1
|
Del Carmen Crespo Oliva C, Labrie M, Allard-Chamard H. T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, a marker of immune activation in cancer and autoimmune disorders. Clin Immunol 2024; 266:110325. [PMID: 39067677 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
T peripheral helper (Tph) cells are a newly discovered subtype of CD4+ T cells that have emerged as the counterpart of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the peripheral tissues. These two cell types share some common characteristics, such as high levels of PD1 and CXCL13 expression, but differ in the expression of transcription factors and chemokine receptors. Tph cells have been studied in relation to B cells' effector functions, including cytokines production and antibody-mediated immune responses. However, their role in the inflammatory-mediated development of malignancies remains poorly understood. Tph cells were initially identified in the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients and have since been found to be expanded in several autoimmune diseases. They have been linked to a worse prognosis in autoimmune conditions, but intriguingly, their presence has been correlated with better outcomes in certain types of cancer. The functions of Tph cells are still being investigated, but recent data suggests their involvement in the assembly of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). Furthermore, their interaction with B cells, which have been mainly described as possessing a memory phenotype, promotes their development. In this review, we explore the role of Tph cells in peripheral immune responses during cancer and autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Del Carmen Crespo Oliva
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine andd Health Sciences, Université de sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sagrero-Fabela N, Chávez-Mireles R, Salazar-Camarena DC, Palafox-Sánchez CA. Exploring the Role of PD-1 in the Autoimmune Response: Insights into Its Implication in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7726. [PMID: 39062968 PMCID: PMC11277507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), many challenges remain in unraveling the precise mechanisms behind the disease's development and progression. Recent evidence has questioned the role of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in suppressing autoreactive CD4+ T cells during autoimmune responses. Research has investigated the potential impacts of PD-1 on various CD4+ T-cell subpopulations, including T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells, and T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, all of which exhibit substantial PD-1 expression and are closely related to several autoimmune disorders, including SLE. This review highlights the complex role of PD-1 in autoimmunity and emphasizes the imperative for further research to elucidate its functions during autoreactive T-cell responses. Additionally, we address the potential of PD-1 and its ligands as possible therapeutic targets in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nefertari Sagrero-Fabela
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas (DCB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (N.S.-F.); (R.C.-M.)
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Ramón Chávez-Mireles
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas (DCB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (N.S.-F.); (R.C.-M.)
| | - Diana Celeste Salazar-Camarena
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takada H, Demoruelle MK, Deane KD, Nakamura S, Katsumata Y, Ikari K, Buckner JH, Robinson WH, Seifert JA, Feser ML, Moss L, Norris JM, Harigai M, Hsieh EW, Holers VM, Okamoto Y. Expansion of HLA-DR Positive Peripheral Helper T and Naive B Cells in Anticitrullinated Protein Antibody-Positive Individuals At Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:1023-1035. [PMID: 38412870 PMCID: PMC11213678 DOI: 10.1002/art.42839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate immune dysregulation in the peripheral blood that contributes to the pre-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stage of RA development in anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)+ individuals. METHODS Using 37 markers by mass cytometry, we investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ACPA+ at-risk individuals, ACPA+ early untreated patients with RA, and ACPA- controls in the Tokyo Women's Medical University cohort (n = 17 in each group). Computational algorithms, FlowSOM and Optimized t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding, were employed to explore specific immunologic differences between study groups. These findings were further evaluated, and longitudinal changes were explored, using flow cytometry and PBMCs from the US-based Targeting Immune Responses for Prevention of RA cohort that included 11 ACPA+ individuals who later developed RA (pre-RA), of which 9 had post-RA diagnosis PBMCs (post-RA), and 11 ACPA- controls. RESULTS HLA-DR+ peripheral helper T (Tph) cells, activated regulatory T cells, PD-1hi CD8+ T cells, and CXCR5-CD11c-CD38+ naive B cells were significantly expanded in PBMCs from at-risk individuals and patients with early RA from the Tokyo Women's Medical University cohort. Expansion of HLA-DR+ Tph cells and CXCR5-CD11c-CD38+ naive B cells was likewise found in both pre-RA and post-RA time points in the Targeting Immune Responses for Prevention of RA cohort. CONCLUSION The expansion of HLA-DR+ Tph cells and CXCR5-CD11c-CD38+ naive B cells in ACPA+ individuals, including those who developed inflammatory arthritis and classified RA, supports a key role of these cells in transition from pre-RA to classified RA. These findings may identify a new mechanistic target for treatment and prevention in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Takada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M. Kristen Demoruelle
