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Wang N, Wang C, Wei C, Chen M, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Wang T. Constructing the cGAMP-Aluminum Nanoparticles as a Vaccine Adjuvant-Delivery System (VADS) for Developing the Efficient Pulmonary COVID-19 Subunit Vaccines. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401650. [PMID: 39319481 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The cGAMP-aluminum nanoparticles (CAN) are engineered as a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system to carry mixed RBD (receptor-binding domain) of the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its new variant for developing bivalent pulmonary coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines (biRBD-CAN). High phosphophilicity/adsorptivity made intrapulmonary CAN instantly form the pulmonary ingredient-coated CAN (piCAN) to possess biomimetic features enhancing biocompatibility. In vitro biRBD-CAN sparked APCs (antigen-presenting cells) to mature and make extra reactive oxygen species, engendered lysosome escape effects and enhanced proteasome activities. Through activating the intracellular stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing proteins 3 (NALP3) inflammasome pathways to exert synergy between cGAMP and AN, biRBD-CAN stimulated APCs to secret cytokines favoring mixed Th1/Th2 immunoresponses. Mice bearing twice intrapulmonary biRBD-CAN produced high levels of mucosal antibodies, the long-lasting systemic antibodies, and potent cytotoxic T lymphocytes which efficiently erased cells displaying cognate epitopes. Notably, biRBD-CAN existed in mouse lungs and different lymph nodes for at least 48 h, unveiling their sustained immunostimulatory activity as the main mechanism underlying the long-lasting immunity and memory. Hamsters bearing twice intrapulmonary biRBD-CAN developed high resistance to pseudoviral challenges performed using different recombinant strains including the ones with distinct SARS-CoV-2-spike mutations. Thus, biRBD-CAN as a broad-spectrum pulmonary COVID-19 vaccine candidate may provide a tool for controlling the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Jade Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 41 Hailian East Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222006, China
| | - Chunliu Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, China
| | - Minnan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Plum Hill Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, China
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2
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Cui L, Wang J, Orlando F, Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Bartozzi B, Galeazzi R, Giorgini G, Pesce L, Cardarelli F, Quagliarini E, Renzi S, Xiao S, Pozzi D, Provinciali M, Caracciolo G, Marchini C, Amici A. Enhancing Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Aged Mice with INDUK: A Chimeric DNA Vaccine Encoding the Spike S1-TM Subunits. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:34624-34635. [PMID: 39157118 PMCID: PMC11325517 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Currently available vaccines against COVID-19 showed high efficacy against the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 but progressively lower efficacy against new variants. In response to emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains, we propose chimeric DNA vaccines encoding the spike antigen, including a combination of selected key mutations from different variants of concern. We developed two DNA vaccines, pVAX-S1-TM-D614G and pVAX-S1-TM-INDUK (INDUK), encoding the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike subunit in fusion with the transmembrane region that allows protein trimerization as predicted by in silico analysis. pVAX-S1-TM-D614G included the dominant D614G substitution, while the chimeric vaccine INDUK contained additional selected mutations from the Delta (E484Q and L452R) and Alpha (N501Y and A570D) variants. Considering that aging is a risk factor for severe disease and that suboptimal vaccine responses were observed in older individuals, the immunogenicity of pVAX-S1-TM-D614G and INDUK was tested in both young and aged C57BL/6 mice. Two vaccine doses were able to trigger significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production, showing neutralizing activity. ELISA tests confirmed that antibodies induced by pVAX-S1-TM-D614G and INDUK were able to recognize both Wuhan Spike and Delta variant Spike as trimers, while neutralizing antibodies were detected by an ACE2:SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 inhibitor screening assay, designed to assess the capacity of antibodies to block the interaction between the viral spike S1 protein and the ACE2 receptor. Although antibody titer declined within six months, a third booster dose significantly increased the magnitude of humoral response, even in aged individuals, suggesting that immune recall can improve antibody response durability. The analysis of cellular responses demonstrated that vaccination with INDUK elicited an increase in the percentage of SARS-CoV-2-specific IFN-γ producing T lymphocytes in immunized young mice and TNF-α-producing T lymphocytes in both young and aged mice. These findings not only hold immediate promise for addressing evolving challenges in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination but also open avenues to refine strategies and elevate the effectiveness of next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Cui
- School
of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Junbiao Wang
- School
of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Orlando
- Experimental
Animal Models for Aging Unit, Scientific Technological Area, IRRCS INRCA, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced
Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS
INRCA, 60100Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced
Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS
INRCA, 60100Ancona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bartozzi
- Advanced
Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS
INRCA, 60100Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche
Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giorgini
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche
Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Pesce
- NEST
Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- NEST
Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Erica Quagliarini
- NanoDelivery
Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza
University of Rome, viale
Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Renzi
- NanoDelivery
Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza
University of Rome, viale
Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Siyao Xiao
- NanoDelivery
Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza
University of Rome, viale
Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- NanoDelivery
Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza
University of Rome, viale
Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Experimental
Animal Models for Aging Unit, Scientific Technological Area, IRRCS INRCA, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- NanoDelivery
Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza
University of Rome, viale
Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School
of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- School
of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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3
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Doan TA, Forward TS, Schafer JB, Lucas ED, Fleming I, Uecker-Martin A, Ayala E, Guthmiller JJ, Hesselberth JR, Morrison TE, Tamburini BAJ. Immunization-induced antigen archiving enhances local memory CD8+ T cell responses following an unrelated viral infection. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:66. [PMID: 38514656 PMCID: PMC10957963 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigens from viruses or immunizations can persist or are archived in lymph node stromal cells such as lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC). Here, we find that, during the time frame of antigen archiving, LEC apoptosis caused by a second, but unrelated, innate immune stimulus such as vaccina viral infection or CpG DNA administration resulted in cross-presentation of archived antigens and boosted memory CD8 + T cells specific to the archived antigen. In contrast to "bystander" activation associated with unrelated infections, the memory CD8 + T cells specific to the archived antigen from the immunization were significantly higher than memory CD8 + T cells of a different antigen specificity. Finally, the boosted memory CD8 + T cells resulted in increased protection against Listeria monocytogenes expressing the antigen from the immunization, but only for the duration that the antigen was archived. These findings outline an important mechanism by which lymph node stromal cell archived antigens, in addition to bystander activation, can augment memory CD8 + T cell responses during repeated inflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu A Doan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tadg S Forward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Johnathon B Schafer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erin D Lucas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ira Fleming
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aspen Uecker-Martin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edgardo Ayala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenna J Guthmiller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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4
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Bricio-Moreno L, Barreto de Albuquerque J, Neary JM, Nguyen T, Kuhn LF, Yeung Y, Hastie KM, Landeras-Bueno S, Olmedillas E, Hariharan C, Nathan A, Getz MA, Gayton AC, Khatri A, Gaiha GD, Ollmann Saphire E, Luster AD, Moon JJ. Identification of mouse CD4 + T cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 spike and nucleocapsid for use in peptide:MHCII tetramers. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1329846. [PMID: 38529279 PMCID: PMC10961420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1329846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is a major requisite for the development of effective vaccines and treatments for COVID-19. CD4+ T cells play an integral role in this process primarily by generating antiviral cytokines and providing help to antibody-producing B cells. To empower detailed studies of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell responses in mouse models, we comprehensively mapped I-Ab-restricted epitopes for the spike and nucleocapsid proteins of the BA.1 variant of concern via IFNγ ELISpot assay. This was followed by the generation of corresponding peptide:MHCII tetramer reagents to directly stain epitope-specific T cells. Using this rigorous validation strategy, we identified 6 immunogenic epitopes in spike and 3 in nucleocapsid, all of which are conserved in the ancestral Wuhan strain. We also validated a previously identified epitope from Wuhan that is absent in BA.1. These epitopes and tetramers will be invaluable tools for SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific CD4+ T cell studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bricio-Moreno
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juliana Barreto de Albuquerque
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jake M. Neary
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lucy F. Kuhn
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - YeePui Yeung
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Hastie
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sara Landeras-Bueno
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eduardo Olmedillas
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Chitra Hariharan
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anusha Nathan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew A. Getz
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alton C. Gayton
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ashok Khatri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Endocrine Division, MGH, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gaurav D. Gaiha
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, MGH, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew D. Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James J. Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, MGH, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Moreno LB, de Albuquerque JB, Neary JM, Nguyen T, Hastie KM, Landeras-Bueno S, Hariharan C, Nathan A, Getz MA, Gayton AC, Khatri A, Gaiha GD, Saphire EO, Luster AD, Moon JJ. Identification of mouse CD4 + T cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 spike and nucleocapsid for use in peptide:MHCII tetramers. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.16.566918. [PMID: 38014059 PMCID: PMC10680761 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.566918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is a major requisite for the development of effective vaccines and treatments for COVID-19. CD4+ T cells play an integral role in this process primarily by generating antiviral cytokines and providing help to antibody-producing B cells. To empower detailed studies of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell responses in mouse models, we comprehensively mapped I-Ab-restricted epitopes for the spike and nucleocapsid proteins of the BA.1 variant of concern via IFNγ ELISpot assay. This was followed by the generation of corresponding peptide:MHCII tetramer reagents to directly stain epitope-specific T cells. Using this rigorous validation strategy, we identified 6 reliably immunogenic epitopes in spike and 3 in nucleocapsid, all of which are conserved in the ancestral Wuhan strain. We also validated a previously identified epitope from Wuhan that is absent in BA.1. These epitopes and tetramers will be invaluable tools for SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific CD4+ T cell studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bricio Moreno
