens
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, PO Box 800904, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Frank M Mason
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 612 Preston Research Bldg, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Timothy N J Bullock
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, PO Box 800904, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdullah L, Emiliani FE, Vaidya CM, Stuart H, Kolling FW, Ackerman ME, Song L, McKenna A, Huang YH. Hierarchal single-cell lineage tracing reveals differential fate commitment of CD8 T-cell clones in response to acute infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586160. [PMID: 38585810 PMCID: PMC10996474 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Generating balanced populations of CD8 effector and memory T cells is necessary for immediate and durable immunity to infections and cancer. Yet, a definitive understanding of CD8 differentiation remains unclear. We used CARLIN, a processive lineage recording mouse model with single-cell RNA-seq and TCR-seq to track endogenous antigen-specific CD8 T cells during acute viral infection. We identified a diverse repertoire of expanded T-cell clones represented by seven transcriptional states. TCR enrichment analysis revealed differential memory- or effector-fate biases within clonal populations. Shared Vb segments and amino acid motifs were found within biased categories despite high TCR diversity. Using single-cell CARLIN barcode-seq we tracked multi-generational clones and found that unlike unbiased or memory-biased clones, which stably retain their fate profiles, effector-biased clones could adopt memory- or effector-bias within subclones. Collectively, our study demonstrates that a heterogenous T-cell repertoire specific for a shared antigen is composed of clones with distinct TCR-intrinsic fate-biases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Francesco E. Emiliani
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Chinmay M. Vaidya
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Hannah Stuart
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Li Song
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Aaron McKenna
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Yina H. Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turner L, Van Le TN, Cross E, Queriault C, Knight M, Trihemasava K, Davis J, Schaefer P, Nguyen J, Xu J, Goldspiel B, Hall E, Rome K, Scaglione M, Eggert J, Au-Yeung B, Wallace DC, Mesaros C, Baur JA, Bailis W. Single-cell NAD(H) levels predict clonal lymphocyte expansion dynamics. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj7238. [PMID: 38489349 PMCID: PMC11064129 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity requires the expansion of high-affinity lymphocytes from a heterogeneous pool. Whereas current models explain this through signal transduction, we hypothesized that antigen affinity tunes discrete metabolic pathways to license clonal lymphocyte dynamics. Here, we identify nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis as a biochemical hub for the T cell receptor affinity-dependent metabolome. Through this central anabolic role, we found that NAD biosynthesis governs a quiescence exit checkpoint, thereby pacing proliferation. Normalizing cellular NAD(H) likewise normalizes proliferation across affinities, and enhancing NAD biosynthesis permits the expansion of lower affinity clones. Furthermore, single-cell differences in NAD(H) could predict division potential for both T and B cells, before the first division, unmixing proliferative heterogeneity. We believe that this supports a broader paradigm in which complex signaling networks converge on metabolic pathways to control single-cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Turner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Tran Ngoc Van Le
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Eric Cross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Clemence Queriault
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Montana Knight
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Krittin Trihemasava
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - James Davis
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Patrick Schaefer
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Janet Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jimmy Xu
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology & Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Brian Goldspiel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Elise Hall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kelly Rome
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael Scaglione
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joel Eggert
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Byron Au-Yeung
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology & Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Will Bailis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang H, Yang Z, Yuan W, Liu J, Luo X, Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen J, Zhou Y, Lv J, Zhou N, Ma J, Tang K, Huang B. Sustained AhR activity programs memory fate of early effector CD8 + T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317658121. [PMID: 38437537 PMCID: PMC10945852 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317658121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Identification of mechanisms that program early effector T cells to either terminal effector T (Teff) or memory T (Tm) cells has important implications for protective immunity against infections and cancers. Here, we show that the cytosolic transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is used by early Teff cells to program memory fate. Upon antigen engagement, AhR is rapidly up-regulated via reactive oxygen species signaling in early CD8+ Teff cells, which does not affect the effector response, but is required for memory formation. Mechanistically, activated CD8+ T cells up-regulate HIF-1α to compete with AhR for HIF-1β, leading to the loss of AhR activity in HIF-1αhigh short-lived effector cells, but sustained in HIF-1αlow memory precursor effector cells (MPECs) with the help of autocrine IL-2. AhR then licenses CD8+ MPECs in a quiescent state for memory formation. These findings partially resolve the long-standing issue of how Teff cells are regulated to differentiate into memory cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Zhuoshun Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Regulatory Mechanism and Targeted Therapy for Liver Cancer Shiyan Key Laboratory, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei442000, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Wu Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China
