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Muchowicz A, Bartoszewicz A, Zaslona Z. The Exploitation of the Glycosylation Pattern in Asthma: How We Alter Ancestral Pathways to Develop New Treatments. Biomolecules 2024; 14:513. [PMID: 38785919 PMCID: PMC11117584 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma has reached epidemic levels, yet progress in developing specific therapies is slow. One of the main reasons for this is the fact that asthma is an umbrella term for various distinct subsets. Due to its high heterogeneity, it is difficult to establish biomarkers for each subset of asthma and to propose endotype-specific treatments. This review focuses on protein glycosylation as a process activated in asthma and ways to utilize it to develop novel biomarkers and treatments. We discuss known and relevant glycoproteins whose functions control disease development. The key role of glycoproteins in processes integral to asthma, such as inflammation, tissue remodeling, and repair, justifies our interest and research in the field of glycobiology. Altering the glycosylation states of proteins contributing to asthma can change the pathological processes that we previously failed to inhibit. Special emphasis is placed on chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1), an enzyme capable of modifying LacNAc- and LacdiNAc-containing glycans. The expression and activity of CHIT1 are induced in human diseased lungs, and its pathological role has been demonstrated by both genetic and pharmacological approaches. We propose that studying the glycosylation pattern and enzymes involved in glycosylation in asthma can help in patient stratification and in developing personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zbigniew Zaslona
- Molecure S.A., Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland; (A.M.); (A.B.)
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2
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Perez-Moreno E, Oyanadel C, de la Peña A, Hernández R, Pérez-Molina F, Metz C, González A, Soza A. Galectins in epithelial-mesenchymal transition: roles and mechanisms contributing to tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer metastasis. Biol Res 2024; 57:14. [PMID: 38570874 PMCID: PMC10993482 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are soluble glycan-binding proteins that interact with a wide range of glycoproteins and glycolipids and modulate a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The expression and subcellular localization of different galectins vary among tissues and cell types and change during processes of tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer where epithelial cells loss differentiation while acquiring migratory mesenchymal phenotypes. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs in the context of these processes can include modifications of glycosylation patterns of glycolipids and glycoproteins affecting their interactions with galectins. Moreover, overexpression of certain galectins has been involved in the development and different outcomes of EMT. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of Galectin-1 (Gal-1), Gal-3, Gal-4, Gal-7 and Gal-8, which have been involved in physiologic and pathogenic EMT contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Perez-Moreno
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Oyanadel
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adely de la Peña
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronny Hernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Pérez-Molina
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Metz
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso González
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile.
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3
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Tučs A, Ito T, Kurumida Y, Kawada S, Nakazawa H, Saito Y, Umetsu M, Tsuda K. Extensive antibody search with whole spectrum black-box optimization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:552. [PMID: 38177656 PMCID: PMC10767033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In designing functional biological sequences with machine learning, the activity predictor tends to be inaccurate due to shortage of data. Top ranked sequences are thus unlikely to contain effective ones. This paper proposes to take prediction stability into account to provide domain experts with a reasonable list of sequences to choose from. In our approach, multiple prediction models are trained by subsampling the training set and the multi-objective optimization problem, where one objective is the average activity and the other is the standard deviation, is solved. The Pareto front represents a list of sequences with the whole spectrum of activity and stability. Using this method, we designed VHH (Variable domain of Heavy chain of Heavy chain) antibodies based on the dataset obtained from deep mutational screening. To solve multi-objective optimization, we employed our sequence design software MOQA that uses quantum annealing. By applying several selection criteria to 19,778 designed sequences, five sequences were selected for wet-lab validation. One sequence, 16 mutations away from the closest training sequence, was successfully expressed and found to possess desired binding specificity. Our whole spectrum approach provides a balanced way of dealing with the prediction uncertainty, and can possibly be applied to extensive search of functional sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrejs Tučs
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ito
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kurumida
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Data Science, School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Sakiya Kawada
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nakazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
- AIST-Waseda University Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Data Science, School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan.
| | - Koji Tsuda
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan.
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan.