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juliana Barreto de Albuquerque
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jake M. Neary
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Hastie
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sara Landeras-Bueno
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Chitra Hariharan
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anusha Nathan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew A. Getz
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alton C. Gayton
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ashok Khatri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gaurav D. Gaiha
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew D. Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James J. Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Li Y, Mo J, Liu J, Liang Y, Deng C, Huang Z, Jiang J, Liu M, Liu X, Shang L, Wang X, Xie X, Wang J. A micro-electroporation/electrophoresis-based vaccine screening system reveals the impact of vaccination orders on cross-protective immunity. iScience 2023; 26:108086. [PMID: 37860767 PMCID: PMC10582514 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant emergence of mutated pathogens poses great challenges to the existing vaccine system. A screening system is needed to screen for antigen designs and vaccination strategies capable of inducing cross-protective immunity. Herein, we report a screening system based on DNA vaccines and a micro-electroporation/electrophoresis system (MEES), which greatly improved the efficacy of DNA vaccines, elevating humoral and cellular immune responses by over 400- and 35-fold respectively. Eighteen vaccination strategies were screened simultaneously by sequential immunization with vaccines derived from wildtype (WT) SARS-CoV-2, Delta, or Omicron BA.1 variant. Sequential vaccination of BA.1-WT-Delta vaccines with MEES induced potent neutralizing antibodies against all three viral strains and BA.5 variant, demonstrating that cross-protective immunity against future mutants can be successfully induced by existing strain-derived vaccines when a proper combination and order of sequential vaccination are used. Our screening system could be used for fast-seeking vaccination strategies for emerging pathogens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jingshan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nephrology, GuangZhou Eighth People′s Hospital, GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiguanxi Deng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Zhangping Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Liru Shang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xiafeng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples Republic of China
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7
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Ivanova DL, Thompson SB, Klarquist J, Harbell MG, Kilgore AM, Lasda EL, Hesselberth JR, Hunter CA, Kedl RM. Vaccine adjuvant-elicited CD8 + T cell immunity is co-dependent on T-bet and FOXO1. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112911. [PMID: 37516968 PMCID: PMC10577800 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T-bet and FOXO1 are transcription factors canonically associated with effector and memory T cell fates, respectively. During an infectious response, these factors direct the development of CD8+ T cell fates, where T-bet deficiency leads to ablation of only short-lived effector cells, while FOXO1 deficiency results in selective loss of memory. In contrast, following adjuvanted subunit vaccination in mice, both effector- and memory-fated T cells are compromised in the absence of either T-bet or FOXO1. Thus, unlike responses to challenge with Listeria monocytogenes, productive CD8+ T cell responses to adjuvanted vaccination require coordinated regulation of FOXO1 and T-bet transcriptional programs. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis confirms simultaneous T-bet, FOXO1, and TCF1 transcriptional activity in vaccine-elicited, but not infection-elicited, T cells undergoing clonal expansion. Collectively, our data show that subunit vaccine adjuvants elicit T cell responses dependent on transcription factors associated with effector and memory cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria L Ivanova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Scott B Thompson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jared Klarquist
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael G Harbell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Augustus M Kilgore
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Erika L Lasda
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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8