| | - Yabo Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China
| | - Jiadi Lv
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430030, China
- Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100005, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fain CE, Zheng J, Jin F, Ayasoufi K, Wu Y, Lilley MT, Dropik AR, Wolf DM, Rodriguez RC, Aibaidula A, Tritz ZP, Bouchal SM, Pewe LL, Urban SL, Chen Y, Chang SY, Hansen MJ, Kachergus JM, Shi J, Thompson EA, Jensen HE, Harty JT, Parney IF, Sun J, Wu LJ, Johnson AJ. Discrete class I molecules on brain endothelium differentially regulate neuropathology in experimental cerebral malaria. Brain 2024; 147:566-589. [PMID: 37776513 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is the deadliest complication that can arise from Plasmodium infection. CD8 T-cell engagement of brain vasculature is a putative mechanism of neuropathology in cerebral malaria. To define contributions of brain endothelial cell major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen-presentation to CD8 T cells in establishing cerebral malaria pathology, we developed novel H-2Kb LoxP and H-2Db LoxP mice crossed with Cdh5-Cre mice to achieve targeted deletion of discrete class I molecules, specifically from brain endothelium. This strategy allowed us to avoid off-target effects on iron homeostasis and class I-like molecules, which are known to perturb Plasmodium infection. This is the first endothelial-specific ablation of individual class-I molecules enabling us to interrogate these molecular interactions. In these studies, we interrogated human and mouse transcriptomics data to compare antigen presentation capacity during cerebral malaria. Using the Plasmodium berghei ANKA model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), we observed that H-2Kb and H-2Db class I molecules regulate distinct patterns of disease onset, CD8 T-cell infiltration, targeted cell death and regional blood-brain barrier disruption. Strikingly, ablation of either molecule from brain endothelial cells resulted in reduced CD8 T-cell activation, attenuated T-cell interaction with brain vasculature, lessened targeted cell death, preserved blood-brain barrier integrity and prevention of ECM and the death of the animal. We were able to show that these events were brain-specific through the use of parabiosis and created the novel technique of dual small animal MRI to simultaneously scan conjoined parabionts during infection. These data demonstrate that interactions of CD8 T cells with discrete MHC class I molecules on brain endothelium differentially regulate development of ECM neuropathology. Therefore, targeting MHC class I interactions therapeutically may hold potential for treatment of cases of severe malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cori E Fain
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | | | - Yue Wu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - Meredith T Lilley
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - Abigail R Dropik
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - Delaney M Wolf
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | | | - Abudumijiti Aibaidula
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - Zachariah P Tritz
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - Samantha M Bouchal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - Lecia L Pewe
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242USA
| | - Stina L Urban
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242USA
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - Su-Youne Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | | | | | - Ji Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224USA
| | - E Aubrey Thompson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224USA
| | - Hadley E Jensen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242USA
| | - Ian F Parney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903USA
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wither MJ, White WL, Pendyala S, Leanza PJ, Fowler DM, Kueh HY. Antigen perception in T cells by long-term Erk and NFAT signaling dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308366120. [PMID: 38113261 PMCID: PMC10756264 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308366120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system threat detection hinges on T cells' ability to perceive varying peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) antigens. As the Erk and NFAT pathways link T cell receptor engagement to gene regulation, their signaling dynamics may convey information about pMHC inputs. To test this idea, we developed a dual reporter mouse strain and a quantitative imaging assay that, together, enable simultaneous monitoring of Erk and NFAT dynamics in live T cells over day-long timescales as they respond to varying pMHC inputs. Both pathways initially activate uniformly across various pMHC inputs but diverge only over longer (9+ h) timescales, enabling independent encoding of pMHC affinity and dose. These late signaling dynamics are decoded via multiple temporal and combinatorial mechanisms to generate pMHC-specific transcriptional responses. Our findings underscore the importance of long timescale signaling dynamics in antigen perception and establish a framework for understanding T cell responses under diverse contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Wither
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - William L. White
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Sriram Pendyala
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Paul J. Leanza
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Douglas M. Fowler
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Hao Yuan Kueh
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98109
