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Sahota JS, Guleria K, Sambyal V. XRCC1 Polymorphisms p.Arg194Trp, p.Arg280His, and p.Arg399Gln, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Infertility: A Case-Control and In Silico Study. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10743-3. [PMID: 38514504 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
XRCC1 is involved in repair of single-strand breaks generated by mutagenic exposure. Polymorphisms within XRCC1 affect its ability to efficiently repair DNA damage. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs are genotoxic compounds which form bulky DNA adducts that are linked with infertility. Few reports suggest combined role of XRCC1 polymorphisms and PAHs in infertility. Present study investigates association of three XRCC1 polymorphisms (p.Arg194Trp, p.Arg280His, p.Arg399Gln) with male and female infertility in a North-West Indian population using case-control approach. Additionally, in silico approach has been used to predict whether XRCC1 polymorphisms effect interaction of XRCC1 with different PAHs. For case-control study, XRCC1 polymorphisms were screened in peripheral blood samples of age- and gender-matched 201 infertile cases (♂-100, ♀-101) and 201 fertile controls (♂-100, ♀-101) using PCR-RFLP method. For in silico study, AutoDock v4.2.6 was used for molecular docking of B[a]P, BPDE-I, ( ±)-anti-BPDE, DB[a,l]P, 1-N, 2-N, 1-OHP, 2-OHF with XRCC1 and assess effect of XRCC1 polymorphisms on their interaction. In case-control study, statistical analysis showed association of XRCC1 p.Arg280His GA genotype (p = 0.027), A allele (p = 0.019) with reduced risk of male infertility. XRCC1 p.Arg399Gln AA genotype (p = 0.021), A allele (p = 0.014) were associated with reduced risk for female primary infertility. XRCC1 p.Arg194Trp T allele was associated with increased risk for female infertility (p = 0.035). In silico analysis showed XRCC1-PAH interaction with non-significant effect of XRCC1 polymorphisms on predicted binding. Therefore, present study concludes that XRCC1 polymorphism-modified risk for male and female infertility in North-West Indians without significant effect on predicted XRCC1-PAH interactions. This is the first report on XRCC1 in female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh Sahota
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kamlesh Guleria
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vasudha Sambyal
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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2
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Lama J, Srivastav S, Tasnim S, Hubbard D, Hadjipanteli S, Smith BR, Macdonald SJ, Green L, Kelleher ES. Genetic variation in P-element dysgenic sterility is associated with double-strand break repair and alternative splicing of TE transcripts. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010080. [PMID: 36477699 PMCID: PMC9762592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The germline mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) by small RNA mediated silencing pathways is conserved across eukaryotes and critical for ensuring the integrity of gamete genomes. However, genomes are recurrently invaded by novel TEs through horizontal transfer. These invading TEs are not targeted by host small RNAs, and their unregulated activity can cause DNA damage in germline cells and ultimately lead to sterility. Here we use hybrid dysgenesis-a sterility syndrome of Drosophila caused by transposition of invading P-element DNA transposons-to uncover host genetic variants that modulate dysgenic sterility. Using a panel of highly recombinant inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster, we identified two linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) that determine the severity of dysgenic sterility in young and old females, respectively. We show that ovaries of fertile genotypes exhibit increased expression of splicing factors that suppress the production of transposase encoding transcripts, which likely reduces the transposition rate and associated DNA damage. We also show that fertile alleles are associated with decreased sensitivity to double-stranded breaks and enhanced DNA repair, explaining their ability to withstand high germline transposition rates. Together, our work reveals a diversity of mechanisms whereby host genotype modulates the cost of an invading TE, and points to genetic variants that were likely beneficial during the P-element invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Lama
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Satyam Srivastav
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sadia Tasnim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donald Hubbard
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Savana Hadjipanteli
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brittny R. Smith
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Stuart J. Macdonald
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Llewellyn Green
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erin S. Kelleher
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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3
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Wang Z, He S, Jiang M, Li X, Chen N. Mechanism Study on Radiosensitization Effect of Curcumin in Bladder Cancer Cells Regulated by Filamin A. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221100997. [PMID: 35677349 PMCID: PMC9168873 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the radiosensitization effect of curcumin, a natural product with
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, in bladder cancer cells and identify the
specific role of FLNA gene in that process. Methods CCK-8 method was initially adopted to identify the proper interventional concentration
of curcumin. T24 bladder cancer cells were subjected to CCK-8, flow cytometry, and
colony formation assay to study the cell biological behaviors under different
interventions. γ-H2AX test was performed to test the level of damage in T24 cells.
