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Myung CH, Jo CS, Hwang JS. Phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptor induced by 16-kauren-2-beta-18, 19-triol decreases expression of Melanophilin through JNK signalling. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1394-1401. [PMID: 37218931 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
16-kauren-2-beta-18, 19-triol (16-kauren) is a natural diterpenoid substance derived from Asteraceae psiadia punctulata, a small tropical shrub in Africa and Asia, and it can reduce Mlph expression without affecting the expression of Rab27a and MyoVa in melanocytes. Melanophilin (Mlph) is an important linker protein in the melanosome transport process. However, the signal transduction pathway for the regulation of Mlph expression has not been fully established. We examined the mechanism of 16-kauren on Mlph expression. Murine melan-a melanocytes were used for in vitro analysis. Western blot analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase assay were performed. The inhibition of Mlph expression by 16-kauren-2β-18,19-triol (16-kauren) occurs through the JNK signal and is reversed following glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation by dexamethasone (Dex). Especially, 16-kauren activates JNK and c-jun signalling, part of the MAPK pathway, with subsequent Mlph repression. When the JNK signal is weakened by siRNA, the inhibition of Mlph expression by 16-kauren was not seen. JNK activation by 16-kauren induces GR phosphorylation, which leads to Mlph repression. These results demonstrate that 16-kauren regulates Mlph expression through the phosphorylation of GR via the JNK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Hwan Myung
- Department of Genetic & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Chan-Song Jo
- Department of Genetic & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Hwang
- Department of Genetic & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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A Network of MicroRNAs and mRNAs Involved in Melanosome Maturation and Trafficking Defines the Lower Response of Pigmentable Melanoma Cells to Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030894. [PMID: 36765859 PMCID: PMC9913661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to increase their degree of pigmentation is an adaptive response that confers pigmentable melanoma cells higher resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) compared to non-pigmentable melanoma cells. METHODS Here, we compared the miRNome and the transcriptome profile of pigmentable 501Mel and SK-Mel-5 melanoma cells vs. non-pigmentable A375 melanoma cells, following treatment with the BRAFi vemurafenib (vem). In depth bioinformatic analyses (clusterProfiler, WGCNA and SWIMmeR) allowed us to identify the miRNAs, mRNAs and biological processes (BPs) that specifically characterize the response of pigmentable melanoma cells to the drug. Such BPs were studied using appropriate assays in vitro and in vivo (xenograft in zebrafish embryos). RESULTS Upon vem treatment, miR-192-5p, miR-211-5p, miR-374a-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-582-5p, miR-1260a and miR-7977, as well as GPR143, OCA2, RAB27A, RAB32 and TYRP1 mRNAs, are differentially expressed only in pigmentable cells. These miRNAs and mRNAs belong to BPs related to pigmentation, specifically melanosome maturation and trafficking. In fact, an increase in the number of intracellular melanosomes-due to increased maturation and/or trafficking-confers resistance to vem. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the ability of pigmentable cells to increase the number of intracellular melanosomes fully accounts for their higher resistance to vem compared to non-pigmentable cells. In addition, we identified a network of miRNAs and mRNAs that are involved in melanosome maturation and/or trafficking. Finally, we provide the rationale for testing BRAFi in combination with inhibitors of these biological processes, so that pigmentable melanoma cells can be turned into more sensitive non-pigmentable cells.