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4
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Ahmed R, Anam K, Ahmed H. Development of Galectin-3 Targeting Drugs for Therapeutic Applications in Various Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8116. [PMID: 37175823 PMCID: PMC10179732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal3) is one of the most studied members of the galectin family that mediate various biological processes such as growth regulation, immune function, cancer metastasis, and apoptosis. Since Gal3 is pro-inflammatory, it is involved in many diseases that are associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer, organ fibrosis, and type 2 diabetes. As a multifunctional protein involved in multiple pathways of many diseases, Gal3 has generated significant interest in pharmaceutical industries. As a result, several Gal3-targeting therapeutic drugs are being developed to address unmet medical needs. Based on the PubMed search of Gal3 to date (1987-2023), here, we briefly describe its structure, carbohydrate-binding properties, endogenous ligands, and roles in various diseases. We also discuss its potential antagonists that are currently being investigated clinically or pre-clinically by the public and private companies. The updated knowledge on Gal3 function in various diseases could initiate new clinical or pre-clinical investigations to test therapeutic strategies, and some of these strategies could be successful and recognized as novel therapeutics for unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra Inc., Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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6
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Kapetanakis NI, Busson P. Galectins as pivotal components in oncogenesis and immune exclusion in human malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145268. [PMID: 36817445 PMCID: PMC9935586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are galactoside-binding proteins, exerting numerous functions inside and outside the cell, particularly conferring adaptation to stress factors. For most of them, aberrant expression profiles have been reported in the context of cancer. Albeit not being oncogenic drivers, galectins can be harnessed to exacerbate the malignant phenotype. Their impact on disease establishment and progression is not limited to making cancer cells resistant to apoptosis, but is prominent in the context of the tumor microenvironment, where it fosters angiogenesis, immune escape and exclusion. This review focuses mainly on Gal-1, Gal-3 and Gal-9 for which the involvement in cancer biology is best known. It presents the types of galectin dysregulations, attempts to explain the mechanisms behind them and analyzes the different ways in which they favor tumour growth. In an era where tumour resistance to immunotherapy appears as a major challenge, we highlight the crucial immunosuppressive roles of galectins and the potential therapeutic benefits of combinatorial approaches including galectin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Busson
- Host-Tumor Interactions in Head and Neck Carcinoma: Exploration and Therapeutic Modulations, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche(UMR) 9018 - METabolic and SYstemic aspects of oncogenesis for new therapeutic approaches (METSY), Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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7
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Ito T, Nguyen TD, Saito Y, Kurumida Y, Nakazawa H, Kawada S, Nishi H, Tsuda K, Kameda T, Umetsu M. Selection of target-binding proteins from the information of weakly enriched phage display libraries by deep sequencing and machine learning. MAbs 2023; 15:2168470. [PMID: 36683172 PMCID: PMC9872955 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2168470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in surface-display systems for directed evolution, variants with high affinity are not always enriched due to undesirable biases that increase target-unrelated variants during biopanning. Here, our goal was to design a library containing improved variants from the information of the "weakly enriched" library where functional variants were weakly enriched. Deep sequencing for the previous biopanning result, where no functional antibody mimetics were experimentally identified, revealed that weak enrichment was partly due to undesirable biases during phage infection and amplification steps. The clustering analysis of the deep sequencing data from appropriate steps revealed no distinct sequence patterns, but a Bayesian machine learning model trained with the selected deep sequencing data supplied nine clusters with distinct sequence patterns. Phage libraries were designed on the basis of the sequence patterns identified, and four improved variants with target-specific affinity (EC50 = 80-277 nM) were identified by biopanning. The selection and use of deep sequencing data without undesirable bias enabled us to extract the information on prospective variants. In summary, the use of appropriate deep sequencing data and machine learning with the sequence data has the possibility of finding sequence space where functional variants are enriched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ito
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Thuy Duong Nguyen
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan,AIST-Waseda University Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), Tokyo, Japan,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kurumida
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nakazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sakiya Kawada
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hafumi Nishi
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated Systems, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Kameda
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan,Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan,CONTACT Tomoshi Kameda Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan,Mitsuo Umetsu Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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8
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Mijailović NR, Vesic K, Arsenijevic D, Milojević-Rakić M, Borovcanin MM. Galectin-3 Involvement in Cognitive Processes for New Therapeutic Considerations. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:923811. [PMID: 35875353 PMCID: PMC9296991 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.923811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment may be a consequence of the normal aging process, but it may also be the hallmark of various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Early identification of individuals at particular risk for cognitive decline is critical, as it is imperative to maintain a cognitive reserve in these neuropsychiatric entities. In recent years, galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of the galectin family, has received considerable attention with respect to aspects of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The mechanisms behind the putative relationship between Gal-3 and cognitive impairment are not yet clear. Intrigued by this versatile molecule and its unique modular architecture, the latest data on this relationship are presented here. This mini-review summarizes recent findings on the mechanisms by which Gal-3 affects cognitive functioning in both animal and human models. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of Gal-3 in modulating the inflammatory response as a fine-tuner of microglia morphology and phenotype. A review of recent literature on the utility of Gal-3 as a biomarker is provided, and approaches to strategically exploit Gal-3 activities with therapeutic intentions in neuropsychiatric diseases are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša R. Mijailović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Nataša R. Mijailović,
