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Romero G, Contreras LM, Aguirre Céspedes C, Wilkesman J, Clemente-Jiménez JM, Rodríguez-Vico F, Las Heras-Vázquez FJ. Efficiency Assessment between Entrapment and Covalent Bond Immobilization of Mutant β-Xylosidase onto Chitosan Support. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3170. [PMID: 37571063 PMCID: PMC10421103 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y509E mutant of β-xylosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (XynB2Y509E) (which also bears xylanase activity) has been immobilized in chitosan spheres through either entrapment or covalent bond formation methods. The maximum immobilization yield by entrapment was achieved by chitosan beads developed using a 2% chitosan solution after 1 h of maturation time in CFG buffer with ethanol. On the other hand, the highest value in covalent bond immobilization was observed when employing chitosan beads that were prepared from a 2% chitosan solution after 4 h of activation in 1% glutaraldehyde solution at pH 8. The activity expressed after immobilization by covalent bonding was 23% higher compared to the activity expressed following entrapment immobilization, with values of 122.3 and 99.4 IU.g-1, respectively. Kinetic data revealed that catalytic turnover values were decreased as compared to a free counterpart. Both biocatalysts showed increased thermal and pH stability, along with an improved storage capacity, as they retained 88% and 40% of their activity after being stored at 4 °C for two months. Moreover, XynB2Y509E immobilized by covalent binding also exhibited outstanding reusability, retaining 92% of activity after 10 cycles of reuse. In conclusion, our results suggest that the covalent bond method appears to be the best choice for XynB2Y509E immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Romero
- Center for Environmental, Biological and Chemical Research, Experimental Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Carabobo, Valencia 2001, Venezuela; (G.R.); (J.W.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Carabobo, Naguanagua 2005, Venezuela
| | - Lellys M. Contreras
- Center for Environmental, Biological and Chemical Research, Experimental Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Carabobo, Valencia 2001, Venezuela; (G.R.); (J.W.)
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Building CITE 1, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (J.M.C.-J.); (F.R.-V.)
| | - Carolina Aguirre Céspedes
- Centro de Energía, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Casilla 297, Concepción 4090541, Chile;
| | - Jeff Wilkesman
- Center for Environmental, Biological and Chemical Research, Experimental Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Carabobo, Valencia 2001, Venezuela; (G.R.); (J.W.)
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Paul-Wittsack-Straße 10, D-68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Josefa María Clemente-Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Building CITE 1, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (J.M.C.-J.); (F.R.-V.)
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Felipe Rodríguez-Vico
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Building CITE 1, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (J.M.C.-J.); (F.R.-V.)
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Las Heras-Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Building CITE 1, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (J.M.C.-J.); (F.R.-V.)
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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Abdella MAA, Ahmed SA, Hassan ME. Protease immobilization on a novel activated carrier alginate/dextrose beads: Improved stability and catalytic activity via covalent binding. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123139. [PMID: 36621737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protease from Bacillus thuringiensis strain-MA8 was successfully immobilized onto activated Alginate/dextrose (Alg/dex) beads as a new carrier with immobilization yield 77.6 %. The carrier was characterized using Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometer at every step of the immobilization process. Immobilized protease showed an increase of 10 °C in the optimum temperature compared to the free enzyme. However, the optimum pH for both the free and the Alg/dex/protease was found to be 8. The lower activation energy and deactivation rate constant and the higher half-life time and D-value confirm that the new Alg/dex carrier is suitable for promoting enzyme stability. The raise in thermal stability is also shown by the increased deactivation energy of the Alg/dex/protease compared to its free form by 1.47-fold. Likewise, the enzyme immobilization enhancement of Alg/dex/protease was accompanied by a marked increase in enthalpy and Gibbs free energy. The negative entropy for both free and Alg/dex/protease indicates that the enzyme is more stable in thermal deactivation. The Km and Vmax for the Alg/dex/protease were 2.05 and 1.22-times greater than the free form. Furthermore, Alg/dex/protease displayed good reusability as it retained 92.7 and 52.4 % of its activity after 8 and 12 hydrolysis cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Abdella
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug industries research institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug industries research institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt..
