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Ruiz MCM, Guimarães RP, Mortari MR. Parkinson’s Disease Rodent Models: are they suitable for DBS research? J Neurosci Methods 2022; 380:109687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Plocksties F, Kober M, Niemann C, Heller J, Fauser M, Nüssel M, Uster F, Franz D, Zwar M, Lüttig A, Kröger J, Harloff J, Schulz A, Richter A, Köhling R, Timmermann D, Storch A. The software defined implantable modular platform (STELLA) for preclinical deep brain stimulation research in rodents. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34542029 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac23e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Context.Long-term deep brain stimulation (DBS) studies in rodents are of crucial importance for research progress in this field. However, most stimulation devices require jackets or large head-mounted systems which severely affect mobility and general welfare influencing animals' behavior.Objective.To develop a preclinical neurostimulation implant system for long-term DBS research in small animal models.Approach.We propose a low-cost dual-channel DBS implant called software defined implantable platform (STELLA) with a printed circuit board size of Ø13 × 3.3 mm, weight of 0.6 g and current consumption of 7.6µA/3.1 V combined with an epoxy resin-based encapsulation method.Main results.STELLA delivers charge-balanced and configurable current pulses with widely used commercial electrodes. Whilein vitrostudies demonstrate at least 12 weeks of error-free stimulation using a CR1225 battery, our calculations predict a battery lifetime of up to 3 years using a CR2032. Exemplary application for DBS of the subthalamic nucleus in adult rats demonstrates that fully-implanted STELLA neurostimulators are very well-tolerated over 42 days without relevant stress after the early postoperative phase resulting in normal animal behavior. Encapsulation, external control and monitoring of function proved to be feasible. Stimulation with standard parameters elicited c-Fos expression by subthalamic neurons demonstrating biologically active function of STELLA.Significance.We developed a fully implantable, scalable and reliable DBS device that meets the urgent need for reverse translational research on DBS in freely moving rodent disease models including sensitive behavioral experiments. We thus add an important technology for animal research according to 'The Principle of Humane Experimental Technique'-replacement, reduction and refinement (3R). All hardware, software and additional materials are available under an open source license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Plocksties
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Kober
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Niemann
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jakob Heller
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mareike Fauser
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Nüssel
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Uster
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Denise Franz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Monique Zwar
- Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anika Lüttig
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Justin Kröger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jörg Harloff
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Timmermann
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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3
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Wu YC, Liao YS, Yeh WH, Liang SF, Shaw FZ. Directions of Deep Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:680938. [PMID: 34194295 PMCID: PMC8236576 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.680938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for movement disorders and neurological/psychiatric disorders. DBS has been approved for the control of Parkinson disease (PD) and epilepsy. OBJECTIVES A systematic review and possible future direction of DBS system studies is performed in the open loop and closed-loop configuration on PD and epilepsy. METHODS We searched Google Scholar database for DBS system and development. DBS search results were categorized into clinical device and research system from the open-loop and closed-loop perspectives. RESULTS We performed literature review for DBS on PD and epilepsy in terms of system development by the open loop and closed-loop configuration. This study described development and trends for DBS in terms of electrode, recording, stimulation, and signal processing. The closed-loop DBS system raised a more attention in recent researches. CONCLUSION We overviewed development and progress of DBS. Our results suggest that the closed-loop DBS is important for PD and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chang Wu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Siou Liao
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiu Yeh
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Liang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Informatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Zen Shaw