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Milica M. Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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9
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Heine V, Dey C, Bojarová P, Křen V, Elling L. Methods of in vitro study of galectin-glycomaterial interaction. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 58:107928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Tvaroška I. Glycosyltransferases as targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer and inflammation: molecular modeling insights. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-02026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Videla-Richardson GA, Morris-Hanon O, Torres NI, Esquivel MI, Vera MB, Ripari LB, Croci DO, Sevlever GE, Rabinovich GA. Galectins as Emerging Glyco-Checkpoints and Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010316. [PMID: 35008740 PMCID: PMC8745137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common and aggressive brain tumor in the adult population, urging identification of new rational therapeutic targets. Galectins, a family of glycan-binding proteins, are highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and delineate prognosis and clinical outcome in patients with GBM. These endogenous lectins play key roles in different hallmarks of cancer by modulating tumor cell proliferation, oncogenic signaling, migration, vascularization and immunity. Additionally, they have emerged as mediators of resistance to different anticancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and antiangiogenic therapy. Particularly in GBM, galectins control tumor cell transformation and proliferation, reprogram tumor cell migration and invasion, promote vascularization, modulate cell death pathways, and shape the tumor-immune landscape by targeting myeloid, natural killer (NK), and CD8+ T cell compartments. Here, we discuss the role of galectins, particularly galectin-1, -3, -8, and -9, as emerging glyco-checkpoints that control different mechanisms associated with GBM progression, and discuss possible therapeutic opportunities based on inhibition of galectin-driven circuits, either alone or in combination with other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A. Videla-Richardson
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar B1625, Argentina; (G.A.V.-R.); (O.M.-H.); (M.I.E.); (M.B.V.); (L.B.R.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Olivia Morris-Hanon
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar B1625, Argentina; (G.A.V.-R.); (O.M.-H.); (M.I.E.); (M.B.V.); (L.B.R.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Nicolás I. Torres
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina;
| | - Myrian I. Esquivel
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar B1625, Argentina; (G.A.V.-R.); (O.M.-H.); (M.I.E.); (M.B.V.); (L.B.R.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Mariana B. Vera
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar B1625, Argentina; (G.A.V.-R.); (O.M.-H.); (M.I.E.); (M.B.V.); (L.B.R.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Luisina B. Ripari
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar B1625, Argentina; (G.A.V.-R.); (O.M.-H.); (M.I.E.); (M.B.V.); (L.B.R.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Diego O. Croci
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza C5500, Argentina;
| | - Gustavo E. Sevlever
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada en Neurociencias (LIAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Belén de Escobar B1625, Argentina; (G.A.V.-R.); (O.M.-H.); (M.I.E.); (M.B.V.); (L.B.R.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina;
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-11-4783-2869 (ext. 266)
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12
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Ito T, Nishi H, Kameda T, Yoshida M, Fukazawa R, Kawada S, Nakazawa H, Umetsu M. Combination Informatic and Experimental Approach for Selecting Scaffold Proteins for Development as Antibody Mimetics. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ito
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hafumi Nishi
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Science, Tohoku University, 6-3-09 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8573, Japan
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Kameda
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, 1-4-1 Nihombashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Mayu Yoshida
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Reito Fukazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Sakiya Kawada
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nakazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, 1-4-1 Nihombashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
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13
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Sehrawat S, Kaur M. Galectin-3 as a modifier of anti-microbial immunity: Unraveling the unknowns. Glycobiology 2021; 30:418-426. [PMID: 31985798 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins play diverse roles in pathophysiology of infectious diseases and cancers. Galectin-3 is one of the most studied family member and the only chimeric type lectin. Many aspects of its biogenesis, range of activities, and the disease-modifying potential particularly during microbial infections are yet to be known. We review our current understanding of these issues and also highlight gaps in better defining the immune modulatory potential of galectin-3 during different stages of host responsiveness when an infection sets in. Additionally, we discuss commonly used strategies to disrupt galectin-3 functions both extracellulalry and intracellularly. Existing and improved novel strategies could help fine-tune immune responses to achieve better prognosis of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Sehrawat
- Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar Knowledge City, PO Manauli, Mohali 140306 India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar Knowledge City, PO Manauli, Mohali 140306 India
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14
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St-Gelais J, Denavit V, Giguère D. Efficient synthesis of a galectin inhibitor clinical candidate (TD139) using a Payne rearrangement/azidation reaction cascade. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:3903-3907. [PMID: 32400847 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00910e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective galectin inhibitors are valuable research tools and could also be used as drug candidates. In that context, TD139, a thiodigalactoside galectin-3 inhibitor, is currently being evaluated clinically for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Herein, we describe a new strategy for the preparation of TD139. Starting from inexpensive levoglucosan, we used a rarely employed reaction cascade: Payne rearrangement/azidation process leading to 3-azido-galactopyranose. The latter intermediate was efficiently converted into TD139 in a few simple and practical steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob St-Gelais
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, GlycoNet, Québec City, Qc, Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Vincent Denavit
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, GlycoNet, Québec City, Qc, Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, GlycoNet, Québec City, Qc, Canada G1V 0A6.
