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Murray J, Martin DE, Hosking S, Orr-Burks N, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA. Probenecid Inhibits Influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) Viruses In Vitro and in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:152. [PMID: 38275962 PMCID: PMC10821351 DOI: 10.3390/v16010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) viruses cause infection in birds and humans. Several H5N1 and H7N9 variants are highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. H5N1 is a highly infectious bird virus infecting primarily poultry, but unlike other AIs, H5N1 also infects mammals and transmits to humans with a case fatality rate above 40%. Similarly, H7N9 can infect humans, with a case fatality rate of over 40%. Since 1996, there have been several HPAI outbreaks affecting humans, emphasizing the need for safe and effective antivirals. We show that probenecid potently inhibits H5N1 and H7N9 replication in prophylactically or therapeutically treated A549 cells and normal human broncho-epithelial (NHBE) cells, and H5N1 replication in VeroE6 cells and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyn Murray
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine Athens, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (J.M.); (S.H.); (N.O.-B.); (R.J.H.)
| | | | - Sarah Hosking
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine Athens, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (J.M.); (S.H.); (N.O.-B.); (R.J.H.)
| | - Nichole Orr-Burks
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine Athens, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (J.M.); (S.H.); (N.O.-B.); (R.J.H.)
| | - Robert J. Hogan
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine Athens, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (J.M.); (S.H.); (N.O.-B.); (R.J.H.)
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine Athens, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (J.M.); (S.H.); (N.O.-B.); (R.J.H.)
- TrippBio, Inc., Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA;
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2
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Murray J, Martin DE, Sancilio FD, Tripp RA. Antiviral Activity of Probenecid and Oseltamivir on Influenza Virus Replication. Viruses 2023; 15:2366. [PMID: 38140606 PMCID: PMC10748304 DOI: 10.3390/v15122366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza can cause respiratory infections, leading to significant morbidity and mortality in humans. While current influenza vaccines offer varying levels of protection, there remains a pressing need for effective antiviral drugs to supplement vaccine efforts. Currently, the FDA-approved antiviral drugs for influenza include oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and baloxavir marboxil. These antivirals primarily target the virus, making them vulnerable to drug resistance. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir, against probenecid, which targets the host cells and is less likely to engender resistance. Our results show that probenecid has superior antiviral efficacy compared to oseltamivir in both in vitro replication assays and in vivo mouse models of influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyn Murray
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - David E. Martin
- TrippBio, Inc., Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA; (D.E.M.); (F.D.S.)
| | | | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- TrippBio, Inc., Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA; (D.E.M.); (F.D.S.)
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3
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Abdel-Fattah MM, Abo-El Fetoh ME, Afify H, Ramadan LAA, Mohamed WR. Probenecid ameliorates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia: Implications of PGE-2 on ADAM-17/EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling cascade. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23450. [PMID: 37352135 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most prevalent clinical disorders in the elderly. Probenecid (Prob) is a well-known FDA-approved therapy for gout owing to its uricosuric effect. The present study evaluated the use of Prob for BPH as a COX-2 inhibitor. Prob (100 and 200 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into male Wistar rats daily for 3 weeks. In the second week, testosterone (3 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected to induce BPH. Compared with BPH-induced rats, Prob treatment reduced prostate weight and index and improved histopathological architecture. The protease activity of ADAM-17/TACE and its ligands (TGF-α and TNF-α) were regulated by prob, which in turn abolished EGFR phosphorylation, and several inflammatory mediators (COX-2, PGE2, NF-κB (p65), and IL-6) were suppressed. By reducing the nuclear import of extracellular regulated kinase protein 1/2 (ERK1/2), Prob helped re-establish the usual equilibrium between antiapoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 and proapoptotic proteins like Bax. All of these data point to Prob as a promising treatment for BPH because of its ability to inhibit COX-2-syntheiszed PGE2 and control the ADAM-17/TGF-α-induced EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling cascade. These findings might help to repurpose Prob for the treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Abo-El Fetoh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila A A Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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4
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Peng X, Li X, Xie B, Lai Y, Sosnik A, Boucetta H, Chen Z, He W. Gout therapeutics and drug delivery. J Control Release 2023; 362:728-754. [PMID: 37690697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis caused by persistently elevated uric acid levels. With the improvement of people's living standards, the consumption of processed food and the widespread use of drugs that induce elevated uric acid, gout rates are increasing, seriously affecting the human quality of life, and becoming a burden to health systems worldwide. Since the pathological mechanism of gout has been elucidated, there are relatively effective drug treatments in clinical practice. However, due to (bio)pharmaceutical shortcomings of these drugs, such as poor chemical stability and limited ability to target the pathophysiological pathways, traditional drug treatment strategies show low efficacy and safety. In this scenario, drug delivery systems (DDS) design that overcome these drawbacks is urgently called for. In this review, we initially describe the pathological features, the therapeutic targets, and the drugs currently in clinical use and under investigation to treat gout. We also comprehensively summarize recent research efforts utilizing lipid, polymeric and inorganic carriers to develop advanced DDS for improved gout management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hamza Boucetta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 2111198, PR China; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