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Martínez-Cañada P, Ness TV, Einevoll GT, Fellin T, Panzeri S. Computation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) from network models of point neurons. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008893. [PMID: 33798190 PMCID: PMC8046357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a major tool for non-invasively studying brain function and dysfunction. Comparing experimentally recorded EEGs with neural network models is important to better interpret EEGs in terms of neural mechanisms. Most current neural network models use networks of simple point neurons. They capture important properties of cortical dynamics, and are numerically or analytically tractable. However, point neurons cannot generate an EEG, as EEG generation requires spatially separated transmembrane currents. Here, we explored how to compute an accurate approximation of a rodent's EEG with quantities defined in point-neuron network models. We constructed different approximations (or proxies) of the EEG signal that can be computed from networks of leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) point neurons, such as firing rates, membrane potentials, and combinations of synaptic currents. We then evaluated how well each proxy reconstructed a ground-truth EEG obtained when the synaptic currents of the LIF model network were fed into a three-dimensional network model of multicompartmental neurons with realistic morphologies. Proxies based on linear combinations of AMPA and GABA currents performed better than proxies based on firing rates or membrane potentials. A new class of proxies, based on an optimized linear combination of time-shifted AMPA and GABA currents, provided the most accurate estimate of the EEG over a wide range of network states. The new linear proxies explained 85-95% of the variance of the ground-truth EEG for a wide range of network configurations including different cell morphologies, distributions of presynaptic inputs, positions of the recording electrode, and spatial extensions of the network. Non-linear EEG proxies using a convolutional neural network (CNN) on synaptic currents increased proxy performance by a further 2-8%. Our proxies can be used to easily calculate a biologically realistic EEG signal directly from point-neuron simulations thus facilitating a quantitative comparison between computational models and experimental EEG recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martínez-Cañada
- Neural Coding Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Neural Computation Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Torbjørn V. Ness
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gaute T. Einevoll
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tommaso Fellin
- Neural Coding Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Panzeri
- Neural Coding Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Neural Computation Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
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Mottaghi S, Buchholz O, Hofmann UG. Systematic Evaluation of DBS Parameters in the Hemi-Parkinsonian Rat Model. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:561008. [PMID: 33162878 PMCID: PMC7581801 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.561008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is clinically employed to ameliorate several symptoms of manifest Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Stimulation parameters utilized by chronically implanted pulse generators comprise biphasic rectangular short (60–100 μs) pulses with a repetition frequency between 130 and 180 Hz. A better insight into the effect of electrical stimulation parameters could potentially reveal new possibilities for the improvement of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a treatment. To this end, we employed single-sided 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA) lesioning of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in rats to systematically investigate alternative stimulation parameters. These hemi-parkinsonian (hemi-PD) rats underwent individualized, ipsilateral electrical stimulation to the STN of the lesioned hemisphere, while the transiently induced contralateral rotational behavior was quantified to assess the effect of DBS parameter variations. The number of induced rotations during 30 s of stimulation was strongly correlated with the amplitude of the stimulation pulses. Despite a general linear relation between DBS frequency and rotational characteristics, a plateau effect was observed in the rotation count throughout the clinically used frequency range. Alternative waveforms to the conventional biphasic rectangular (Rect) pulse shapes [Triangular (Tri), Sinusoidal (Sine), and Sawtooth (Lin.Dec.)] required higher charges per phase to display similar behavior in rats as compared to the conventional pulse shape. The Euclidean Distance (ED) was used to quantify similarities between different angular trajectories. Overall, our study confirmed that the effect of different amplitude and frequency parameters of STN-DBS in the hemi-PD rat model was similar to those in human PD patients. This shows that induced contralateral rotation is a valuable readout in testing stimulation parameters. Our study supports the call for more pre-clinical studies using this measurement to assess the effect of other DBS parameters such as pulse-width and interphase intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Mottaghi
- Section for Neuroelectronic Systems, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Technical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Buchholz
- Section for Neuroelectronic Systems, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich G Hofmann