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kevin D. Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shohei Nakamura
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katsumata
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ikari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Multidisciplinary Management of Rheumatic Diseases, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - William H. Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Seifert
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marie L. Feser
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - LauraKay Moss
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elena W.Y. Hsieh
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Microbiology Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy & Immunology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - V. Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yuko Okamoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zou X, Huo F, Sun L, Huang J. Peripheral helper T cells in human diseases. J Autoimmun 2024; 145:103218. [PMID: 38574420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral helper T cells (Tph) are a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells with the ability to help B cells and induce antibody production. Although usually located in ectopic lymphoid-like structures (ELS), inside the peripheral blood, Tph cells can also be identified. The aberrant proliferation and functions of Tph cells are commonly found in the patients with disease. In this review, first we will summarize the biological characteristics of Tph cells, such as the expression of surface molecules, transcription factors and cytokines, and discuss its B cell help functions. Tph cells also have roles in a wide range of human diseases, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, malignancies etc. Therefore, there is a strong interest in targeting Tph cells to improve treat strategies of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, PR China
| | - Feifei Huo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, PR China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Seki N, Tsujimoto H, Tanemura S, Kojima S, Miyoshi F, Kikuchi J, Saito S, Akiyama M, Sugahara K, Yoshimoto K, Kaneko Y, Chiba K, Takeuchi T. Cytotoxic Tph subset with low B-cell helper functions and its involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Commun Biol 2024; 7:277. [PMID: 38448723 PMCID: PMC10918188 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
T peripheral helper (Tph) cells are thought to contribute to extra-follicular B cell activation and play a pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases. However, the role of Tph subsets is not fully elucidated. Here, we investigate the immunological functions of Tph subsets and their involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We have defined four Tph subsets (Tph1: CXCR3+CCR6-, Tph2: CXCR3-CCR6-, Tph17: CXCR3-CCR6+, and Tph1-17: CXCR3+CCR6+) and performed RNA sequencing after cell sorting. Tph1 and Tph17 subsets express substantial levels of IL21, indicating B cell helper functions. However, Tph2 and Tph1-17 subsets express low IL21. Interestingly, we have found Tph2 subset express high levels of CX3CR1, GZMB, PRF1, GLNY, S1PR5, TBX21, EOMES, ZNF863, and RUNX3, indicating a feature of CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In SLE patients, the frequency of Tph1 and Tph2 subsets are significantly increased and positively correlated with SLE disease activity indexes. Tph1 cells expansion has been observed in patients with cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations. On the other hand, Tph2 cell expansion has been found in patients with lupus nephritis in addition to the above manifestations. Our findings imply that Tph1 and Tph2 subsets exert distinct immunological functions and are contributed to the complexity of clinical manifestations in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyasu Seki
- Research Unit Immunology & Inflammation, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Tsujimoto
- Research Unit Immunology & Inflammation, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tanemura
- Research Unit Immunology & Inflammation, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kojima
- Discovery Technology Laboratories, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Miyoshi
- Discovery Technology Laboratories, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Saito
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Akiyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Sugahara
- Research Unit Immunology & Inflammation, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Chiba