RT-qPCR and Western blot were conducted to measure FLNA mRNA and protein levels. Results Low-dose curcumin (10, 20 μM) following X-ray exposure resulted in increased DNA
damage, augmented apoptosis, and reduced proliferation of T24 cells. Certain
radiosensitization was demonstrated when curcumin was applied at 10 μM. Additionally,
elevation of FLNA gene and protein levels was also indicated upon combination
treatment. Conclusion Low-dose curcumin has certain radiosensitization effect in bladder cancer, where FLNA
plays a certain regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfan Wang
- Soochow University Affiliated Suzhou Ninth Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minjun Jiang
- Soochow University Affiliated Suzhou Ninth Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Soochow University Affiliated Suzhou Ninth Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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4
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Abbas M, Kushwaha VS, Srivastava K, Banerjee M. Understanding Role of DNA Repair and Cytochrome p-450 Gene Polymorphisms in Cervical Cancer Patient Treated With Concomitant Chemoradiation. Br J Biomed Sci 2022; 79:10120. [PMID: 35996502 PMCID: PMC8915685 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2021.10120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Evidences suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be considered as potential biomarkers for disease progression and therapeutic response in cervical cancer. The present study investigated the association of CYP1A1 T>C (rs4646903), CYP1A1 A>G (rs1048943), CYP2E1 T>A (rs6413432), RAD51 G>C (rs1801320), XRCC1 G>A (rs25487), XRCC2 G>A (rs3218536) and XRCC3 C>T (rs861539) polymorphisms with treatment outcome of cisplatin based chemoradiation (CRT). Methods: Total 227 cervical cancer cases, treated with the same chemoradiotherapy regimen were selected for the study. Genotyping analysis was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). Treatment response was evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Association of all clinical data (responses, recurrence and survival of patients) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was analysed by using SPSS (version 21.0). Results: Patients with TA/AA genotype of CYP2E1 T>A polymorphism showed significantly poor response while those with GC/CC genotype of RAD51 G>C showed better response (p = 0.008, p = 0.014 respectively). Death was significantly higher in patients with GG genotypes of RAD51 G>C and XRCC1 G>A (p = 0.006, p = 0.002 respectively). Women with GC+CC genotype of RAD51 G>C and AG+GG of XRCC1 showed better survival and also reduced risk of death (HR = 0.489, p = 0.008; HR = 0.484, p = 0.003 respectively). Conclusion: Results suggested that CYP2E1 T>A (rs6413432), RAD51 G>C (rs1801320), and XRCC1 G>A (rs25487) polymorphisms may be used as predictive markers for clinical outcomes in cervical cancer patients undergoing cisplatin based concomitant chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abbas
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
- Department of Personalized and Molecular Medicine, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Kirti Srivastava
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Monisha Banerjee, ,
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Soylemez E, Ozcagli E, Korkmaz S, Tok OE, Aydin MS, Omurtag GZ. The modulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage to radiology technicians by repair enzymes XRCC1 and XRCC3 The association of oxidative stress and DNA damage with XRCC1 and XRCC3 polymorphisms in radiology technicians. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:70-79. [PMID: 35191782 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211062680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has widespread use in medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of many medical conditions. Radiology technicians are one group that is occupationally exposed to low doses of radiation. There are questions regarding whether low dose exposure to radiation could have long-term health consequences. Assessing the effect of radiation on genetic material is essential for appraising long-term health results. Hereditary variations in DNA repair genes cause differentiation in individual responses to radiation related health effects. This study aimed to determine oxidative stress and DNA damage, and their relationship to XRCC1 (Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) polymorphisms in radiology technicians occupationally exposed to low dose radiation. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 45 radiology technicians and age-matched with 40 healthy control individuals working in office environments. Our results showed that radiology technicians had significantly greater oxidative stress and DNA damage than the control group, and women appeared more susceptible to occupational radiation exposure than men. Individuals with wild-type genotypes for XRCC1 (Arg/Arg) and XRCC3 (Thr/Thr) had less DNA damage. Lower DNA damage levels could be explained by the enhanced capacity to repair low dose radiation induced DNA damage. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of DNA repair genes in individuals that are occupationally exposed to low dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Soylemez
- Department of Pharmacology, 498029Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 369917İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serol Korkmaz
- Department of Virology, 498029Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Olgu Enis Tok
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, 218502İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Aydin
