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Lv Y, Yang Z, Hai L, Chen X, Wang J, Hu S, Zhao Y, Yuan H, Hu Z, Cui D, Xie J. Differential alterations of CXCR3, CXCR5 and CX3CR1 in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Cytokine 2024; 181:156684. [PMID: 38936205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
As a versatile element for maintaining homeostasis, the chemokine system has been reported to be implicated in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, research pertaining to chemokine receptors and related ligands in adult ITP is still limited. The states of several typical chemokine receptors and cognate ligands in the circulation were comparatively assessed through various methodologies. Multiple variable analyses of correlation matrixes were conducted to characterize the correlation signatures of various chemokine receptors or candidate ligands with platelet counts. Our data illustrated a significant decrease in relative CXCR3 expression and elevated plasma levels of CXCL4, 9-11, 13, and CCL3 chemokines in ITP patients with varied platelet counts. Flow cytometry assays revealed eminently diminished CXCR3 levels on T and B lymphocytes and increased CXCR5 on cytotoxic T cell (Tc) subsets in ITP patients with certain platelet counts. Meanwhile, circulating CX3CR1 levels were markedly higher on T cells with a concomitant increase in plasma CX3CL1 level in ITP patients, highlighting the importance of aberrant alterations of the CX3CR1-CX3CL1 axis in ITP pathogenesis. Spearman's correlation analyses revealed a strong positive association of peripheral CXCL4 mRNA level, and negative correlations of plasma CXCL4 concentration and certain chemokine receptors with platelet counts, which might serve as a potential biomarker of platelet destruction in ITP development. Overall, these results indicate that the differential expression patterns and distinct activation states of peripheral chemokine network, and the subsequent expansion of circulating CXCR5+ Tc cells and CX3CR1+ T cells, may be a hallmark during ITP progression, which ultimately contributes to thrombocytopenia in ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lei Hai
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Huiming Yuan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhengjun Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310060, China.
| | - Dawei Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Jue Xie
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Gerhards C, Teufel A, Gerigk M, French M, Antoni C, Ebert M, Neumaier M, Evliyaoglu O. Potential role of Vitamin D in immune response in patients with viral hepatitis. Nutrition 2024; 124:112447. [PMID: 38669827 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the relationship of Vitamin D with innate and adaptive immune response parameters in chronic hepatitis B and C patients. METHODS The laboratory data between January 1, 2013 and February 1, 2023, for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) were extracted. Serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin D, hepatitis B virus serological markers, complements, and subsets of T lymphocytes were determined. Study cohorts were divided into groups based on serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin D levels with further evaluation of laboratory data. RESULTS In CHB and CHC patients the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio significantly decreased (P < 0.05), but the percentage of CD8+ increased (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. In CHB patients Vitamin D decrease was significant (P < 0.001) but not in CHC patients. Vitamin D showed a moderate negative influence on the CD8 cell count in CHB patients. The positive ratio of HBV DNA and HBsAg decreased with increasing serum vitamin D levels. The vitamin D deficient group showed significantly lower antibody production compared to the normal group, and exhibited significantly decreased CD4 numbers and increased CD8 numbers (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively), while the CD4/CD8 ratio was also significantly decreased in the insufficiency group (P < 0.001). Complement C3 levels were not associated with CD4 and CD8, but had an inverse relation with Vitamin D. Vitamin D levels were significantly associated with complement C3, CD8+, CD4+, CD19+ cells, and HBV DNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D may be a modulator of immune function not only via CD8+ and CD4+ cells but also via CD19+ cells in the course of chronic HBV infection. The negative relationship between vitamin D and complement C3 needs elucidation. Moreover, the increased proportion of B cells and decreased CD4+ cells in Vitamin D deficiency disrupt the immune response against HBV since the expected antibody response was not obtained despite the increase in B cell ratio. This indicates an influence of CD4+ cells for B cell functionality. In summary, sufficient levels of Vitamin D may lead to a sustained virological response that is debatable by artificially correcting the deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gerhards
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Division of Hepatology, Division of Clinical Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlis Gerigk
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael French
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Antoni
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center for Disease Prevention and Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Ebert
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center for Disease Prevention and Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Medicine II, University, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Neumaier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Osman Evliyaoglu
