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Li Y, He L, Song H, Bao X, Niu S, Bai J, Ma J, Yuan R, Liu S, Guo J. Cordyceps: Alleviating ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular injury - A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118321. [PMID: 38735418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps has a long medicinal history as a nourishing herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), including cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) and myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), are major contributors to mortality and disability in humans. Numerous studies have indicated that Cordyceps or its artificial substitutes have significant bioactivity on ischemic CCVDs, however, there is a lack of relevant reviews. AIM OF THE STUDY This review was conducted to investigate the chemical elements, pharmacological effects, clinical application and drug safety of Cordycepson ischemic CCVDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted on the Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases using the keywords "Cordyceps", "Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury", and "Myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury" or their synonyms. The retrieved literature was then categorized and summarized. RESULTS The study findings indicated that Cordyceps and its bioactive components, including adenosine, cordycepin, mannitol, polysaccharide, and protein, have the potential to protect against CI/RI and MI/RI by improving blood perfusion, mitigating damage from reactive oxygen species, suppressing inflammation, preventing cellular apoptosis, and promoting tissue regeneration. Individually, Cordyceps could reduce neuronal excitatory toxicity and blood-brain barrier damage caused by cerebral ischemia. It can also significantly improve cardiac energy metabolism disorders and inhibit calcium overload caused by myocardial ischemia. Additionally, Cordyceps exerts a significant preventive or curative influence on the factors responsible for heart/brain ischemia, including hypertension, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and arrhythmia. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates Cordyceps' prospective efficacy and safety in the prevention or treatment of CI/RI and MI/RI, providing novel insights for managing ischemic CCVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liying He
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Haoran Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiuwen Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuqi Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Junhao Ma
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Run Yuan
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sijing Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinlin Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Wang X, Yang C, Zhang X, Ye C, Liu W, Wang C. Marine natural products: potential agents for depression treatment. Acta Biochim Pol 2024; 71:12569. [PMID: 38812493 PMCID: PMC11135343 DOI: 10.3389/abp.2024.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder. Due to the disadvantages of current clinical drugs, including poor efficacy and unnecessary side effects, research has shifted to novel natural products with minimal or no adverse effects as therapeutic alternatives. The ocean is a vast ecological home, with a wide variety of organisms that can produce a large number of natural products with unique structures, some of which have neuroprotective effects and are a valuable source for the development of new drugs for depression. In this review, we analyzed preclinical and clinical studies of natural products derived from marine organisms with antidepressant potential, including the effects on the pathophysiology of depression, and the underlying mechanisms of these effects. It is expected to provide a reference for the development of new antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chengmin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Longgang Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
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Atefipour N, Dianat M, Badavi M, Radan M, Mard SA. The Role of Rosmarinic Acid in the Protection Against Inflammatory Factors in Rats Model With Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Investigating the Signaling Pathway of NFκB, OPG, Runx2, and P-Selectin in Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:258-264. [PMID: 38151743 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Shortness of breath and syncope are common symptoms of right ventricular failure caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is the result of blockage and increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries. There is a significant amount of evidence supporting the idea that inflammation and vascular calcification (VC) are important factors in PAH pathogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the features of the inflammatory process and gene expression involved in VC in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats. MCT (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce PAH. Animals were given normal saline or rosmarinic acid (RA) (10, 15, and 30 mg/kg, gavage) for 21 days. An increase in right ventricular systolic pressure was evaluated as confirming PAH. To determine the level of inflammation in lung tissue, pulmonary edema and the total and differential white blood cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured. Also, the expression of NFκB, OPG, Runx2, and P-selectin genes was investigated to evaluate the level of VC in the heart. Our experiment showed that RA significantly decreased right ventricular hypertrophy, inflammatory factors, NFκB, Runx2, and P-selectin gene expression, pulmonary edema, total and differential white blood cell count, and increased OPG gene expression. Therefore, our research showed that RA protects against MCT-induced PAH by reducing inflammation and VC in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Atefipour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Radan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; and
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Xiong Z, An Q, Chen L, Xiang Y, Li L, Zheng Y. Cell or cell derivative-laden hydrogels for myocardial infarction therapy: from the perspective of cell types. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9867-9888. [PMID: 37751281 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a global cardiovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. To treat acute MI, various therapeutic approaches have been developed, including cells, extracellular vesicles, and biomimetic nanoparticles. However, the clinical application of these therapies is limited due to low cell viability, inadequate targetability, and rapid elimination from cardiac sites. Injectable hydrogels, with their three-dimensional porous structure, can maintain the biomechanical stabilization of hearts and the transplantation activity of cells. However, they cannot regenerate cardiomyocytes or repair broken hearts. A better understanding of the collaborative relationship between hydrogel delivery systems and cell or cell-inspired therapy will facilitate advancing innovative therapeutic strategies against MI. Following that, from the perspective of cell types, MI progression and recent studies on using hydrogel to deliver cell or cell-derived preparations for MI treatment are discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of cell or cell derivative-laden hydrogels for MI therapy are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yucheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yaxian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wu L, Yin W, Wen J, Wang S, Li H, Wang X, Zhang W, Duan S, Zhu Q, Gao E, Wu S, Zhan B, Zhou R, Yang X. Excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms ameliorate myocardial infarction by inducing M2 macrophage polarization in a mouse model. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:362. [PMID: 37845695 PMCID: PMC10577921 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-induced inflammatory response is the main pathological mechanism of myocardial infarction (MI)-caused heart tissue injury. It has been known that helminths and worm-derived proteins are capable of modulating host immune response to suppress excessive inflammation as a survival strategy. Excretory/secretory products from Trichinella spiralis adult worms (Ts-AES) have been shown to ameliorate inflammation-related diseases. In this study, Ts-AES were used to treat mice with MI to determine its therapeutic effect on reducing MI-induced heart inflammation and the immunological mechanism involved in the treatment. METHODS The MI model was established by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by the treatment of Ts-AES by intraperitoneal injection. The therapeutic effect of Ts-AES on MI was evaluated by measuring the heart/body weight ratio, cardiac systolic and diastolic functions, histopathological change in affected heart tissue and observing the 28-day survival rate. The effect of Ts-AES on mouse macrophage polarization was determined by stimulating mouse bone marrow macrophages in vitro with Ts-AES, and the macrophage phenotype was determined by flow cytometry. The protective effect of Ts-AES-regulated macrophage polarization on hypoxic cardiomyocytes was determined by in vitro co-culturing Ts-AES-induced mouse bone marrow macrophages with hypoxic cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocyte apoptosis determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS We observed that treatment with Ts-AES significantly improved cardiac function and ventricular remodeling, reduced pathological damage and mortality in mice with MI, associated with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increased regulatory cytokine expression and promoted macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 type in MI mice. Ts-AES-induced M2 macrophage polarization also reduced apoptosis of hypoxic cardiomyocytes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Ts-AES ameliorates MI in mice by promoting the polarization of macrophages toward the M2 type. Ts-AES is a potential pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of MI and other inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqin Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Wenhui Yin
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Jutai Wen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Weixiao Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Shuyao Duan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Shili Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rui Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
- Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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Souri F, Badavi M, Dianat M, Mard SA, Sarkaki A. Effect of Gallic Acid Pretreatment and SGK1 Enzyme Inhibition on Cardiac Function and Inflammation in a Rat Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 12:159-172. [PMID: 37724153 PMCID: PMC10505469 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.12.1.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) is an enzyme that may play an important role in ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury and myocardial dysfunction. Although many studies have been conducted on individual antioxidants, little attention has been paid to the effects of co-administration of an antioxidant with an SGK1 inhibitor on cardiac function after I/R. Methods This study aimed to determine the effects of gallic acid (as an antioxidant) combined with an SGK1 inhibitor on I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction and inflammation. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomized into 6 groups, pretreated with gallic acid or vehicle for 10 days. Subsequently, the heart was isolated and exposed to I/R. In groups that received the SGK1 inhibitor, the heart was perfused with the SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394, 5 min before induction of ischemia. After that, cardiac function, inflammatory factors, and myocardial damage were evaluated. Results The combination of these two compounds improved cardiac contractility, heart rate, rate pressure product, left ventricular developed pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, perfusion pressure, and QRS voltage significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, concomitant therapy of these two agents reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, and the activity of creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and troponin-I (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that administration of gallic acid with the SGK1 inhibitor may have a potentiating effect on the improvement of cardiac dysfunction and I/R-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Souri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Parboiled Germinated Brown Rice Improves Cardiac Structure and Gene Expression in Hypertensive Rats. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010009. [PMID: 36613225 PMCID: PMC9818593 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. The suppression of these indicators may be one treatment approach. Parboiled germinated brown rice (PGBR), obtained by steaming germinated Jasmine rice, reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo. PGBR contains more bioactive compounds than brown rice (BR) and white rice (WR). Anti-hypertensive benefits of PGBR have been predicted, but research is lacking. The anti-hypertensive effects of PGBR were investigated in the downstream gene network of hypertension pathogenesis, including the renin-angiotensin system, fibrosis, oxidative stress production, and antioxidant enzymes in N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. To strengthen our findings, the cardiac structure was also studied. PGBR-exposed rats showed significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to the hypertensive group. WR did not reduce SBP because of the loss of bioactive compounds during intensive milling. PGBR also reduced the expression of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX4), which contribute to the renin-angiotensin system, fibrosis, and oxidative stress production, respectively. Losartan (Los, an anti-hypertensive drug)-treated rats also exhibited similar gene expression, implying that PGBR may reduce hypertension using the same downstream target as Los. Our data also indicated that PGBR reduced cardiac lesions, such as the cardiomyopathy induced by L-NAME. This is the first report on the anti-hypertensive effects of PGBR in vivo by the suppression of the renin response, fibrosis, and improved cardiac structure.
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Goonoo N. Tunable Biomaterials for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration: Promising New Strategies for Advanced Biointerface Control and Improved Therapeutic Outcomes. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1626-1646. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI) and the natural healing process, the cardiac mechanostructure changes significantly leading to reduced contractile ability and putting additional pressure on the heart muscle thereby increasing the...