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gräbnitz F, Oxenius A. CD8 T-cell diversification: Asymmetric cell division and its functional implications. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250225. [PMID: 36788705 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of cellular diversity is a basic requirement for the development of multicellular organisms. Cellular diversification can be induced by asymmetric cell division (ACD), during which the emerging two daughter cells unequally inherit lineage specific cargo (including transcription factors, receptors for specific signaling inputs, metabolic platforms, and possibly different epigenetic landscapes), resulting in two daughter cells endowed with different fates. While ACD is strongly involved in lineage choices in mammalian stem cells, its role in fate diversification in lineage committed cell subsets that still exhibit plastic potential, such as T-cells, is currently investigated. In this review, we focus predominantly on the role of ACD in fate diversification of CD8 T-cells. Further, we discuss the impact of differential T-cell receptor stimulation strengths and differentiation history on ACD-mediated fate diversification and highlight a particular importance of ACD in the development of memory CD8 T-cells upon high-affinity stimulation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Gräbnitz
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khantakova JN, Sennikov SV. T-helper cells flexibility: the possibility of reprogramming T cells fate. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284178. [PMID: 38022605 PMCID: PMC10646684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various disciplines cooperate to find novel approaches to cure impaired body functions by repairing, replacing, or regenerating cells, tissues, or organs. The possibility that a stable differentiated cell can reprogram itself opens the door to new therapeutic strategies against a multitude of diseases caused by the loss or dysfunction of essential, irreparable, and specific cells. One approach to cell therapy is to induce reprogramming of adult cells into other functionally active cells. Understanding the factors that cause or contribute to T cell plasticity is not only of clinical importance but also expands the knowledge of the factors that induce cells to differentiate and improves the understanding of normal developmental biology. The present review focuses on the advances in the conversion of peripheral CD4+ T cells, the conditions of their reprogramming, and the methods proposed to control such cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Khantakova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology” (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Uhl LFK, Cai H, Oram SL, Mahale JN, MacLean AJ, Mazet JM, Piccirilli T, He AJ, Lau D, Elliott T, Gerard A. Interferon-γ couples CD8 + T cell avidity and differentiation during infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6727. [PMID: 37872155 PMCID: PMC10593754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective responses to intracellular pathogens are characterized by T cell clones with a broad affinity range for their cognate peptide and diverse functional phenotypes. How T cell clones are selected throughout the response to retain a breadth of avidities remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that direct sensing of the cytokine IFN-γ by CD8+ T cells coordinates avidity and differentiation during infection. IFN-γ promotes the expansion of low-avidity T cells, allowing them to overcome the selective advantage of high-avidity T cells, whilst reinforcing high-avidity T cell entry into the memory pool, thus reducing the average avidity of the primary response and increasing that of the memory response. IFN-γ in this context is mainly provided by virtual memory T cells, an antigen-inexperienced subset with memory features. Overall, we propose that IFN-γ and virtual memory T cells fulfil a critical immunoregulatory role by enabling the coordination of T cell avidity and fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lion F K Uhl
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Han Cai
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophia L Oram
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jagdish N Mahale
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J MacLean
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie M Mazet
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Theo Piccirilli
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J He
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Doreen Lau
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim Elliott
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Audrey Gerard
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elliot TAE, Lecky DAJ, Bending D. T-cell response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies: from fundamental mechanisms to treatment signatures. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:967-977. [PMID: 37386922 PMCID: PMC10539945 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint immunotherapies act to block inhibitory receptors on the surface of T cells and other cells of the immune system. This can increase activation of immune cells and promote tumour clearance. Whilst this is very effective in some types of cancer, significant proportions of patients do not respond to single-agent immunotherapy. To improve patient outcomes, we must first mechanistically understand what drives therapy resistance. Many studies have utilised genetic, transcriptional, and histological signatures to find correlates of effective responses to treatment. It is key that we understand pretreatment predictors of response, but also to understand how the immune system becomes treatment resistant during therapy. Here, we review our understanding of the T-cell signatures that are critical for response, how these immune signatures change during treatment, and how this information can be used to rationally design therapeutic strategies. We highlight how chronic antigen recognition drives heterogeneous T-cell exhaustion and the role of T-cell receptor (TCR) signal strength in exhausted T-cell differentiation and molecular response to therapy. We explore how dynamic changes in negative feedback pathways can promote resistance to single-agent therapy. We speculate that this resistance may be circumvented in the future through identifying the most effective combinations of immunotherapies to promote sustained and durable antitumour responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A E Elliot
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - David A J Lecky
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lagattuta KA, Nathan A, Rumker L, Birnbaum ME, Raychaudhuri S. The T cell receptor sequence influences the likelihood of T cell memory formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.20.549939. [PMID: 37502994 PMCID: PMC10370203 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
