1
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Glucomannan as a Dietary Supplement for Treatment of Breast Cancer in a Mouse Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101746. [PMID: 36298611 PMCID: PMC9608331 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a water-soluble polysaccharide derived from the Amorphophallus’s tuber and, as herbal medicine has shown, can suppress tumor growth or improve health. However, there has been no investigation into the effects of KGM on breast tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, in two cohort experiments, we assessed the effect of glucomannan at daily doses of 2 and 4 mg for 28 days as a dietary supplement and also glucomannan in combination with tumor lysate vaccine as an adjuvant. Tumor volume was monitored twice weekly. In addition, TNF-α cytokines and granzyme B (Gr–B) release were measured with ELISA kits, and IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ were used as an index for cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Moreover, TGF-β and Foxp3 gene expression were assessed in a real-time PCR test. The results show that glucomannan as a dietary supplement increased the IFN-γ cytokine and Th1 responses to suppress tumor growth. Glucomannan as a dietary supplement at the 4 mg dose increased the IL-4 cytokine response compared to control groups. In addition, cell lysate immunization with 2 or 4 mg of glucomannan suppressed tumor growth. As an adjuvant, glucomannan at both doses showed 41.53% and 52.10% tumor suppression compared with the PBS group. Furthermore, the administration of glucomannan as a dietary supplement or adjuvant reduced regulatory T cell response through decreasing TGF-β and Foxp3 gene expression in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, glucomannan as a dietary supplement or adjuvant enhanced the immune responses of tumor-bearing mice and decreased immune response suppression in the tumor milieu, making it a potentially excellent therapeutic agent for lowering breast tumor growth.
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2
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Joshi A, Vishnu G K A, Dhruv D, Kurpad V, Pandya HJ. Morphology-Tuned Electrochemical Immunosensing of a Breast Cancer Biomarker Using Hierarchical Palladium Nanostructured Interfaces. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34177-34189. [PMID: 36188250 PMCID: PMC9520690 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanostructures are considered attractive candidates for designing novel biosensors due to their enormously significant surface area, accelerated kinetics, and improved affinity. Controllable morphological tuning of metallic nanostructures on sensing interfaces is crucial for attaining clinically relevant sensitivity and exquisite selectivity in a complex biological environment. Therefore, a facile, convenient, and robust one-step electroreduction method was employed to develop different morphological variants of palladium (Pd) nanostructures supported onto oxidized carbon nanotubes to facilitate label-free electrochemical immunosensing of HER2. The morphological and structural attributes of the synthesized Pd nanostructures were thoroughly investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy techniques. In-depth electrochemical investigations revealed an intimate correlation between the nanostructured sensor and electrochemical response, suggesting the suitability of hierarchical palladium nanostructures supported onto carbon nanotubes [Pd(-0.1 V)/CNT] for sensitive detection of HER2. The high surface area of hierarchical Pd nanostructures enabled an ultrasensitive electrochemical response toward HER2 (detection limit: 1 ng/mL) with a wide detection range of 10 to 100 ng/mL. The ease of surface modification, sensitivity, and reliable electrochemical response in human plasma samples suggested the enormous potential of Pd nanostructuring for chip-level point-of-care screening of HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Joshi
- Department
of Electronic Systems Engineering, Division of EECS, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anil Vishnu G K
- Centre
for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Dhananjay Dhruv
- Natubhai
V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Charutar Vidya Mandal University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - Vishnu Kurpad
- SriShankara
Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru 560004, Karnataka, India
| | - Hardik J. Pandya
- Department
of Electronic Systems Engineering, Division of EECS, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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3
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Xie Y, Wen Y, Su X, Zheng C, Li M. Label-Free Plasmon-Enhanced Spectroscopic HER2 Detection for Dynamic Therapeutic Surveillance of Breast Cancer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12762-12771. [PMID: 36069700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) has important implications for pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic efficacy of breast cancer. The detection of its variation during the treatment is crucial for therapeutic decision-making but remains a grand challenge, especially at the cellular level. Here, we develop a machine learning-driven surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-integrated strategy for label-free detection of cellular HER2. Specifically, our method allows the extraction of cell-rich spectral signatures utilized for identification and classification of cancer cells with distinct HER2 expression with a high accuracy of 99.6%. By combining label-free SERS detection and machine learning-driven chemometric analysis, we are able to perform longitudinal monitoring of therapeutic efficacy at the cellular level during the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer, which aids in the subsequent decision-making and management. This work provides a promising technique capable of performing dynamic label-free spectroscopic detection for therapeutic surveillance of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangcenzi Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoming Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
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4
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Herbal Ingredients in the Prevention of Breast Cancer: Comprehensive Review of Potential Molecular Targets and Role of Natural Products. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6044640. [PMID: 36017236 PMCID: PMC9398845 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6044640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among various cancers, breast cancer is the most prevalent type in women throughout the world. Breast cancer treatment is challenging due to complex nature of the etiology of disease. Cell division cycle alterations are often encountered in a variety of cancer types including breast cancer. Common treatments include chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy; however, adverse effects and multidrug resistance lead to complications and noncompliance. Accordingly, there is an increasing demand for natural products from medicinal plants and foods. This review summarizes molecular mechanisms of signaling pathways in breast cancer and identifies mechanisms by which natural compounds may exert their efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer.