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Deliyannis G, Gherardin NA, Wong CY, Grimley SL, Cooney JP, Redmond SJ, Ellenberg P, Davidson KC, Mordant FL, Smith T, Gillard M, Lopez E, McAuley J, Tan CW, Wang JJ, Zeng W, Littlejohn M, Zhou R, Fuk-Woo Chan J, Chen ZW, Hartwig AE, Bowen R, Mackenzie JM, Vincan E, Torresi J, Kedzierska K, Pouton CW, Gordon TP, Wang LF, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK, Lewin SR, Subbarao K, Chung AW, Pellegrini M, Munro T, Nolan T, Rockman S, Jackson DC, Purcell DFJ, Godfrey DI. Broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern mediated by a SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain protein vaccine. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104574. [PMID: 37148585 PMCID: PMC10159263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has fuelled the generation of vaccines at an unprecedented pace and scale. However, many challenges remain, including: the emergence of vaccine-resistant mutant viruses, vaccine stability during storage and transport, waning vaccine-induced immunity, and concerns about infrequent adverse events associated with existing vaccines. METHODS We report on a protein subunit vaccine comprising the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, dimerised with an immunoglobulin IgG1 Fc domain. These were tested in conjunction with three different adjuvants: a TLR2 agonist R4-Pam2Cys, an NKT cell agonist glycolipid α-Galactosylceramide, or MF59® squalene oil-in-water adjuvant, using mice, rats and hamsters. We also developed an RBD-human IgG1 Fc vaccine with an RBD sequence of the immuno-evasive beta variant (N501Y, E484K, K417N). These vaccines were also tested as a heterologous third dose booster in mice, following priming with whole spike vaccine. FINDINGS Each formulation of the RBD-Fc vaccines drove strong neutralising antibody (nAb) responses and provided durable and highly protective immunity against lower and upper airway infection in mouse models of COVID-19. The 'beta variant' RBD vaccine, combined with MF59® adjuvant, induced strong protection in mice against the beta strain as well as the ancestral strain. Furthermore, when used as a heterologous third dose booster, the RBD-Fc vaccines combined with MF59® increased titres of nAb against other variants including alpha, delta, delta+, gamma, lambda, mu, and omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. INTERPRETATION These results demonstrated that an RBD-Fc protein subunit/MF59® adjuvanted vaccine can induce high levels of broadly reactive nAbs, including when used as a booster following prior immunisation of mice with whole ancestral-strain spike vaccines. This vaccine platform offers a potential approach to augment some of the currently approved vaccines in the face of emerging variants of concern, and it has now entered a phase I clinical trial. FUNDING This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) (2005846), The Jack Ma Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC; 1113293) and Singapore National Medical Research Council (MOH-COVID19RF-003). Individual researchers were supported by an NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (1117766), NHMRC Investigator Awards (2008913 and 1173871), Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award (ARC DECRA; DE210100705) and philanthropic awards from IFM investors and the A2 Milk Company.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Deliyannis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Samantha L Grimley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - James P Cooney
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Infectious Diseases & Immune Defence Division, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel J Redmond
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Paula Ellenberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kathryn C Davidson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Infectious Diseases & Immune Defence Division, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tim Smith
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Julie McAuley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Duke NUS Medical School, Programme for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Jing J Wang
- Department of Immunology, Flinders University and SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mason Littlejohn
- Doherty Directorate, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Runhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Airn E Hartwig
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Richard Bowen
- Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Vincan
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL) at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tom P Gordon
- Department of Immunology, Flinders University and SA Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Duke NUS Medical School, Programme for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, 3010 Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Infectious Diseases & Immune Defence Division, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Trent Munro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Department of Infectious Disease, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven Rockman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Seqirus, Vaccine Innovation Unit, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Damian F J Purcell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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9
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Wang Y, Wang B, Zhao Z, Xu J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Chen Y, Song X, Zheng W, Hou L, Wu S, Chen W. Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Spike Mutations on T-Cell Epitopes in Mice. Viruses 2023; 15:763. [PMID: 36992472 PMCID: PMC10056712 DOI: 10.3390/v15030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunity plays an important role in the control of SARS-CoV-2 and has a great cross-protective effect on the variants. The Omicron BA.1 variant contains more than 30 mutations in the spike and severely evades humoral immunity. To understand how Omicron BA.1 spike mutations affect cellular immunity, the T-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Omicron BA.1 spike in BALB/c (H-2d) and C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) were mapped through IFNγ ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining assays. The epitopes were identified and verified in splenocytes from mice vaccinated with the adenovirus type 5 vector encoding the homologous spike, and the positive peptides involved in spike mutations were tested against wide-type and Omicron BA.1 vaccines. A total of eleven T-cell epitopes of wild-type and Omicron BA.1 spike were identified in BALB/c mice, and nine were identified in C57BL/6 mice, only two of which were CD4+ T-cell epitopes and most of which were CD8+ T-cell epitopes. The A67V and Del 69-70 mutations in Omicron BA.1 spike abolished one epitope in wild-type spike, and the T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S and H655Y mutations resulted in three new epitopes in Omicron BA.1 spike, while the Y505H mutation did not affect the epitope. These data describe the difference of T-cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Omicron BA.1 spike in H-2b and H-2d mice, providing a better understanding of the effects of Omicron BA.1 spike mutations on cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shipo Wu
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (W.C.); Tel.: +86-10-66948692 (S.W.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (W.C.); Tel.: +86-10-66948692 (S.W.)