- Section for Neuroelectronic Systems, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Technical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Takahashi T, Zhang H, Kawakami R, Yarinome K, Agetsuma M, Nabekura J, Otomo K, Okamura Y, Nemoto T. PEO-CYTOP Fluoropolymer Nanosheets as a Novel Open-Skull Window for Imaging of the Living Mouse Brain. iScience 2020; 23:101579. [PMID: 33083745 PMCID: PMC7554658 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo two-photon deep imaging with a broad field of view has revealed functional connectivity among brain regions. Here, we developed a novel observation method that utilizes a polyethylene-oxide-coated CYTOP (PEO-CYTOP) nanosheet with a thickness of ∼130 nm that exhibited a water retention effect and a hydrophilized adhesive surface. PEO-CYTOP nanosheets firmly adhered to brain surfaces, which suppressed bleeding from superficial veins. By taking advantage of the excellent optical properties of PEO-CYTOP nanosheets, we performed in vivo deep imaging in mouse brains at high resolution. Moreover, PEO-CYTOP nanosheets enabled to prepare large cranial windows, achieving in vivo imaging of neural structure and Ca2+ elevation in a large field of view. Furthermore, the PEO-CYTOP nanosheets functioned as a sealing material, even after the removal of the dura. These results indicate that this method would be suitable for the investigation of neural functions that are composed of interactions among multiple regions. PEO-CYTOP nanosheet enables in vivo deep brain imaging in a vast field of view The 130 nm thickness and the hydrophilized surface realize the strong adhesiveness Suppressions of bleeding from the surface and inflammation in long-term are achieved The vast and transparent cranial window with natural curvature of the surface
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Takahashi
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.,Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawakami
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine Ehime University, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kenji Yarinome
- Course of Applied Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Masakazu Agetsuma
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.,Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.,Course of Applied Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Division of Biophotonics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
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Fleischer M, Endres H, Sendtner M, Volkmann J. Development of a Fully Implantable Stimulator for Deep Brain Stimulation in Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:726. [PMID: 32792895 PMCID: PMC7385305 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deep brain stimulation is an established method for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. To elicit the underlying mechanisms and explore new stimulation targets, rodent models are necessary. Cable bound external stimulation or portable devices limit movement of the animals and influence behavioral experiments. Therefore, implantable, individually programmed devices are required. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The stimulator consists of an 8bit-microcontroller mounted on a square electrical board (10 × 10 mm). External control is enabled by a magnetic reed contact, as running control serves a white LED, running modes are displayed by flash codes. Stimulation parameters could be programmed in the range of pulse width: 60-500 μs, amplitude: up to 300 μA and frequency: 10-500 Hz. Power is supplied by two standard batteries. The device was implanted in 8-10 weeks old BALBc-mice. Functionality was examined by electrical stimulation of nucleus accumbens area with standard parameters for mice and determination of c-fos levels in vitro in brain slices. RESULTS The implanted microstimulators were well-tolerated by the mice, without impairment of free movement. Coating, external control, and monitoring of function with LED flash code proved to be fully adequate. Stimulation with standard stimulating parameters of nucleus accumbens elicited strong c-fos elevation on simulation site. CONCLUSION We present a fully implantable stimulator for freely moving mice that meets the urgent need for further research on the effects of deep brain stimulation in rodent models. It offers the possibility to conduct behavioral experiments for up to 30 days of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fleischer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Heinz Endres
- University of Applied Science Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Kang J, Kadam SD, Elmore JS, Sullivan BJ, Valentine H, Malla AP, Harraz MM, Rahmim A, Kang JU, Loew LM, Baumann MH, Grace AA, Gjedde A, Boctor EM, Wong DF. Transcranial photoacoustic imaging of NMDA-evoked focal circuit dynamics in the rat hippocampus. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:025001. [PMID: 32084654 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab78ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report the transcranial functional photoacoustic (fPA) neuroimaging of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) evoked neural activity in the rat hippocampus. Concurrent quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and microdialysis were used to record real-time circuit dynamics and excitatory neurotransmitter concentrations, respectively. APPROACH We hypothesized that location-specific fPA voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) contrast would identify neural activity changes in the hippocampus which correlate with NMDA-evoked excitatory neurotransmission. MAIN RESULTS Transcranial fPA VSD imaging at the contralateral side of the microdialysis probe provided NMDA-evoked VSD responses with positive correlation to extracellular glutamate concentration changes. qEEG validated a wide range of glutamatergic excitation, which culminated in focal seizure activity after a high NMDA dose. We conclude that transcranial fPA VSD imaging can distinguish focal glutamate loads in the rat hippocampus, based on the VSD redistribution mechanism which is sensitive to the electrophysiologic membrane potential. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest the future utility of this emerging technology in both laboratory and clinical sciences as an innovative functional neuroimaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeun Kang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America. Laboratory of Computational Sensing and Robotics, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Huang C, Mazdeyasna S, Chen L, Abu Jawdeh EG, Bada HS, Saatman KE, Chen L, Yu G. Noninvasive noncontact speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography of cerebral blood flow in rats. Neuroimage 2019; 198:160-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Kang J, Zhang HK, Kadam SD, Fedorko J, Valentine H, Malla AP, Yan P, Harraz MM, Kang JU, Rahmim A, Gjedde A, Loew LM, Wong DF, Boctor EM. Transcranial Recording of Electrophysiological Neural Activity in the Rodent Brain in vivo Using Functional Photoacoustic Imaging of Near-Infrared Voltage-Sensitive Dye. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:579. [PMID: 31447622 PMCID: PMC6696882 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimally-invasive monitoring of electrophysiological neural activities in real-time-that enables quantification of neural functions without a need for invasive craniotomy and the longer time constants of fMRI and PET-presents a very challenging yet significant task for neuroimaging. In this paper, we present in vivo functional PA (fPA) imaging of chemoconvulsant rat seizure model with intact scalp using a fluorescence quenching-based cyanine voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) characterized by a lipid vesicle model mimicking different levels of membrane potential variation. The framework also involves use of a near-infrared VSD delivered through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), opened by pharmacological modulation of adenosine receptor signaling. Our normalized time-frequency analysis presented in vivo VSD response in the seizure group significantly distinguishable from those of the control groups at sub-mm spatial resolution. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording confirmed the changes of severity and frequency of brain activities, induced by chemoconvulsant seizures of the rat brain. The findings demonstrate that the near-infrared fPA VSD imaging is a promising tool for in vivo recording of brain activities through intact scalp, which would pave a way to its future translation in real time human brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeun Kang
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haichong K. Zhang
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shilpa D. Kadam
- Department of Neurology, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Julie Fedorko
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Heather Valentine
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adarsha P. Malla
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ping Yan
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Maged M. Harraz
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jin U. Kang
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Arman Rahmim
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leslie M. Loew
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Emad M. Boctor
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Hill M, Rios E, Sudhakar SK, Roossien DH, Caldwell C, Cai D, Ahmed OJ, Lempka SF, Chestek CA. Quantitative simulation of extracellular single unit recording from the surface of cortex. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:056007. [PMID: 29923502 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aacdb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neural recording is important for a wide variety of clinical applications. Until recently, recording from the surface of the brain, even when using micro-electrocorticography (μECoG) arrays, was not thought to enable recording from individual neurons. Recent results suggest that when the surface electrode contact size is sufficiently small, it may be possible to record single neurons from the brain's surface. In this study, we use computational techniques to investigate the ability of surface electrodes to record the activity of single neurons. APPROACH The computational model included the rat head, μECoG electrode, two existing multi-compartmental neuron models, and a novel multi-compartmental neuron model derived from patch clamp experiments in layer 1 of the cortex. MAIN RESULTS Using these models, we reproduced single neuron recordings from μECoG arrays, and elucidated their possible source. The model resembles the experimental data when spikes originate from layer 1 neurons that are less than 60 μm from the cortical surface. We further used the model to explore the design space for surface electrodes. Although this model does not include biological or thermal noise, the results indicate the electrode contact area should be 100 μm2 or smaller to maintain a detectable waveform amplitude. Furthermore, the model shows the width of lateral insulation could be reduced, which may reduce scar formation, while retaining 95% of signal amplitude. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, the model suggests single-unit surface recording is limited to neurons in layer 1 and further improvement in electrode design is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenna Hill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United State of America. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United State of America