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center, 472602İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulden Zehra Omurtag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 218502İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Liu Y, Zheng C, Huang Y, He M, Xu WW, Li B. Molecular mechanisms of chemo- and radiotherapy resistance and the potential implications for cancer treatment. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:315-340. [PMID: 34766149 PMCID: PMC8554658 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Surgery is the primary treatment approach for cancer, but the survival rate is very low due to the rapid progression of the disease and presence of local and distant metastasis at diagnosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are important components of the multidisciplinary approaches for cancer treatment. However, resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy may result in treatment failure or even cancer recurrence. Radioresistance in cancer is often caused by the repair response to radiation-induced DNA damage, cell cycle dysregulation, cancer stem cells (CSCs) resilience, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Understanding the molecular alterations that lead to radioresistance may provide new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to improve radiotherapy efficacy. Patients who develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs cannot benefit from the cytotoxicity induced by the prescribed drug and will likely have a poor outcome with these treatments. Chemotherapy often shows a low response rate due to various drug resistance mechanisms. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of radioresistance and chemoresistance in cancer and discusses recent developments in therapeutic strategies targeting chemoradiotherapy resistance to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Can‐Can Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Yun‐Na Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering MedicineNational Engineering Research Center of Genetic MedicineInstitute of BiomedicineCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ming‐Liang He
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering MedicineNational Engineering Research Center of Genetic MedicineInstitute of BiomedicineCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesInstitute of Life and Health EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
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7
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Petrović N, Stanojković TP, Nikitović M. MicroRNAs in prostate cancer following radiotherapy: Towards predicting response to radiation treatment. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1543-1560. [PMID: 34348602 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210804085135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed male cancer worldwide. Early diagnosis of PCa, response to therapy and prognosis still represent a challenge. Nearly 60% of PCa patients undergo radiation therapy (RT) which might cause side effects. In spite of numerous researches in this field, predictive biomarkers for radiation toxicity are still not elucidated. MicroRNAs as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression are shown to be changed during and after irradiation. Manipulation with miRNA levels might be used to modulate response to RT-to reverse radioresistance-to induce radiosensitivity, or if needed, to reduce sensitivity to treatment to avoid side effects. In this review we have listed and described miRNAs involved in response to RT in PCa, and highlighted potential candidates for future biological tests predicting radiation response to RT, with the special focus on side effects of RT. Individual radiation response is a result of the interactions between physical characteristics of radiation treatment and biological background of each patient, and miRNA expression changes among others. According to described literature we concluded that let-7, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-146a, miR-155, and members of miR-17/92 cluster might be promising candidates for biological tests predicting radiosensitivity of PCa patients undergoing radiation treatment, and as future agents for modulation of radiation response. Predictive miRNA panels, especially for acute and late side effects of RT can serve as a starting point for decisions for individualized RT planning. We believe that this review might be one step closer to understanding molecular mechanisms underlying individual radiation response of patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Petrović
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Health and Environment, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade. Serbia
| | - Tatjana P Stanojković
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade. Serbia
| | - Marina Nikitović
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade. Serbia
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8
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Shelke S, Das B. Radio-adaptive response and correlation of non-homologous end joining repair gene polymorphisms [XRRC5 (3R/2R/1R/0R), XRCC6(C/G) and XRCC7 (G/T)] in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to gamma radiation. Genes Environ 2021; 43:9. [PMID: 33685509 PMCID: PMC7938547 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radio-adaptive response (RAR) is transient phenomena, where cells conditioned with a small dose (priming) of ionizing radiation shows significantly reduced DNA damage with a subsequent high challenging dose. The role of DNA double strand break repair gene polymorphism in RAR is not known. In the present study attempt was made to find out the influence of NHEJ repair gene polymorphisms [a VNTR; XRCC5 (3R/2R/1R/0R); two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); XRCC6 (C/G) and XRCC7 (G/T)] with DNA damage, repair and mRNA expression in human PBMCs in dose and adaptive response studies. Genomic DNA extracted from venous blood samples of 20 random healthy donors (16 adaptive and 4 non-adaptive) and genotyping of NHEJ repair genes was carried out using PCR amplified length polymorphism. RESULTS The dose response study revealed significant positive correlation of genotypes at XRRC5 (3R/2R/1R/0R), XRCC6(C/G) and XRCC7 (G/T) with DNA damage. Donors having genotypes with 2R allele at XRCC5 showed significant positive correlation with mRNA expression level (0R/2R: r = 0.846, P = 0.034; 1R/2R: r = 0.698, P = 0.0001 and 2R/2R: r = 0.831, P = 0.0001) for dose response. Genotypes C/C and C/G of XRCC6 showed a significant positive correlation (P = 0.0001), whereas, genotype T/T of XRCC7 showed significant negative correlation (r = - 0.376, P = 0.041) with mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Interestingly, adaptive donors having C/G genotype of XRCC6 showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) mRNA expression level in primed cells suggesting their role in RAR. In addition, NHEJ repair gene polymorphisms play crucial role with radio-sensitivity and RAR in human PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridevi Shelke
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Birajalaxmi Das
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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9