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5
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Ahirwar R. Recent advances in nanomaterials-based electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors for HER2 assessment in breast cancer. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:317. [PMID: 34476602 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the key molecular targets in breast cancer pathogenesis. Overexpression and/or amplification of HER2 in approximately 15-20% of breast cancer patients is associated with high mortality and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence shows that accurate and sensitive detection of HER2 improves the survival outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancer patients from targeted therapies. The current methods of clinical determination of HER2 expression levels are based on slide-based assays that rely on invasively collected primary tumours. Alternatively, ELISA-based detection of the shredded HER2 extracellular domain (HER2-ECD) of has been suggested as a surrogate method for monitoring disease progress and treatment response in breast cancer patients. In the past decade, biosensors have emerged as an alternative modality for the detection of circulating HER2-ECD in human serum samples. In particular, electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterials and antibodies and aptamers have been increasingly developed as promising tools for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of HER2-ECD. These biosensors harness the high affinity and specificity of antibodies and aptamers, and unique conductive properties, biocompatibility, large surface area, and chemical stability of nanomaterials for selective and sensitive assessment of the HER2. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the application of nanomaterials-based immunosensors and aptasensors for detection of circulating HER2-ECD. In particular, various electrochemical techniques, detection approaches, and nanomaterials are discussed. Further, analytical figures of merit of various HER2 immunosensors and aptasensors are compared. Finally, possible challenges and potential opportunities for biosensor-based detection of HER2-ECD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ahirwar
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India.
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6
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Safaei A, Monabati A, Mokhtari M, Montazer M. Cytoplasmic Her2/neu Immunohistochemical Staining in Breast Cancer; From a Molecular Point of View. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 14:270-271. [PMID: 31583007 PMCID: PMC6742732 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2019.76630.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Safaei
- Department of Hematopathology, Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Monabati
- Department of Hematopathology, Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maral Mokhtari
- Department of Hematopathology, Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Montazer
- Department of Hematopathology, Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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7
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Zhang M, Li X, Gao G, Deng C. Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Based on a Dual-Tagged Fluorescent Probe. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1651324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Geratology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Gharib E, Salmanipour R, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Yaghoob Taleghani M, Sarlak S, Malekzade-Moghani M, Nasrabadi PN, Meiary MA, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali MR. HER2 + mCRC patients with exon 20 R784G substitution mutation do not respond to the cetuximab therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:13137-13144. [PMID: 30549033 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) gene undergoes various mutations that could alter its activity or respond to the antibody therapies. Cetuximab, a known anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAB), is widely administered in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) cases. Here we identified mCRC patients who did not respond to cetuximab (500 mg/m2 , q2w) after fluoropyrimidine/oxaliplatin regimen failure. Tumor samples were examined with immunohistochemistry for protein distribution, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing for mutation detection and real-time PCR for mRNA expression pattern analysis between cetuximab sensitive and resistance patients. The conformational differences of normal and mutated protein structures were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The 5-year survival rates of target groups were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Immunohistochemistry showed that all cases had high level of HER2 protein. No K-Ras or B-Raf mutation was observed among the study population; however, cetuximab resistance patients harbored a somatic mutation R784G at the exon 20 region of HER2 coding sequence. According to bioinformatics analysis, this mutation caused a notable misfold in protein conformation. Meanwhile, survival analysis showed R784G mutated mCRC patients had shortened survival rate compared with the mCRC cases with wild-type HER2. Collectively, these data report a new mechanism of resistance to cetuximab and might be applicable in modifying new therapeutic strategies for HER2 involved cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Salmanipour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yaghoob Taleghani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Sarlak