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Liu F, Qu L, Li H, He J, Wang L, Fang Y, Yan X, Yang Q, Peng B, Wu W, Jin L, Sun D. Advances in Biomedical Functions of Natural Whitening Substances in the Treatment of Skin Pigmentation Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2308. [PMID: 36365128 PMCID: PMC9697978 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation diseases can lead to significant color differences between the affected part and the normal part, resulting in severe psychological and emotional distress among patients. The treatment of pigmentation diseases with good patient compliance is mainly in the form of topical drugs. However, conventional hydroquinone therapy contributes to several pathological conditions, such as erythema, dryness, and skin desquamation, and requires a longer treatment time to show significant results. To address these shortcomings, natural whitening substances represented by kojic acid and arbutin have gradually become the candidate ingredients of traditional local preparations due to their excellent biological safety. This review focuses on several natural whitening substances with potential therapeutic effects in pigmentation disease and their mechanisms, and a thorough discussion has been conducted into the solution methods for the challenges involved in the practical application of natural whitening substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Linkai Qu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiaxuan He
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese–American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou City and Kunlong Technology Co., Ltd. Joint Doctoral Innovation Station, Wenzhou Association for Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Evaluation of TILI-2 as an Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Oxidative Agent and Its Role in Preventing Melanogenesis Using a Proteomics Approach. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103228. [PMID: 35630706 PMCID: PMC9147390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a desire to develop new molecules that can combat hyperpigmentation. To this end, the N-terminal cysteine-containing heptapeptide TILI-2 has shown promising preliminary results. In this work, the mechanism by which it works was evaluated using a series of biochemical assays focusing on known biochemical pathways, followed by LC-MS/MS proteomics to discover pathways that have not been considered before. We demonstrate that TILI-2 is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase’s monophenolase activity and it could potentially scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals. It has a very low cytotoxicity up to 1400 µM against human fibroblast NFDH cells and macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells. Our proteomics study revealed that another putative mechanism by which TILI-2 may reduce melanin production involves the disruption of the TGF-β signaling pathway in mouse B16F1 cells. This result suggests that TILI-2 has potential scope to be used as a depigmenting agent.
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Myung CH, Lee JE, Jo CS, Park JI, Hwang JS. Regulation of Melanophilin (Mlph) gene expression by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Sci Rep 2021; 11:16813. [PMID: 34413386 PMCID: PMC8376885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mlph plays a crucial role in regulating skin pigmentation through the melanosome transport process. Although Mlph is a major component involved in melanosome transport, the mechanism that regulates the expression of the Mlph gene has not been identified. In this study, we demonstrate that Mlph expression is regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Alteration of GR activity using a specific GR agonist or antagonist only regulated the expression of Mlph among the 3 key melanosome transport proteins. Translocation of GR from the cytosol into the nucleus following Dex treatment was confirmed by separating the cytosol and nuclear fractions and by immunofluorescence staining. In ChIP assays, Dex induced GR binding to the Mlph promoter and we determined that Dex induced the GR binding motif on the Mlph promoter. Our findings contribute to understanding the regulation of Mlph expression and to the novel role of GR in Mlph gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Hwan Myung
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Song Jo
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Il Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Mukherjee C, Chakraborty S. Study of dietary polyphenols from natural herbal sources for providing protection against human degenerative disorders. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lee EJ, Kim J, Jeong MK, Lee YM, Chung YJ, Kim EM. Whitening effect of novel peptide mixture by regulating melanosome biogenesis, transfer and degradation. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:15-26. [PMID: 33361534 PMCID: PMC7756534 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They are widely used as effective and biocompatible active ingredients in cosmetic industry. In this study, we developed novel peptide mixture and identified its anti-pigmentation effect on melanocytes and keratinocytes. Our results revealed that peptide mixture inhibited melanosome biogenesis through the regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, a key factor of melanogenesis in melanocytes. And we observed that peptide mixture inhibited melanosome uptake through the reduction of protease-activated receptor 2, a phagocytosis-related receptor in keratinocytes. Furthermore, peptide mixture activated autophagy system resulting in degradation of transferred melanosomes in keratinocytes. The anti-pigmentation effect of multi-targeting peptide mixture was assessed in a human skin equivalent model (MelanoDerm). Melanin contents in epidermal layer were significantly decreased by topical treatment of peptide mixture, suggesting that it can be applied as a novel cosmetics material having a whitening function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jandi Kim
- Caregen R&D Center, Anyang 14119, Korea
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New Sustainable Process for Hesperidin Isolation and Anti-Ageing Effects of Hesperidin Nanocrystals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194534. [PMID: 33022944 PMCID: PMC7582684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin, a secondary orange (Citrus sinensis) metabolite, was extracted from orange bagasse. No organic solvents or additional energy consumption were used in the clean and sustainable process. Hesperidin purity was approximately 98% and had a yield of 1%. Hesperidin is a known supplement due to antioxidant, chelating, and anti-ageing properties. Herein, hesperidin application to eliminate dark eye circles, which are sensitive and thin skin regions, was studied. In addition, the proposed method for its aqueous extraction was especially important for human consumption. Further, the most effective methods for hesperidin nanonization were explored, after which the nanoemulsions were incorporated into a cream formulation that was formulated for a tropical climate. Silky cream formulations (oil in water) were tested in vitro on artificial 3D skin from cultured cells extracted from skin residues after plastic surgery. The proposed in vitro assay avoided tests of the different formulations in human volunteers and animals. It was shown that one of the nanonized hesperidin formulations was the most skin-friendly and might be used in cosmetics.