- Research Unit Immunology & Inflammation, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vojdani A, Koksoy S, Vojdani E, Engelman M, Benzvi C, Lerner A. Natural Killer Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells: Complementary Partners against Microorganisms and Cancer. Microorganisms 2024; 12:230. [PMID: 38276215 PMCID: PMC10818828 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T (CD8+) cells are two of the most important types of immune cells in our body, protecting it from deadly invaders. While the NK cell is part of the innate immune system, the CD8+ cell is one of the major components of adaptive immunity. Still, these two very different types of cells share the most important function of destroying pathogen-infected and tumorous cells by releasing cytotoxic granules that promote proteolytic cleavage of harmful cells, leading to apoptosis. In this review, we look not only at NK and CD8+ T cells but also pay particular attention to their different subpopulations, the immune defenders that include the CD56+CD16dim, CD56dimCD16+, CD57+, and CD57+CD16+ NK cells, the NKT, CD57+CD8+, and KIR+CD8+ T cells, and ILCs. We examine all these cells in relation to their role in the protection of the body against different microorganisms and cancer, with an emphasis on their mechanisms and their clinical importance. Overall, close collaboration between NK cells and CD8+ T cells may play an important role in immune function and disease pathogenesis. The knowledge of how these immune cells interact in defending the body against pathogens and cancers may help us find ways to optimize their defensive and healing capabilities with methods that can be clinically applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Laboratory, Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA
| | - Sadi Koksoy
- Cyrex Laboratories, LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85034, USA; (S.K.); (M.E.)
| | | | - Mark Engelman
- Cyrex Laboratories, LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85034, USA; (S.K.); (M.E.)
| | - Carina Benzvi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (C.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (C.B.); (A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Etori K, Tanaka S, Tamura J, Hattori K, Kagami SI, Nakamura J, Ohtori S, Nakajima H. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 as a potential marker of terminal effector peripheral T helper cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3763-3769. [PMID: 37184877 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by destructive polyarthritis. CD4+ T cells are pivotal to its pathogenesis, and our previous study revealed the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is modulated by MTX treatment in CD4+ T cells of RA patients; however, the roles of FGFR1 in CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of RA is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to characterize FGFR1-positive CD4+ T cells in RA patients. METHODS The abundance of FGFR1-positive CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and synovium was determined. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on synovial CD4+ T cells to characterize FGFR1-positive cells. In addition, T cell activation status and cytokine production were determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS The percentage of FGFR1-positive CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood was higher in RA patients than in healthy controls (P =0.0035). They were also present in the synovium of active RA patients. The results of scRNA-seq revealed that peripheral Th (Tph) cells preferentially expressed FGFR1. Additionally, these FGFR1-positive Tph cells displayed a terminal effector cell phenotype. Consistent with this finding, FGFR1-positive CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood expressed IL-21 and IFN-γ. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that FGFR1 marks terminal effector Tph cells in patients with RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Etori
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Tamura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koto Hattori
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kagami
- Research Center for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akiyama M, Alshehri W, Yoshimoto K, Kaneko Y. T follicular helper cells and T peripheral helper cells in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1371-1381. [PMID: 37414520 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological progress has greatly advanced our understanding of human immunology. In particular, the discovery of human T follicular helper (Tfh) and T peripheral helper (Tph) cells has significantly advanced our understanding of human adaptive immune system. Tfh and Tph cells share similar molecular characteristics and both play critical roles in B cell differentiation and maturation. However, they differ in their functional properties, such as chemokine receptor expression and cytokine production. As a result, Tfh cells are mainly involved in B cell differentiation and maturation in germinal centres of secondary lymphoid tissues, while Tph cells are involved in B cell differentiation and tissue damage in peripheral inflammatory lesions. Importantly, the involvement of Tfh and Tph cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases has become clear. In rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, Tph cell infiltration is predominant in peripheral inflammatory lesions, whereas Tfh cell infiltration is predominant in the affected lesions of IgG4-related disease. Therefore, the contribution of Tfh and Tph cells to the development of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases varies depending on each disease. In this review, we provide an overview of human Tfh and Tph cells and summarise the latest findings on these novel T cell subsets in various rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Akiyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Waleed Alshehri