T cell differentiation depends on activation through the T cell receptor (TCR), whose amino acid sequence varies cell to cell. Particular TCR amino acid sequences nearly guarantee Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) and Natural Killer T (NKT) cell fates. To comprehensively define how TCR amino acids affects all T cell fates, we analyze the paired αβTCR sequence and transcriptome of 819,772 single cells. We find that hydrophobic CDR3 residues promote regulatory T cell transcriptional states in both the CD8 and CD4 lineages. Most strikingly, we find a set of TCR sequence features, concentrated in CDR2α, that promotes positive selection in the thymus as well as transition from naïve to memory in the periphery. Even among T cells that recognize the same antigen, these TCR sequence features help to explain which T cells form immunological memory, which is essential for effective pathogen response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn A. Lagattuta
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aparna Nathan
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie Rumker
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E. Birnbaum
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zareie P, La Gruta NL. Thanks for the memories: Low-avidity T cells shine against escape variants. Immunity 2023; 56:1160-1162. [PMID: 37315530 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses against foreign antigens are clonally diverse, but the significance of this diversity is unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Straub et al.1 show that recruitment of low-avidity T cells during primary infection can provide protection against subsequent encounter with escape variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pirooz Zareie
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole L La Gruta
- Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gräbnitz F, Stark D, Shlesinger D, Petkidis A, Borsa M, Yermanos A, Carr A, Barandun N, Wehling A, Balaz M, Schroeder T, Oxenius A. Asymmetric cell division safeguards memory CD8 T cell development. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112468. [PMID: 37178119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The strength of T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and asymmetric distribution of fate determinants are both implied to affect T cell differentiation. Here, we uncover asymmetric cell division (ACD) as a safeguard mechanism for memory CD8 T cell generation specifically upon strong TCR stimulation. Using live imaging approaches, we find that strong TCR stimulation induces elevated ACD rates, and subsequent single-cell-derived colonies comprise both effector and memory precursor cells. The abundance of memory precursor cells emerging from a single activated T cell positively correlates with first mitosis ACD. Accordingly, preventing ACD by inhibition of protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ) during the first mitosis upon strong TCR stimulation markedly curtails the formation of memory precursor cells. Conversely, no effect of ACD on fate commitment is observed upon weak TCR stimulation. Our data provide relevant mechanistic insights into the role of ACD for CD8 T cell fate regulation upon different activation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Gräbnitz
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Stark
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Shlesinger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Petkidis
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Borsa
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Alexander Yermanos
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Carr
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niculò Barandun
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arne Wehling
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gocher-Demske AM, Cui J, Szymczak-Workman AL, Vignali KM, Latini JN, Pieklo GP, Kimball JC, Avery L, Cipolla EM, Huckestein BR, Hedden L, Meisel M, Alcorn JF, Kane LP, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. IFNγ-induction of T H1-like regulatory T cells controls antiviral responses. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:841-854. [PMID: 36928412 PMCID: PMC10224582 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are an immunosuppressive population that are required to maintain peripheral tolerance and prevent tissue damage from immunopathology, via anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibitor receptors and metabolic disruption. Here we show that Treg cells acquire an effector-like state, yet remain stable and functional, when exposed to interferon gamma (IFNγ) during infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis and influenza A virus. Treg cell-restricted deletion of the IFNγ receptor (encoded by Ifngr1), but not the interleukin 12 (IL12) receptor (encoded by Il12rb2), prevented TH1-like polarization (decreased expression of T-bet, CXC motif chemokine receptor 3 and IFNγ) and promoted TH2-like polarization (increased expression of GATA-3, CCR4 and IL4). TH1-like Treg cells limited CD8+ T cell effector function, proliferation and memory formation during acute and chronic infection. These findings provide fundamental insights into how Treg cells sense inflammatory cues from the environment (such as IFNγ) during viral infection to provide guidance to the effector immune response. This regulatory circuit prevents prolonged immunoinflammatory responses and shapes the quality and quantity of the memory T cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Gocher-Demske
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Kate M Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julianna N Latini
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gwen P Pieklo
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jesse C Kimball
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lyndsay Avery
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ellyse M Cipolla
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brydie R Huckestein
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lee Hedden
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John F Alcorn
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
August A. Degrading the signal amplifier: ITK as a target for targeted protein degradation. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:337-339. [PMID: 37084715 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Jiang and colleagues show for the first time that the Tec kinase ITK can be targeted using PROTAC approaches. This new modality has implications for the treatment of T cell lymphomas, but also potentially for the treatment of T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases, that depend on ITK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avery August