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He T, Wu Y, Li X, Yang M, Lin Q. Risk factors for infection-related hospitalization in end-stage renal disease patients during peri-dialysis period. Ther Apher Dial 2021; 26:717-725. [PMID: 34743407 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Infection-related hospitalization during the peri-dialysis period (PDP) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has received less attention. Considering the limited data, we explored the risk factors in this population. Retrospective analysis using the data system to examine factors for infection in ESRD during PDP between January 2012 and December 2017. Patients were divided into infected group and non-infected group according to the history of infection. Binary Logistic Regression Model was used to search for risk factors. A total of 478 patients were hospitalized during their PDP. One hundred and ninety patients developed infection (39.75%). Thirty-six patients (18.95%) had two or more infection events, all due to recurrent respiratory infections. The respiratory system was the main site of infection (63.68%), followed by the urinary system and digestive system. Compared with the non-infected group, the infected group had more patients with hypoproteinemia and coronary heart disease. The following factors: C-reactive protein >15 mg/L, procalcitonin >1 ng/L, neutrophil percentage >75%, age >52.5 years, platelet >300 × 109 /L, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and concomitant coronary heart disease were associated with the occurrence of infection in ESRD patients during PDP. Patients with ESRD have a high incidence of infection during the PDP, with respiratory infection most commonly seen. This research identified several factors associated with risk for infection, which should guide the design of infection prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming He
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchi Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hemodialysis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hemodialysis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qizhan Lin
- Department of Hemodialysis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Feliciano RDS, Atum ALB, Ruiz ÉGDS, Serra AJ, Antônio EL, Manchini MT, Silva JMA, Tucci PJF, Nathanson L, Morris M, Chavantes MC, Silva Júnior JA. Photobiomodulation Therapy on Myocardial Infarction in Rats: Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Implications to Cardiac Remodeling. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:1247-1257. [PMID: 33846991 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Induction of myocardial infarction (MI) in rats by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery is an experimental model used in research to elucidate functional, structural, and molecular modifications associated with ischemic heart disease. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has become a therapeutic alternative by modulating various biological processes eliciting several effects, including anti-inflammatory and pro-proliferative actions. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of PBMT in the modulation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes that occurred in myocardium signal transduction pathways after MI. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Continuous wave (CW) non-thermal laser parameters were: 660 nm wavelength, power 15 mW, with a total energy of 0.9 J, fluence of 1.15 J/cm2 , spot size of 0.785 cm2 , and time of 60 seconds. Using in silico analysis, we selected and then, quantified the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) of 47 genes of 9 signaling pathways associated with MI (angiogenesis, cell survival, hypertrophy, oxidative stress, apoptosis, extracellular matrix, calcium kinetics, cell metabolism, and inflammation). Messenger RNA expression quantification was performed in myocardial samples by polymerase chain reaction real-time array using TaqMan customized plates. RESULTS Our results evidenced that MI modified mRNA expression of several well-known biomarkers related to detrimental cardiac activity in almost all signaling pathways analyzed. However, PBMT reverted most of these transcriptional changes. More expressively, PBMT provoked a robust decrease in mRNA expression of molecules that participate in post-MI inflammation and ECM composition, such as IL-6, TNF receptor, TGFb1, and collagen I and III. Global microRNA (miRNA) expression analysis revealed that PBMT decreased miR-221, miR-34c, and miR-93 expressions post-MI, which are related to deleterious effects in cardiac remodeling. CONCLUSION Thus, the identification of transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes induced by PBMT may be used to interfere in the molecular dynamics of cardiac remodeling post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 709, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-001, Brazil
| | - Ednei Luiz Antônio
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 709, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-001, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo José Ferreira Tucci
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 709, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-001, Brazil
| | - Lubov Nathanson
- Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33314
| | - Mariana Morris
- Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, 33314
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Ao G, Wang Y, Qi X, Wang F, Wen H. Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and risk of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 25:157-165. [PMID: 33025234 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is currently controversial whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has a prognostic role in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to investigate whether NLR was an independent predictor of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in CKD patients with or without hemodialysis by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases are systematically searched for relevant literature that investigated NLR and subsequent cardiovascular or all-cause mortality risk in CKD with or without dialysis. Pooled hazard risk (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for the high vs. low NLR category. RESULTS A total of thirteen studies enrolling 116,709 patients were identified and analyzed. In summary, high NLR was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.87-2.00; P < 0.00001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.18-1.79, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that high NLR are independently associated with all-cause mortality risk in dialysis patients (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.87-2.01; P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates a high NLR is related to all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Dialysis patients with high NLR are candidates at high risk of mortality to allow for earlier interventions. Further large scale and more rigorously designed studies are warranted to confirm the prognostic value of NLR in the different stages of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Ao
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, No.18 North Wanxiang Road, High-tech District, Chengdu, 610016, Sichuan, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Third People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huitao Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, No.18 North Wanxiang Road, High-tech District, Chengdu, 610016, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Ushakov A, Ivanchenko V, Gagarina A. Regulation of Myocardial Extracellular Matrix Dynamic Changes in Myocardial Infarction and Postinfarct Remodeling. Curr Cardiol Rev 2020; 16:11-24. [PMID: 31072294 PMCID: PMC7393593 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666190509090832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The article represents literature review dedicated to molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying clinical manifestations and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction. Extracellular matrix adaptive changes are described in detail as one of the most important factors contributing to healing of damaged myocardium and post-infarction cardiac remodeling. Extracellular matrix is reviewed as dynamic constantly remodeling structure that plays a pivotal role in myocardial repair. The role of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in fragmentation and degradation of extracellular matrix as well as in myocardium healing is discussed. This review provides current information about fibroblasts activity, the role of growth factors, particularly transforming growth factor β and cardiotrophin-1, colony-stimulating factors, adipokines and gastrointestinal hormones, various matricellular proteins. In conclusion considering the fact that dynamic transformation of extracellular matrix after myocardial ischemic damage plays a pivotal role in myocardial infarction outcomes and prognosis, we suggest a high importance of further investigation of mechanisms underlying extracellular matrix remodeling and cell-matrix interactions in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ushakov
- Department of Internal Medicine #1 with Clinical Pharmacology Course, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Vera Ivanchenko
- Department of Internal Medicine #1 with Clinical Pharmacology Course, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Alina Gagarina
- Department of Internal Medicine #1 with Clinical Pharmacology Course, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
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13