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harada T, Kikushige Y, Miyamoto T, Uno K, Niiro H, Kawakami A, Koga T, Akashi K, Yoshizaki K. Peripheral helper-T-cell-derived CXCL13 is a crucial pathogenic factor in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6959. [PMID: 37907518 PMCID: PMC10618253 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. Among subtypes of CD, idiopathic multicentric CD-not otherwise specified (iMCD-NOS) has a poor prognosis and its pathogenesis is largely unknown. Here we present a xenotransplantation model of iMCD-NOS pathogenesis. Immunodeficient mice, transplanted with lymph node (LN) cells from iMCD-NOS patients, develop iMCD-like lethal inflammation, while mice transplanted with LN cells from non-iMCD patients without inflammation serve as negative control. Grafts depleted of human CD3+ T cells fail to induce inflammation in vivo. Upon engraftment, peripheral helper T (Tph) cells expand and levels of human CXCL13 substantially increase in the sera of mice. A neutralizing antibody against human CXCL13 blocks development of inflammation and improves survival in the recipient mice. Our study thus indicates that Tph cells, producing CXCL13 play a critical role in the pathogenesis of iMCD-NOS, and establishes iMCD-NOS as an immunoregulatory disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Harada
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Kikushige
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuko Uno
- Luis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Niiro
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Yoshizaki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, SANKEN, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Medical corporation of Tokushukai, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cebi M, Cakar A, Erdogdu E, Durmus-Tekce H, Yegen G, Ozkan B, Parman Y, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. Thymoma patients with or without myasthenia gravis have increased Th17 cells, IL-17 production and ICOS expression. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 381:578129. [PMID: 37329662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thymoma associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG) is a small disease subgroup with autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor. The aim of this study was to assess the role of T helper (Th) cells in TAMG compared to thymoma patients without MG (TOMA) and healthy controls (HC). Peripheral blood cells were used for intracellular cytokine measurements and phenotyping of CD4+ Th cells. IL-21 and IL-4 productions and peripheral Th cells were higher in TAMG compared to TOMA patients and HC. Increases of ICOS and Th17 population were detected both in TAMG and TOMA groups. Higher IL-10 and Th1 population have been observed related to thymectomy. ICOS expression and Th17 induced by thymoma may contribute to the development of TAMG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Cebi
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Arman Cakar
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eren Erdogdu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hacer Durmus-Tekce
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Yegen
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berker Ozkan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Parman
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sagrero-Fabela N, Ortíz-Lazareno PC, Salazar-Camarena DC, Cruz A, Cerpa-Cruz S, Muñoz-Valle JF, Marín-Rosales M, Alvarez-Gómez JA, Palafox-Sánchez CA. BAFFR expression in circulating T follicular helper (CD4 +CXCR5 +PD-1 +) and T peripheral helper (CD4 +CXCR5 -PD-1 +) cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2023; 32:1093-1104. [PMID: 37460408 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231189804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) and T peripheral helper (Tph) subpopulations are shown to be higher in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and have been involved in promoting extrafollicular B cell responses. However, a possible association with the B cell activating factor (BAFF), a cytokine mainly related to B cell responses and disease activity in SLE, has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of cTfh and Tph subpopulations with the BAFF system expression and clinical activity in SLE patients. METHODS This study included 43 SLE patients and 12 healthy subjects (HS). The identification of cTfh (CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+), Tph (CD4+CXCR5-PD-1+) cells, expression of membrane-bound BAFF (mBAFF), BAFFR, TACI, BCMA, and intracellular IL-21 was performed by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-21, CXCL13, and BAFF were analyzed using ELISA. The SLEDAI-2K score was used to evaluate disease activity in SLE patients. RESULTS Compared with HS, SLE patients showed a significantly increased percentage of cTfh and Tph cells, higher in patients with clearly active disease. SLE patients had markedly higher IL-21-producing cTfh and Tph cells than HS. Both subpopulations were positively correlated with the disease activity in SLE patients. Tph cells were negatively correlated with CD19+CXCR5+ B cells and positively correlated with CD19+CXCR5- B cells. A low expression of mBAFF and their receptors TACI and BCMA was found on cTfh and Tph cells in SLE patients and HS. However, SLE patients with clearly active disease showed decreased expression of BAFFR on cTfh and Tph subpopulations than patients with mildly active/nonactive disease. Serum IL-21, CXCL13, and BAFF levels were higher in SLE patients than in HS. Levels of CXCL13 were correlated with disease activity. Non-significant correlations were observed among T cell subpopulations and IL-21, CXCL13, and BAFF levels. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the importance of cTfh and Tph cells in SLE pathogenesis. Besides the importance of IL-21, our results suggest that BAFFR could play a role in cTfh and Tph subpopulations in the autoimmunity context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nefertari Sagrero-Fabela