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell Center for Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Defense, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell Center for Health Equity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
San D, Lei J, Liu Y, Jing B, Ye X, Wei P, Paek C, Yang Y, Zhou J, Chen P, Wang H, Chen Y, Yin L. Structural basis of the TCR-pHLA complex provides insights into the unconventional recognition of CDR3β in TCR cross-reactivity and alloreactivity. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100076. [PMID: 37192909 PMCID: PMC10120306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that some class I human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are related to durable HIV controls. The T18A TCR, which has the alloreactivity between HLA-B∗42:01 and HLA-B∗81:01 and the cross-reactivity with different antigen mutants, can sustain long-term HIV controls. Here the structural basis of the T18A TCR binding to the immunodominant HIV epitope TL9 (TPQDLNTML180-188) presented by HLA-B∗42:01 was determined and compared to T18A TCR binding to the TL9 presented by the allo-HLA-B∗81:01. For differences between HLA-B∗42:01 and HLA-B∗81:01, the CDR1α and CDR3α loops adopt a small rearrangement to accommodate them. For different conformations of the TL9 presented by different HLA alleles, not like the conventional recognition of CDR3s to interact with peptide antigens, CDR3β of the T18A TCR shifts to avoid the peptide antigen but intensively recognizes the HLA only, which is different with other conventional TCR structures. Featured sequence pairs of CDR3β and HLA might account for this and were additionally found in multiple other diseases indicating the popularity of the unconventional recognition pattern which would give insights into the control of diseases with epitope mutating such as HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Baowei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengcheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chonil Paek
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongshun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pedroza-Escobar D, Castillo-Maldonado I, González-Cortés T, Delgadillo-Guzmán D, Ruíz-Flores P, Cruz JHS, Espino-Silva PK, Flores-Loyola E, Ramirez-Moreno A, Avalos-Soto J, Téllez-López MÁ, Velázquez-Gauna SE, García-Garza R, Vertti RDAP, Torres-León C. Molecular Bases of Protein Antigenicity and Determinants of Immunogenicity, Anergy, and Mitogenicity. Protein Pept Lett 2023; 30:719-733. [PMID: 37691216 DOI: 10.2174/0929866530666230907093339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system is able to recognize substances that originate from inside or outside the body and are potentially harmful. Foreign substances that bind to immune system components exhibit antigenicity and are defined as antigens. The antigens exhibiting immunogenicity can induce innate or adaptive immune responses and give rise to humoral or cell-mediated immunity. The antigens exhibiting mitogenicity can cross-link cell membrane receptors on B and T lymphocytes leading to cell proliferation. All antigens vary greatly in physicochemical features such as biochemical nature, structural complexity, molecular size, foreignness, solubility, and so on. OBJECTIVE Thus, this review aims to describe the molecular bases of protein-antigenicity and those molecular bases that lead to an immune response, lymphocyte proliferation, or unresponsiveness. CONCLUSION The epitopes of an antigen are located in surface areas; they are about 880-3,300 Da in size. They are protein, carbohydrate, or lipid in nature. Soluble antigens are smaller than 1 nm and are endocytosed less efficiently than particulate antigens. The more the structural complexity of an antigen increases, the more the antigenicity increases due to the number and variety of epitopes. The smallest immunogens are about 4,000-10,000 Da in size. The more phylogenetically distant immunogens are from the immunogen-recipient, the more immunogenicity increases. Antigens that are immunogens can trigger an innate or adaptive immune response. The innate response is induced by antigens that are pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Exogenous antigens, T Dependent or T Independent, induce humoral immunogenicity. TD protein-antigens require two epitopes, one sequential and one conformational to induce antibodies, whereas, TI non-protein-antigens require only one conformational epitope to induce low-affinity antibodies. Endogenous protein antigens require only one sequential epitope to induce cell-mediated immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Pedroza-Escobar
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico
| | - Irais Castillo-Maldonado
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico
| | - Tania González-Cortés
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico
| | - Dealmy Delgadillo-Guzmán
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico
| | - Pablo Ruíz-Flores
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico
| | - Jorge Haro Santa Cruz
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico
| | - Perla-Karina Espino-Silva
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico
| | - Erika Flores-Loyola
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Coahuila, 27276, Mexico
| | - Agustina Ramirez-Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Coahuila, 27276, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Avalos-Soto
- Cuerpo Academico Farmacia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Gomez Palacio, Mexico
| | - Miguel-Ángel Téllez-López
- Cuerpo Academico Farmacia y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango, Gomez Palacio, Mexico
| | | | - Rubén García-Garza
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreon, Torreon, Coahuila, 27000, Mexico
| | | | - Cristian Torres-León