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Asoprisnil, a Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator (SPRM), Inhibits Melanosome Export in B16F10 Cells and HEMn-DP Melanocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163581. [PMID: 32781695 PMCID: PMC7465349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that estrogen hormone promotes melanogenesis while progesterone inhibits it. A selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), tamoxifen, has been shown to promote melanogenesis; however, to date, there have been no reports on the effects of a selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) on melanogenesis. In the present study, we hypothesized that asoprisnil (AP), a SPRM, inhibits melanogenesis. AP was tested for cytotoxicity to B16F10 mouse melanoma cells for screening the nontoxic concentrations using MTS cytotoxicity assay. Extracellular and intracellular melanin levels were estimated at nontoxic concentrations of AP. To evaluate the direct effect of AP on tyrosinase enzyme, tyrosinase activity and copper chelating activities were measured. Next, the effects of AP on melanogenesis were tested in normal human melanocytes, neonatal, darkly pigmented (HEMn-DP). Our results demonstrate that AP was nontoxic at a concentration range of 10–50 μM in B16F10 cells; AP at 50 μM significantly suppressed extracellular melanin levels comparable to kojic acid at 500 μM, with no significant effect on intracellular melanin levels. The mechanism of melanogenesis inhibition was studied to assess if AP downregulated tyrosinase activity in cell lysates or in a cell-free system. However, AP was found to increase intracellular tyrosinase activity without any effect on tyrosinase enzyme activity or copper chelating activity in a cell-free system, indicating that AP inhibits melanogenesis by mechanisms other than direct effects on tyrosinase enzyme activity. The capacity of AP to inhibit melanosome export was further validated in HEMn-DP cells; AP significantly suppressed dendricity at concentrations of 20 and 30 μM in the absence of effects on melanin synthesis or intracellular tyrosinase activity. In addition, AP was nontoxic to human keratinocytes (HaCaT) at these concentrations, validating its safety for topical use. Taken together, our preliminary results demonstrate that AP might be repurposed as a candidate therapeutic for treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders via a unique mechanism, which encompasses a selective inhibition of melanosome export.