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Malekzade-Moghani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Nasri Nasrabadi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Meiary
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Yang L, Zhang Z, Li J, Chen M, Yang J, Fu J, Bu H, Tang S, Liu Y, Li H, Li X, Xu F, Teng X, Yang Y, Ma Y, Guo S, Wang J, Guo D. A decision tree-based prediction model for fluorescence in situ hybridization HER2 gene status in HER2 immunohistochemistry-2+ breast cancers: a 2538-case multicenter study on consecutive surgical specimens. J Cancer 2018; 9:2327-2333. [PMID: 30026828 PMCID: PMC6036724 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the proportion of HER2 gene amplifications and the association between the HER2-IHC-staining pattern and gene status in IHC-2+ breast cancers according to 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed and re-evaluated the IHC-staining pattern of 2538 IHC-2+ surgical specimens of breast cancer from November 2014 to October 2015 in 12 institutions. All cases used for building a prediction model of HER2 gene amplification according to the IHC-staining pattern and were randomly divided into a training set (n = 1914) or validation set (n = 624). Results: The overall HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) amplification, non-amplification and equivocation rates in HER2 IHC-2+ cases were 17.8%, 76.2% and 6.0%, respectively. In the training set, cases that had ≤ 10% of cells with intense, complete and circumferential membrane staining or had > 85% of cells with complete membrane staining of any staining intensity tended to be HER2 gene amplified (77.0% and 60.5%, respectively). And cases with weak and incomplete membrane staining had the lowest amplification rate of 6.1%. The prediction model was constructed based on IHC-staining pattern in the training set and validated using a validation set. The positive and negative prediction values were 51.6% and 79.2%, respectively, in the validation set. Moreover, the HER2 copy number per cell was much higher in cases with amplification-associated staining patterns (7.84 and 8.75) than in cases with non-amplification-associated staining patterns (2.97 to 4.41, P < 0.05). Conclusions: In HER2 IHC-2+ breast cancers, the staining pattern is associated with the HER2 gene status. This finding is compatible with recommendations of 2013 ASCO/CAP guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Yang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jieliang Yang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People' s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shaoxian Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huixiang Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fangping Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Teng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yinghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Shuangping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jinfen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Deyu Guo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Carvajal S, Fera SN, Jones AL, Baldo TA, Mosa IM, Rusling JF, Krause CE. Disposable inkjet-printed electrochemical platform for detection of clinically relevant HER-2 breast cancer biomarker. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 104:158-162. [PMID: 29331430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly fabricated, disposable sensor platforms hold tremendous promise for point-of-care detection. Here, we present an inexpensive (< $0.25) fully inkjet printed electrochemical sensor with integrated counter, reference, and working electrodes that is easily scalable for commercial fabrication. The electrochemical sensor platform featured an inkjet printed gold working 8-electrode array (WEA) and counter electrode (CE), along with an inkjet -printed silver electrode that was chlorinated with bleach to produce a Ag/AgCl quasi-reference electrode (RE). As proof of concept, the electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for detection of clinically relevant breast cancer biomarker Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2). Capture antibodies were bound to a chemically modified surface on the WEA and placed into a microfluidic device. A full sandwich immunoassay was constructed following a simultaneous injection of target protein, biotinylated antibody, and polymerized horseradish peroxide labels into the microfluidic device housing the WEA. With an ultra fast assay time, of only 15mins a clinically relevant limit of detection of 12pgmL-1 was achieved. Excellent reproducibility and sensitivity were observed through recovery assays preformed in human serum with recoveries ranging from 76% to 103%. These easily fabricated and scalable electrochemical sensor platforms can be readily adapted for multiplex detection following this rapid assay protocol for cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanita Carvajal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hartford, Bloomfield Ave., West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
| | - Samantha N Fera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hartford, Bloomfield Ave., West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
| | - Abby L Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Thaisa A Baldo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Islam M Mosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Chemistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Surgery & Neag Cancer Center, UConn, Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway Ireland, Ireland
| | - Colleen E Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hartford, Bloomfield Ave., West Hartford, CT 06117, USA.