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Rocker AJ, Lee DJ, Shandas R, Park D. Injectable Polymeric Delivery System for Spatiotemporal and Sequential Release of Therapeutic Proteins To Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis and Reduce Inflammation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1217-1227. [PMID: 33464833 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) causes cardiac cell death, induces persistent inflammatory responses, and generates harmful pathological remodeling, which leads to heart failure. Biomedical approaches to restore blood supply to ischemic myocardium, via controlled delivery of angiogenic and immunoregulatory proteins, may present an efficient treatment option for coronary artery disease (CAD). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is necessary to initiate neovessel formation, while platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is needed later to recruit pericytes, which stabilizes new vessels. Anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 (IL-10) can help optimize cardiac repair and limit the damaging effects of inflammation following MI. To meet these angiogenic and anti-inflammatory needs, an injectable polymeric delivery system composed of encapsulating micelle nanoparticles embedded in a sulfonated reverse thermal gel was developed. The sulfonate groups on the thermal gel electrostatically bind to VEGF and IL-10, and their specific binding affinities control their release rates, while PDGF-loaded micelles are embedded in the gel to provide the sequential release of the growth factors. An in vitro release study was performed, which demonstrated the sequential release capabilities of the delivery system. The ability of the delivery system to induce new blood vessel formation was analyzed in vivo using a subcutaneous injection mouse model. Histological assessment was used to quantify blood vessel formation and an inflammatory response, which showed that the polymeric delivery system significantly increased functional and mature vessel formation while reducing inflammation. Overall, the results demonstrate the effective delivery of therapeutic proteins to promote angiogenesis and limit inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rocker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver
- Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - David J Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver
- Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Robin Shandas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver
- Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Daewon Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver
- Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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14
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Chen Y, Shi J, Zhang Y, Miao J, Zhao Z, Jin X, Liu L, Yu L, Shen C, Ding J. An injectable thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with an ancient natural drug colchicine for myocardial repair after infarction. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:980-992. [PMID: 31930242 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02523e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Localized administration of anti-inflammatory agents benefits patients after myocardial infarction (MI) by repressing/modulating inflammatory response of the MI region and thus accelerating repair of the impaired tissues. Colchicine (Col), an ancient natural drug, has excellent anti-inflammatory effects; however, its utilization is strictly limited due to its severe systemic toxicity and narrow therapeutic window. In this study, we developed an intramyocardial delivery system of Col using an injectable, thermosensitive poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) polymer hydrogel as the vehicle for the treatment of MI while minimizing its systemic toxicity. The aqueous PLGA-PEG-PLGA solution loaded with Col (Col@Gel) underwent a sol-gel transition at 35 °C and maintained a gel state at body temperature. Col was released from the Col@Gel in an initial burst followed by a sustained release manner for over 8 days. The in vitro cell tests showed that the Col@Gel system significantly inhibited macrophage proliferation and migration. In a mouse model of MI, a single intramyocardial administration of the Col@Gel effectively alleviated cardiac inflammation, inhibited myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis, improved cardiac function and structure, and increased mouse survival without inducing severe systemic toxicity, which was observed following intraperitoneal administration of Col solution. These results suggested that the Col@Gel system is a reliable drug delivery system for the sustained local release of Col and has great potential as an anti-inflammatory therapy for the treat of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jiayue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jiajun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. and Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong 51900, China
| | - Chengxing Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. and Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, Guangdong 51900, China
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15
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Zhao M, Li F, Jian Y, Wang X, Yang H, Wang J, Su J, Lu X, Xi M, Wen A, Li J. Salvianolic acid B regulates macrophage polarization in ischemic/reperfused hearts by inhibiting mTORC1-induced glycolysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172916. [PMID: 31930970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in the healing and remodeling of cardiac tissues after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Here we investigated the potential effects of salvianolic acid B (SalB), one of the abundant and bioactive compounds extracted from Chinese herb Salvia Miltiorrhiza (Danshen), on macrophage-mediated inflammation after MI/R and the underlying mechanisms. In primary cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), SalB attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 biomarkers (IL-6, iNOS, CCL2 and TNF-α) mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, M2 biomarkers (Arg1, Clec10a and Mrc) mRNA levels following interleukinin-4 (IL-4) stimulation were significantly upregulated by SalB. In addition, LPS stimulation potently induced transcriptional upregulation of RagD, an important activation factor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Interestingly, SalB inhibited RagD upregulation and mTORC1 activation, decreased glycolysis, and reduced inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated macrophages, all of which were blunted in RagD knockdown macrophages. In mice subjected to MI/R, SalB treatment decreased cardiac M1-macrophages and increased M2-macrophages at 3 days post-MI/R, followed by decreased collagen deposition and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction at 7 days post-MI/R. Collectively, our data have shown that SalB decreases M1-polarized macrophages in MI/R hearts via inhibiting mTORC1-dependent glycolysis, which might contribute to alleviated inflammation and improved cardiac dysfunction afforded by SalB after MI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yufan Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Armed Police Corps Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xinming Lu
- YouYi Clinical Laboratories of Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jia Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Schroer AK, Bersi MR, Clark CR, Zhang Q, Sanders LH, Hatzopoulos AK, Force TL, Majka SM, Lal H, Merryman WD. Cadherin-11 blockade reduces inflammation-driven fibrotic remodeling and improves outcomes after myocardial infarction. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131545. [PMID: 31534054 PMCID: PMC6795284 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over one million Americans experience myocardial infarction (MI) annually, and the resulting scar and subsequent cardiac fibrosis gives rise to heart failure. A specialized cell-cell adhesion protein, cadherin-11 (CDH11), contributes to inflammation and fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary fibrosis, and aortic valve calcification but has not been studied in myocardium after MI. MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery in mice with either heterozygous or homozygous knockout of CDH11, wild-type mice receiving bone marrow transplants from Cdh11-deficient animals, and wild-type mice treated with a functional blocking antibody against CDH11 (SYN0012). Flow cytometry revealed significant CDH11 expression in noncardiomyocyte cells after MI. Animals given SYN0012 had improved cardiac function, as measured by echocardiogram, reduced tissue remodeling, and altered transcription of inflammatory and proangiogenic genes. Targeting CDH11 reduced bone marrow-derived myeloid cells and increased proangiogenic cells in the heart 3 days after MI. Cardiac fibroblast and macrophage interactions increased IL-6 secretion in vitro. Our findings suggest that CDH11-expressing cells contribute to inflammation-driven fibrotic remodeling after MI and that targeting CDH11 with a blocking antibody improves outcomes by altering recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells, limiting the macrophage-induced expression of IL-6 by fibroblasts and promoting vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan M. Majka
- Department of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hind Lal
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, and
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17