| | - Mohamed E Hassan
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug industries research institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.; Centre of Excellence, Encapsulation Nanobiotechnology Group, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Optimized Conditions for Preparing a Heterogeneous Biocatalyst via Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of β-Glucosidase from Aspergillus niger. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mainly aims to find the optimal conditions for immobilizing a non-commercial β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger via cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) by investigating the effect of cross-linking agent (glutaraldehyde) concentration and soy protein isolate/enzyme ratio (or spacer/enzyme ratio) on the catalytic performance of β-glucosidase through the central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The influence of certain parameters such as pH and temperature on the hydrolytic activity of the resulting heterogeneous biocatalyst was assessed and compared with those of a soluble enzyme. The catalytic performance of both the soluble and immobilized enzyme was assessed by hydrolyzing ρ-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (ρ-NPG) at pH 4.5 and 50 °C. It was found that there was a maximum recovered activity of around 33% (corresponding to hydrolytic activity of 0.48 U/mL) in a spacer/enzyme ratio of 4.69 (mg/mg) using 25.5 mM glutaraldehyde. The optimal temperature and pH conditions for the soluble enzyme were 60 °C and 4.5, respectively, while those for CLEAs of β-glucosidase were between 50 and 65 °C and pH 3.5 and 4.0. These results reveal that the immobilized enzyme is more stable in a wider pH and temperature range than its soluble form. Furthermore, an improvement was observed in thermal stability after immobilization. After 150 days at 4 °C, the heterogeneous biocatalyst retained 80% of its original activity, while the soluble enzyme retained only 10%. The heterogeneous biocatalyst preparation was also characterized by TG/DTG and FT-IR analyses that confirmed the introduction of carbon chains via cross-linking. Therefore, the immobilized biocatalyst prepared in this study has improved enzyme stabilization, and it is an interesting approach to preparing heterogeneous biocatalysts for industrial applications.
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Chemo-Enzymatic Production of 4-Nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside Using Immobilized β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Nitrophenyl derivatives of glycosides are convenient substrates used to detect and characterize α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. A new procedure combining chemical and biocatalytic steps was developed to prepare 4-nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside (4NP-α-GalNAc). The α-anomer was prepared through chemical synthesis of an anomeric mixture followed by selective removal of the β-anomer using specific enzymatic hydrolysis. Fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (Hex) from Penicillium oxalicum CCF 1959 served this purpose owing to its high chemo-and regioselectivity towards the β-anomeric N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) derivative. The kinetic measurements of the hydrolytic reaction showed that the enzyme was not inhibited by the substrate or reaction products. The immobilization of Hex in lens-shaped polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel capsules provided a biocatalyst with very good storage and operational stability. The immobilized Hex retained 97% of the initial activity after ten repeated uses and 90% of the initial activity after 18 months of storage at 4 °C. Immobilization inactivated 65% of the enzyme activity. However, the effectiveness factor and kinetic and mass transfer phenomena approached unity indicating negligible mass transfer limitations.
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Immobilization-Stabilization of β-Glucosidase for Implementation of Intensified Hydrolysis of Cellobiose in Continuous Flow Reactors. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose saccharification to glucose is an operation of paramount importance in the bioenergy sector and the chemical and food industries, while glucose is a critical platform chemical in the integrated biorefinery. Among the cellulose degrading enzymes, β-glucosidases are responsible for cellobiose hydrolysis, the final step in cellulose saccharification, which is usually the critical bottleneck for the whole cellulose saccharification process. The design of very active and stable β-glucosidase-based biocatalysts is a key strategy to implement an efficient saccharification process. Enzyme immobilization and reaction engineering are two fundamental tools for its understanding and implementation. Here, we have designed an immobilized-stabilized solid-supported β-glucosidase based on the glyoxyl immobilization chemistry applied in porous solid particles. The biocatalyst was stable at operational temperature and highly active, which allowed us to implement 25 °C as working temperature with a catalyst productivity of 109 mmol/min/gsupport. Cellobiose degradation was implemented in discontinuous stirred tank reactors, following which a simplified kinetic model was applied to assess the process limitations due to substrate and product inhibition. Finally, the reactive process was driven in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor, achieving reaction intensification under mild operation conditions, reaching full cellobiose conversion of 34 g/L in a reaction time span of 20 min.