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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Ferrer P, Berry AA, Bucsan AN, Prajapati SK, Krishnan K, Barbeau MC, Rickert DM, Guerrero SM, Usui M, Abebe Y, Patil A, Chakravarty S, Billingsley PF, Pa'ahana-Brown F, Strauss K, Shrestha B, Nomicos E, Deye GA, Sim BKL, Hoffman SL, Williamson KC, Lyke KE. Repeat controlled human Plasmodium falciparum infections delay bloodstream patency and reduce symptoms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5194. [PMID: 38890271 PMCID: PMC11189388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to clinical malaria takes years to develop even in hyperendemic regions and sterilizing immunity has rarely been observed. To evaluate the maturation of the host response against controlled repeat exposures to P. falciparum (Pf) NF54 strain-infected mosquitoes, we systematically monitored malaria-naïve participants through an initial exposure to uninfected mosquitoes and 4 subsequent homologous exposures to Pf-infected mosquitoes over 21 months (n = 8 males) (ClinicalTrials.gov# NCT03014258). The primary outcome was to determine whether protective immunity against parasite infection develops following repeat CHMI and the secondary outcomes were to track the clinical signs and symptoms of malaria and anti-Pf antibody development following repeat CHMI. After two exposures, time to blood stage patency increases significantly and the number of reported symptoms decreases indicating the development of clinical tolerance. The time to patency correlates positively with both anti-Pf circumsporozoite protein (CSP) IgG and CD8 + CD69+ effector memory T cell levels consistent with partial pre-erythrocytic immunity. IFNγ levels decrease significantly during the participants' second exposure to high blood stage parasitemia and could contribute to the decrease in symptoms. In contrast, CD4-CD8 + T cells expressing CXCR5 and the inhibitory receptor, PD-1, increase significantly after subsequent Pf exposures, possibly dampening the memory response and interfering with the generation of robust sterilizing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ferrer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrea A Berry
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison N Bucsan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Surendra K Prajapati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Karthik Krishnan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michelle C Barbeau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David M Rickert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Mendoza Guerrero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Miho Usui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Faith Pa'ahana-Brown
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathy Strauss
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Biraj Shrestha
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Effie Nomicos
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and International Programs Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory A Deye
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and International Programs Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Kim C Williamson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kirsten E Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Nicosia M, Valujskikh A. Recognizing Complexity of CD8 T Cells in Transplantation. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00734. [PMID: 38637929 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The major role of CD8+ T cells in clinical and experimental transplantation is well documented and acknowledged. Nevertheless, the precise impact of CD8+ T cells on graft tissue injury is not completely understood, thus impeding the development of specific treatment strategies. The goal of this overview is to consider the biology and functions of CD8+ T cells in the context of experimental and clinical allotransplantation, with special emphasis on how this cell subset is affected by currently available and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Han JL, Zimmerer JM, Zeng Q, Chaudhari S, Hart M, Satoskar AA, Abdel-Rasoul M, Breuer CK, Bumgardner GL. CXCR5 + CD8 + T Cell-mediated Suppression of Humoral Alloimmunity and AMR in Mice Is Optimized With mTOR and Impaired With Calcineurin Inhibition. Transplantation 2024; 108:679-692. [PMID: 37872660 PMCID: PMC10922067 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) with antibody-suppressor CXCR5 + CD8 + T cells (CD8 + T Ab-supp ) inhibits alloantibody production, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), and prolongs graft survival in multiple transplant mouse models. However, it is not known how conventional immunosuppressive agents impact the efficacy of CD8 + T Ab-supp ACT. METHODS We investigated the efficacy of CD8 + T Ab-supp cell ACT when combined with calcineurin inhibitor (CNi) or mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) in a murine model of kidney transplant. RESULTS ACT-mediated decrease in germinal center B cells, posttransplant alloantibody titer, and amelioration of AMR in high alloantibody-producing CCR5 knockout kidney transplant recipients were impaired when ACT was combined with CNi and enhanced when combined with mTORi. CNi (but not mTORi) reduced ACT-mediated in vivo cytotoxicity of IgG + B cells and was associated with increased quantity of germinal center B cells. Neither CNi nor mTORi treatment impacted the expression of cytotoxic effector molecules (FasL, Lamp1, perforin, granzyme B) by CD8 + T Ab-supp after ACT. Concurrent treatment with CNi (but not mTORi) reduced in vivo proliferation of CD8 + T Ab-supp after ACT. The increase in quantity of splenic CD44 + CXCR5 + CD8 + T cells that occurs after ACT was reduced by concurrent treatment with CNi but not by concurrent treatment with mTORi (dose-dependent). CONCLUSIONS Impaired efficacy of ACT by CNi is attributed to reduced persistence and/or expansion of CD8 + T Ab-supp cells after ACT. In contrast, concurrent immunosuppression with mTORi preserves CD8 + T Ab-supp cells quantity, in vivo proliferation, and in vivo cytotoxic effector function after ACT and enhances suppression of humoral alloimmunity and AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing L. Han
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Jason M. Zimmerer