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15
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Reprogramming the tumor metastasis cascade by targeting galectin-driven networks. Biochem J 2021; 478:597-617. [PMID: 33600595 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A sequence of interconnected events known as the metastatic cascade promotes tumor progression by regulating cellular and molecular interactions between tumor, stromal, endothelial, and immune cells both locally and systemically. Recently, a new concept has emerged to better describe this process by defining four attributes that metastatic cells should undergo. Every individual hallmark represents a unique trait of a metastatic cell that impacts directly in the outcome of the metastasis process. These critical features, known as the hallmarks of metastasis, include motility and invasion, modulation of the microenvironment, cell plasticity and colonization. They are hierarchically regulated at different levels by several factors, including galectins, a highly conserved family of β-galactoside-binding proteins abundantly expressed in tumor microenvironments and sites of metastasis. In this review, we discuss the role of galectins in modulating each hallmark of metastasis, highlighting novel therapeutic opportunities for treating the metastatic disease.
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16
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Bertuzzi S, Gimeno A, Martinez-Castillo A, Lete MG, Delgado S, Airoldi C, Rodrigues Tavares M, Bláhová M, Chytil P, Křen V, Abrescia NGA, Ardá A, Bojarová P, Jiménez-Barbero J. Cross-Linking Effects Dictate the Preference of Galectins to Bind LacNAc-Decorated HPMA Copolymers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116000. [PMID: 34206141 PMCID: PMC8199549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of multi-LacNAc (Galβ1-4GlcNAc)-containing N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers with human galectin-1 (Gal-1) and the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of human galectin-3 (Gal-3) was analyzed using NMR methods in addition to cryo-electron-microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments. The interaction with individual LacNAc-containing components of the polymer was studied for comparison purposes. For Gal-3 CRD, the NMR data suggest a canonical interaction of the individual small-molecule bi- and trivalent ligands with the lectin binding site and better affinity for the trivalent arrangement due to statistical effects. For the glycopolymers, the interaction was stronger, although no evidence for forming a large supramolecule was obtained. In contrast, for Gal-1, the results indicate the formation of large cross-linked supramolecules in the presence of multivalent LacNAc entities for both the individual building blocks and the polymers. Interestingly, the bivalent and trivalent presentation of LacNAc in the polymer did not produce such an increase, indicating that the multivalency provided by the polymer is sufficient for triggering an efficient binding between the glycopolymer and Gal-1. This hypothesis was further demonstrated by electron microscopy and DLS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bertuzzi
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ane Martinez-Castillo
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Marta G. Lete
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.T.); (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Markéta Bláhová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.T.); (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.R.T.); (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Nicola G. A. Abrescia
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nám. Sítná, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (J.J.-B.)
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.B.); (A.G.); (A.M.-C.); (M.G.L.); (S.D.); (N.G.A.A.); (A.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.B.); (J.J.-B.)
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17
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Sethi A, Sanam S, Alvala R, Alvala M. An updated patent review of galectin-1 and galectin-3 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:709-721. [PMID: 33749494 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1903430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galectins are ubiquitous in nature. They have established themselves as a protein family of high therapeutic potential and play a role in a wide variety of diseases like cancer, fibrosis, and Alzheimer's. Within the galectin family, galectin- 1 and galectin- 3 have been widely studied and their roles and functions have now been well established. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the important advancements in the development of galectin-1 & 3 inhibitors. All patents filed detailing the divergent strategies to inhibit galectin-1 & 3 from 2016 to present have been covered and discussed. EXPERT OPINION Over the past couple of decades, distinct galectin inhibitors have been synthesized, reported and studied. Among all, the mono and disaccharide-based antagonists have been found to be considerably successful. However, the cumbersome synthetic route followed to develop this class of inhibitors, in addition to complexity involved in making selective modifications within these molecules has posed a significant challenge. Recently, there have been numerous reports on heterocyclic-based galectin inhibitors. If these are established as potent galectin inhibitors, their ease of synthesis and tunability could overcome the potential drawbacks of carbohydrate-based inhibitors and could thus be exploited to develop efficient and highly specific galectin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaftaab Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Swetha Sanam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Ravi Alvala
- G Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India.,Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, India
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18
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Quintana JI, Delgado S, Núñez-Franco R, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Osés G, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A. Galectin-4 N-Terminal Domain: Binding Preferences Toward A and B Antigens With Different Peripheral Core Presentations. Front Chem 2021; 9:664097. [PMID: 33968903 PMCID: PMC8097242 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.664097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The tandem-repeat Galectin-4 (Gal-4) contains two different domains covalently linked through a short flexible peptide. Both domains have been shown to bind preferentially to A and B histo blood group antigens with different affinities, although the binding details are not yet available. The biological relevance of these associations is unknown, although it could be related to its attributed role in pathogen recognition. The presentation of A and B histo blood group antigens in terms of peripheral core structures differs among tissues and from that of the antigen-mimicking structures produced by pathogens. Herein, the binding of the N-terminal domain of Gal-4 toward a group of differently presented A and B oligosaccharide antigens in solution has been studied through a combination of NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular modeling. The data presented in this paper allow the identification of the specific effects that subtle chemical modifications within this antigenic family have in the binding to the N-terminal domain of Gal-4 in terms of affinity and intermolecular interactions, providing a structural-based rationale for the observed trend in the binding preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Quintana