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11
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Pistilli B, Pluard T, Urruticoechea A, Farci D, Kong A, Bachelot T, Chan S, Han HS, Jerusalem G, Urban P, Robinson D, Mouhaër SL, Tomaso ED, Massacesi C, Saura C. Phase II study of buparlisib (BKM120) and trastuzumab in patients with HER2+ locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer resistant to trastuzumab-based therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 168:357-364. [PMID: 29198055 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A Phase Ib study in patients with trastuzumab-resistant, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2- (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer defined the recommended Phase II dose of buparlisib as 100 mg/day in combination with 2 mg/kg weekly trastuzumab, and reported preliminary signs of clinical activity. Here we present results from the Phase II portion. METHODS Patients with trastuzumab-resistant, HER2-positive advanced breast cancer received buparlisib plus trastuzumab. Study endpoints included safety/tolerability and antitumour activity. The study was extended to include a Phase Ib dose-escalation phase, in which patients with progressive brain metastases also received capecitabine. RESULTS In the Phase II portion, of 50 patients treated with buparlisib and trastuzumab, the most common (≥ 30%) all-grade adverse events (AEs) were diarrhoea (54%), nausea (48%), decreased appetite, increased alanine aminotransferase (36% each), increased aspartate aminotransferase (34%), fatigue, rash (32% each), cough and hyperglycemia (30% each). One (2%) patient achieved complete response and four (8%) patients had confirmed partial responses [PR; including two patients with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 K) pathway-activated tumours]. Overall response rate (ORR) was 10%: the primary endpoint (ORR ≥ 25%) was therefore not met. In the Phase Ib portion, all patients with measurable brain lesions at baseline showed tumour shrinkage to some degree; due to low enrollment, maximum tolerated dose of buparlisib in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine was not determined. CONCLUSION Buparlisib plus trastuzumab, as a chemotherapy-free regimen, demonstrated an acceptable safety profile but limited efficacy in patients with heavily pretreated, trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer, and in patients with progressive brain metastases also receiving capecitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pistilli
- Breast Cancer Unit, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France. .,Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.
| | - T Pluard
- Saint Luke's Health System, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - A Urruticoechea
- Onkologikoa Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Farci
- Ospedale Oncologico, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Kong
- University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - T Bachelot
- Centre Léon Bérard et Inserm U1052, Lyon, France
| | - S Chan
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - H S Han
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - G Jerusalem
- CHU Sart Tilman Liège and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Urban
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Robinson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S L Mouhaër
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - E D Tomaso
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Syros Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, MA, USA
| | - C Massacesi
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - C Saura
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Development of screen-printed electrode based immunosensor for the detection of HER2 antigen in human serum samples. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 118:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Homaei Shandiz F, Fani A, Shakeri S, Sheikhi M, Ramezani Farkhani A, Shajiei A, Ayatollahi H. Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization and Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction to Evaluate HER-2/neu Status in Breast Cancer. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 12:67-73. [PMID: 29760755 PMCID: PMC5938726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer remains the most common and second lethal cancer in females. HER-2/neu is one of the most important amplified oncogene in breast cancer. The amplification of HER-2 is correlated with decreased survival, metastasis, and early recurrence. The amplification of HER-2/neu gene and synthesis of the protein are reported in 10%-34% of breast cancer cases associated with tumor size, advanced tumor stage, high-grade tumor, young age at diagnosis, absence of steroid hormone receptor, and lymph node involvement. METHODS Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods are options to evaluate HER-2 expression. The current study aimed at identifying the correlation between FISH and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in measuring HER-2 expression. RESULTS The study investigated the performance of the real-time PCR as measured against FISH method in IHC +2 borderline cases. In a total of 120 IHC 2+ samples, 58.3% were negative and 41.6% positive for HER-2 gene, confirmed by FISH as a gold standard method. The real-time PCR ratio was <1.8 for a majority (82.8%) of the tumor samples with unamplified HER-2 gene by FISH as a gold standard assay. CONCLUSION Despite the fact that real-time PCR is a promising method to evaluate HER-2 over expression and a supplementary array to FISH, according to the results of the present study it cannot be utilized instead of gold standard techniques; therefore, additional studies should be carried out to appraise the value of this method to evaluate HER-2 over expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Homaei Shandiz
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Center
| | - Azar Fani
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Cancer Research Center
| | - Sepideh Shakeri
- Cancer Molecular pathology Research center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad university of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Sheikhi
- Cancer Molecular pathology Research center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad university of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Shajiei
- Cancer Molecular pathology Research center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad university of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Ayatollahi