- Centro de Investigacion y Jardin Etnobiologico, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Viesca, Coahuila, 27480, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Elliot TAE, Jennings EK, Lecky DAJ, Rouvray S, Mackie GM, Scarfe L, Sheriff L, Ono M, Maslowski KM, Bending D. Nur77-Tempo mice reveal T cell steady state antigen recognition. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 1:kyac009. [PMID: 36704407 PMCID: PMC7614040 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In lymphocytes, Nr4a gene expression is specifically regulated by antigen receptor signalling, making them ideal targets for use as distal T cell receptor (TCR) reporters. Nr4a3-Timer of cell kinetics and activity (Tocky) mice are a ground-breaking tool to report TCR-driven Nr4a3 expression using Fluorescent Timer protein (FT). FT undergoes a time-dependent shift in its emission spectrum following translation, allowing for the temporal reporting of transcriptional events. Our recent work suggested that Nr4a1/Nur77 may be a more sensitive gene to distal TCR signals compared to Nr4a3, so we, therefore, generated Nur77-Timer-rapidly-expressed-in-lymphocytes (Tempo) mice that express FT under the regulation of Nur77. We validated the ability of Nur77-Tempo mice to report TCR and B cell receptor signals and investigated the signals regulating Nur77-FT expression. We found that Nur77-FT was sensitive to low-strength TCR signals, and its brightness was graded in response to TCR signal strength. Nur77-FT detected positive selection signals in the thymus, and analysis of FT expression revealed that positive selection signals are often persistent in nature, with most thymic Treg expressing FT Blue. We found that active TCR signals in the spleen are low frequency, but CD69+ lymphoid T cells are enriched for FT Blue+ Red+ T cells, suggesting frequent TCR signalling. In non-lymphoid tissue, we saw a dissociation of FT protein from CD69 expression, indicating that tissue residency is not associated with tonic TCR signals. Nur77-Tempo mice, therefore, combine the temporal dynamics from the Tocky innovation with increased sensitivity of Nr4a1 to lower TCR signal strengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. E. Elliot
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma K. Jennings
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David A. J. Lecky
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sophie Rouvray
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gillian M. Mackie
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lisa Scarfe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lozan Sheriff
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kendle M. Maslowski
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,Correspondence: David Bending, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Song P, Bai G, Chan S, Zhang T, Tong L, Su Y, Shen Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Lai M, Ning Y, Tang H, Fang Y, Chen Y, Ding K, Ding J, Xie H. ASK120067 potently suppresses B-cell or T-cell malignancies in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting BTK and ITK. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1071114. [PMID: 36588692 PMCID: PMC9799096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1071114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) or interleukin-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) has been attributed to the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma or T-cell leukemia, respectively, which suggests that Bruton's tyrosine kinase and interleukin-2-inducible T cell kinase are critical targets for the treatment of hematological malignancies. We identified a novel third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, ASK120067 (limertinib) in our previous research, which has been applied as a new drug application against non-small cell lung cancer in China. In this work, we found that ASK120067 displayed potent in vitro inhibitory efficacy against Bruton's tyrosine kinase protein and interleukin-2-inducible T cell kinase protein via covalent binding. In cell-based assays, ASK120067 dose-dependently suppressed Bruton's tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and exhibited anti-proliferation potency by inducing apoptosis in numerous B-lymphoma cells. Meanwhile, it caused growth arrest and induced the apoptosis of T-cell leukemia cells by attenuating interleukin-2-inducible T cell kinase activation. Oral administration of ASK120067 led to significant tumor regression in B-cell lymphoma and T-cell leukemia xenograft models by weakening Bruton's tyrosine kinase and interleukin-2-inducible T cell kinase signaling, respectively. Taken together, our studies demonstrated that ASK120067 exerted preclinical anti-tumor activities against B-/T-cell malignancy by targeting BTK/ITK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Song
- 1Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China,2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Bai
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shingpan Chan
- 3College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjiang Tong
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Su
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqiang Liu
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengzhen Lai
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,4Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ning
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haotian Tang
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Fang
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Ding
- 3College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ding
- 2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,5Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jian Ding, ; Hua Xie,
| | - Hua Xie
- 1Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China,2Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,5Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jian Ding, ; Hua Xie,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Notarbartolo S, Abrignani S. Human T lymphocytes at tumor sites. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:883-901. [PMID: 36385379 PMCID: PMC9668216 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes mediate most of the adaptive immune response against tumors. Naïve T lymphocytes specific for tumor antigens are primed in lymph nodes by dendritic cells. Upon activation, antigen-specific T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells that migrate out of peripheral blood into tumor sites in an attempt to eliminate cancer cells. After accomplishing their function, most effector T cells die in the tissue, while a small fraction of antigen-specific T cells persist as long-lived memory cells, circulating between peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, to generate enhanced immune responses when re-encountering the same antigen. A subset of memory T cells, called resident memory T (TRM) cells, stably resides in non-lymphoid peripheral tissues and may provide rapid immunity independently of T cells recruited from blood. Being adapted to the tissue microenvironment, TRM cells are potentially endowed with the best features to protect against the reemergence of cancer cells. However, when tumors give clinical manifestation, it means that tumor cells have evaded immune surveillance, including that of TRM cells. Here, we review the current knowledge as to how TRM cells are generated during an immune response and then maintained in non-lymphoid tissues. We then focus on what is known about the role of CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cells in antitumor immunity and their possible contribution to the efficacy of immunotherapy. Finally, we highlight some open questions in the field and discuss how new technologies may help in addressing them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Notarbartolo