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Radan M, Dianat M, Badavi M, Mard SA, Bayati V, Goudarzi G. Gallic acid protects particulate matter (PM 10) triggers cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation causing heart adverse events in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18200-18207. [PMID: 31041709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that exposure to particulate matter (PM) increased variety of health problems, particularly cardiovascular diseases leading to premature mortality. The cardiac effects of particulate matter containing PM10 include increased infarct size, decreased heart function, and increased arrhythmias in experimental ischemia-reperfusion models in rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) on isolated-rat heart and also to determine the efficacy of gallic acid (GA) as a preventive agent in oxidative damage. The healthy rats were divided into 8 equal groups which served as, control, GA, PM10 (0.5, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg), and PM10+GA groups. PM10 administered into the lungs via the trachea in two stages with 48-h interval. After all experiments, the electrocardiogram was recorded. Then, the hemodynamic parameters and ventricular arrhythmias in rat isolated-hearts were assessed using Langendorff apparatus and according to the Lambeth conventions. In addition, the inflammation and oxidative stress factors in cardiac tissues were evaluated in all groups. The obtained results showed that the exposure to PM caused to decrease in cardiac hemodynamic and electrocardiogram parameters. Also, in PM10 rat groups, the IL-6, TNF-α, and oxidative stress parameters were increased. Gallic acid preserved the value of cardiac parameters and inflammation in rat hearts. In summary, we added a novel therapeutic effect of gallic acid for cardiac dysfunction induced by particulate matter. These findings could be related to antioxidant and antiinflammation properties and the obtained results suggest that natural antioxidant like gallic acid could be a therapeutic agent in prevention and management of health issues in the polluted areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Radan
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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18
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Cao Y, He S, Tao Z, Chen W, Xu Y, Liu P, Wang R, Wu J, Li L, Chen X. Macrophage-Specific IκB Kinase α Contributes to Ventricular Remodelling and Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:490-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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19
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Horton JL, Virag J. Use of Multifactorial Treatments to Address the Challenge of Translating Experimental Myocardial Infarct Reduction Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1449. [PMID: 30909376 PMCID: PMC6471438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial tissue damage that occurs during an ischemic event leads to a spiraling deterioration of cardiac muscle structural and functional integrity. Reperfusion is the only known efficacious strategy and is the most commonly used treatment to reduce injury and prevent remodeling. However, timing is critical, and the procedure is not always feasible for a variety of reasons. The complex molecular basis for cardioprotection has been studied for decades but formulation of a viable therapeutic that can significantly attenuate myocardial injury remains elusive. In this review, we address barriers to the development of a fruitful approach that will substantially improve the prognosis of those suffering from this widespread and largely unmitigated disease. Furthermore, we proffer that ephrinA1, a candidate molecule that satisfies many of the important criteria discussed, possesses robust potential to overcome these hurdles and thus offers protection that surpasses the limitations currently observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jitka Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, 600 Moye Blvd, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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20
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Hardy SA, Mabotuwana NS, Murtha LA, Coulter B, Sanchez-Bezanilla S, Al-Omary MS, Senanayake T, Loering S, Starkey M, Lee RJ, Rainer PP, Hansbro PM, Boyle AJ. Novel role of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) in cardiac aging and myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212230. [PMID: 30789914 PMCID: PMC6383988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of heart failure increases in the aging population and following myocardial infarction (MI), yet the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling underpinning the development of aging- and MI-associated cardiac fibrosis remains poorly understood. A link between inflammation and fibrosis in the heart has long been appreciated, but has mechanistically remained undefined. We investigated the expression of a novel protein, extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) in the aging and infarcted heart. METHODS Young adult (3-month old) and aging (18-month old) C57BL/6 mice were assessed. Young mice were subjected to left anterior descending artery-ligation to induce MI, or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to induce pressure-overload cardiomyopathy. Left ventricle (LV) tissue was collected early and late post-MI/TAC. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were isolated from young healthy mice, and subject to flow cytometry. Human cardiac fibroblast (CFb), myocyte, and coronary artery endothelial & smooth muscle cell lines were cultured; human CFbs were treated with recombinant ECM1. Primary mouse CFbs were cultured and treated with recombinant angiotensin-II or TGF-β1. Immunoblotting, qPCR and mRNA fluorescent in-situ hybridization (mRNA-FISH) were conducted on LV tissue and cells. RESULTS ECM1 expression was upregulated in the aging LV, and in the infarct zone of the LV early post-MI. No significant differences in ECM1 expression were found late post-MI or at any time-point post-TAC. ECM1 was not expressed in any resident cardiac cells, but ECM1 was highly expressed in BMCs, with high ECM1 expression in granulocytes. Flow cytometry of bone marrow revealed ECM1 expression in large granular leucocytes. mRNA-FISH revealed that ECM1 was indeed expressed by inflammatory cells in the infarct zone at day-3 post-MI. ECM1 stimulation of CFbs induced ERK1/2 and AKT activation and collagen-I expression, suggesting a pro-fibrotic role. CONCLUSIONS ECM1 expression is increased in ageing and infarcted hearts but is not expressed by resident cardiac cells. Instead it is expressed by bone marrow-derived granulocytes. ECM1 is sufficient to induce cardiac fibroblast stimulation in vitro. Our findings suggest ECM1 is released from infiltrating inflammatory cells, which leads to cardiac fibroblast stimulation and fibrosis in aging and MI. ECM1 may be a novel intermediary between inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Hardy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Nishani S. Mabotuwana
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Murtha
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Brianna Coulter
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Omary
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Tharindu Senanayake
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Svenja Loering
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm Starkey
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Randall J. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Edyth and Eli Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter P. Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre’s for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre for inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Technology, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Boyle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Habooby NGSAL, Yousif NG, Hadi NR, Al-Baghdadi JJ. Vitamin D Attenuates Myocardial Injury by Reduces ERK Phosphorylation Induced by I/R in Mice Model. Curr Chem Genom Transl Med 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/2213988501812010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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22
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Mihanfar A, Nejabati HR, Fattahi A, latifi Z, Faridvand Y, Pezeshkian M, Jodati AR, Safaie N, Afrasiabi A, Nouri M. SIRT3-mediated cardiac remodeling/repair following myocardial infarction. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:367-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Cardiosphere-derived cells suppress allogeneic lymphocytes by production of PGE2 acting via the EP4 receptor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13351. [PMID: 30190508 PMCID: PMC6127326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are a cardiac progenitor cell population, which have been shown to possess cardiac regenerative properties and can improve heart function in a variety of cardiac diseases. Studies in large animal models have predominantly focussed on using autologous cells for safety, however allogeneic cell banks would allow for a practical, cost-effective and efficient use in a clinical setting. The aim of this work was to determine the immunomodulatory status of these cells using CDCs and lymphocytes from 5 dogs. CDCs expressed MHC I but not MHC II molecules and in mixed lymphocyte reactions demonstrated a lack of lymphocyte proliferation in response to MHC-mismatched CDCs. Furthermore, MHC-mismatched CDCs suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and activation in response to Concanavalin A. Transwell experiments demonstrated that this was predominantly due to direct cell-cell contact in addition to soluble mediators whereby CDCs produced high levels of PGE2 under inflammatory conditions. This led to down-regulation of CD25 expression on lymphocytes via the EP4 receptor. Blocking prostaglandin synthesis restored both, proliferation and activation (measured via CD25 expression) of stimulated lymphocytes. We demonstrated for the first time in a large animal model that CDCs inhibit proliferation in allo-reactive lymphocytes and have potent immunosuppressive activity mediated via PGE2.