- Cancer Molecular pathology Research center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad university of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Guerram M, Jiang ZZ, Yousef BA, Hamdi AM, Hassan HM, Yuan ZQ, Luo HW, Zhu X, Zhang LY. The potential utility of acetyltanshinone IIA in the treatment of HER2-overexpressed breast cancer: Induction of cancer cell death by targeting apoptotic and metabolic signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21865-77. [PMID: 26068969 PMCID: PMC4673132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased lipogenesis and protein synthesis is a hallmark of cancer cell proliferation, survival, and metastatic progression and is under intense investigation as a potential antineoplastic target. Acetyltanshinone IIA (ATA) is a compound that was obtained from chemical modifications of tanshinone IIA (TIIA), a potent anticancer agent extracted from the dried roots of the Chinese herbal medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. A previous investigation indicated that ATA is more effective in inhibiting the growth of breast cancer especially cells with HER2 overexpression. However, the molecular mechanism(s) mediating this cytotoxic effect on HER2-positive breast cancer remained undefined. Studies described here report that ATA induced G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis in the HER2-positive MDA-MB-453, SK-BR-3, and BT-474 breast cancer cell lines. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the ATA-induced apoptosis effect is associated with remarkably down-regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) EGFR/HER2 and inhibition of their downstream pro-survival signaling pathways. Interestingly, ATA was found to trigger oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses and to activate AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) leading to inactivation of key enzymes involved in lipid and protein biogenesis. Intraperitoneal administration of ATA significantly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-453 xenografts in athymic mice without causing weight loss and any other side effects. Additionally, transwell migration, invasion, and wound healing assays revealed that ATA could suppress tumor angiogenesis in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that ATA may have broad utility in the treatment of HER2-overexpressed breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Guerram
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bashir Alsiddig Yousef
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Aida Mejda Hamdi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hozeifa Mohamed Hassan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zi-Qiao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hou-Wei Luo
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Medical and Chemical Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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15
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Polónia A, Leitão D, Schmitt F. Application of the 2013 ASCO/CAP guideline and the SISH technique for HER2 testing of breast cancer selects more patients for anti-HER2 treatment. Virchows Arch 2016; 468:417-23. [PMID: 26754674 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the impact of changes of the 2013 ASCO/CAP guideline on the results of HER2 testing in breast cancer. A series of 916 primary invasive breast cancer cases, assessed as HER2 2+ by IHC in part using the 2007 and in part the 2013 ASCO/CAP criteria, was evaluated for HER2 amplification status by SISH and classified according to both 2007 and 2013 ASCO/CAP ISH guideline criteria. We observed a significant increase of HER2-positive cases (12.4 to 16.8%) and a decrease of HER2-equivocal cases (3.6 to 0.7%). Of the cases studied, 52.1% fulfilled both criteria of HER2/CEP17 ratio and average HER2 copy number per cell to be classified as HER2-positive. Reclassification of the cases from before the introduction of the new ASCO/CAP guideline with the 2013 ISH criteria resulted in an increase of cases with a HER2-positive status (12.4 to 14.2%) and in a decrease of HER2-equivocal cases (3.6 to 1.6%). The 2013 ASCO/CAP guideline selects more patients for anti-HER2 targeted therapy, mostly based on the modifications of criteria to evaluate ISH-HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Polónia
- Department of Pathology, Ipatimup Diagnostics, Ipatimup, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dina Leitão
- Department of Pathology, Ipatimup Diagnostics, Ipatimup, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- Department of Pathology, Ipatimup Diagnostics, Ipatimup, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratoire national de santé, 1, rue Louis Rech, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg.
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16
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Computer Aided Semi-Automated Evaluation of HER2 Immunodetection—A Robust Solution for Supporting the Accuracy of Anti HER2 Therapy. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:1005-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Ning SF, Li JL, Luo CP, Wei CH, Lu YK, Liu HZ, Wei WE, Zhang LT. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression in breast cancer: correlation with clinical pathological features. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8740-8747. [PMID: 25674240 PMCID: PMC4314040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The overexpressed HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is a valuable therapeutic target. Precise assessment of HER2 status is thus crucial in the treatment of breast cancer. In this study, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of tumors from 304 breast cancer patients who underwent curative surgery procedures between 2011 and 2014 were tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a primary estimate of HER2 status, followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Concordance rate between IHC and FISH was evaluated. The Χ(2) test was used to evaluate the correlation between HER2 gene amplification status and different clinical pathological features including: (estrogen receptor) ER and (progesterone receptor) PR expression, age, menopausal status and tumor size. The results show that 84.8% of IHC score 3+ cases and 6.2% of IHC score 0/1+ cases were amplified by FISH. After exclusion of group IHC 2+, the concordance rate between FISH and IHC was 87.4%. There was a significant inverse association between expression of hormone receptors (ER and PR) and HER2 amplification (P < 0.001) among the patients studied. However, no relationship was observed between HER2 amplification and age, menopausal status and tumor size (P > 0.05). The data demonstrate a relatively high level of concordance rate for HER2 testing between FISH and IHC, and HER2 overexpression was associated with the levels of ER and PR.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Middle Aged
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis
- Reproducibility of Results
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fang Ning
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Ji-Lin Li
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Cheng-Piao Luo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Chang-Hong Wei
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Yong-Kui Lu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Wen-E Wei
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
| | - Li-Tu Zhang
- Department of Medical Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning, China
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18
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Abstract
HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) receptor is a membrane tyrosine kinase and when activated affects cell proliferation and survival. The HER2 oncogene is located on chromosome 17q12. HER2 amplification is the primary pathway of HER2 receptor overexpression and is a major driver of tumor development and progression in a subset of breast cancers. HER2 is amplified in about 15% to 20% of breast cancers. The overexpressed HER2 receptor is a valuable therapeutic target. The 2007 ASCO guidelines mandate that HER2 should be evaluated in every invasive breast cancer, either at the time of diagnosis or recurrence to guide therapy. Currently HER2 testing is carried out by several methods. It is crucial to standardize testing techniques to accurately assess HER2 status. The aim of this review on HER2 in breast cancer is to discuss the important aspects of HER2 biology, its significance in breast cancer, and the current standards for its detection.