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Experiences with Glofitamab Administration following CAR T Therapy in Patients with Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172747. [PMID: 36078155 PMCID: PMC9454987 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare type of B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) affecting predominantly male patients. While complete remissions following first-line treatment are frequent, most patients ultimately relapse, with a usually aggressive further disease course. The use of cytarabine-comprising induction chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, Rituximab maintenance, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors and CAR T therapy has substantially improved survival. Still, options for patients relapsing after CAR T therapy are limited and recommendations for the treatment of these patients are lacking. We report two cases of patients with mantle cell lymphoma who relapsed after CAR T therapy and were treated with the bispecific CD20/CD3 T cell engaging antibody glofitamab. Both patients showed marked increases of circulating CAR T cells and objective responses after glofitamab administration. Therapy was tolerated without relevant side effects in both patients. One patient completed all 12 planned cycles of glofitamab therapy and was alive and without clinical progression at the last follow-up. The second patient declined further treatment after the first cycle and succumbed to disease progression. We review the literature and investigate possible mechanisms involved in the observed responses after administration of glofitamab, such as proliferation of CAR T cells, anti-tumor effects of the bispecific antibody and the role of other possibly contributing factors. Therapy with bispecific antibodies might offer an effective and well-tolerated option for patients with mantle cell lymphoma relapsing after CAR T therapy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Richard AC. Divide and Conquer: Phenotypic and Temporal Heterogeneity Within CD8+ T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949423. [PMID: 35911755 PMCID: PMC9334874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of technologies that can characterize the phenotypes, functions and fates of individual cells has revealed extensive and often unexpected levels of diversity between cells that are nominally of the same subset. CD8+ T cells, also known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), are no exception. Investigations of individual CD8+ T cells both in vitro and in vivo have highlighted the heterogeneity of cellular responses at the levels of activation, differentiation and function. This review takes a broad perspective on the topic of heterogeneity, outlining different forms of variation that arise during a CD8+ T cell response. Specific attention is paid to the impact of T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation strength on heterogeneity. In particular, this review endeavors to highlight connections between variation at different cellular stages, presenting known mechanisms and key open questions about how variation between cells can arise and propagate.
Collapse
|
27
|
Hashimoto H, Güngör D, Krickeberg N, Schmitt J, Doll L, Schmidt M, Schleicher S, Criado-Moronati E, Schilbach K. TH1 cytokines induce senescence in AML. Leuk Res 2022; 117:106842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
28
|
Huseby ES, Teixeiro E. The perception and response of T cells to a changing environment are based on the law of initial value. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabj9842. [PMID: 35639856 PMCID: PMC9290192 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abj9842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
αβ T cells are critical components of the adaptive immune system and are capable of inducing sterilizing immunity after pathogen infection and eliminating transformed tumor cells. The development and function of T cells are controlled through the T cell antigen receptor, which recognizes peptides displayed on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Here, we review how T cells generate the ability to recognize self-peptide-bound MHC molecules and use signals derived from these interactions to instruct cellular development, activation thresholds, and functional specialization in the steady state and during immune responses. We argue that the basic tenants of T cell development and function follow Weber-Fetcher's law of just noticeable differences and Wilder's law of initial value. Together, these laws argue that the ability of a system to respond and the quality of that response are scalable to the basal state of that system. Manifestation of these laws in T cells generates clone-specific activation thresholds that are based on perceivable differences between homeostasis and pathogen encounter (self versus nonself discrimination), as well as poised states for subsequent differentiation into specific effector cell lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Huseby
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