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Angelotti JAF, Dias FFG, Sato HH, Fernandes P, Nakajima VM, Macedo J. Improvement of Aglycone Content in Soy Isoflavones Extract by Free and Immobilized Β-Glucosidase and their Effects in Lipid Accumulation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:734-750. [PMID: 32535816 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most important commodities in the world, being applied in feed crops and food, pharmaceutical industries in different ways. Soy is rich in isoflavones that in aglycone forms have exhibited significant anti-obesity and anti-lipogenic effects. Obesity is a global problem as several diseases have been related to this worldwide epidemic. The aim of this work was to verify the effect of free and immobilized β-glucosidase, testing Lentikats, and sol-gel as carriers. Moreover, we wanted to examine if the different types of hydrolysis would generate extracts with distinct biological activity concerning lipid accumulation, PPAR-α regulation, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations using in vitro assays. Our results show that all formulations of β-glucosidase could hydrolyze soy isoflavones. Thus, after 24 h of incubation, daidzein content increased 2.6-, 10.8-, and 12.2-fold; and genistein content increased 11.7, 11.4, and 11.4 times with the use of free enzyme, Lentikats®, and sol-gel immobilized enzyme, respectively. Moreover, both methodologies for enzyme immobilization led to promising forms of biocatalysts for application in the production of soy extracts rich in isoflavones aglycones, which are expected to bring about health benefits. A mild lipogenic effect was observed for some concentrations of extracts, as well as a slight inhibition in PPAR-α expression, although no significant differences were noticeable in the cytokines TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 as compared with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelise A F Angelotti
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, R. Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda F G Dias
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, 2212 Robert Mondavi Institute-South, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hélia H Sato
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- DREAMS e Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vânia M Nakajima
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition, Fluminense Federal University-UFVF, rua Mários Santos Braga 30, CEP, Niterói, RJ, 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Juliana Macedo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, CP 6121, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
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Karami F, Ghorbani M, Sadeghi Mahoonak A, Khodarahmi R. Fast, inexpensive purification of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger and improved catalytic/physicochemical properties upon the enzyme immobilization: Possible broad prospects for industrial applications. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Carrillo-Nieves D, Rostro Alanís MJ, de la Cruz Quiroz R, Ruiz HA, Iqbal HM, Parra-Saldívar R. Current status and future trends of bioethanol production from agro-industrial wastes in Mexico. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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9
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Cross-Linking with Polyethylenimine Confers Better Functional Characteristics to an Immobilized β-glucosidase from Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-glucosidases are ubiquitous, well-characterized and biologically important enzymes with considerable uses in industrial sectors. Here, a tetrameric β-glucosidase from Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7 (EaBglA) was immobilized on different activated agarose supports followed by post-immobilization with poly-functional macromolecules. The best result was obtained by the immobilization of EaBglA on metal glutaraldehyde-activated agarose support following cross-linking with polyethylenimine. Interestingly, the immobilized EaBglA was 46-fold more stable than its free form and showed optimum pH in the acidic region, with high catalytic activity in the pH range from 3 to 9, while the free EaBglA showed catalytic activity in a narrow pH range (>80% at pH 6.0–8.0) and optimum pH at 7.0. EaBglA had the optimum temperature changed from 30 °C to 50 °C with the immobilization step. The immobilized EaBglA showed an expressive adaptation to pH and it was tolerant to ethanol and glucose, indicating suitable properties involving the saccharification process. Even after 9 cycles of reuse, the immobilized β-glucosidase retained about 100% of its initial activity, demonstrating great operational stability. Hence, the current study describes an efficient strategy to increase the functional characteristics of a tetrameric β-glucosidase for future use in the bioethanol production.