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas (DCB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Pablo C Ortíz-Lazareno
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, México
| | - Diana C Salazar-Camarena
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Sergio Cerpa-Cruz
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, México
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Miguel Marín-Rosales
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
- Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - Jhonatan A Alvarez-Gómez
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina (DCBMM), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Claudia A Palafox-Sánchez
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamada H. The Search for the Pathogenic T Cells in the Joint of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Which T-Cell Subset Drives Autoimmune Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086930. [PMID: 37108093 PMCID: PMC10138952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting systemic synovial tissues, leading to the destruction of multiple joints. Its etiology is still unknown, but T-cell-mediated autoimmunity has been thought to play critical roles, which is supported by experimental as well as clinical observations. Therefore, efforts have been made to elucidate the functions and antigen specificity of pathogenic autoreactive T cells, which could be a therapeutic target for disease treatment. Historically, T-helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells are hypothesized to be pathogenic T cells in RA joints; however, lines of evidence do not fully support this hypothesis, showing polyfunctionality of the T cells. Recent progress in single-cell analysis technology has led to the discovery of a novel helper T-cell subset, peripheral helper T cells, and attracted attention to the previously unappreciated T-cell subsets, such as cytotoxic CD4 and CD8 T cells, in RA joints. It also enables a comprehensive view of T-cell clonality and function. Furthermore, the antigen specificity of the expanded T-cell clones can be determined. Despite such progress, which T-cell subset drives inflammation is yet known.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisakata Yamada
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Wang J, Lan T, Zhang L, Yan Z, Zhang N, Xu Y, Tao Q. Role and mechanism of fibroblast-activated protein-α expression on the surface of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135384. [PMID: 37006278 PMCID: PMC10064071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-activated protein-α (FAP) is a type II integrated serine protease expressed by activated fibroblasts during fibrosis or inflammation. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial sites abundantly and stably overexpress FAP and play important roles in regulating the cellular immune, inflammatory, invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis responses in the synovial region. Overexpression of FAP is regulated by the initial inflammatory microenvironment of the disease and epigenetic signaling, which promotes RA development by regulating FLSs or affecting the signaling cross-linking FLSs with other cells at the local synovium and inflammatory stimulation. At present, several treatment options targeting FAP are in the process of development. This review discusses the basic features of FAP expressed on the surface of FLSs and its role in RA pathophysiology and advances in targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Lan
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liubo Zhang
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeran Yan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Qingwen Tao,
| | - Qingwen Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Qingwen Tao,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Julé AM, Lam KP, Taylor M, Hoyt KJ, Wei K, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Case SM, Chandler M, Chang MH, Cohen EM, Dedeoglu F, Halyabar O, Hausmann J, Hazen MM, Janssen E, Lo J, Lo MS, Meidan E, Roberts JE, Wobma H, Son MBF, Sundel RP, Lee PY, Sage PT, Chatila TA, Nigrovic PA, Rao DA, Henderson LA. Disordered T cell-B cell interactions in autoantibody-positive inflammatory arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1068399. [PMID: 36685593 PMCID: PMC9849554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1068399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, identified in the synovium of adults with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, drive B cell maturation and antibody production in non-lymphoid tissues. We sought to determine if similarly dysregulated T cell-B cell interactions underlie another form of inflammatory arthritis, juvenile oligoarthritis (oligo JIA). Clonally expanded Tph cells able to promote B cell antibody production preferentially accumulated in the synovial fluid (SF) of oligo JIA patients with antinuclear antibodies (ANA) compared to autoantibody-negative patients. Single-cell transcriptomics enabled further definition of the Tph gene signature in inflamed tissues and showed that Tph cells from ANA-positive patients upregulated genes associated with B cell help to a greater extent than patients without autoantibodies. T cells that co-expressed regulatory T and B cell-help factors were identified. The phenotype of these Tph-like Treg cells suggests an ability to restrain T cell-B cell interactions in tissues. Our findings support the central role of disordered T cell-help to B cells in autoantibody-positive arthritides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie M. Julé