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Reyes Núñez-Franco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Avda, Monforte de Lemos, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry ll, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,lkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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19
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Pfeifer L, Baumann A, Petersen LM, Höger B, Beitz E, Classen B. Degraded Arabinogalactans and Their Binding Properties to Cancer-Associated Human Galectins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084058. [PMID: 33920014 PMCID: PMC8071012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins represent β-galactoside-binding proteins with numerous functions. Due to their role in tumor progression, human galectins-1, -3 and -7 (Gal-1, -3 and -7) are potential targets for cancer therapy. As plant derived glycans might act as galectin inhibitors, we prepared galactans by partial degradation of plant arabinogalactan-proteins. Besides commercially purchased galectins, we produced Gal-1 and -7 in a cell free system and tested binding capacities of the galectins to the galactans by biolayer-interferometry. Results for commercial and cell-free expressed galectins were comparable confirming functionality of the cell-free produced galectins. Our results revealed that galactans from Echinacea purpurea bind to Gal-1 and -7 with KD values of 1–2 µM and to Gal-3 slightly stronger with KD values between 0.36 and 0.70 µM depending on the sensor type. Galactans from the seagrass Zostera marina with higher branching of the galactan and higher content of uronic acids showed stronger binding to Gal-3 (0.08–0.28 µM) compared to galactan from Echinacea. The results contribute to knowledge on interactions between plant polysaccharides and galectins. Arabinogalactan-proteins have been identified as a new source for production of galactans with possible capability to act as galectin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander Baumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (L.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Lea Madlen Petersen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (L.M.P.); (B.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Bastian Höger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (L.M.P.); (B.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Eric Beitz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (L.M.P.); (B.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Birgit Classen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (L.P.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-8801130
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20
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Rahimian R, Béland LC, Sato S, Kriz J. Microglia-derived galectin-3 in neuroinflammation; a bittersweet ligand? Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2582-2589. [PMID: 33733487 DOI: 10.1002/med.21784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins found in all multicellular organisms. Galectins may act as danger-associated molecular patterns in innate immunity and/or as pattern-recognition receptors that bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Among different galectin family members, galectin-3 has been the focus of studies in neurodegenerative diseases in recent years. This lectin modulates brain innate immune responses, microglia activation patterns in physiological and pathophysiological settings in a context-dependent manner. Galectin-3 is considered as a pivotal tuner of macrophage and microglial activity. Indeed galectin-3 acts as a double edged sword in neuroinflammatory context and this multimodal lectin has diverse roles in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Better understanding of galectin-3 physiology (its extracellular and intracellular actions) and structure (its C terminus vs. N terminus) is instrumental to design molecules that selectively modulate galectin-3 function toward neuroprotective phenotypes. Several experimental studies using different approaches and methods have demonstrated both protective and deleterious effects of galectin-3 in neuroinflammatory diseases. According to the crucial role of galectin-3 in modulation of innate immune response in brain, it is an attractive target in drug discovery of neurodegenerative diseases. The current insight attempts to provide an updated and balanced discussion on the role of galectin-3 as a complex endogenous immune modulator. This helps to have a better insight into the development of galectin-3 modulators with translational value in different neurological disorders including stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahimian
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sachiko Sato
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Smith BAH, Bertozzi CR. The clinical impact of glycobiology: targeting selectins, Siglecs and mammalian glycans. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:217-243. [PMID: 33462432 PMCID: PMC7812346 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates - namely glycans - decorate every cell in the human body and most secreted proteins. Advances in genomics, glycoproteomics and tools from chemical biology have made glycobiology more tractable and understandable. Dysregulated glycosylation plays a major role in disease processes from immune evasion to cognition, sparking research that aims to target glycans for therapeutic benefit. The field is now poised for a boom in drug development. As a harbinger of this activity, glycobiology has already produced several drugs that have improved human health or are currently being translated to the clinic. Focusing on three areas - selectins, Siglecs and glycan-targeted antibodies - this Review aims to tell the stories behind therapies inspired by glycans and to outline how the lessons learned from these approaches are paving the way for future glycobiology-focused therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A H Smith
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology and ChEM-H, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology and ChEM-H, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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22