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Nishida VS, de Oliveira RF, Brugnari T, Correa RCG, Peralta RA, Castoldi R, de Souza CG, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Immobilization of Aspergillus awamori β-glucosidase on commercial gelatin: An inexpensive and efficient process. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1206-1213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ionata E, Marcolongo L, La Cara F, Cetrangolo GP, Febbraio F. Improvement of functional properties of a thermostable β-glycosidase for milk lactose hydrolysis. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23118. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ionata
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via P. Castellino 111; Naples 80131 Italy
| | - Loredana Marcolongo
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via P. Castellino 111; Naples 80131 Italy
| | - Francesco La Cara
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via P. Castellino 111; Naples 80131 Italy
| | - Giovanni P. Cetrangolo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via P. Castellino 111; Naples 80131 Italy
| | - Ferdinando Febbraio
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via P. Castellino 111; Naples 80131 Italy
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Chaitanyakumar A, Anbalagan M. Expression, purification and immobilization of tannase from Staphylococcus lugdunensis MTCC 3614. AMB Express 2016; 6:89. [PMID: 27704471 PMCID: PMC5050181 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes find their applications in various industries, due to their error free conversion of substrate into product. Tannase is an enzyme used by various industries for degradation of tannin. Biochemical characterization of a specific enzyme from one organism to other is one of the ways to search for enzymes with better traits for industrial applications. Here, tannase encoding gene from Staphylococcus lugdunensis was cloned and suitability of the enzyme in various conditions was analysed to find its application in various industry. The recombinant protein was expressed with 6× His tag and purified using nickel affinity beads. The enzyme was purified up to homogeneity, with approximate molecular weight of 66 kDa. Purified tannase exhibited specific activity of about 716 U/mg. Optimum enzyme activity was found to be 40 °C at pH 7.0. Biochemical characterization revealed; metal ions such as Zn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+ inhibited tannase activity, and SDS at lower concentration, increased tannase activity. Non polar organic solvents increased the tannase activity and polar solvents inhibited the tannase activity. Tannase immobilization studies show protection of the enzyme under wide range of pH and temperature. Also in this study we report a method for recovery and repeated use of the tannase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Anbalagan
- School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014 India
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Hydrolysis of isoflavone in black soy milk using cellulose bead as enzyme immobilizer. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:788-795. [PMID: 28911617 PMCID: PMC9337284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of a catalytic system to enrich isoflavone aglycones in black soybean milk was investigated in this study. Beta-glucosidase, which was covalently immobilized onto cellulose beads, exhibited a significant efficiency for the conversion of 4-nitrophenyl β-d-glucuronide to p-nitrophenol over the sol–gel method. The Michaelis constant (Km) of the cellulose bead enzymatic system was determined to be 1.50 ± 0.10 mM. Operational reusability of the cellulose bead enzymatic system was justified for more than 10 batch reactions in black soy milk. Moreover, the storage stability verification indicated that the cellulose bead catalytic system was able to sustain its highest catalytic activity for 10 days. High-performance liquid chromatography results demonstrated that this enzymatic system required only 30 minutes to achieve complete isoflavone deglycosylation, and the aglycone content in the total isoflavones in black soy milk was enriched by 67% within 30 minutes by the cellulose bead enzymatic system.
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Immobilization of Glycoside Hydrolase Families GH1, GH13, and GH70: State of the Art and Perspectives. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081074. [PMID: 27548117 PMCID: PMC6274110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases (GH) are enzymes capable to hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between two carbohydrates or even between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. Because of the increasing interest for industrial applications of these enzymes, the immobilization of GH has become an important development in order to improve its activity, stability, as well as the possibility of its reuse in batch reactions and in continuous processes. In this review, we focus on the broad aspects of immobilization of enzymes from the specific GH families. A brief introduction on methods of enzyme immobilization is presented, discussing some advantages and drawbacks of this technology. We then review the state of the art of enzyme immobilization of families GH1, GH13, and GH70, with special attention on the enzymes β-glucosidase, α-amylase, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, and dextransucrase. In each case, the immobilization protocols are evaluated considering their positive and negative aspects. Finally, the perspectives on new immobilization methods are briefly presented.
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Çelik A, Dinçer A, Aydemir T. Characterization of β-glucosidase immobilized on chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS) and their application on tea extracts for aroma enhancement. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:406-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Javed MR, Buthe A, Rashid MH, Wang P. Cost-efficient entrapment of β-glucosidase in nanoscale latex and silicone polymeric thin films for use as stable biocatalysts. Food Chem 2015. [PMID: 26213079 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase is an ubiquitous enzyme which has enormous biotechnological applications. Its deficiency in natural enzyme preparations is often overcome by exogenous supplementation, which further increases the enzyme utilization cost. Enzyme immobilization offers a potential solution through enzyme recycling and easy recovery. In the present work Aspergillus niger β-glucosidase is immobilized within nanoscale polymeric materials (polyurethane, latex and silicone), through entrapment, and subsequently coated onto a fibrous support. Highest apparent activity (90 U g(-1) polymer) was observed with latex, while highest entrapment efficiency (93%) was observed for the silicone matrix. Immobilization resulted in the thermo-stabilization of the β-glucosidase with an increase in optimum temperature and activation energy for cellobiose hydrolysis. Supplementation to cellulases also resulted in an increased cellulose hydrolysis, while retaining more than 70% functional stability. Hence, the current study describes novel preparations of immobilized β-glucosidase as highly stable and active catalysts for industrial food- and bio-processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Andreas Buthe