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Soliman AHM, Zaki NN, Fathy HM, Mohamed AA, Ezzat MA, Rayan A. Genetic polymorphisms in XRCC1, OGG1, and XRCC3 DNA repair genes and DNA damage in radiotherapy workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43786-43799. [PMID: 32740834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage may develop at any dose of ionizing radiation. DNA damage activates pathways that regulate cell growth and division or coordinate its replication and repair. The repair pathways, base excision repair (BER) and single-strand break repair (SSBR), can repair such damages efficiently and maintain genome integrity. Loss of this repair process or alteration of its control will be associated with serious outcomes for cells and individuals. This study aimed to determine the relationship between XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, Arg280His, and Arg399Gln), OGG1 (Ser326Cys), and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) SNPs and DNA damage and to identify high-risk individuals with reduced DNA repair capacity. This case-control study was conducted on 80 subjects; 50 subjects working in Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department in Assiut University Hospital along with 30 controls. A total of 1 mL blood samples were collected for Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis Technique (Comet Assay) for detection of DNA damage in those subjects. A total of 3 mL fresh blood samples were collected and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)-based technique. DNA damage detected by comet test was significantly high in IR-exposed workers than control. Statistically high significant difference was found in exposed subjects versus control subjects regarding the frequencies of the variant alleles of hOGG1326, XRCC1280 & 399, and XRCC3241. The level of DNA damage was not affected by OGG1326 SNPs when comparing subjects of wild genotype with those of (pooled) variants either in the exposed staff or in the control group while XRCC1280, 399 and XRCC3241 variant alleles had an influence on the studied DNA damage biomarker. Moreover, genotyping distribution pattern was highly variable in relation to gender. The present study indicated a relationship between DNA damage detected by comet test and single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding for DNA certain repair enzymes. Individuals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation could be at great risk and more susceptible to the increased DNA damage if they have inherited genetic polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa H M Soliman
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nasef N Zaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hala M Fathy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aml A Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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10
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Jin X, Jiang ML, Wu ZH, Fan Y. Progress of Individualized Chemotherapy for Gastric Carcinoma Under the Guidance of Genetic Testing. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:2322-2334. [PMID: 30714518 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190204123101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a major malignancy that has high incidence rates worldwide. Approximately 30% of patients with gastric cancer have progressed into advanced stages at the time of diagnosis. Chemotherapy is the standard-of-care for most advanced gastric cancer and elicits variable responses among patients. Personalized chemotherapy based on genetic information of individual patients with gastric cancer has gained increasing attention among oncologists for guiding chemotherapeutic regimens. METHODS This review summarizes recent progress of individualized chemotherapy in gastric cancer guided by pharmacogenomics. Variable medical research search engines, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, SpringerLink and ScienceDirect, were used to retrieve related literature. Only peerreviewed journal articles were selected for further analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The efficiency of chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer is not only determined by chemotherapeutic drugs but is also directly and indirectly influenced by functionally correlative genes. Individual gene alteration or polymorphism remarkably affects patients' responses to particular chemotherapy. Most studies have focused on the influence of single-gene alteration on a selected drug, and only a few works explored the interaction between therapeutics and a panel of genes. Individualized chemotherapy regimens guided by a genetic survey of a multiple-gene panel are expected to remarkably improve the treatment efficacy in patients with advanced gastric cancer and may become the new standard for personalizing chemotherapy for gastric cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Lin Jiang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Wu
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Rm 118, 19 S Manassas St. Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, No 8 Dianli Road, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Relationship between expression of XRCC1 and tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in glioma. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:646-657. [PMID: 30328556 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, XRCC1 polymorphisms were reported to be associated with glioma in Chinese population. However, only a few studies reported on the XRCC1 expression, and cancer progression. In this study, we investigated whether XRCC1 plays a role in glioma pathogenesis. Using the tissue microarray technology, we found that XRCC1 expression is significantly decreased in glioma compared with tumor adjacent normal brain tissue (P < 0.01, χ2 test) and reduced XRCC1 staining was associated with WHO stages (P < 0.05, χ2 test). The mRNA and protein levels of XRCC1 were significantly downregulated in human primary glioma tissues (P < 0.001, χ2 test). We also found that XRCC1 was significantly decreased in glioma cell lines compared to normal human astrocytes (P < 0.01, χ2 test). Overexpression of XRCC1 dramatically reduced the proliferation and caused cessation of cell cycle. The reduced cell proliferation is due to G1 phase arrest as cyclin D1 is diminished whereas p16 is upregulated. We further demonstrated that XRCC1 overexpression suppressed the glioma cell migration and invasion abilities by targeting MMP-2. In addition, we also found that overexpression of XRCC1 sharply inhibited angiogenesis, which correlated with down-regulation of VEGF. The data indicate that XRCC1 may be a tumor suppressor involved in the progression of glioma.