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ki Pui Lam
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Taylor
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kacie J. Hoyt
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Siobhan M. Case
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mia Chandler
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margaret H. Chang
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ezra M. Cohen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fatma Dedeoglu
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olha Halyabar
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan Hausmann
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Melissa M. Hazen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erin Janssen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Lo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mindy S. Lo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Esra Meidan
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jordan E. Roberts
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Holly Wobma
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary Beth F. Son
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert P. Sundel
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pui Y. Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Talal A. Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter A. Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deepak A. Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren A. Henderson
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kuehn J, Schleifenbaum S, Hendling M, Siebenhandl S, Krainer J, Fuehner S, Hellige A, Park C, Hinze C, Wittkowski H, Holzinger D, Thurner L, Weinhäusel A, Foell D, Kessel C. Aberrant Naive CD4-Positive T Cell Differentiation in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Committed to B Cell Help. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 75:826-841. [PMID: 36409585 DOI: 10.1002/art.42409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) features characteristics of autoinflammation and autoimmunity, culminating in chronic arthritis. In this study, we hypothesized that aberrant or incomplete polarization of T helper cells contributes to disease pathology. METHODS Cells or serum samples were obtained from healthy controls (n = 72) and systemic JIA patients (n = 171). Isolated naive T helper cells were cultured under Th1, Th17, and T follicular helper (Tfh) or T peripheral helper (Tph)-polarizing conditions and were partly cocultured with allogenic memory B cells. Cell samples were then analyzed for surface marker, transcription factor, and cytokine expression, as well as plasmablast generation. Serum samples were subjected to multiplexed bead and self-antigen arrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and all data were compared to retrospective RNA profiling analyses. RESULTS Differentiation of systemic JIA-naive T helper cells toward Th1 cells resulted in low expression levels of interferon-γ (IFNγ) and eomesodermin, which was associated in part with disease duration. In contrast developing Th1 cells in patients with systemic JIA were found to produce elevated levels of interleukin-21 (IL-21), which negatively correlated with cellular expression of IFNγ and eomesodermin. In both in vitro and ex vivo analyses, IL-21 together with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS), and CXCR5 expression induced naive T helper cells from systemic JIA patients to polarize toward a Tfh/Tph cell phenotype. Retrospective analysis of whole-blood RNA-sequencing data demonstrated that Bcl-6, a master transcription factor in Tfh/Tph cell differentiation, was overexpressed specifically in patients with systemic JIA. Naive T helper cells from systemic JIA patients which were stimulated in vitro promoted B cellular plasmablast generation, and self-antigen array data indicated that IgG reactivity profiles of patients with systemic JIA differed from those of healthy controls. CONCLUSION In the pathogenesis of systemic JIA, skewing of naive T helper cell differentiation toward a Tfh/Tph cell phenotype may represent an echo of autoimmunity, which may indicate the mechanisms driving progression toward chronic destructive arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kuehn
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Susanne Schleifenbaum
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michaela Hendling
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Siebenhandl
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julie Krainer
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Fuehner
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Antje Hellige
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carolin Park
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Claas Hinze
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Helmut Wittkowski
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dirk Holzinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, and Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- José Carreras Center for Immunology and Gene Therapy and Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk Foell
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christoph Kessel
- Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