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12
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Liu R, Crawford J, Callahan PM, Terry AV, Constantinidis C, Blake DT. Intermittent stimulation in the nucleus basalis of meynert improves sustained attention in rhesus monkeys. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:202-210. [PMID: 29704983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sustained attention is essential in important behaviors in daily life. Many neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by a compromised ability to sustain attention, making this cognitive domain an important therapeutic target. In this study, we tested a novel method of improving sustained attention. Monkeys were engaged in a continuous performance task (CPT) while the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NB), the main source of cholinergic innervation of the neocortex, was stimulated. Intermittent NB stimulation improved the animals' performance by increasing the hit rate and decreasing the false alarm rate. Administration of the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil or the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine alone impaired performance, whereas the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine alone improved performance. Applying NB stimulation while mecamylamine or donepezil were administered impaired CPT performance. Methylphenidate, a monoaminergic psychostimulant, was applied in conjunction with intermittent stimulation as a negative control, as it does not directly modulate cholinergic output. Methylphenidate also improved performance, and it produced further improvement when combined with NB stimulation. The additive effect of the combination suggested NB stimulation altered behavior independently from methylphenidate effects. We conclude that basal forebrain projections contribute to sustained attention, and that intermittent NB stimulation is an effective way of improving performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China; Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jonathan Crawford
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Patrick M Callahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Christos Constantinidis
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - David T Blake
- Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Direct-Current Electric Field Distribution in the Brain for Tumor Treating Field Applications: A Simulation Study. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3829768. [PMID: 29681995 PMCID: PMC5842745 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3829768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy have been clinically reported to provide prolonged overall survival in glioblastoma patients. Alternating electric fields with frequencies of 100~300 kHz and magnitudes of 1~3 V/cm are shown to suppress the growth of cancer cells via interactions with polar molecules within dividing cells. Since it is difficult to directly measure the electric fields inside the brain, simulation models of the human head provide a useful tool for predicting the electric field distribution. In the present study, a three-dimensional finite element head model consisting of the scalp, the skull, the dura, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the brain was built to study the electric field distribution under various applied potentials and electrode configurations. For simplicity, a direct-current electric field was used in the simulation. The total power dissipation and temperature elevation due to Joule heating in different head tissues were also evaluated. Based on the results, some guidelines are obtained in designing the electrode configuration for personalized glioblastoma electrotherapy.
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Deep Brain Stimulation of Hemiparkinsonian Rats with Unipolar and Bipolar Electrodes for up to 6 Weeks: Behavioral Testing of Freely Moving Animals. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 2017:5693589. [PMID: 28758044 PMCID: PMC5512044 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5693589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the clinical use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) is increasing, its basic mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Platinum/iridium electrodes were inserted into the subthalamic nucleus of rats with unilateral 6-OHDA-induced lesions of the medial forebrain bundle. Six behavioral parameters were compared with respect to their potential to detect DBS effects. Locomotor function was quantified by (i) apomorphine-induced rotation, (ii) initiation time, (iii) the number of adjusting steps in the stepping test, and (iv) the total migration distance in the open field test. Sensorimotor neglect and anxiety were quantified by (v) the retrieval bias in the corridor test and (vi) the ratio of migration distance in the center versus in the periphery in the open field test, respectively. In our setup, unipolar stimulation was found to be more efficient than bipolar stimulation for achieving beneficial long-term DBS effects. Performance in the apomorphine-induced rotation test showed no improvement after 6 weeks. DBS reduced the initiation time of the contralateral paw in the stepping test after 3 weeks of DBS followed by 3 weeks without DBS. Similarly, sensorimotor neglect was improved. The latter two parameters were found to be most appropriate for judging therapeutic DBS effects.