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Martin DE, Pandey N, Chavda P, Singh G, Sutariya R, Sancilio F, Tripp RA. Oral Probenecid for Nonhospitalized Adults with Symptomatic Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19. Viruses 2023; 15:1508. [PMID: 37515194 PMCID: PMC10386418 DOI: 10.3390/v15071508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Probenecid is an orally bioavailable, uricosuric agent that was first approved in 1951 for the treatment of gout, but was later found to have potent, broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose-range finding study in non-hospitalized patients with symptomatic, mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either 500 mg of probenecid, 1000 mg of probenecid, or a matching placebo every 12 h for five days. The patients' COVID-19 viral load hospitalization, or death from any cause through day 28, as well as safety, were evaluated. COVID-19-related symptoms were assessed at baseline, and on days 3, 5, 10, 15, and 28. The primary endpoints of the study were time to first negative SARS-CoV-2 viral test (or viral clearance) and the proportion of patients that were symptom-free at day 5. A total of 75 patients were randomized, with 25 patients in each group. All of the patients completed the study as planned with no hospitalizations or deaths being reported. The median time to viral clearance was significantly shorter for the probenecid 1000 mg group than for placebo (7 days vs. 11 days, respectively; p < 0.0001), and for the probenecid 500 mg group versus placebo (9 days vs. 11 days, respectively; p < 0.0001). In addition, the median time to viral clearance was significantly shorter for the probenecid 1000 mg group than for the probenecid 500 mg group (7 days vs. 9 days, respectively; p < 0.0001). All patients reported at least one COVID-19-related symptom on days 3 and 5; however, on day 10, a significantly greater proportion of patients receiving probenecid 1000 mg reported the complete resolution of symptoms versus placebo (68% vs. 20%, respectively; p = 0.0006), as well as for those receiving probenecid 500 mg versus placebo (56% vs. 20%, respectively, p = 0.0087). The incidence of adverse events during treatment was similar across all groups for any adverse event, and was 12%. All events were mild with no serious adverse events reported and no discontinuations due to an adverse event. The treatment of patients with symptomatic, mild-to-moderate COVID-19 with probenecid resulted in a significant, dose-dependent decrease in the time to viral clearance and a significantly higher proportion of patients reporting complete symptom resolution by day 10. (Supported by TrippBio; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05442983 and Clinical Trials Registry India number CTRI/2022/07/043726).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelam Pandey
- PCMC's PGI Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital, Pune 411018, India
| | - Purvi Chavda
- Zenovel Pharma Services LLP, Ahmedabad 380060, India
| | | | | | | | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Qi Q, Wang XX, Li JL, Chen YQ, Chang JR, Xi J, Lü HZ, Zhang YX. Neuroprotective Effects of the Pannexin-1 Channel Inhibitor: Probenecid on Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:848185. [PMID: 35663270 PMCID: PMC9162172 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.848185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory immune cell subsets constitute the majority in the local microenvironment after spinal cord injury (SCI), leading to secondary pathological injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that inflammasomes act as an important part of the inflammatory process after SCI. Probenecid, an inhibitor of the Pannexin-1 channel, can inhibit the activation of inflammasomes. This article focuses on the effects of probenecid on the local immune microenvironment, histopathology, and behavior of SCI. Our data show that probenecid inhibited the expression and activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptor pyrindomain-containing 1 (NLRP1), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and caspase-3 proteins associated with inflammasomes, thereby suppressing the proportion of M1 cells. And consequently, probenecid reduced the lesion area and demyelination in SCI. Moreover, the drug increased the survival of motor neurons, which resulted in tissue repair and improved locomotor function in the injured SC. Altogether, existing studies indicated that probenecid can alleviate inflammation by blocking Pannexin-1 channels to inhibit the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β, which in turn restores the balance of immune cell subsets and exerts neuroprotective effects in rats with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing-Lu Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jian-Rong Chang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jin Xi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: He-Zuo Lü,
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Yu-Xin Zhang,
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Network Pharmacology Deciphers the Action of Bioactive Polypeptide in Attenuating Inflammatory Osteolysis via the Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Restoration of Bone Remodeling Balance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4913534. [PMID: 35578727 PMCID: PMC9107052 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4913534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress involves enormously in the development of chronic inflammatory bone disease, wherein the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) negatively impacts the bone remodeling via promoting osteoclastogenesis and inhibiting osteogenesis. Lacking effective therapies highlights the importance of finding novel treatments. Our previous study screened a novel bioactive peptide D7 and demonstrated it could enhance the cell behaviors and protect bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Since BMSCs are progenitor cells of osteoblast (OB), we therefore ask whether D7 could also protect against the progress of inflammatory osteolysis. To validate our hypothesis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we first performed network pharmacology-based analysis according to the molecule structure of D7, and then followed by pharmacological evaluation on D7 by in vitro lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced models. The result from network pharmacology identified 20 candidate targets of D7 for inflammatory osteolysis intervention. The further analysis of Gene Ontology (GO)/KEGG pathway enrichment suggested the therapeutic effect of D7 may primarily affect osteoclast (OC) differentiation and function during the inflammatory osteolysis. Through validating the real effects of D7 on OC and OB as postulated, results demonstrated suppressive effects of D7 on LPS-stimulated OC differentiation and resorption, via the inhibition on OC marker genes. Contrarily, by improving the expression of OB marker genes, D7 displayed promotive effects on OB differentiation and alleviated LPS-induced osteogenic damage. Further mechanism study revealed that D7 could reduce LPS-induced ROS formation and strengthen antioxidants expressions in both OC and OB precursors, ameliorating LPS-triggered redox imbalance in bone remodeling. Taken together, our findings unveiled therapeutic effects of D7 against LPS-induced inflammatory osteolysis through the suppression of oxidative stress and the restoration of the bone remodeling process, providing a new therapeutic candidate for chronic inflammatory bone diseases.
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Fu Y, Wu Q, Du Z. Debenzylative Sulfonylation of Tertiary Benzylamines Promoted by Visible Light. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Qing‐Kui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Zhengyin Du
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China
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