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Sachi Chaudhari
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Madison Hart
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | | | - Ginny L. Bumgardner
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Koh CH, Lee S, Kwak M, Kim BS, Chung Y. CD8 T-cell subsets: heterogeneity, functions, and therapeutic potential. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2287-2299. [PMID: 37907738 PMCID: PMC10689838 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells play crucial roles in immune surveillance and defense against infections and cancer. After encountering antigenic stimulation, naïve CD8 T cells differentiate and acquire effector functions, enabling them to eliminate infected or malignant cells. Traditionally, cytotoxic T cells, characterized by their ability to produce effector cytokines and release cytotoxic granules to directly kill target cells, have been recognized as the constituents of the predominant effector T-cell subset. However, emerging evidence suggests distinct subsets of effector CD8 T cells that each exhibit unique effector functions and therapeutic potential. This review highlights recent advancements in our understanding of CD8 T-cell subsets and the contributions of these cells to various disease pathologies. Understanding the diverse roles and functions of effector CD8 T-cell subsets is crucial to discern the complex dynamics of immune responses in different disease settings. Furthermore, the development of immunotherapeutic approaches that specifically target and regulate the function of distinct CD8 T-cell subsets holds great promise for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hyun Koh
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyeong Kwak
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 Plus Program, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Gangwon, 25159, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Zhou J, He X, Ou Y, Peng S, Li D, Zhou Q, Fu J, Long Y, Tan Y. Role of CXCR5 + CD8 + T cells in human hepatitis B virus infection. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:638-645. [PMID: 37129474 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The replication of HBV in hepatocytes can be effectively inhibited by lifelong antiviral therapy. Because of the long-term presence of HBV reservoirs, the virus rebound frequently occurs once the treatment is stopped, which poses a considerable obstacle to the complete removal of the virus. In terms of gene composition, regulation of B cell action and function, CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells are similar to CXCR5+ CD4+ T follicular helper cells, while these cells are characterized by elevated programmed cell death 1 and cytotoxic-related proteins. CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells are strongly associated with progression in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In addition, CXCR5 expression on the surface of CD8+ T cells is mostly an indicator of memory stem cell-like failure in progenitor cells in cancer that are more responsive to immune checkpoint blocking therapy. Furthermore, the phenomena have also been demonstrated in some viral infections, highlighting the duality of the cellular immune response of CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells. This mini-review will focus on the function of CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells in HBV infection and discuss the function of these CD8+ T cells and the potential of associated co-stimulators or cytokines in HBV therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yangjing Ou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jingli Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhu Long
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yingzheng Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
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Chen M, Venturi V, Munier CML. Dissecting the Protective Effect of CD8 + T Cells in Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination and the Potential Link with Lymph Node CD8 + T Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1035. [PMID: 37508464 PMCID: PMC10376827 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have played a crucial role in effectively reducing COVID-19 disease severity, with a new generation of vaccines that use messenger RNA (mRNA) technology being administered globally. Neutralizing antibodies have featured as the heroes of vaccine-induced immunity. However, vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells may have a significant impact on the early protective effects of the mRNA vaccine, which are evident 12 days after initial vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells have been shown to respond to multiple epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 and exhibit polyfunctionality in the periphery at the early stage, even when neutralizing antibodies are scarce. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce diverse subsets of memory CD8+ T cells that persist for more than six months following vaccination. However, the protective role of CD8+ T cells in response to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines remains a topic of debate. In addition, our understanding of CD8+ T cells in response to vaccination in the lymph nodes, where they first encounter antigen, is still limited. This review delves into the current knowledge regarding the protective role of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells in controlling the virus, the response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, and the contribution to supporting B cell activity and promoting immune protection in the lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Chen