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Miller MC, Zheng Y, Suylen D, Ippel H, Cañada FJ, Berbís MA, Jiménez-Barbero J, Tai G, Gabius HJ, Mayo KH. Targeting the CRD F-face of Human Galectin-3 and Allosterically Modulating Glycan Binding by Angiostatic PTX008 and a Structurally Optimized Derivative. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:713-723. [PMID: 33156953 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Calix[4]arene PTX008 is an angiostatic agent that inhibits tumor growth in mice by binding to galectin-1, a β-galactoside-binding lectin. To assess the affinity profile of PTX008 for galectins, we used 15 N,1 H HSQC NMR spectroscopy to show that PTX008 also binds to galectin-3 (Gal-3), albeit more weakly. We identified the contact site for PTX008 on the F-face of the Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain. STD NMR revealed that the hydrophobic phenyl ring crown of the calixarene is the binding epitope. With this information, we performed molecular modeling of the complex to assist in improving the rather low affinity of PTX008 for Gal-3. By removing the N-dimethyl alkyl chain amide groups, we produced PTX013 whose reduced alkyl chain length and polar character led to an approximately eightfold stronger binding than PTX008. PTX013 also binds Gal-1 more strongly than PTX008, whereas neither interacts strongly, if at all, with Gal-7. In addition, PTX013, like PTX008, is an allosteric inhibitor of galectin binding to the canonical ligand lactose. This study broadens the scope for galectin targeting by calixarene-based compounds and opens the perspective for selective galectin blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dennis Suylen
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Javier Cañada
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Alvaro Berbís
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- NMR and Molecular Recognition Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 28009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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23
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Richards SJ, Keenan T, Vendeville JB, Wheatley DE, Chidwick H, Budhadev D, Council CE, Webster CS, Ledru H, Baker AN, Walker M, Galan MC, Linclau B, Fascione MA, Gibson MI. Introducing affinity and selectivity into galectin-targeting nanoparticles with fluorinated glycan ligands. Chem Sci 2020; 12:905-910. [PMID: 34163856 PMCID: PMC8179109 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05360k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, galectins display broad affinity towards β-galactosides meaning glycan-based (nano)biosensors lack the required selectivity and affinity. Using a polymer-stabilized nanoparticle biosensing platform, we herein demonstrate that the specificity of immobilised lacto-N-biose towards galectins can be 'turned on/off' by using site-specific glycan fluorination and in some cases reversal of specificity can be achieved. The panel of fluoro-glycans were obtained by a chemoenzymatic approach, exploiting BiGalK and BiGalHexNAcP enzymes from Bifidobacterium infantis which are shown to tolerate fluorinated glycans, introducing structural diversity which would be very laborious by chemical methods alone. These results demonstrate that integrating non-natural, fluorinated glycans into nanomaterials can encode unprecedented selectivity with potential applications in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tessa Keenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | | | - David E Wheatley
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO171BJ UK
| | - Harriet Chidwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Darshita Budhadev
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Claire E Council
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO171BJ UK
| | - Claire S Webster
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Helene Ledru
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO171BJ UK
| | - Martin A Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
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24
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Bertuzzi S, Quintana JI, Ardá A, Gimeno A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Targeting Galectins With Glycomimetics. Front Chem 2020; 8:593. [PMID: 32850631 PMCID: PMC7426508 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among glycan-binding proteins, galectins, β-galactoside-binding lectins, exhibit relevant biological roles and are implicated in many diseases, such as cancer and inflammation. Their involvement in crucial pathologies makes them interesting targets for drug discovery. In this review, we gather the last approaches toward the specific design of glycomimetics as potential drugs against galectins. Different approaches, either using specific glycomimetic molecules decorated with key functional groups or employing multivalent presentations of lactose and N-acetyl lactosamine analogs, have provided promising results for binding and modulating different galectins. The review highlights the results obtained with these approximations, from the employment of S-glycosyl compounds to peptidomimetics and multivalent glycopolymers, mostly employed to recognize and/or detect hGal-1 and hGal-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bertuzzi
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Jon I Quintana
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country - UPV-EHU, Leioa, Spain
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25
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Filipová M, Bojarová P, Rodrigues Tavares M, Bumba L, Elling L, Chytil P, Gunár K, Křen V, Etrych T, Janoušková O. Glycopolymers for Efficient Inhibition of Galectin-3: In Vitro Proof of Efficacy Using Suppression of T Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Tumor Cell Migration. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3122-3133. [PMID: 32697592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient galectin-3 (Gal-3) inhibitors draws attention in the field of anti-cancer therapy, especially due to the prominent role of extra- and intracellular Gal-3 in vital processes of cancerogenesis, such as immunosuppression, stimulation of tumor cells proliferation, survival, invasion, apoptotic resistance, and metastasis formation and progression. Here, by combining poly-LacNAc (Galβ4GlcNAc)-derived oligosaccharides with N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers, we synthesized multivalent glycopolymer inhibitors with a high potential to target extracellular and intracellular Gal-3. The inhibitory capabilities of the best conjugate in the studied series were in the nanomolar range proving the excellent Gal-3 inhibitory potential. Moreover, thorough investigation of the inhibitory effect in the biological conditions showed that the glycopolymers strongly inhibited Gal-3-induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes and suppressed migration and spreading of colorectal, breast, melanoma, and prostate cancer cells. In sum, the strong inhibitory activity toward Gal-3, combined with favorable pharmacokinetics of HPMA copolymers ensuring enhanced tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, nominate the glycopolymers containing LacdiNAc-LacNAc (GalNAcβ4GlcNAcβ3Galβ4GlcNAc) tetrasaccharide as promising tools for preclinical in anti-cancer therapy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Filipová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic.,Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sítná Sq. 3105, CZ-27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Rodrigues Tavares
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Elling