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15
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So RQ, McConnell GC, Grill WM. Frequency-dependent, transient effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on methamphetamine-induced circling and neuronal activity in the hemiparkinsonian rat. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:119-127. [PMID: 27939691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine-induced circling is used to quantify the behavioral effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in hemiparkinsonian rats. We observed a frequency-dependent transient effect of DBS on circling, and quantified this effect to determine its neuronal basis. High frequency STN DBS (75-260Hz) resulted in transient circling contralateral to the lesion at the onset of stimulation, which was not sustained after the first several seconds of stimulation. Following the transient behavioral change, DBS resulted in a frequency-dependent steady-state reduction in pathological ipsilateral circling, but no change in overall movement. Recordings from single neurons in globus pallidus externa (GPe) and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) revealed that high frequency, but not low frequency, STN DBS elicited transient changes in both firing rate and neuronal oscillatory power at the stimulation frequency in a subpopulation of GPe and SNr neurons. These transient changes were not sustained, and most neurons exhibited a different response during the steady-state phase of DBS. During the steady-state, DBS produced elevated neuronal oscillatory power at the stimulus frequency in a majority of GPe and SNr neurons, and the increase was more pronounced during high frequency DBS than during low frequency DBS. Changes in oscillatory power during both transient and steady-state DBS were highly correlated with changes in firing rates. These results suggest that distinct neural mechanisms were responsible for transient and sustained behavioral responses to STN DBS. The transient contralateral turning behavior following the onset of high frequency DBS was paralleled by transient changes in firing rate and oscillatory power in the GPe and SNr, while steady-state suppression of ipsilateral turning was paralleled by sustained increased synchronization of basal ganglia neurons to the stimulus pulses. Our analysis of distinct frequency-dependent transient and steady-state responses to DBS lays the foundation for future mechanistic studies of the immediate and persistent effects of DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Q So
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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16
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Tang AD, Lowe AS, Garrett AR, Woodward R, Bennett W, Canty AJ, Garry MI, Hinder MR, Summers JJ, Gersner R, Rotenberg A, Thickbroom G, Walton J, Rodger J. Construction and Evaluation of Rodent-Specific rTMS Coils. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:47. [PMID: 27445702 PMCID: PMC4928644 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent models of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) play a crucial role in aiding the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TMS induced plasticity. Rodent-specific TMS have previously been used to deliver focal stimulation at the cost of stimulus intensity (12 mT). Here we describe two novel TMS coils designed to deliver repetitive TMS (rTMS) at greater stimulation intensities whilst maintaining spatial resolution. Two circular coils (8 mm outer diameter) were constructed with either an air or pure iron-core. Peak magnetic field strength for the air and iron-cores were 90 and 120 mT, respectively, with the iron-core coil exhibiting less focality. Coil temperature and magnetic field stability for the two coils undergoing rTMS, were similar at 1 Hz but varied at 10 Hz. Finite element modeling of 10 Hz rTMS with the iron-core in a simplified rat brain model suggests a peak electric field of 85 and 12.7 V/m, within the skull and the brain, respectively. Delivering 10 Hz rTMS to the motor cortex of anaesthetized rats with the iron-core coil significantly increased motor evoked potential amplitudes immediately after stimulation (n = 4). Our results suggest these novel coils generate modest magnetic and electric fields, capable of altering cortical excitability and provide an alternative method to investigate the mechanisms underlying rTMS-induced plasticity in an experimental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Tang
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrea S Lowe
- Departments of Communication Sciences & Disorders and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of South FloridaTampa, FL, USA; Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South FloridaTampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrew R Garrett
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Woodward
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia
| | - William Bennett
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alison J Canty
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Michael I Garry
- Human Motor Control Lab, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mark R Hinder
- Human Motor Control Lab, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jeffery J Summers
- Human Motor Control Lab, School of Medicine, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia.; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Roman Gersner
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Thickbroom
- Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Walton
- Departments of Communication Sciences & Disorders and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of South FloridaTampa, FL, USA; Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South FloridaTampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia Perth, WA, Australia
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Liu C, Wang J, Deng B, Wei X, Yu H, Li H, Fietkiewicz C, Loparo KA. Closed-Loop Control of Tremor-Predominant Parkinsonian State Based on Parameter Estimation. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2016; 24:1109-1121. [PMID: 26955042 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2535358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A significant feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the inability of the thalamus to respond faithfully to sensorimotor information from the cerebral cortex. This may be the result of abnormal oscillations in the basal ganglia (BG). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is regarded as an effective method to modulate these pathological brain rhythmic activities. However, the selection of DBS parameters is challenging because the mechanism is not well understood. This work proposes the design of a closed-loop control strategy to automatically adjust the parameters of a DBS waveform based on a computational model. By estimating the synaptic input from BG to the thalamic neuron model as feedback variable, we designed and compared various control algorithms to counteract the effects of pathological oscillatory inputs. We then obtained optimal DBS parameters to modulate the tremor-predominant Parkinsonian state. We showed that even a simple proportional controller provides higher fidelity of thalamic relay of sensorimotor information and lower energy expenditure, as compared with classical open-loop DBS. Integral action further enhances DBS performance. Additionally, a positive bias voltage further improves the relay ability of the thalamus with decreased stimulation energy expenditure. These findings were conducive to the development of a more effective DBS to further improve the treatment of the PD.