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Poloni C, Schonhofer C, Ivison S, Levings MK, Steiner TS, Cook L. T-cell activation-induced marker assays in health and disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:491-503. [PMID: 36825901 PMCID: PMC10952637 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Activation-induced marker (AIM) assays have proven to be an accessible and rapid means of antigen-specific T-cell detection. The method typically involves short-term incubation of whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells with antigens of interest, where autologous antigen-presenting cells process and present peptides in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Recognition of peptide-MHC complexes by T-cell receptors then induces upregulation of activation markers on the T cells that can be detected by flow cytometry. In this review, we highlight the most widely used activation markers for assays in the literature while identifying nuances and potential downfalls associated with the technique. We provide a summary of how AIM assays have been used in both discovery science and clinical studies, including studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity. This review primarily focuses on AIM assays using human blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples, with some considerations noted for tissue-derived T cells and nonhuman samples. AIM assays are a powerful tool that enables detailed analysis of antigen-specific T-cell frequency, phenotype and function without needing to know the precise antigenic peptides and their MHC restriction elements, enabling a wider analysis of immunity generated following infection and/or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Poloni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Cole Schonhofer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sabine Ivison
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Megan K Levings
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- BC Children's Hospital Research InstituteVancouverBCCanada
| | - Laura Cook
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
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10
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Kudryavtsev IV, Arsentieva NA, Korobova ZR, Isakov DV, Rubinstein AA, Batsunov OK, Khamitova IV, Kuznetsova RN, Savin TV, Akisheva TV, Stanevich OV, Lebedeva AA, Vorobyov EA, Vorobyova SV, Kulikov AN, Sharapova MA, Pevtsov DE, Totolian AA. Heterogenous CD8+ T Cell Maturation and 'Polarization' in Acute and Convalescent COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:1906. [PMID: 36146713 PMCID: PMC9504186 DOI: 10.3390/v14091906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptive antiviral immune response requires interaction between CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and Th1 cells for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the data regarding the role of CD8+ T cells in the acute phase of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome are still limited. METHODS . Peripheral blood samples collected from patients with acute COVID-19 (n = 71), convalescent subjects bearing serum SARS-CoV-2 N-protein-specific IgG antibodies (n = 51), and healthy volunteers with no detectable antibodies to any SARS-CoV-2 proteins (HC, n = 46) were analyzed using 10-color flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients with acute COVID-19 vs. HC and COVID-19 convalescents showed decreased absolute numbers of CD8+ T cells, whereas the frequency of CM and TEMRA CD8+ T cells in acute COVID-19 vs. HC was elevated. COVID-19 convalescents vs. HC had increased naïve and CM cells, whereas TEMRA cells were decreased compared to HC. Cell-surface CD57 was highly expressed by the majority of CD8+ T cells subsets during acute COVID-19, but convalescents had increased CD57 on 'naïve', CM, EM4, and pE1 2-3 months post-symptom onset. CXCR5 expression was altered in acute and convalescent COVID-19 subjects, whereas the frequencies of CXCR3+ and CCR4+ cells were decreased in both patient groups vs. HC. COVID-19 convalescents had increased CCR6-expressing CD8+ T cells. Moreover, CXCR3+CCR6- Tc1 cells were decreased in patients with acute COVID-19 and COVID-19 convalescents, whereas Tc2 and Tc17 levels were increased compared to HC. Finally, IL-27 negatively correlated with the CCR6+ cells in acute COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS We described an abnormal CD8+ T cell profile in COVID-19 convalescents, which resulted in lower frequencies of effector subsets (TEMRA and Tc1), higher senescent state (upregulated CD57 on 'naïve' and memory cells), and higher frequencies of CD8+ T cell subsets expressing lung tissue and mucosal tissue homing molecules (Tc2, Tc17, and Tc17.1). Thus, our data indicate that COVID-19 can impact the long-term CD8+ T cell immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Kudryavtsev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Arsentieva
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zoia R. Korobova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Isakov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artem A. Rubinstein
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg K. Batsunov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V. Khamitova
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raisa N. Kuznetsova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tikhon V. Savin
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Akisheva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oksana V. Stanevich
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Prof. Popov St. 15/17, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A. Lebedeva
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Vorobyov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Snejana V. Vorobyova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Kulikov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria A. Sharapova
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E. Pevtsov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Areg A. Totolian
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L’va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunology, Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira 14, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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