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 20, D-52079 Aachen, Germany
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Gunár
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, CZ-16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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26
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Plant-derived saccharides and their inhibitory potential on metastasis associated cellular processes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Carbohydr Res 2019; 490:107903. [PMID: 32171073 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study intends to investigate the inhibitory potential of different plant derived saccharides on cell migration and adhesion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells to microvascular liver endothelium, particularly considering the role of transmembranous galectin-3. PDAC cell lines PancTu1 and Panc1 were characterized by considerable (transmembranous) galectin-3 (Gal3) expression. SiRNA mediated Gal3 knockdown as well as treatment with differentially processed pectins and arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) did not impact on cell migration of either PDAC cell line. In contrast, Gal3 knockdown reduced adhesion of PDAC cells to the liver endothelial cell line TMNK-1 being more pronounced in Panc1 cells. Similarly, plant derived substances did not impact cell adhesion of PancTu1 cells while partially hydrolyzed citrus pectin (MCP), pectinase-treated MCP (MCPPec) and partially hydrolized AGP (AGPTFA) clearly diminished adhesive properties of Panc1 cells. MCPPec or AGPTFA could not further intensify the adhesion reducing effect of galectin-3 knockdown, indicating that these plant derived polysaccharides are able to inhibit PDAC cell adhesion to liver endothelial cells in a galectin-3 dependent manner. Overall, these data suggest an inhibitory potential of plant derived processed saccharides which have undergone chemical modification in impairing PDAC cell adhesion to liver endothelium.
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27
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Romero A, Gabius HJ. Galectin-3: is this member of a large family of multifunctional lectins (already) a therapeutic target? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:819-828. [PMID: 31575307 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1675638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The discoveries that sugars are a highly versatile platform to generate biochemical messages and that glycan-specific receptors (lectins) are a link between these signals and their bioactivity explain the interest in endogenous lectins such as galectins. Their analysis is a highly dynamic field. It is often referred to as being promising for innovative drug design. Area covered: We present a primer to the concept of the sugar code by glycan-(ga)lectin recognition, followed by a survey on galectin-3 (considering common and distinct features within this family of multifunctional proteins expressed at various cellular sites and cell types). Finally, we discuss strategies capable of blocking (ga)lectin activity, with an eye on current challenges and inherent obstacles. Expert opinion: The emerging broad profile of homeostatic and pathophysiological bioactivities stimulates further efforts to explore galectin (Gal-3) functionality, alone and then in mixtures. Like thoroughly assessing the pros and cons of blocking approaches for a multifunctional protein active at different sites, identifying a clinical situation, in which the galectin is essential in the disease process, will be critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Romero
- Structural and Chemistry Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), CSIC , Madrid , Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
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28
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Araújo JRC, Coelho CB, Campos AR, de Azevedo Moreira R, de Oliveira Monteiro-Moreira AC. Animal Galectins and Plant Lectins as Tools for Studies in Neurosciences. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 18:202-215. [PMID: 31622208 PMCID: PMC7327950 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191016092221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of non-immunological origin capable of reversibly and specifically binding to glycoconjugates. They exist in free form or associated with cells and are widely distributed in nature, being found in plants, microorganisms, and animals. Due to their characteristics and mainly due to the possibility of reversible binding to glycoconjugates, lectins have stood out as important tools in research involving Neurobiology. These proteins have the ability to modulate molecular targets in the central nervous system (CNS) which may be involved with neuroplasticity, neurobehavioral effects, and neuroprotection. The present report integrates existing information on the activity of animal and plant lectins in different areas of Neuroscience, presenting perspectives to direct new research on lectin function in the CNS, providing alternatives for understanding neurological diseases such as mental disorders, neurodegenerative, and neuro-oncological diseases, and for the development of new drugs, diagnoses and therapies in the field of Neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cauê Barbosa Coelho
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencia e Tecnologia Ambiental para o Semiarido (PPGCTAS), State University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Adriana Rolim Campos
- Experimental Biology Centre (NUBEX), University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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29
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Valverde P, Ardá A, Reichardt NC, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gimeno A. Glycans in drug discovery. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1678-1691. [PMID: 31814952 PMCID: PMC6839814 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00292h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are key players in many biological processes. They are essential for protein folding and stability and act as recognition elements in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Thus, being at the heart of medically relevant biological processes, glycans have come onto the scene and are considered hot spots for biomedical intervention. The progress in biophysical techniques allowing access to an increasing molecular and structural understanding of these processes has led to the development of effective therapeutics. Indeed, strategies aimed at designing glycomimetics able to block specific lectin-carbohydrate interactions, carbohydrate-based vaccines mimicking self- and non-self-antigens as well as the exploitation of the therapeutic potential of glycosylated antibodies are being pursued. In this mini-review the most prominent contributions concerning recurrent diseases are highlighted, including bacterial and viral infections, cancer or immune-related pathologies, which certainly show the great promise of carbohydrates in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE , Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 , 48162 Derio , Bizkaia , Spain .