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ω-Alkynyl arachidonic acid promotes anti-inflammatory macrophage M2 polarization against acute myocardial infarction via regulating the cross-talk between PKM2, HIF-1α and iNOS. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1595-1605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Yaman OM, Erman H, Guner I, Tok OE, Pala M, Esrefoglu M, Gelisgen R, Uzun H, Aksu U, Yelmen N, Sahin G. Remote myocardial injury: the protective role of fluoxetine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:319-327. [PMID: 28915358 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aortic cross-clamping-induced ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is an important factor in the development of postoperative acute cardiac injury following abdominal aortic surgery. We investigated the possible anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory effects of fluoxetine (FLX), which is used widely as a preoperative anxiolytic on cardiac injury induced by IR of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. FLX was administered to IR-performed (60 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion) rats for 3 days, once daily at 20 mg/kg i.p. dosage. Results were compared to control and non-FLX-treated IR-performed rats. Serum creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB levels, lipid hydroperoxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and pro-oxidant/anti-oxidant balance levels in the IR group were significantly higher whereas superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione, and ferric reducing/anti-oxidant power levels were lower than for the control. IR also increased myeloperoxidase activity, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 and decreased interleukin-10 levels. FLX decreased CK, CK-MB, lipid hydroperoxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and pro-oxidant/anti-oxidant balance levels while increasing superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione, and ferric reducing/anti-oxidant power levels. FLX also decreased myeloperoxidase activity, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 levels and increased interleukin-10 levels compared to IR. FLX attenuated the morphological changes associated with cardiac injury. Our study clearly demonstrates that FLX confers protection against aortic IR-induced cardiac injury, tissue leucocyte infiltration, and cellular integrity via its anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur M Yaman
- a Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Erman
- b Medeniyet University, Goztepe Reseach and Educational Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Guner
- a Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olgu Enis Tok
- c Department of Embryology and Histology, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Pala
- d Medical Faculty, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Esrefoglu
- c Department of Embryology and Histology, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Remise Gelisgen
- a Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Uzun
- a Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Aksu
- e Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nermin Yelmen
- a Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulderen Sahin
- a Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Suthahar N, Meijers WC, Silljé HHW, de Boer RA. From Inflammation to Fibrosis-Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Myocardial Tissue Remodelling and Perspectives on Differential Treatment Opportunities. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2017; 14:235-250. [PMID: 28707261 PMCID: PMC5527069 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-017-0343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we highlight the most important cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. We also discuss the interplay between inflammation and fibrosis in various precursors of heart failure (HF) and how such mechanisms can contribute to myocardial tissue remodelling and development of HF. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, many research articles attempt to elucidate different aspects of the interplay between inflammation and fibrosis. Cardiac inflammation and fibrosis are major pathophysiological mechanisms operating in the failing heart, regardless of HF aetiology. Currently, novel therapeutic options are available or are being developed to treat HF and these are discussed in this review. A progressive disease needs an aggressive management; however, existing therapies against HF are insufficient. There is a dynamic interplay between inflammation and fibrosis in various precursors of HF such as myocardial infarction (MI), myocarditis and hypertension, and also in HF itself. There is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets and develop advanced therapeutic strategies to combat the syndrome of HF. Understanding and describing the elements of the inflammatory and fibrotic pathways are essential, and specific drugs that target these pathways need to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Suthahar
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter C Meijers
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Chang H, Zhao X, Zhu Q, Hou Q, Li Y. Removal of epicardial adipose tissue after myocardial infarction improves cardiac function. Herz 2017; 43:258-264. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-017-4555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Novel protective effects of pulsed electromagnetic field ischemia/reperfusion injury rats. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160082. [PMID: 27780890 PMCID: PMC5137536 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) treatment protected ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury from apoptosis via B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bax and nitric oxide (NO) releasing. Extracorporeal pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has shown the ability to regenerate tissue by promoting cell proliferation. In the present study, we investigated for the first time whether PEMF treatment could improve the myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and uncovered its underlying mechanisms. In our study, we demonstrated for the first time that extracorporeal PEMF has a novel effect on myocardial I/R injury. The number and function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were increased in PEMF treating rats. The in vivo results showed that per-treatment of PEMF could significantly improve the cardiac function in I/R injury group. In addition, PEMF treatment also reduced the apoptosis of myocardial cells by up-regulating the expression of anti-apoptosis protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and down-regulating the expression of pro-apoptosis protein (Bax). In vitro, the results showed that PEMF treatment could significantly reduce the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in primary neonatal rat cardiac ventricular myocytes (NRCMs) induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). In particular, PEMF increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which might be closely related to attenuated cell apoptosis by increasing the releasing of nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, our data indicated that PEMF could be a potential candidate for I/R injury.