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12
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Palmirotta R, Carella C, Silvestris E, Cives M, Stucci SL, Tucci M, Lovero D, Silvestris F. SNPs in predicting clinical efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy: walking through the quicksand. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25355-25382. [PMID: 29861877 PMCID: PMC5982750 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the "precision medicine" era, chemotherapy still remains the backbone for the treatment of many cancers, but no affordable predictors of response to the chemodrugs are available in clinical practice. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are gene sequence variations occurring in more than 1% of the full population, and account for approximately 80% of inter-individual genomic heterogeneity. A number of studies have investigated the predictive role of SNPs of genes enrolled in both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutics, but the clinical implementation of related results has been modest so far. Among the examined germline polymorphic variants, several SNPs of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) have shown a robust role as predictors of toxicity following fluoropyrimidine- and/or irinotecan-based treatments respectively, and a few guidelines are mandatory in their detection before therapy initiation. Contrasting results, however, have been reported on the capability of variants of other genes as MTHFR, TYMS, ERCC1, XRCC1, GSTP1, CYP3A4/3A5 and ABCB1, in predicting either therapy efficacy or toxicity in patients undergoing treatment with pyrimidine antimetabolites, platinum derivatives, irinotecan and taxanes. While formal recommendations for routine testing of these SNPs cannot be drawn at this moment, therapeutic decisions may indeed benefit of germline genomic information, when available. Here, we summarize the clinical impact of germline genomic variants on the efficacy and toxicity of major chemodrugs, with the aim to facilitate the therapeutic expectance of clinicians in the odiern quicksand field of complex molecular biology concepts and controversial trial data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Carella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Luigia Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Suresh Kumar MA, Laiakis EC, Ghandhi SA, Morton SR, Fornace AJ, Amundson SA. Gene Expression in Parp1 Deficient Mice Exposed to a Median Lethal Dose of Gamma Rays. Radiat Res 2018; 190:53-62. [PMID: 29746213 DOI: 10.1667/rr14990.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a current interest in the development of biodosimetric methods for rapidly assessing radiation exposure in the wake of a large-scale radiological event. This work was initially focused on determining the exposure dose to an individual using biological indicators. Gene expression signatures show promise for biodosimetric application, but little is known about how these signatures might translate for the assessment of radiological injury in radiosensitive individuals, who comprise a significant proportion of the general population, and who would likely require treatment after exposure to lower doses. Using Parp1-/- mice as a model radiation-sensitive genotype, we have investigated the effect of this DNA repair deficiency on the gene expression response to radiation. Although Parp1 is known to play general roles in regulating transcription, the pattern of gene expression changes observed in Parp1-/- mice 24 h postirradiation to a LD50/30 was remarkably similar to that in wild-type mice after exposure to LD50/30. Similar levels of activation of both the p53 and NFκB radiation response pathways were indicated in both strains. In contrast, exposure of wild-type mice to a sublethal dose that was equal to the Parp1-/- LD50/30 resulted in a lower magnitude gene expression response. Thus, Parp1-/- mice displayed a heightened gene expression response to radiation, which was more similar to the wild-type response to an equitoxic dose than to an equal absorbed dose. Gene expression classifiers trained on the wild-type data correctly identified all wild-type samples as unexposed, exposed to a sublethal dose or exposed to an LD50/30. All unexposed samples from Parp1-/- mice were also correctly classified with the same gene set, and 80% of irradiated Parp1-/- samples were identified as exposed to an LD50/30. The results of this study suggest that, at least for some pathways that may influence radiosensitivity in humans, specific gene expression signatures have the potential to accurately detect the extent of radiological injury, rather than serving only as a surrogate of physical radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Suresh Kumar
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Shanaz A Ghandhi
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Shad R Morton
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Albert J Fornace
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Sally A Amundson
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Bazgir A, Agha Gholizadeh M, Khosravi A, Mansour Samaei N. The X-ray Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1 Arg399Gln Genetic Polymorphism and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Iranian Population. Middle East J Dig Dis 2018; 10:40-44. [PMID: 29682247 PMCID: PMC5903926 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2017.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The association between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) Arg399Gln
gene polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been investigated in several populations.
However, the findings are controversial. The aim of this study was to address the association
between XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism and HCC in an Iranian population.
METHODS
We have evaluated the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism and HCC
in 151 Iranian individuals (50 patients with HCC and 101 healthy matched controls) using polymerase
chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) method.