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19
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Cao XZ, Xiang HL, Quan MF, He LH. Inhibition of cell growth by BrMC through inactivation of Akt in HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1632-1638. [PMID: 24765191 PMCID: PMC3997727 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that chrysin (ChR) and its analogs induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human estrogen receptor-positive/-negative breast cancer cells. However, it was unknown whether 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin (BrMC), a novel synthetic ChR analog, inhibited the cell growth of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu-overexpressing breast cancers. In the present study, it was demonstrated that BrMC preferentially inhibited the cell viability of HER-2/neu-overexpressing MDA-MB-453 and BT-474 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that HER-2/neu expression and tyrosine phosphorylation were inhibited by BrMC in a concentration-dependent manner; whereas the proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, significantly prevented BrMC-induced HER-2/neu depletion and cell death in MDA-MB-453 cells. This directly indicated that BrMC-induced HER-2/neu depletion and cell growth inhibition was mediated by a proteasomal pathway. BrMC significantly downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK4, followed by the suppression of protein kinase B phosphorylation and downstream effectors, GSK-3β and β-catenin. A colony formation assay also confirmed the growth-inhibitory effects of BrMC. Thus, these findings clearly demonstrate the anticancer activity of BrMC against human HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Thus, these findings clearly demonstrate the anticancer activity of BrMC against human HER 2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells, and highlight BrMC as a promising candidate for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zheng Cao
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Lin Xiang
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Fang Quan
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua He
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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20
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Cole KD, He HJ, Wang L. Breast cancer biomarker measurements and standards. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 7:17-29. [PMID: 23341234 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by changes in the levels and activities of important cellular proteins, including oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Genetic mutations cause changes in protein activity and protein expression levels that result in the altered metabolism, proliferation, and metastasis seen in cancer cells. The identification of the critical biochemical changes in cancer has led to advances in its detection and treatment. An important example of this is the measurement of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), where increased expression occurs in approximately 20-30% of breast cancer tumors. HER2 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family and is an important biomarker expressed on the cell surface. Measurement of the HER2 levels in tumor cells provides diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment information, because a targeted therapeutic is available. The most common methods to measure HER2 levels are immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays. The accurate and reliable measurements of the specific changes in protein biomarkers for detection and treatment of cancer are important challenges. This review is focused on efforts to improve the quantitation and reliability of cancer biomarkers by using standards and reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Cole
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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21
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Schalper KA, Kumar S, Hui P, Rimm DL, Gershkovich P. A retrospective population-based comparison of HER2 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in breast carcinomas: impact of 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists criteria. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 138:213-9. [PMID: 24164555 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0617-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In 2007 the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists made new recommendations for HER2 testing and redefined HER2 positivity. OBJECTIVE To analyze results from simultaneous HER2 testing with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 2590 invasive breast carcinomas between 2002 and 2010, using 2 scoring systems. DESIGN Cases from between 2002 and 2006 were scored by using original US Food and Drug Administration criteria (N = 1138) and those from between 2007 and 2010 were evaluated according to American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists criteria (N = 1452). Concordance between testing methods and clinicopathologic associations were determined. RESULTS Overall concordance between immunohistochemistry/FISH in the 9-year period was 96.2% (κ = 0.82), and positive concordance was lower. After 2007, the proportion of HER2/neu-positive and HER2/neu-negative cases was not significantly changed when using immunohistochemistry (10.5% versus 8.9%, P = .22 and 69.4% versus 63%, P = .13, respectively), but the number of equivocal cases was higher (19.9% versus 28%, P < .001). While the proportion of negative cases by FISH remained unchanged after 2007 (86.5% versus 88.2%, P = .76), the number of positive cases was lower (13.4% versus 9.2%, P < .001). In addition, 38 cases (2.6%) were FISH equivocal, 16 of which were also equivocal by immunohistochemistry. Overall, immunohistochemistry/FISH concordance was 95.9% between 2002 and 2006 (κ = 0.82) and 96.4% after 2007 (κ = 0.82). However, an approximately 13% lower positive assay concordance was noted in the last period. CONCLUSIONS Application of American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists recommendations is associated with comparable overall immunohistochemistry/FISH concordance, reduced positive concordance, and increased equivocal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Schalper
- From the Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Drs Schalper, Kumar, Hui, Rimm, and Gershkovich) and Servicio de Anatomia Patologica, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Chile (Dr Schalper)
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22
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Waage IS, Vreim I, Torp SH. C-erbB2/HER2 in human gliomas, medulloblastomas, and meningiomas: a minireview. Int J Surg Pathol 2013; 21:573-82. [PMID: 23842006 DOI: 10.1177/1066896913492196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
C-erbB2/HER2 serves as an important prognostic and predictive biomarker in various human tumors, especially in breast cancer, whereas its role in human intracranial tumors is more uncertain. We therefore performed a search in PubMed to get an update. This literature review comprises immunohistochemical studies on the clinical significance of c-erbB2/HER2 overexpression in gliomas, medulloblastomas, and meningiomas. In general, the findings were discrepant with regard to correlations between overexpression, tumor grade, and prognosis. Use of various antibodies may be a contributing factor to these discrepancies. Standardization of the immunohistochemical procedures is a relevant topic for discussion.
