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Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Sharma V, Nepovimova E, Adam V, Kuca K, Chopra C. Advances in Genetic Reprogramming: Prospects from Developmental Biology to Regenerative Medicine. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1646-1690. [PMID: 37138422 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230503144619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The foundations of cell reprogramming were laid by Yamanaka and co-workers, who showed that somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent cells (induced pluripotency). Since this discovery, the field of regenerative medicine has seen advancements. For example, because they can differentiate into multiple cell types, pluripotent stem cells are considered vital components in regenerative medicine aimed at the functional restoration of damaged tissue. Despite years of research, both replacement and restoration of failed organs/ tissues have remained elusive scientific feats. However, with the inception of cell engineering and nuclear reprogramming, useful solutions have been identified to counter the need for compatible and sustainable organs. By combining the science underlying genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming with regenerative medicine, scientists have engineered cells to make gene and stem cell therapies applicable and effective. These approaches have enabled the targeting of various pathways to reprogramme cells, i.e., make them behave in beneficial ways in a patient-specific manner. Technological advancements have clearly supported the concept and realization of regenerative medicine. Genetic engineering is used for tissue engineering and nuclear reprogramming and has led to advances in regenerative medicine. Targeted therapies and replacement of traumatized , damaged, or aged organs can be realized through genetic engineering. Furthermore, the success of these therapies has been validated through thousands of clinical trials. Scientists are currently evaluating induced tissue-specific stem cells (iTSCs), which may lead to tumour-free applications of pluripotency induction. In this review, we present state-of-the-art genetic engineering that has been used in regenerative medicine. We also focus on ways that genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming have transformed regenerative medicine and have become unique therapeutic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Head of Bioinformatic Division, NMC Genetics India Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Chung MJ, Park S, Son JY, Lee JY, Yun HH, Lee EJ, Lee EM, Cho GJ, Lee S, Park HS, Jeong KS. Differentiation of equine induced pluripotent stem cells into mesenchymal lineage for therapeutic use. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2954-2971. [PMID: 31505996 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1664224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous work, we established an equine induced pluripotent stem cell line (E-iPSCs) from equine adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) using a lentiviral vector encoding four transcription factors: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. In the current study, we attempted to differentiate these established E-iPSCs into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by serial passaging using MSC-defined media for stem cell expansion. Differentiation of the MSCs was confirmed by analyzing expression levels of the MSC surface markers CD44 and CD29, and the pluripotency markers Nanog and Oct4. Results indicated that the E-iPSC-derived MSCs (E-iPSC-MSCs) retained the characteristics of MSCs, including the ability to differentiate into chondrogenic, osteogenic, or myogenic lineages. E-iPSC-MSCs were rendered suitable for therapeutic use by inhibiting immune rejection through exposure to transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) in culture, which down-regulated the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) proteins that cause immune rejection if they are incompatible with the MHC antigen of the recipient. We reported 16 cases of E-iPSC-MSC transplantations into injured horses with generally positive effects, such as reduced lameness and fraction lines. Our findings indicate that E-iPSC-MSCs can demonstrate MSC characteristics and be safely and practically used in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Chung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - SunYoung Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Yun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Jae Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Sunray Lee
- Cell Engineering For Origin , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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3
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Zomer HD, Varela GKDS, Delben PB, Heck D, Jeremias TDS, Trentin AG. In vitro comparative study of human mesenchymal stromal cells from dermis and adipose tissue for application in skin wound healing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:729-741. [PMID: 30773827 DOI: 10.1002/term.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Novel strategies combining cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine have been developed to treat major skin wounds. Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different tissues have similar stem cell features, such as self-renewing mesodermal differentiation potential and expression of immunophenotypic markers, they also have distinct characteristics. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the application of MSCs derived from the dermis and adipose tissue (DSCs and ASCs, respectively) in cutaneous wound healing by in vitro approaches. Human DSC and ASC were obtained and evaluated for their isolation efficiency, stemness, proliferative profile, and genetic stability over time in culture. The ability of wound closure was first assessed by direct cell scratch assay. The paracrine effects of DSC- and ASC-conditioned medium in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes and in the induction of tubule formation were also investigated. Although the ASC isolation procedures resulted in 100 times more cells than DSC, the latter had a higher proliferation rate in culture. Both presented low frequency of nuclear alterations over time in culture and showed similar characteristics of stem cells, such as expression of immunophenotypic markers and differentiation potential. DSCs showed increased healing capacity, and their conditioned media had greater paracrine effect in closing the wound of dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes and in inducing angiogenesis. In conclusion, the therapeutic potential of MSCs is influenced by the obtainment source. Both ASCs and DSCs are applicable for skin wound healing; however, DSCs have an improved potential and should be considered for future applications in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Debiazi Zomer
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States of America.,Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Priscilla Barros Delben
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Diana Heck
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Talita da Silva Jeremias
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Andrea Gonçalves Trentin
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sargenti A, Castiglioni S, Olivi E, Bianchi F, Cazzaniga A, Farruggia G, Cappadone C, Merolle L, Malucelli E, Ventura C, Maier JAM, Iotti S. Magnesium Deprivation Potentiates Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transcriptional Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051410. [PMID: 29747379 PMCID: PMC5983826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium plays a pivotal role in energy metabolism and in the control of cell growth. While magnesium deprivation clearly shapes the behavior of normal and neoplastic cells, little is known on the role of this element in cell differentiation. Here we show that magnesium deficiency increases the transcription of multipotency markers and tissue-specific transcription factors in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells exposed to a mixture of natural molecules, i.e., hyaluronic, butyric and retinoid acids, which tunes differentiation. We also demonstrate that magnesium deficiency accelerates the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. We argue that magnesium deprivation generates a stressful condition that modulates stem cell plasticity and differentiation potential. These studies indicate that it is possible to remodel transcription in mesenchymal stem cells by lowering extracellular magnesium without the need for genetic manipulation, thus offering new hints for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Sargenti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Olivi
- GUNA-ATTRE (Advanced Therapies and Tissue Regeneration), Innovation Accelerator at CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), 00136 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), 00136 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cazzaniga
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), 00136 Rome, Italy.
| | - Concettina Cappadone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Merolle
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda Usl di Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Emil Malucelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Carlo Ventura
- GUNA-ATTRE (Advanced Therapies and Tissue Regeneration), Innovation Accelerator at CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), 00136 Rome, Italy.
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering-Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator at CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Jeanette A M Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), 00136 Rome, Italy.
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Differentiation and Molecular Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived on Gelatin or Collagen. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9013089. [PMID: 27642306 PMCID: PMC5014975 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9013089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of induced-pluripotential stem cells- (iPSCs-) derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) is an attractive and promising approach for preparing large, uniform batches of applicable MSCs that can serve as an alternative cell source of primary MSCs. Appropriate culture surfaces may influence their growth and differentiation potentials during iMSC derivation. The present study compared molecular properties and differentiation potential of derived mouse iPS-MSCs by deriving on gelatin or collagen-coated surfaces. The cells were derived by a one-step method and expressed CD73 and CD90, but CD105 was downregulated in iMSCs cultured only on gelatin-coated plates with increasing numbers of passages. A pairwise scatter analysis revealed similar expression of MSC-specific genes in iMSCs derived on gelatin and on collagen surfaces as well as in primary mouse bone marrow MSCs. Deriving iMSCs on gelatin and collagen dictated their osteogenic and adipose differentiation potentials, respectively. Derived iMSCs on gelatin upregulated Bmp2 and Lif prior to induction of osteogenic or adipose differentiation, while PPARγ was upregulated by deriving on collagen. Our results suggest that extracellular matrix components such as gelatin biases generated iMSC differentiation potential towards adipose or bone tissue in their derivation process via up- or downregulation of these master genes.