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10
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Myung CH, Kim K, Park JI, Lee JE, Lee JA, Hong SC, Lim KM, Hwang JS. 16-Kauren-2-beta-18,19-triol inhibits melanosome transport in melanocytes by down-regulation of melanophilin expression. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 97:101-108. [PMID: 31892452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rab27a, Mlph, and MyoVa form a tripartite complex and relate to melanosome distribution. Melanophilin (Mlph) acts as a linker protein between Rab27a and MyoVa. The biological activity and function of 16-kauren on the expression of Mlph has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of 16-kauren on melanosome transport and skin pigmentation. METHODS Murine Melan-a melanocytes and SP-1 keratinocytes were used for in vitro analysis. Western blot analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, luciferase assay and immunohistochemical staining in 3D pigmented human skin model were performed. RESULTS We found that 16-kauren inhibits melanosome transport in Melan-a melanocytes without affecting melanin synthesis. Treatment with 16-kauren reduced melanophilin (Mlph), a key protein in melanosome transport, in Melan-a melanocytes, at both the protein and mRNA levels while it did not affect the expression of Rab27a and MyoVa, the other two key proteins for melanosome transport. Notably, the expression of melanogenic proteins, including tyrosinase, trp1, trp2, and MITF, was not affected by 16-kauren. However, 16-kauren attenuated melanosome distribution in co-culture of Melan-a melanocytes and SP-1 keratinocytes as well as in Melan-a monolayer culture. In further confirmation of the depigmenting effects of 16-kauren on Melanoderm™, a 3D pigmented human skin model, treatment with 16-kauren for 12 days increased the brightness of the tissue as determined by lightness value and reduced the distribution of melanosomes as shown in histological examination. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that 16-kauren is a selective modulator of a melangenic target, Mlph expression, and can be employed as a new depigmenting strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Hwan Myung
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Il Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chan Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Hasanin AH, Matboli M, Seleem HS. Hesperidin suppressed hepatic precancerous lesions via modulation of exophagy in rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1295-1306. [PMID: 31489981 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The enormous cost of modern medicines warrants alternative strategies for the better management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, exosomes have been shown to relay the oncogenic information through the horizontal transfer of RNAs between the cells. In this study, we modulated exosomal production and autophagy (exophagy) by the administration of hesperidin and evaluated its effect on the development of hepatic precancerous lesion (HPC) in rats. Diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorene were used in vivo to induce HPC in rats. Rats were allocated into five groups: naïve, HPC, and three hesperidin treated (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/d; orally) for 4 consecutive days per week for 16 weeks. Liver tissues and blood samples were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical, and transmission electron microscope examinations, liver function, alfa-fetoprotein level, and isolation of exosomal and autophagy RNAs. Hesperidin administration showed hepato-protective effects and improved the microscopic hepatic features with a decrease in glutathione S-transferase placental precancerous foci and the abundance of exosomes in liver tissues. Hesperidin improved liver function with a significant decrease in alfa-fetoprotein levels. Hesperidin dose-dependently decreased exosomal RAB11A messsenger RNA and long noncoding RNA-RP11-583F2.2 along with the increase in exosomal miR-1298, involved in the exophagy process. In conclusion, hesperidin likely suppresses liver carcinogenesis in rat model via the modulation of exosomal secretion and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany H Hasanin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Seleem
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Cairo, Egypt.,Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine, Al Qassim University, Buraydah, KSA
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Kim JK, Park NH, Hwang JS. Skin Lightening Effect of the Dietary Intake of Citrus Peel Extract Against UV-Induced Pigmentation. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19859979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that citrus peel has beneficial effects in various disorders associated with nitric oxide and/or oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of Jeju citrus ( Citrus unshiu) peel using various in vitro and in vivo methods. First, the inhibitory effect of citrus peel extract (CPE) on enzymatic activity of tyrosinase was evaluated. Tyrosinase activity was dose-dependently decreased by CPE. Second, the effect of CPE on melanogenesis was determined by measuring the melanin content in melan-a cells. The inhibitory effect of CPE on melanin synthesis was greater than that of vitamin C. Finally, the effect of long-term supplementation with CPE on ultraviolet B-induced skin pigmentation was examined in guinea pigs. Administration of CPE improved Δ L-value compared with the nontreated ultraviolet control group. As a strong inhibitor of melanogenesis, CPE could be used as a depigmentation agent and a supplement for skin lightening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Kee Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Nok-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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Man MQ, Yang B, Elias PM. Benefits of Hesperidin for Cutaneous Functions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2676307. [PMID: 31061668 PMCID: PMC6466919 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2676307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid, with high concentration in citrus fruits. In addition to its well-known benefits for cardiovascular function, type II diabetes, and anti-inflammation, recent studies have demonstrated multiple benefits of hesperidin for cutaneous functions, including wound healing, UV protection, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, antiskin cancer, and skin lightening. In addition, hesperidin enhances epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in both normal young and aged skin. The mechanisms by which hesperidin benefits cutaneous functions are attributable to its antioxidant properties, inhibition of MAPK-dependent signaling pathways, and stimulation of epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and lipid production. Because of its low cost, wide availability, and superior safety, hesperidin could prove useful for the management of a variety of cutaneous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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Park JI, Lee JE, Myung CH, Jo CS, Jang HS, Hwang JS. The absence of Rab27a accelerates the degradation of Melanophilin. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:90-93. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong il Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Cheol hwan Myung
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Chan song Jo
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Hye Sung Jang
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Jae Sung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology; College of Life Sciences; Kyung Hee University; Gyeonggi-do Korea
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Abstract
A blemish free, even-toned skin is universally associated with healthy skin. This reasoning makes people desire to have a flawless skin. Melanin is a naturally occurring pigment in humans. This pigment is responsible for skin, hair, and eye color, therefore determines our race and phenotypic appearance. On darker skin types, it is common that melanin production processes malfunctions. These malfunctions often lead to overproduction and secretion of melanin. As a result, unwanted pigmentary problems such melasma occur. Due to unknown etiology and its recurrence in nature, melasma is challenging to treat. The current available melasma treatment options often produce undesired side effects and suboptimum results. First-line topical treatments usually involve hydroquinone or topical steroids. Apart from the irritant reactions, this treatment mode is not suitable for all skin types. Skin care specialists are in search of an effective long-term cosmetics and cosmeceuticals to address hypermelanosis problems. Understanding of naturally occurring depigmenting agents provides an opportunity for more effective ways to manage melasma in all skin types. This review considers the benefits of naturally occurring ingredients which could help address skin pigmentation problems and broaden the choice for skin-lightening treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpofana Nomakhosi
- a Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein , South Africa
| | - Abrahamse Heidi
- a Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein , South Africa
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Inhibitory effect of 2-methyl-naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinolin-8-one on melanosome transport and skin pigmentation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29189. [PMID: 27381646 PMCID: PMC4933902 DOI: 10.1038/srep29189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are lysosome-related organelles with specialized capabilities of melanin synthesis and movement mediated by the Rab27a-Melanophilin-MyosinVa protein complex. In this study, we found that 2-methyl-naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinolin-8-one (MNQO) induced melanosome aggregation around the nucleus in melan-a melanocytes and in melan-a melanocytes/SP-1 keratinocyte co-cultures without inducing toxicity or changing the melanin content. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses showed that MNQO decreased expression of the Rab27a, Melanophilin and MyosinVa proteins and mRNAs, respectively, in melan-a melanocytes. In a reconstituted human epidermis model, treatment with 0.001% MNQO reduced skin pigmentation. Also, MNQO reduced skin pigmentation in brown guinea pigs induced by UVB irradiation. These results indicated that regulation of melanosome transport may serve as a good target for new skin depigmenting agents and MNQO itself could be a candidate.
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17
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Lee HJ, Lee WJ, Chang SE, Lee GY. Hesperidin, A Popular Antioxidant Inhibits Melanogenesis via Erk1/2 Mediated MITF Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18384-95. [PMID: 26262610 PMCID: PMC4581251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of melanogenesis has been the focus of treatment for hyperpigmentary skin disorders. Although hesperidin is one of the most well-known, naturally occurring flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, its anti-melanogenic effect is not known. The present study aims to determine the anti-melanogenic effect of hespiridin as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms. Melanin contents were measured in normal human melanocytes and B16F10 melanoma cells. Protein and mRNA levels of tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2 were determined. Melanogenesis-regulating signals were examined. In results, hesperidin strongly inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity. Hesperidin decreased tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 protein expression but increased phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-Erk1/2) expression. Specific inhibitor of Erk1/2 or proteasome inhibitor reversed the inhibition of melanogenesis induced by hesperidin. Taken together, hesperidin, a popular antioxidant, stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation which subsequently degraded MITF which resulted in suppression of melanogenic enzymes and melanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heun Joo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Pyeong-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-746, Korea.
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
| | - Ga-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Pyeong-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-746, Korea.
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