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Perez EA, Press MF, Dueck AC, Jenkins RB, Kim C, Chen B, Villalobos I, Paik S, Buyse M, Wiktor AE, Meyer R, Finnigan M, Zujewski J, Shing M, Stern HM, Lingle WL, Reinholz MM, Slamon DJ. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization assessment of HER2 in clinical trials of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (NCCTG N9831, BCIRG 006, and BCIRG 005). Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138:99-108. [PMID: 23420271 PMCID: PMC3585916 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive, blinded, pathology evaluation of HER2 testing in HER2-positive/negative breast cancers was performed among three central laboratories. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses were performed on 389 tumor blocks from three large adjuvant trials: N9831, BCIRG-006, and BCIRG-005. In 123 cases, multiple blocks were examined. HER2 status was defined according to FDA-approved guidelines and was independently re-assessed at each site. Discordant cases were adjudicated at an on-site, face-to-face meeting. Results across three independent pathologists were concordant by IHC in 351/381 (92 %) and FISH in 343/373 (92 %) blocks. Upon adjudication, consensus was reached on 16/30 and 18/30 of discordant IHC and FISH cases, respectively, resulting in overall concordance rates of 96 and 97 %. Among 155 HER2-negative blocks, HER2 status was confirmed in 153 (99 %). In the subset of 102 HER2-positive patients from N9831/BCIRG-006, primary blocks from discordant cases were selected, especially those with discordant test between local and central laboratories. HER2 status was confirmed in 73 (72 %) of these cases. Among 118 and 113 cases with IHC and FISH results and >1 block evaluable, block-to-block variability/heterogeneity in HER2 results was seen in 10 and 5 %, respectively. IHC−/FISH− was confirmed for 57/59 (97 %) primary blocks from N9831 (locally positive, but centrally negative); however, 5/22 (23 %) secondary blocks showed HER2 positivity. Among 53 N9831 patients with HER2-normal disease adjudicated as IHC−/FISH—(although locally positive), there was a non-statistically significant improvement in disease-free survival with concurrent trastuzumab compared to chemotherapy alone (adjusted hazard ratio 0.34; 95 % CI, 0.11–1.05; p = 0.06). There were similar agreements for IHC and FISH among pathologists (92 % each). Agreement was improved at adjudication (96 %). HER2 tumor heterogeneity appears to partially explain discordant results in cases initially tested as positive and subsequently called negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith A Perez
- Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Peurala E, Koivunen P, Haapasaari KM, Bloigu R, Jukkola-Vuorinen A. The prognostic significance and value of cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16 in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R5. [PMID: 23336272 PMCID: PMC3672746 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of the retinoblastoma protein tumor suppressor gene (RB) coding for a nuclear phosphoprotein that regulates the cell cycle is found in many human cancers and probably leads to disruption of the p16-cyclin D1-CDK4/6-RB pathway. Cyclin D1 is known to activate CDK4, which then phosphorylates the RB protein, leading to cell cycle progression. p16 inhibits CDK4, keeping RB hypophosphorylated and preventing cell cycle progression. The significance of these three markers, cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16, for breast cancer and carcinogenesis is nevertheless still controversial. Methods The material consisted of 102 formalin-fixed human breast cancer samples, in which cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically. The amounts of cyclin D1 mRNA present were analyzed by quantitative real time PCR. Results High cyclin D1 expression statistically significantly correlated with lower tumor grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity and lower proliferation activity in breast tumors and increased breast cancer-specific survival and overall survival. Tumors with high cyclin D1 protein had 1.8 times higher expression of cyclin D1 mRNA. CDK4 expression did not correlate with cyclin D1 expression or the survival data. p16 expression was associated with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) negativity and increased breast cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival. No statistical correlations between cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16 were found. Conclusions Cyclin D1 was associated with a good breast cancer prognosis but functioned independently of CDK4. High cyclin D1 expression may be partially due to increased CCND1 transcription. p16 correlated with a better prognosis and may function without CDK4. In conclusion, it appears that cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16 function independently in human breast cancer.