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Zomer HD, Vidane AS, Gonçalves NN, Ambrósio CE. Mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cells: general insights and clinical perspectives. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 8:125-34. [PMID: 26451119 PMCID: PMC4592031 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s88036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have awakened a great deal of interest in regenerative medicine due to their plasticity, and immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. They are high-yield and can be acquired through noninvasive methods from adult tissues. Moreover, they are nontumorigenic and are the most widely studied. On the other hand, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be derived directly from adult cells through gene reprogramming. The new iPS technology avoids the embryo destruction or manipulation to generate pluripotent cells, therefore, are exempt from ethical implication surrounding embryonic stem cell use. The pre-differentiation of iPS cells ensures the safety of future approaches. Both mesenchymal stem cells and iPS cells can be used for autologous cell transplantations without the risk of immune rejection and represent a great opportunity for future alternative therapies. In this review we discussed the therapeutic perspectives using mesenchymal and iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D Zomer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Atanásio S Vidane
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia N Gonçalves
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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7
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Jastrzebska E, Tomecka E, Jesion I. Heart-on-a-chip based on stem cell biology. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 75:67-81. [PMID: 26298640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases are one of the main causes of death around the world. The great challenge for scientists is to develop new therapeutic methods for these types of ailments. Stem cells (SCs) therapy could be one of a promising technique used for renewal of cardiac cells and treatment of heart diseases. Conventional in vitro techniques utilized for investigation of heart regeneration do not mimic natural cardiac physiology. Lab-on-a-chip systems may be the solution which could allow the creation of a heart muscle model, enabling the growth of cardiac cells in conditions similar to in vivo conditions. Microsystems can be also used for differentiation of stem cells into heart cells, successfully. It will help better understand of proliferation and regeneration ability of these cells. In this review, we present Heart-on-a-chip systems based on cardiac cell culture and stem cell biology. This review begins with the description of the physiological environment and the functions of the heart. Next, we shortly described conventional techniques of stem cells differentiation into the cardiac cells. This review is mostly focused on describing Lab-on-a-chip systems for cardiac tissue engineering. Therefore, in the next part of this article, the microsystems for both cardiac cell culture and SCs differentiation into cardiac cells are described. The section about SCs differentiation into the heart cells is divided in sections describing biochemical, physical and mechanical stimulations. Finally, we outline present challenges and future research concerning Heart-on-a-chip based on stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Jastrzebska
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Tomecka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Jesion
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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Daneshvar N, Rasedee A, Shamsabadi FT, Moeini H, Mehrboud P, Rahman HS, Boroojerdi MH, Vellasamy S. Induction of pluripotency in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in feeder layer-free condition. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:575-82. [PMID: 26471847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) has been produced by the reprogramming of several types of somatic cells through the expression of different sets of transcription factors. This study consists of a technique to obtain iPSCs from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in a feeder layer-free process using a mini-circle vector containing defined reprogramming genes, Lin28, Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2. The human MSCs transfected with the minicircle vector were cultured in iPSCs medium. Human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like colonies with tightly packed domelike structures appeared 7-10 days after the second transfection. In the earliest stages, the colonies were green fluorescence protein (GFP)-positive, while upon continuous culture and passage, genuine hiPSC clones expressing GFP were observed. The induced cells, based on the ectopic expression of the pluripotent markers, exhibited characteristics similar to the embryonic stem cells. These iPSCs demonstrated in vitro capabilities for differentiation into the three main embryonic germ layers by embryoid bodies formation. There was no evidence of transgenes integration into the genome of the iPSCs in this study. In conclusion, this method offers a means of producing iPSCs without viral delivery that could possibly overcome ethical concerns and immune rejection in the use of stem cells in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Daneshvar
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Abdullah Rasedee
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Hassan Moeini
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Virus-Associated Tumours (F100), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, DH-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Parvaneh Mehrboud
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimany, Sulaimany City, Iraq
| | | | - Shalini Vellasamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Daneshvar N, Abdullah R, Shamsabadi FT, How CW, Mh MA, Mehrbod P. PAMAM dendrimer roles in gene delivery methods and stem cell research. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:415-9. [PMID: 23504853 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has provided new technological opportunities, which could help in challenges confronting stem cell research. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, a new class of macromolecular polymers with high molecular uniformity, narrow molecular distribution specific size and shape and highly functionalised terminal surface have been extensively explored for biomedical application. PAMAM dendrimers are also nanospherical, hyperbranched and monodispersive molecules exhibiting exclusive properties which make them potential carriers for drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Daneshvar
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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10