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18
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Kölbl F, N'Kaoua G, Naudet F, Berthier F, Faggiani E, Renaud S, Benazzouz A, Lewis N. An Embedded Deep Brain Stimulator for Biphasic Chronic Experiments in Freely Moving Rodents. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2016; 10:72-84. [PMID: 25546861 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2014.2368788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a Deep Brain Stimulation device, portable, for chronic experiments on rodents in the context of Parkinson's disease. Our goal is to equip the animal with a device that mimics the human therapeutic conditions. It implies to respect a set of properties such as bilateral current-mode and charge-balanced stimulation, as well as programmability, low power consumption and re-usability to finally reach a suitable weight for long-term experiments. After the analysis of the solutions found in the literature, the full design of the device is explained. First, the stimulation front-end circuit driven by a processor unit, then the choice of supply sources which is a critical point for the weight and life-time of our system. Our low cost system has been realized using commercial discrete components and the overall power consumption was minimized. We achieved 6 days of maximal current stimulation with the chosen battery for a weight of 13.8 g . Finally, the device was carried out in vivo on rats during a 3 weeks experiment as the used implantation technique allows battery changing. This experiment also permits to emphasize the mechanical aspects including the packaging and electrodes holding.
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19
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Shirakashi R, Yasui T, Memmel S, Sukhorukov VL. Electro-microinjection of fish eggs with an immobile capillary electrode. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:064109. [PMID: 26649129 PMCID: PMC4662674 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microinjection with ultra-fine glass capillaries is widely used to introduce cryoprotective agents and other foreign molecules into animal cells, oocytes, and embryos. The fragility of glass capillaries makes difficult the microinjection of fish eggs and embryos, which are usually protected by a hard outer shell, called the chorion. In this study, we introduce a new electromechanical approach, based on the electropiercing of fish eggs with a stationary needle electrode. The electropiercing setup consists of two asymmetric electrodes, including a μm-scaled nickel needle placed opposite to a mm-scaled planar counter-electrode. A fish egg is immersed in low-conductivity solution and positioned between the electrodes. Upon application of a short electric pulse of sufficient field strength, the chorion is electroporated and the egg is attracted to the needle electrode by positive dielectrophoresis. As a result, the hard chorion and the subjacent yolk membrane are impaled by the sharp electrode tip, thus providing direct access to the egg yolk plasma. Our experiments on early-stage medaka fish embryos showed the applicability of electro-microinjection to fish eggs measuring about 1 mm in diameter. We optimized the electropiercing of medaka eggs with respect to the field strength, pulse duration, and conductivity of bathing medium. We microscopically examined the injection of dye solution into egg yolk and the impact of electropiercing on embryos' viability and development. We also analyzed the mechanisms of electropiercing in comparison with the conventional mechanical microinjection. The new electropiercing method has a high potential for automation, e.g., via integration into microfluidic devices, which would allow a large-scale microinjection of fish eggs for a variety of applications in basic research and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shirakashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yasui
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Simon Memmel
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie und Biophysik, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg , Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Vladimir L Sukhorukov
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie und Biophysik, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg , Würzburg 97074, Germany
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He JW, Liu H, Peng YB. The Scalp Confounds Near-Infrared Signal from Rat Brain Following Innocuous and Noxious Stimulation. Brain Sci 2015; 5:387-99. [PMID: 26426058 PMCID: PMC4701019 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci5040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRI) is a non-invasive, low-cost and highly portable technique for assessing brain activity and functions. Both clinical and experimental evidence suggest that fNIRI is able to assess brain activity at associated regions during pain processing, indicating a strong possibility of using fNIRI-derived brain activity pattern as a biomarker for pain. However, it remains unclear how, especially in small animals, the scalp influences fNIRI signal in pain processing. Previously, we have shown that the use of a multi-channel system improves the spatial resolution of fNIRI in rats (without the scalp) during pain processing. Our current work is to investigate a scalp effect by comparing with new data from rats with the scalp during innocuous or noxious stimulation (n = 6). Results showed remarkable stimulus-dependent differences between the no-scalp and intact-scalp groups. In conclusion, the scalp confounded the fNIRI signal in pain processing likely via an autonomic mechanism; the scalp effect should be a critical factor in image reconstruction and data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei He