- c-LEcta GmbH, Perlickstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Muhammad Hamid Rashid
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ping Wang
- Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Chen T, Yang W, Guo Y, Yuan R, Xu L, Yan Y. Enhancing catalytic performance of β-glucosidase via immobilization on metal ions chelated magnetic nanoparticles. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 63:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Ahmed SA, El-Shayeb NMA, Hashem AM, Saleh SA, Abdel-Fattah AF. Biochemical studies on immobilized fungal β-glucosidase. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322013000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Immobilization of β-Glucosidase and Its Application for Enhancement of Aroma Precursors in Muscat Wine. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zheng P, Wang J, Lu C, Xu Y, Sun Z. Immobilized β-glucosidase on magnetic chitosan microspheres for hydrolysis of straw cellulose. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Figueira JA, Sato HH, Fernandes P. Establishing the feasibility of using β-glucosidase entrapped in Lentikats and in sol-gel supports for cellobiose hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:626-34. [PMID: 23294439 DOI: 10.1021/jf304594s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases represent an important group of enzymes due to their pivotal role in various biotechnological processes. One of the most prominent is biomass degradation for the production of fuel ethanol from cellulosic agricultural residues and wastes, where the use of immobilized biocatalysts may prove advantageous. Within such scope, the present work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of entrapping β-glucosidase in either sol-gel or in Lentikats supports for application in cellobiose hydrolysis, and to perform the characterization of the resulting bioconversion systems. The activity and stability of the immobilized biocatalyst over given ranges of temperature and pH values were assessed, as well as kinetic data, and compared to the free form, and the operational stability was evaluated. Immobilization increased the thermal stability of the enzyme, with a 10 °C shift to an optimal temperature in the case of sol-gel support. Mass transfer hindrances as a result of immobilization were not significant, for sol-gel support. Lentikats-entrapped glucosidase was used in 19 consecutive batch runs for cellobiose hydrolysis, without noticeable decrease in product yield. Moreover, encouraging results were obtained for continuous operation. In the overall, the feasibility of using immobilized biocatalysts for cellobiose hydrolysis was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelise A Figueira
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Contesini FJ, de Alencar Figueira J, Kawaguti HY, de Barros Fernandes PC, de Oliveira Carvalho P, Nascimento MDG, Sato HH. Potential applications of carbohydrases immobilization in the food industry. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1335-69. [PMID: 23344046 PMCID: PMC3565324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrases find a wide application in industrial processes and products, mainly in the food industry. With these enzymes, it is possible to obtain different types of sugar syrups (viz. glucose, fructose and inverted sugar syrups), prebiotics (viz. galactooligossacharides and fructooligossacharides) and isomaltulose, which is an interesting sweetener substitute for sucrose to improve the sensory properties of juices and wines and to reduce lactose in milk. The most important carbohydrases to accomplish these goals are of microbial origin and include amylases (α-amylases and glucoamylases), invertases, inulinases, galactosidases, glucosidases, fructosyltransferases, pectinases and glucosyltransferases. Yet, for all these processes to be cost-effective for industrial application, a very efficient, simple and cheap immobilization technique is required. Immobilization techniques can involve adsorption, entrapment or covalent bonding of the enzyme into an insoluble support, or carrier-free methods, usually based on the formation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). They include a broad variety of supports, such as magnetic materials, gums, gels, synthetic polymers and ionic resins. All these techniques present advantages and disadvantages and several parameters must be considered. In this work, the most recent and important studies on the immobilization of carbohydrases with potential application in the food industry are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Jares Contesini
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Food Science, College of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, 13083-862, P.O. Box 6121, Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (J.A.F.); (H.Y.K.); (H.H.S.)
| | - Joelise de Alencar Figueira
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Food Science, College of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, 13083-862, P.O. Box 6121, Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (J.A.F.); (H.Y.K.); (H.H.S.)
| | - Haroldo Yukio Kawaguti
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Food Science, College of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, 13083-862, P.O. Box 6121, Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (J.A.F.); (H.Y.K.); (H.H.S.)
| | | | - Patrícia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, University São Francisco, São Francisco de Assis Av, 218, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Maria da Graça Nascimento
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Hélia Harumi Sato
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Department of Food Science, College of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, 13083-862, P.O. Box 6121, Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (J.A.F.); (H.Y.K.); (H.H.S.)
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Immobilized l-aspartate ammonia-lyase from Bacillus sp. YM55-1 as biocatalyst for highly concentrated l-aspartate synthesis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 35:1437-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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