ITK independent development of Th17 responses during hypersensitivity pneumonitis driven lung inflammation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:162. [PMID: 35210549 PMCID: PMC8873479 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells develop in response to T cell receptor signals (TCR) in the presence of specific environments, and produce the inflammatory cytokine IL17A. These cells have been implicated in a number of inflammatory diseases and represent a potential target for ameliorating such diseases. The kinase ITK, a critical regulator of TCR signals, has been shown to be required for the development of Th17 cells. However, we show here that lung inflammation induced by Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (SR) induced Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (SR-HP) results in a neutrophil independent, and ITK independent Th17 responses, although ITK signals are required for γδ T cell production of IL17A. Transcriptomic analysis of resultant ITK independent Th17 cells suggest that the SR-HP-induced extrinsic inflammatory signals may override intrinsic T cell signals downstream of ITK to rescue Th17 responses in the absence of ITK. These findings suggest that the ability to pharmaceutically target ITK to suppress Th17 responses may be dependent on the type of inflammation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu A, Leary SC, Islam MF, Wu Z, Bhanumathy KK, Ara A, Chibbar R, Fleywald A, Ahmed KA, Xiang J. Prosurvival IL-7-Stimulated Weak Strength of mTORC1-S6K Controls T Cell Memory via Transcriptional FOXO1-TCF1-Id3 and Metabolic AMPKα1-ULK1-ATG7 Pathways. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:155-168. [PMID: 34872976 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ memory T (TM) cells play a critical role in immune defense against infection. Two common γ-chain family cytokines, IL-2 and IL-7, although triggering the same mTORC1-S6K pathway, distinctly induce effector T (TE) cells and TM cells, respectively, but the underlying mechanism(s) remains elusive. In this study, we generated IL-7R-/and AMPKα1-knockout (KO)/OTI mice. By using genetic and pharmaceutical tools, we demonstrate that IL-7 deficiency represses expression of FOXO1, TCF1, p-AMPKα1 (T172), and p-ULK1 (S555) and abolishes T cell memory differentiation in IL-7R KO T cells after Listeria monocytogenesis rLmOVA infection. IL-2- and IL-7-stimulated strong and weak S6K (IL-2/S6Kstrong and IL-7/S6Kweak) signals control short-lived IL-7R-CD62L-KLRG1+ TE and long-term IL-7R+CD62L+KLRG1- TM cell formations, respectively. To assess underlying molecular pathway(s), we performed flow cytometry, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and Seahorse assay analyses by using the IL-7/S6Kweak-stimulated TM (IL-7/TM) and the control IL-2/S6Kstrong-stimulated TE (IL-2/TE) cells. We determine that the IL-7/S6Kweak signal activates transcriptional FOXO1, TCF1, and Id3 and metabolic p-AMPKα1, p-ULK1, and ATG7 molecules in IL-7/TM cells. IL-7/TM cells upregulate IL-7R and CD62L, promote mitochondria biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation metabolism, and show long-term cell survival and functional recall responses. Interestingly, AMPKα1 deficiency abolishes the AMPKα1 but maintains the FOXO1 pathway and induces a metabolic switch from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis in AMPKα1 KO IL-7/TM cells, leading to loss of cell survival and recall responses. Taken together, our data demonstrate that IL-7-stimulated weak strength of mTORC1-S6K signaling controls T cell memory via activation of transcriptional FOXO1-TCF1-Id3 and metabolic AMPKα1-ULK1-ATG7 pathways. This (to our knowledge) novel finding provides a new mechanism for a distinct IL-2/IL-7 stimulation model in T cell memory and greatly impacts vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aizhang Xu
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Scot C Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Md Fahmid Islam
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Zhaojia Wu
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kalpana Kalyanasundaram Bhanumathy
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anjuman Ara
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rajni Chibbar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; and
| | - Andrew Fleywald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; and
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jim Xiang
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; .,Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vander Mause ER, Atanackovic D, Lim CS, Luetkens T. Roadmap to affinity-tuned antibodies for enhanced chimeric antigen receptor T cell function and selectivity. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:875-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
32
|
Xu T, Pereira RM, Martinez GJ. An Updated Model for the Epigenetic Regulation of Effector and Memory CD8 + T Cell Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1497-1505. [PMID: 34493604 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Naive CD8+ T cells, upon encountering their cognate Ag in vivo, clonally expand and differentiate into distinct cell fates, regulated by transcription factors and epigenetic modulators. Several models have been proposed to explain the differentiation of CTLs, although none fully recapitulate the experimental evidence. In this review article, we will summarize the latest research on the epigenetic regulation of CTL differentiation as well as provide a combined model that contemplates them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Xu
- Discipline of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL; and
| | - Renata M Pereira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J Martinez
- Discipline of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL; and
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pritzl CJ, Daniels MA, Teixeiro E. Interplay of Inflammatory, Antigen and Tissue-Derived Signals in the Development of Resident CD8 Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636240. [PMID: 34234771 PMCID: PMC8255970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 positive, tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are a specialized subset of CD8 memory T cells that surveil tissues and provide critical first-line protection against tumors and pathogen re-infection. Recently, much effort has been dedicated to understanding the function, phenotype and development of TRM. A myriad of signals is involved in the development and maintenance of resident memory T cells in tissue. Much of the initial research focused on the roles tissue-derived signals play in the development of TRM, including TGFß and IL-33 which are critical for the upregulation of CD69 and CD103. However, more recent data suggest further roles for antigenic and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review will focus on the interplay of pro-inflammatory, tissue and antigenic signals in the establishment of resident memory T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma Teixeiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|