- Departments of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Yuan Bo Peng
- Departments of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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Summerson SR, Kemere CT, Aazhang B. Current amplitude-dependent modulation of rotational behavior with GPi stimulation in the rodent model of Parkinson's Disease. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2013:783-6. [PMID: 24109804 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The globus pallidus interna (GPi) is the main output nucleus of the basal ganglia, the neural circuit involved in motor and cognitive performance which is impacted by Parkinson's Disease (PD). Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the GPi is an effective treatment for the motor symptoms of PD in humans, the link between the stimulation signal space and the therapeutic benefits of DBS is not well understood. The rodent model of PD is useful for characterization of ameliorative DBS, though prior work focuses on the rodent model for DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). This work investigates GPi-DBS in the rat model of PD under the framework of an amphetamine-induced rotational behavior. This work elucidates the relationship between stimulation current intensity and the motor effects of the dopaminergic lesion. Our results show that rotational behavior is modulated by the current intensity and validates GPi-DBS as a beneficial treatment of PD.
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Summerson SR, Aazhang B, Kemere CT. Characterizing Motor and Cognitive Effects Associated With Deep Brain Stimulation in the GPi of Hemi-Parkinsonian Rats. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2014; 22:1218-27. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2014.2330515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Electrical Impedance Properties of Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes during Long-Term In-Vivo Stimulation in the Parkinson Model of the Rat. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38256-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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So RQ, McConnell GC, August AT, Grill WM. Characterizing effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on methamphetamine-induced circling behavior in hemi-Parkinsonian rats. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2012; 20:626-35. [PMID: 22692937 PMCID: PMC3699208 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2012.2197761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rat model is frequently used to study the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, systematic knowledge of the effects of DBS parameters on behavior in this animal model is lacking. The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of DBS on methamphetamine-induced circling in the unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned rat. DBS parameters tested include stimulation amplitude, stimulation frequency, methamphetamine dose, stimulation polarity, and anatomical location of the electrode. When an appropriate stimulation amplitude and dose of methamphetamine were applied, high-frequency stimulation (> 130 Hz), but not low frequency stimulation (< 10 Hz), reversed the bias in ipsilateral circling without inhibiting movement. This characteristic frequency tuning profile was only generated when at least one electrode used during bipolar stimulation was located within the STN. No difference was found between bipolar stimulation and monopolar stimulation when the most effective electrode contact was selected, indicating that monopolar stimulation could be used in future experiments. Methamphetamine-induced circling is a simple, reliable, and sensitive behavioral test and holds potential for high-throughput study of the effects of STN DBS in unilaterally lesioned rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Q So
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Casanova R, Whitlow CT, Wagner B, Espeland MA, Maldjian JA. Combining graph and machine learning methods to analyze differences in functional connectivity across sex. Open Neuroimag J 2012; 6:1-9. [PMID: 22312418 PMCID: PMC3271304 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001206010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we combine machine learning methods and graph theoretical analysis to investigate gender associated differences in resting state brain network connectivity. The set of all correlations computed from the fMRI resting state data is used as input features for classification. Two ensemble learning methods are used to perform the detection of the set of discriminative edges between groups (males vs. females) of brain networks: 1) Random Forest and 2) an ensemble method based on least angle shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regressors. Permutation testing is used not only to assess significance of classification accuracy but also to evaluate significance of feature selection. Finally, these methods are applied to data downloaded from the Connectome Project website. Our results suggest that gender differences in brain function may be related to sexually dimorphic regional connectivity between specific critical nodes via gender-discriminative edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Casanova
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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