TCR CDR3 Sequencing as a Clue to Elucidate the Landscape of Dysimmunity in Patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195665. [PMID: 36233533 PMCID: PMC9571369 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder. The existence of autoreactive T cells has long been proposed in ITP. Yet the identification of autoreactive T cells has not been achieved, which is an important step to elucidate the pathogenesis of ITP. Methods: ITP patients’ peripheral blood was collected prior to the treatment and one month after initiating dexamethasone treatment per related therapeutic guideline. Serum cytokines were profiled to examine T cell subtypes imbalance using a protein chip. TCR Vβ analysis in CD8+T cells of ITP patients, and TCR CDR3 DNA sequencing of CD4+T and CD8+T cells were performed to determine the autoreactive T cells’ clones. Results: Cytokine profiling revealed imbalanced distribution of T cells subtypes, which was confirmed by CD4+T and CD8+T cells’ oligoclonal expansion of TCR Vβ analysis and TCR CDR3 DNA sequencing. VDJ segments were found to be more frequently presented in ITP patients, when compared with health controls. There was an individualized CD4+T cell or CD8+T cell CDR3 sequence in each ITP patient. Conclusions: The present study revealed that T cell clones expanded in ITP patients’ peripheral blood, and each clone had an individualized TCR CDR3 sequence. The expanded T cell clones preferred to use some specific VDJ segment. Further studies are warranted to get access to individualized treatment such as Car-T in patients with ITP.
Collapse
|
17
|
Li K, Wang M, Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhang X. ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis: From immune mechanisms to clinical translation. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104233. [PMID: 36027873 PMCID: PMC9404277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA) is a hallmark feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which causes chronic joint destruction and systemic inflammation. Based on ACPA status, RA patients can be sub-grouped into two major subsets: ACPA-positive RA (ACPA+ RA) and ACPA-negative RA (ACPA– RA). Accumulating evidence have suggested that ACPA+ RA and ACPA– RA are two distinct disease entities with different underlying pathophysiology. In contrast to the well-characterized pathogenic mechanisms of ACPA+ RA, the etiology of ACPA– RA remains largely unknown. In this review, we summarized current knowledge about the primary drivers of ACPA– RA, particularly focusing on the serological, cellular, and molecular aspects of immune mechanisms. A better understanding of the immunopathogenesis in ACPA– RA will help in designing more precisely targeting strategies, and paving the road to personalized treatment. In addition, identification of novel biomarkers in ACPA– RA will substantially promote early treatment and improve the outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ketian Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jin W, Zheng Y, Zhu P. T cell abnormalities in systemic sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103185. [PMID: 36031049 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with a poor prognosis. To date, the pathogenesis of SSc is still unclear; moreover, its pathological conditions include microvascular damage, inflammation, and immune abnormalities. Different types of T cells may cause vasculitis and fibrosis in SSc by means of up- and down-regulation of cell surface molecules, abnormal release of pro-fibrotic or pro-inflammatory cytokines and direct contact with fibroblasts. These T cells, which are mainly CD4 + T cells, include the subtypes, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, regulatory T Cells (Treg), interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing Th17 cells, CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and angiogenic T (Tang) cells. In addition to the Th1/Th2 imbalance, which has long been established, there is also a Th17/Treg imbalance in SSc. This imbalance may be closely related to the abnormal immune status of SSc. There is mounting evidence that suggest T cell abnormalities may be crucial to the pathogenesis of SSc. In terms of treatment, existing therapies that target T cells, such as immunosuppressive therapy (tacrolimus), Janus kinase(JAK) inhibitors, and biologics(abatacept), have had some success. Other non-drug therapies, including Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have extensive and complex mechanisms of action actually including T cell regulation. Based on the current evidence, we believe that the study of T cells will further our understanding of the pathogenesis of SSc, and may lead to more targeted treatment optionsfor patients with SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yoshitomi H. Peripheral Helper T Cell Responses in Human Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946786. [PMID: 35880181 PMCID: PMC9307902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) studies established a PD-1hiCXCR5-CD4+ T-cell subset that was coined peripheral helper T (Tph) cells. CXCL13 production is a key feature of Tph cells and may contribute to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in inflamed tissues. In addition, Tph cells provide help to B cells in situ as efficiently as follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, and these features would implicate Tph cells in the pathogenesis of RA. Subsequent studies have revealed that Tph cells are involved in various human diseases such as autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers. Although the analysis of human immunity has various limitations, accumulating evidence demonstrated the expansion of B cells with low somatic hypermutation and a link between TLS and immune functions in these diseases. We discuss about the emerging roles of the Tph cell and its relevant immune responses in peripheral tissues including B-cell expansion with atypical features.