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10
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Kedl RM. An immunological autobiography: my year as a COVID-19 vaccine trial participant. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:80. [PMID: 35851389 PMCID: PMC9293989 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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11
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Raghavan S, Leo MD. Histamine Potentiates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Entry Into Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:872736. [PMID: 35548336 PMCID: PMC9084361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the most serious global health crises in recent history. COVID-19 patient symptoms range from life-threatening to mild and asymptomatic, which presents unique problems in identifying, quarantining, and treating the affected individuals. The emergence of unusual symptoms among survivors, now referred to as “Long COVID”, is concerning, especially since much about the condition and the treatment of it is still relatively unknown. Evidence so far also suggests that some of these symptoms can be attributed to vascular inflammation. Although famotidine, the commonly used histamine H2 receptor (H2R) blocker, was shown to have no antiviral activity, recent reports indicate that it could prevent adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Histamine is a classic proinflammatory mediator, the levels of which increase along with other cytokines during COVID-19 infection. Histamine activates H2R signaling, while famotidine specifically blocks H2R activation. Investigating the effects of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 Receptor-Binding Domain (Spike) on ACE2 expression in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells, we found that the presence of histamine potentiated spike-mediated ACE2 internalization into endothelial cells. This effect was blocked by famotidine, protein kinase A inhibition, or by H2 receptor protein knockdown. Together, these results indicate that histamine and histamine receptor signaling is likely essential for spike protein to induce ACE2 internalization in endothelial cells and cause endothelial dysfunction and that this effect can be blocked by the H2R blocker, famotidine.
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12
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Klarquist J, Cross EW, Thompson SB, Willett B, Aldridge DL, Caffrey-Carr AK, Xu Z, Hunter CA, Getahun A, Kedl RM. B cells promote CD8 T cell primary and memory responses to subunit vaccines. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109591. [PMID: 34433030 PMCID: PMC8456706 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between B cells and CD4 T cells has been carefully studied, revealing a collaborative effort in which B cells promote the activation, differentiation, and expansion of CD4 T cells while the so-called “helper” cells provide signals to B cells, influencing their class switching and fate. Interactions between B cells and CD8 T cells are not as well studied, although CD8 T cells exhibit an accelerated contraction after certain infections in B-cell-deficient mice. Here, we find that B cells significantly enhance primary CD8 T cell responses after vaccination. Moreover, memory CD8 numbers and function are impaired in B-cell-deficient animals, leading to increased susceptibility to bacterial challenge. We also show that interleukin-27 production by B cells contributes to their impact on primary, but not memory, CD8 responses. Better understanding of the interactions between CD8 T cells and B cells may aid in the design of more effective future vaccine strategies. Generating cytotoxic CD8 T cell responses with vaccines can greatly improve their efficacy, but inducing adequate numbers of these cells can be challenging. Klarquist et al. reveal that the magnitude, persistence, and function of CD8 T cell vaccine responses depend on B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Klarquist
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Eric W Cross
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Scott B Thompson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Benjamin Willett
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel L Aldridge
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alayna K Caffrey-Carr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zhenming Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The Joe R. & Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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