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Humeres C, Vivar R, Boza P, Muñoz C, Bolivar S, Anfossi R, Osorio JM, Olivares-Silva F, García L, Díaz-Araya G. Cardiac fibroblast cytokine profiles induced by proinflammatory or profibrotic stimuli promote monocyte recruitment and modulate macrophage M1/M2 balance in vitro. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:S0022-2828(16)30392-3. [PMID: 27983968 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization plays an essential role in cardiac remodeling after injury, evolving from an initial accumulation of proinflammatory M1 macrophages to a greater balance of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Whether cardiac fibroblasts themselves influence this process remains an intriguing question. In this work, we present evidence for a role of cardiac fibroblasts (CF) as regulators of macrophage recruitment and skewing. Adult rat CF, were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TGF-β1, to evaluate ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression using Western blot and proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokine secretion using LUMINEX. We performed in vitro migration and adhesion assays of rat spleen monocytes to layers of TGF-β1- or LPS-pretreated CF. Finally, TGF-β1- or LPS-pretreated CF were co-cultured with monocyte, to evaluate their effects on macrophage polarization, using flow cytometry and cytokine secretion. There was a significant increase in monocyte adhesion to LPS- or TGF-β1-stimulated CF, associated with increased CF expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. siRNA silencing of either ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 inhibited monocyte adhesion to LPS-pretreated CF; however, monocyte adhesion to TGF-β1-treated CF was dependent on only VCAM-1 expression. Pretreatment of CF with LPS or TGF-β1 increased monocyte migration to CF, and this effect was completely abolished with an MCP-1 antibody blockade. LPS-treated CF secreted elevated levels of TNF-α and MCP-1, and when co-cultured with monocyte, LPS-treated CF stimulated increased macrophage M1 polarization and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12 and MCP-1). On the other hand, CF stimulated with TGF-β1 produced an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (high IL-10 and IL-5, low TNF-α). When co-cultured with monocytes, the TGF-β1 stimulated fibroblasts skewed monocyte differentiation towards M2 macrophages accompanied by increased IL-10 and decreased IL-12 levels. Taken together, our results show for the first time that CF can recruit monocytes (via MCP-1-mediated chemotaxis and adhesion to ICAM-1/VCAM-1) and induce their differentiation to M1 or M2 macrophages (through the CF cytokine profile induced by proinflammatory or profibrotic stimuli).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Humeres
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile; Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDis), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Pia Boza
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Claudia Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Samir Bolivar
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Renatto Anfossi
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Jose Miguel Osorio
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Francisco Olivares-Silva
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile; Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDis), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile; Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDis), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile.
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Abstract
Mild therapeutic hypothermia of 32-35°C improved neurologic outcomes in outside hospital cardiac arrest survivor. Furthermore, in experimental studies on infarcted model and pilot studies on conscious patients with acute myocardial infarction, therapeutic hypothermia successfully reduced infarct size and microvascular resistance. Therefore, mild therapeutic hypothermia has received an attention as a promising solution for reduction of infarction size after acute myocardial infarction which are not completely solved despite of optimal reperfusion therapy. Nevertheless, the results from randomized clinical trials failed to prove the cardioprotective effects of therapeutic hypothermia or showed beneficial effects only in limited subgroups. In this article, we reviewed rationale for therapeutic hypothermia and possible mechanisms from previous studies, effective methods for clinical application to the patients with acute myocardial infarction, lessons from current clinical trials and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Green Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ikeno Fumiaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wook Bum Pyun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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31
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Chang MC, Tsai YL, Chang HH, Lee SY, Lee MS, Chang CW, Chan CP, Yeh CY, Cheng RH, Jeng JH. IL-1β-induced MCP-1 expression and secretion of human dental pulp cells is related to TAK1, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 61:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Daniel LL, Daniels CR, Harirforoosh S, Foster CR, Singh M, Singh K. Deficiency of ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase delays inflammatory response in the heart following myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 3:e001286. [PMID: 25520329 PMCID: PMC4338722 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Ataxia‐telangiectasia results from mutations in ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) gene. We recently reported that ATM deficiency attenuates left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and dilatation 7 days after myocardial infarction (MI) with increased apoptosis and fibrosis. Here we investigated the role of ATM in the induction of inflammatory response, and activation of survival signaling molecules in the heart acute post‐MI. Methods and Results LV structure, function, inflammatory response, and biochemical parameters were measured in wild‐type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice 1 and 3 days post‐MI. ATM deficiency had no effect on infarct size. MI‐induced decline in heart function, as measured by changes in percent fractional shortening, ejection fraction and LV end systolic and diastolic volumes, was lower in hKO‐MI versus WT‐MI (n=10 to 12). The number of neutrophils and macrophages was significantly lower in the infarct LV region of hKO versus WT 1 day post‐MI. Fibrosis and expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (myofibroblast marker) were higher in hKO‐MI, while active TGF‐β1 levels were higher in the WT‐MI 3 days post‐MI. Myocyte cross‐sectional area was higher in hKO‐sham with no difference between the two MI groups. MMP‐9 protein levels were similarly increased in the infarct LV region of both MI groups. Apoptosis was significantly higher in the infarct LV region of hKO at both time points. Akt activation was lower, while Bax expression was higher in hKO‐MI infarct. Conclusion ATM deficiency results in decreased dilative remodeling and delays inflammatory response acute post‐MI. However, it associates with increased fibrosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Daniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614