Collapse
|
20
|
Christophersen A, Dahal‐Koirala S, Chlubnová M, Jahnsen J, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM. Phenotype-Based Isolation of Antigen-Specific CD4 + T Cells in Autoimmunity: A Study of Celiac Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104766. [PMID: 35119226 PMCID: PMC8981484 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic immune response in celiac disease (CeD) is orchestrated by phenotypically distinct CD4+ T cells that recognize gluten epitopes in the context of disease-associated HLA-DQ allotypes. Cells with the same distinct phenotype, but with elusive specificities, are increased across multiple autoimmune conditions. Here, whether sorting of T cells based on their distinct phenotype (Tphe cells) yields gluten-reactive cells in CeD is tested. The method's efficiency is benchmarked by parallel isolation of gluten-reactive T cells (Ttet cells), using HLA-DQ:gluten peptide tetramers. From gut biopsies of 12 untreated HLA-DQ2.5+ CeD patients, Ttet+ /Tphe+ , Ttet- /Tphe+ , and Ttet- /Tphe- cells are sorted for single-cell T-cell receptor (TCR)-sequencing (n = 8) and T-cell clone (TCC)-generation (n = 5). The generated TCCs are TCR sequenced and tested for their reactivity against deamidated gluten. Gluten-reactivity is observed in 91.2% of Ttet+ /Tphe+ TCCs, 65.3% of Ttet- /Tphe+ TCCs and 0% of Ttet- /Tphe- TCCs. TCR sequencing reveals clonal expansion and sequence sharing across patients, features reflecting antigen-driven responses. The feasibility to isolate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells by the sole use of phenotypic markers in CeD outlines a potential avenue for characterizing disease-driving CD4+ T cells in autoimmune conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asbjørn Christophersen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
- Department of RheumatologyDermatology and Infectious DiseasesOslo University HospitalOslo0372Norway
| | - Shiva Dahal‐Koirala
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
| | - Markéta Chlubnová
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of GastroenterologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskog1478Norway
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
- Department of GastroenterologyOslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University HospitalOslo0372Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Eisenbarth SC, Baumjohann D, Craft J, Fazilleau N, Ma CS, Tangye SG, Vinuesa CG, Linterman MA. CD4 + T cells that help B cells - a proposal for uniform nomenclature. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:658-669. [PMID: 34244056 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells cognately guide differentiation of antigen-primed B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. 'Tfh-like' populations not expressing the canonical Tfh cell transcription factor BCL6 have also been described, which can aid particular aspects of B cell differentiation. Tfh and Tfh-like cells are essential for protective and pathological humoral immunity. These CD4+ T cells that help B cells are polarized to produce diverse combinations of cytokines and chemokine receptors and can be grouped into distinct subsets that promote antibodies of different isotype, affinity, and duration, according to the nature of immune challenge. However, unified nomenclature to describe the distinct functional Tfh and Tfh-like cells does not exist. While explicitly acknowledging cellular plasticity, we propose categorizing these cell states into three groups based on phenotype and function, paired with their anatomical site of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0652, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0652, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0652, USA.
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joe Craft
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0652, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0652, USA
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- John Curtin School for Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|