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE , Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 , 48162 Derio , Bizkaia , Spain .
| | | | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE , Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 , 48162 Derio , Bizkaia , Spain .
- Ikerbasque , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Bizkaia , Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II , University of the Basque Country , UPV/EHU , 48940 Leioa , Bizkaia , Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE , Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 , 48162 Derio , Bizkaia , Spain .
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30
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Gimeno A, Delgado S, Valverde P, Bertuzzi S, Berbís MA, Echavarren J, Lacetera A, Martín‐Santamaría S, Surolia A, Cañada FJ, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Ardá A. Minimizing the Entropy Penalty for Ligand Binding: Lessons from the Molecular Recognition of the Histo Blood‐Group Antigens by Human Galectin‐3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
| | - Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
| | - Sara Bertuzzi
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
| | | | - Javier Echavarren
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alessandra Lacetera
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jesus Jiménez‐Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for Science Maria Diaz de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Bizkaia Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV Leioa Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 48160 Derio Bizkaia Spain
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31
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Gimeno A, Delgado S, Valverde P, Bertuzzi S, Berbís MA, Echavarren J, Lacetera A, Martín-Santamaría S, Surolia A, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A. Minimizing the Entropy Penalty for Ligand Binding: Lessons from the Molecular Recognition of the Histo Blood-Group Antigens by Human Galectin-3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7268-7272. [PMID: 30942512 PMCID: PMC6619289 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ligand conformational entropy plays an important role in carbohydrate recognition events. Glycans are characterized by intrinsic flexibility around the glycosidic linkages, thus in most cases, loss of conformational entropy of the sugar upon complex formation strongly affects the entropy of the binding process. By employing a multidisciplinary approach combining structural, conformational, binding energy, and kinetic information, we investigated the role of conformational entropy in the recognition of the histo blood‐group antigens A and B by human galectin‐3, a lectin of biomedical interest. We show that these rigid natural antigens are pre‐organized ligands for hGal‐3, and that restriction of the conformational flexibility by the branched fucose (Fuc) residue modulates the thermodynamics and kinetics of the binding process. These results highlight the importance of glycan flexibility and provide inspiration for the design of high‐affinity ligands as antagonists for lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sara Bertuzzi
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Manuel Alvaro Berbís
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Echavarren
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra Lacetera
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jesus Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, II Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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32
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Santarsia S, Grosso AS, Trovão F, Jiménez-Barbero J, Carvalho AL, Nativi C, Marcelo F. Molecular Recognition of a Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen Mimetic Targeting Human Galectin-3. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2030-2036. [PMID: 30094951 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen in cell membrane proteins occurs in 90 % of adenocarcinomas. Additionally, the binding of the TF antigen to human galectin-3 (Gal-3), also frequently overexpressed in malignancy, promotes cancer progression and metastasis. In this context, structures that interfere with this specific interaction have the potential to prevent cancer metastasis. A multidisciplinary approach combining the optimized synthesis of a TF antigen mimetic with NMR, X-ray crystallography methods, and isothermal titration calorimetry assays was used to unravel the molecular structural details that govern the Gal-3/TF mimetic interaction. The TF mimetic has a binding affinity for Gal-3 similar to that of the TF natural antigen and retains the binding epitope and bioactive conformation observed for the native antigen. Furthermore, from a thermodynamic perspective, a decrease in the enthalpic contribution was observed for the Gal-3/TF mimetic complex; however, this behavior is compensated by a favorable gain in entropy. From a structural perspective, these results establish our TF mimetic as a scaffold to design multivalent solutions to potentially interfere with Gal-3 aberrant interactions and for likely use in hampering Gal-3-mediated cancer cell adhesion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Santarsia
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 13-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ana Sofia Grosso
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filipa Trovão
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC-bioGUNE Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48005, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, EHU-UPV, 48040, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 13-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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33
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Iwaki J, Hirabayashi J. Carbohydrate-Binding Specificity of Human Galectins: An Overview by Frontal Affinity Chromatography. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1728.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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34
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Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are involved in many physiological functions, such as inflammation, immune responses, cell migration, autophagy and signalling. They are also linked to diseases such as fibrosis, cancer and heart disease. How such a small family of only 15 members can have such widespread effects remains a conundrum. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we summarise recent literature on the many cellular activities that have been ascribed to galectins. As shown on the accompanying poster, these include carbohydrate-independent interactions with cytosolic or nuclear targets and carbohydrate-dependent interactions with extracellular glycoconjugates. We discuss how these intra- and extracellular activities might be linked and point out the importance of unravelling molecular mechanisms of galectin function to gain a true understanding of their contributions to the physiology of the cell. We close with a short outlook on the organismal functions of galectins and a perspective on the major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Cellular and Chemical Biology unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Institut für Zytobiologie, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Sect. MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Dept Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, POB 117, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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