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Inhibition of Cell Growth and Induction of Apoptosis by Antrodia camphorata in HER-2/neu-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells through the Induction of ROS, Depletion of HER-2/neu, and Disruption of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:702857. [PMID: 22701509 PMCID: PMC3371823 DOI: 10.1155/2012/702857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that a submerged fermentation culture of Antrodia camphorata (AC) promotes cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human estrogen receptor-positive/negative breast cancer cells. However, whether AC is effective against HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancers has not been thoroughly elucidated. In the present study, we showed that AC exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect against HER-2/neu-overexpressing MDA-MB-453 and BT-474 cells. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that HER-2/neu and their tyrosine phosphorylation were inhibited by AC in a dose-dependent manner. An increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in AC-treated cells, whereas antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly prevented AC induced HER-2/neu depletion and cell death, which directly indicates that AC-induced HER-2/neu depletion and cell death was mediated by ROS generation. Also, AC significantly downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, and CDK4 followed by the suppression of PI3K/Akt, and their downstream effectors GSK-3β and β-catenin. Notably, AC-treatment induced apoptotic cell death, which was associated with sub-G1 accumulation, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release, caspase-3/-9 activation, PARP degradation, and Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation. Assays for colony formation also confirmed the growth-inhibitory effects of AC. This is the first report confirming the anticancer activity of this potentially beneficial mushroom against human HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancers.
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Nitta H, Kelly BD, Padilla M, Wick N, Brunhoeber P, Bai I, Singh S, Ranger-Moore J, Bieniarz C, Tsuda H, Grogan TM. A gene-protein assay for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2): brightfield tricolor visualization of HER2 protein, the HER2 gene, and chromosome 17 centromere (CEN17) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue sections. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:60. [PMID: 22647525 PMCID: PMC3487810 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eligibility of breast cancer patients for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed therapies is determined by the HER2 gene amplification and/or HER2 protein overexpression status of the breast tumor as determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) or immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Our objective was to combine the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved HER2 & chromosome 17 centromere (CEN17) brightfield ISH (BISH) and HER2 IHC assays into a single automated HER2 gene-protein assay allowing simultaneous detection of all three targets in a single tissue section. METHODS The HER2 gene-protein assay was optimized using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of the xenograft tumors MCF7 [HER2 negative (non-amplified gene, protein negative)] and Calu-3 [HER2 positive (amplified gene, protein positive)]. HER2 IHC was performed using a rabbit monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody (clone 4B5) and a conventional 3,3'-diaminobenzidine IHC detection. The HER2 & CEN17 BISH signals were visualized using horseradish peroxidase-based silver and alkaline phosphatase-based red detection systems, respectively with a cocktail of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-labeled HER2 and digoxigenin-labeled CEN17 probes. The performance of the gene-protein assay on tissue microarray slides containing 189 randomly selected FFPE clinical breast cancer tissue cores was compared to that of the separate HER2 IHC and HER2 & CEN17 BISH assays. RESULTS HER2 protein detection was optimal when the HER2 IHC protocol was used before (rather than after) the BISH protocol. The sequential use of HER2 IHC and HER2 & CEN17 BISH detection steps on FFPE xenograft tumor sections appropriately co-localized the HER2 protein, HER2 gene, and CEN17 signals after mitigating the silver background staining by using a naphthol phosphate-containing hybridization buffer for the hybridization step. The HER2 protein and HER2 gene status obtained using the multiplex HER2 gene-protein assay demonstrated high concordance with those obtained using the separate HER2 IHC and HER2 & CEN17 BISH assays, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a protocol that allows simultaneous visualization of the HER2 IHC and HER2 & CEN17 BISH targets. This automated protocol facilitated the determination of HER2 protein and HER2 gene status in randomly selected breast cancer samples, particularly in cases that were equivocal or exhibited tumor heterogeneity. The HER2 gene-protein assay produced results virtually equivalent to those of the single FDA-approved HER2 IHC and HER2 & CEN17 BISH assays. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2041964038705297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nitta
- Medical Innovation, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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