RESULTS
Significant association was found for the XRCC1 A allele and HCC [OR = 1.93, 95% CI (1.16
- 3.25), P = 0.0099]. Also, genotype analysis by SNPStats online software showed a significant
association between XRCC1 gene polymorphisms and HCC under co-dominant, dominant, and
recessive genetic models.
CONCLUSION
Our study provides evidence that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism may be associated
with the risk of HCC development in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Bazgir
- Depaetment of Human Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Agha Gholizadeh
- Depaetment of Human Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Khosravi
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nader Mansour Samaei
- Depaetment of Human Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Aydın M, Arslan M, Rencüzoğulları E, Gözaydın C, Genç A, Bayram S. Investigation of XRCC1 Arg399Gln, Arg280His, and Arg194Trp polymorphisms effects on the induction of micronucleus by Aflatoxin B1 in in vitro. GENE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Li M, Gu Y, Ma YC, Shang ZF, Wang C, Liu FJ, Cao JP, Wan HJ, Zhang XG. Krüppel-Like Factor 5 Promotes Epithelial Proliferation and DNA Damage Repair in the Intestine of Irradiated Mice. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:1458-68. [PMID: 26681925 PMCID: PMC4672003 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: High doses of radiation induce severe DNA damage in intestinal epithelial cells, especially crypt cells, and cause intestinal injury, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a zinc finger-containing transcription factor, is induced by various stress stimuli and is involved in cell proliferation and survival. The role of KLF5 in radiation-induced intestinal injury was investigated here. METHODS: Wild type mice were treated with 8 or 15 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). KLF5 content and cellular localization in the small intestines of irradiated mice were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Mice with intestinal-specific knockdown of KLF5 (Vil-Cre; Klf5fl/+ mice) were generated and their response to radiation was compared with controls. Morphological changes were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Proliferation was examined by Ki67 immunostaining. The molecular response of the small intestine after KLF5 knockdown was investigated using microarrays. RESULTS: KLF5 expression correlated with the progression of intestinal damage. Decreased levels of KLF5 in the gut were associated with increased damage to the intestinal mucosa and reduced epithelial proliferation after TBI. Our microarray data disclosed that KLF5 knockdown down-regulated genes related to DNA damage repair pathways such as nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, non-homologous end joining and the Fanconi anemia pathway, which may suggest a novel function of KLF5. CONCLUSIONS: Our study illustrates that KLF5 may modulate DNA repair pathways to prevent intestinal injury induced by TBI. KLF5 signaling provides a novel field for identification of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of radiation-induced intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yan-Chao Ma
- 3. Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China ; 4. Jiangsu Stem Cell Key Laboratory, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Shang
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chang Wang
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fen-Ju Liu
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cao
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hua-Jing Wan
- 5. Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Huaxi Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xue-Guang Zhang
- 3. Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China ; 4. Jiangsu Stem Cell Key Laboratory, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
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17
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Chi XX, Liu YY, Shi SN, Cong Z, Liang YQ, Zhang HJ. XRCC1 and XPD genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to age-related cataract: a meta-analysis. Mol Vis 2015; 21:335-46. [PMID: 25873778 PMCID: PMC4384174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationships between XRCC1 Arg399Gln (rs25487 G>A) and XPD Lys751Gln (rs1052559 A>C) polymorphisms and susceptibility to age-related cataract. METHODS Medline (1966-2013), the Cochrane Library Database (Issue 12, 2013), EMBASE (1980-2013), CINAHL (1982-2013), Web of Science (1945-2013) and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM; 1982-2013) were searched without language restrictions. Various combinations of the keywords and MeSH terms were used to screen for potentially relevant studies, specifically "genetic polymorphisms" or "SNPs" or "variation" or "single nucleotide polymorphism" or "polymorphism" or "mutation" or "variant"; "X-ray repair cross complementing protein 1" or "Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein" or "X-ray repair cross complementing protein 1" or "Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein" or "XPD" or "Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group D Protein" or "ERCC2" or "XRCC1" or "XRCC1 DNA repair protein"; and "Cataract" or " Membranous Cataract" or " Pseudoaphakia." Meta-analyses were conducted using Stata 12.0 software. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS Six independent case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Our results indicated that the association between the genetic polymorphisms of XRCC1 Arg399Gln G>A and XPD Lys751Gln A>C and increased susceptibility to age-related cataracts was statistically significant (XRCC1 Arg399Gln: OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.17-1.44, p<0.001; XPD Lys751Gln: OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.12-1.40, p<0.001, respectively). Ethnicity-stratified analysis indicated that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln G>A polymorphism was correlated with the development and progression of age-related cataract in China, India, and Turkey in the allele model and the dominant model. For the XPD Lys751Gln A>C variant, the association with the pathogenesis of age-related cataract in China and Turkey in the allele model and the dominant model was investigated. CONCLUSIONS The association of XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XPD Lys751Gln polymorphisms with age-related cataract susceptibility observed in our meta-analyses supports the view that XRCC1 and XPD may play important roles in susceptibility to age-related cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Chi
- College nursing, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - You-Yu Liu