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Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) — A rapidly-expanding toolbox for targeted genomic modifications. Gene 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Differentiated adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) lack significant regenerative potential, which is one reason why degenerative heart diseases are the leading cause of death in the western world. For future cardiac repair, stem cell-based therapeutic strategies may become alternatives to donor heart transplantation. The principle of reprogramming adult terminally differentiated cells (iPSC) had a major impact on stem cell biology. One can now generate autologous pluripotent cells that highly resemble embryonic stem cells (ESC) and that are ethically inoffensive as opposed to human ESC. Yet, due to genetic and epigenetic aberrations arising during the full reprogramming process, it is questionable whether iPSC will enter the clinic in the near future. Therefore, the recent achievement of directly reprogramming fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes via a milder approach, thereby avoiding an initial pluripotent state, may become of great importance. In addition, various clinical scenarios will depend on the availability of specific cardiac cellular subtypes, for which a first step was achieved via our own programming approach to achieve cardiovascular cell subtypes. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the cardiovascular stem cell field addressing the above mentioned aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert David
- 1st Medical Department, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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Wei Y, Zeng W, Wan R, Wang J, Zhou Q, Qiu S, Singh SR. Chondrogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells from osteoarthritic chondrocytes in alginate matrix. Eur Cell Mater 2012; 23:1-12. [PMID: 22241609 PMCID: PMC7447074 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v023a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to revolutionise cell therapy; however, it remains unclear whether iPSCs can be generated from human osteoarthritic chondrocytes (OCs) and subsequently induced to differentiate into chondrocytes. In the present study, we investigated the differentiation potential of OCs into iPSCs using defined transcription factors and explored the possibility of using these OC-derived iPSCs for chondrogenesis. Our study demonstrates that iPSCs can be generated from OCs and that these iPSCs are indistinguishable from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). To promote chondrogenic differentiation, we used lentivirus to transduce iPSCs seeded in alginate matrix with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and then in vitro co-cultured these iPSCs with chondrocytes. Gene expression analysis showed that this combinational strategy promotes the differentiation of the established iPSCs into chondrocytes in alginate matrix. Increased expression of cartilage-related genes, including collagen II, aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and decreased gene expression of the degenerative cartilage marker, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were observed. The histological results revealed a dense sulphated extracellular matrix in the co-culture of TGF-β1-transfected iPSCs with chondrocytes in alginate matrix. Additionally, in vivo chondroinductive activity was also evaluated. Histological examination revealed that more new cartilage was formed in the co-culture of TGF-β1-transfected iPSCs with chondrocytes in alginate matrix. Taken together, our data indicate that iPSCs can be generated from OCs by defined factors and the combinational strategy results in significantly improved chondrogenesis of OC-derived iPSCs. This work adds to our understanding of potential solutions to osteoarthritic cell replacement problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Address for correspondence: Yiyong Wei, Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China, Telephone Number: 86-21-64370045-663538, ; Alternatively: Shree Ram Singh,
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijing Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Bone and Mineral Research Laboratory, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA,Address for correspondence: Yiyong Wei, Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China, Telephone Number: 86-21-64370045-663538, ; Alternatively: Shree Ram Singh,
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Haider KH, Ashraf M. Preconditioning approach in stem cell therapy for the treatment of infarcted heart. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 111:323-56. [PMID: 22917238 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398459-3.00015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nearly two decades of research in regenerative medicine have been focused on the development of stem cells as a therapeutic option for treatment of the ischemic heart. Given the ability of stem cells to regenerate the damaged tissue, stem-cell-based therapy is an ideal approach for cardiovascular disorders. Preclinical studies in experimental animal models and clinical trials to determine the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy have produced encouraging results that promise angiomyogenic repair of the ischemically damaged heart. Despite these promising results, stem cell therapy is still confronted with issues ranging from uncertainty about the as-yet-undetermined "ideal" donor cell type to the nonoptimized cell delivery strategies to harness optimal clinical benefits. Moreover, these lacunae have significantly hampered the progress of the heart cell therapy approach from bench to bedside for routine clinical applications. Massive death of donor cells in the infarcted myocardium during acute phase postengraftment is one of the areas of prime concern, which immensely lowers the efficacy of the procedure. An overview of the published data relevant to stem cell therapy is provided here and the various strategies that have been adopted to develop and optimize the protocols to enhance donor stem cell survival posttransplantation are discussed, with special focus on the preconditioning approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Husnain Haider
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Reprogramming of adult somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells may provide an attractive source of stem cells for regenerative medicine. It has emerged as an invaluable method for generating patient-specific stem cells of any cell lineage without the use of embryonic stem cells. A revolutionary study in 2006 showed that it is possible to convert adult somatic cells directly into pluripotent stem cells by using a limited number of pluripotent transcription factors and is called as iPS cells. Currently, both genomic integrating viral and nonintegrating nonviral methods are used to generate iPS cells. However, the viral-based technology poses increased risk of safety, and more studies are now focused on nonviral-based technology to obtain autologous stem cells for clinical therapy. In this review, the pros and cons of the present iPS cell technology and the future direction for the successful translation of this technology into the clinic are discussed.
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