- Department of Personnel, Liaoyang Central Hospital, Liaoyang, P.R. China
| | - Su-Ning Shi
- College nursing, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Cong
- College nursing, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Liang
- The Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Liaoyang Petrochemical General Hospital of Liaoyang Petrochemical Company, Liaoyang, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Zhang
- College nursing, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, P.R. China
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Patrono C, Sterpone S, Testa A, Cozzi R. Polymorphisms in base excision repair genes: Breast cancer risk and individual radiosensitivity. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:874-882. [PMID: 25493225 PMCID: PMC4259949 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i5.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The aetiology and carcinogenesis of BC are not clearly defined, although genetic, hormonal, lifestyle and environmental risk factors have been established. The most common treatment for BC includes breast-conserving surgery followed by a standard radiotherapy (RT) regimen. However, radiation hypersensitivity and the occurrence of RT-induced toxicity in normal tissue may affect patients’ treatment. The role of DNA repair in cancer has been extensively investigated, and an impaired DNA damage response may increase the risk of BC and individual radiosensitivity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes may alter protein function and modulate DNA repair efficiency, influencing the development of various cancers, including BC. SNPs in DNA repair genes have also been studied as potential predictive factors for the risk of RT-induced side effects. Here, we review the literature on the association between SNPs in base excision repair (BER) genes and BC risk. We focused on X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1), which plays a key role in BER, and on 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, which encode three important BER enzymes that interact with XRCC1. Although no association between SNPs and radiation toxicity has been validated thus far, we also report published studies on XRCC1 SNPs and variants in other BER genes and RT-induced side effects in BC patients, emphasising that large well-designed studies are needed to determine the genetic components of individual radiosensitivity.
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19
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Khlifi R, Rebai A, Hamza-Chaffai A. Polymorphisms in human DNA repair genes and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Genet 2013; 91:375-84. [PMID: 23271025 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-012-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in some DNA repair proteins are associated with a number of malignant transformations like head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) and X-ray repair cross-complementing proteins 1 (XRCC1) and 3 (XRCC3) genes are involved in DNA repair and were found to be associated with HNSCC in numerous studies. To establish our overall understanding of possible relationships between DNA repair gene polymorphisms and development of HNSCC, we surveyed the literature on epidemiological studies that assessed potential associations with HNSCC risk in terms of gene-environment interactions, genotype-induced functional defects in enzyme activity and/or protein expression, and the influence of ethnic origin on these associations.We conclude that large, well-designed studies of common polymorphisms in DNA repair genes are needed. Such studies may benefit from analysis of multiple genes or polymorphisms and from the consideration of relevant exposures that may influence the likelihood of HNSCC when DNA repair capacity is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Khlifi
- Marine Ecotoxicology, UR 09-03, Sfax University, IPEIS, BP 805-3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
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20
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Kashino G, Suzuki K, Kodama S, Watanabe M, Prise KM. Increased susceptibility to delayed genetic effects of low dose X-irradiation in DNA repair deficient cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:295-300. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.752596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Terrazzino S, Mattina PL, Masini L, Caltavuturo T, Gambaro G, Canonico PL, Genazzani AA, Krengli M. Common variants of eNOS and XRCC1 genes may predict acute skin toxicity in breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery. Radiother Oncol 2012; 103:199-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Gil J, Ramsey D, Stembalska A, Karpinski P, Pesz KA, Laczmanska I, Leszczynski P, Grzebieniak Z, Sasiadek MM. The C/A polymorphism in intron 11 of the XPC gene plays a crucial role in the modulation of an individual's susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2011. [PMID: 21559836 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-0110767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data show that colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequent malignancy worldwide. The involvement of "minor impact genes" such as XME and DNA-repair genes in the etiology of sporadic cancer has been postulated by other authors. We focused on analyzing polymorphisms in DNA-repair genes in CRC. We considered the following genes involved in DNA-repair pathways: base excision repair (OGG1 Ser326Cys, XRCC1 Trp194Arg and Arg399Gln); nucleotide excision repair [XPA (-4)G/A, XPC C/A (i11) and A33512C (Lys939Gln), XPD Asp312Asn and A18911C (Lys751Gln), XPF Arg415Gln, XPG Asp1104His, ERCC1 C118T]; homologous recombination repair [NBS1 Glu185Gln, Rad51 135G/C, XRCC3 C18067 (Thr241Met)]. The study group consisted of 133 patients diagnosed with sporadic CRC, while the control group was composed of 100 age-matched non-cancer volunteers. Genotyping was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP. Fisher's exact test with a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was used. We found that: (i) XPC C/A (i11) heterozygous variant is associated with increased risk of CRC [OR is 2.07 (95% CI 1.1391, 3.7782) P=0.038], (ii) XPD A18911C (Lys751Gln) is associated with decreased risk of CRC [OR=0.4497, (95% CI 0.2215, 0.9131) P=0.031] for an individual with at least one A allele at this locus. (1) The XPC C/A (i11) genotype is associated with an increased risk of sporadic colorectal cancer. (2) The NER pathway has been highlighted in our study, as a most important in modulation of individual susceptibility to sCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Gil
- Department of Genetics, Medical University of Wroclaw, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.
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23
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Gil J, Ramsey D, Stembalska A, Karpinski P, Pesz KA, Laczmanska I, Leszczynski P, Grzebieniak Z, Sasiadek MM. The C/A polymorphism in intron 11 of the XPC gene plays a crucial role in the modulation of an individual's susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:527-34. [PMID: 21559836 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data show that colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequent malignancy worldwide. The involvement of "minor impact genes" such as XME and DNA-repair genes in the etiology of sporadic cancer has been postulated by other authors. We focused on analyzing polymorphisms in DNA-repair genes in CRC. We considered the following genes involved in DNA-repair pathways: base excision repair (OGG1 Ser326Cys, XRCC1 Trp194Arg and Arg399Gln); nucleotide excision repair [XPA (-4)G/A, XPC C/A (i11) and A33512C (Lys939Gln), XPD Asp312Asn and A18911C (Lys751Gln), XPF Arg415Gln, XPG Asp1104His, ERCC1 C118T]; homologous recombination repair [NBS1 Glu185Gln, Rad51 135G/C, XRCC3 C18067 (Thr241Met)]. The study group consisted of 133 patients diagnosed with sporadic CRC, while the control group was composed of 100 age-matched non-cancer volunteers. Genotyping was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP. Fisher's exact test with a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was used. We found that: (i) XPC C/A (i11) heterozygous variant is associated with increased risk of CRC [OR is 2.07 (95% CI 1.1391, 3.7782) P=0.038], (ii) XPD A18911C (Lys751Gln) is associated with decreased risk of CRC [OR=0.4497, (95% CI 0.2215, 0.9131) P=0.031] for an individual with at least one A allele at this locus. (1) The XPC C/A (i11) genotype is associated with an increased risk of sporadic colorectal cancer. (2) The NER pathway has been highlighted in our study, as a most important in modulation of individual susceptibility to sCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Gil
- Department of Genetics, Medical University of Wroclaw, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Ginsberg G, Angle K, Guyton K, Sonawane B. Polymorphism in the DNA repair enzyme XRCC1: utility of current database and implications for human health risk assessment. Mutat Res 2011; 727:1-15. [PMID: 21352951 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms are increasingly recognized as sources of variability not only in toxicokinetic but also in toxicodynamic response to environmental agents. XRCC1 is involved in base excision repair (BER) of DNA; it has variant genotypes that are associated with modified repair function. This analysis focuses on four polymorphisms: three in the coding region that affect protein structure and one in an upstream regulatory sequence that affects gene expression. The Arg399Gln variant is the most widely studied with evidence supporting a quantitative effect of genotype on phenotype. The homozygous variant (Gln/Gln) can have 3-4-fold diminished capacity to remove DNA adducts and oxidized DNA damage. This variant is relatively common in Caucasians and Asians where approximately 10% are homozygous variant. In contrast, the Arg194Trp variant appears to protect against genotoxic effects although the degree to which DNA repair is enhanced by this polymorphism is uncertain. The homozygous variant is rare in Caucasians and African Americans but it is present at 7% in Asians. A third coding region polymorphism at codon 280 appears to decrease repair function but additional quantitative information is needed and the homozygous variant is rare across populations studied. A polymorphism in an upstream promoter binding sequence (-77T>C) appears to lower XRCC1 levels by decreasing gene expression. Based upon genotype effect on phenotype and allele frequency, the current analysis finds that the codon 399 and upstream (-77) polymorphisms have the greatest potential to affect the toxicodynamic response to DNA damaging agents. However, the implications for risk assessment are limited by the likelihood that polymorphisms in multiple BER genes interact to modulate DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ginsberg
- Connecticut Dept of Public Health, Hartford, CT, United States.
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