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Zhang W, Xing B, Yang L, Shi J, Zhou X. Icaritin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Via Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Stress Effects in Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1083-97. [PMID: 26364662 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Icaritin (ICT) is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb proved to be neuroprotective and exerts promoting effects on cardiac differentiation. However, its role in cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ICT treatment on MI/R injury and the underlying mechanisms. Rats were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemic insult followed by 3 h of reperfusion. ICT (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 10 min before reperfusion. ICT treatment at the dose of 10 and 30 mg/kg improved cardiac function and limited infarct size following MI/R. Meanwhile, ICT reduced plasma creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in I/R heart tissue. Moreover, ICT treatment not only inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α production and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level in myocardium but also reduced the increase in the generation of superoxide content and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and simultaneously increased the anti-oxidant capability in I/R hearts. Furthermore, ICT treatment increased Akt phosphorylation and inhibited PTEN expression in I/R hearts. PI3K inhibitor wortmannin inhibited ICT-enhanced Akt phosphorylation, and blunted ICT-mediated anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and cardioprotection. Our study indicated for the first time that ICT reduces inflammation and oxidative stress and protects against MI/R injury in rats, which might be via a PI3K–Akt-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Baichun Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Jialun Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Xue Y, Shui X, Su W, He Y, Lu X, Zhang Y, Yan G, Huang S, Lei W, Chen C. Baicalin inhibits inflammation and attenuates myocardial ischaemic injury by aryl hydrocarbon receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:1756-64. [PMID: 26407904 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent evidence indicates that suppressing inflammation by specific drug target and treatment measures contributes to attenuate ischaemic injury and the related heart diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of baicalin on myocardial ischaemic injury through inhibition of inflammation by inactivating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). METHODS The mouse model with myocardial ischaemic injury was prepared by the left anterior descending coronary artery-amputation and then treated using baicalin. After observing the expression of AhR by immunohistochemical staining, the AhR and inflammatory mediators in circulation and myocardial tissues, including high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, were detected based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot methods. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that (1) substantial expression of AhR was observed in myocardial tissues; (2) ischaemic injury caused myocardial necrosis and remodelling, and stimulated hsCRP, IL-1β and IL-6 by activation of AhR; and (3) baicalin alleviated the myocardial injury and inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of AhR. CONCLUSION Our findings extend the list of AhR ligands beyond exogenous toxins and endogenous molecules to cardiac immunological factors, and moreover it could be considered potential drug targets due to its pathological modulatory properties, while baicalin demonstrated promise as a novel vehicle for ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Xue
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weiqing Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuan He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinlin Lu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guosen Yan
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shian Huang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Can Chen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
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Persic V, Ruzic A, Miletic B, Samsa DT, Rakic M, Raljevic D, Pejcinovic VP, Eminovic S, Zaputovic L, Laskarin G. Granulysin Expression in Lymphocytes that Populate the Peripheral Blood and the Myocardium after an Acute Coronary Event. Scand J Immunol 2015; 75:231-42. [PMID: 21967803 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to analyse granulysin (GNLY)-mediated cytotoxicity in the peripheral blood of patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) treated with anti-ischaemic drug therapy. Thirty-nine NSTEMI patients with a median age of 70 years and 28 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. On day 7 after MI, the number of GNLY(+) lymphocytes in the peripheral blood increased approximately six-fold of that in the healthy subjects, measured by flow cytometry. On day 14, the number of GNLY(+) cells significantly decreased in T, NKT, and both CD56(+dim) and CD56(+bright) NK subsets. GNLY(+) CD3(+) and GNLY(+) CD56(+) cells infiltrated central zone of myocardial infarction (MI). In persons who died in the first week after MI, GNLY(+) cells were found within accumulation of apoptotic leucocytes and reached the apoptotic cardiomyocytes in border MI zones probably due to the influence of interleukin-15 in peri-necrotic cardiomyocytes, as it is was shown by immunohistology. By day 28, the percentage of GNLY(+) lymphocytes in peripheral blood returned to the levels similar to that of the healthy subjects. Anti-GNLY mAb decreased apoptosis of K562 targets using peripheral blood NK cells from days 7 and 28 after MI, while in assays using cells from days 1 and 21, both anti-GNLY and anti-perforin mAbs were required to significantly decrease apoptosis. Using NK cells from day 14, K562 apoptosis was nearly absent. In conclusion, it seems that GNLY(+) lymphocytes, probably attracted by IL-15, not only participate partially in myocardial cell apoptosis, but also hasten resolution of cardiac leucocyte infiltration in patients with NSTEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Persic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapija" Opatija, Opatija, CroatiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDivision of Cardiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - A Ruzic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapija" Opatija, Opatija, CroatiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDivision of Cardiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - B Miletic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapija" Opatija, Opatija, CroatiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDivision of Cardiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - D Travica Samsa
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapija" Opatija, Opatija, CroatiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDivision of Cardiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - M Rakic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapija" Opatija, Opatija, CroatiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDivision of Cardiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - D Raljevic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapija" Opatija, Opatija, CroatiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDivision of Cardiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - V Pehar Pejcinovic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapija" Opatija, Opatija, CroatiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDivision of Cardiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - S Eminovic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapija" Opatija, Opatija, CroatiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDivision of Cardiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - L Zaputovic
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapija" Opatija, Opatija, CroatiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDivision of Cardiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - G Laskarin
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of the Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism "Thalassotherapija" Opatija, Opatija, CroatiaDepartment of Medical Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDivision of Cardiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Liu Q, Li J, Jubair S, Wang D, Luo Y, Fan D, Janicki JS. Sparstolonin B attenuates hypoxia-induced apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation in cultured rat left ventricular tissue slices. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:433-9. [PMID: 25117676 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ischemia/reperfusion results in tissue damage, a rapid increase in cytokines and chemokines and inflammatory cell infiltration. Herein we investigated the ability of a selective TLR2/4 antagonist, Sparstolonin B (SsnB), to protect rat cultured left ventricular tissue (LV) slices from hypoxic injury by inhibiting the myocardial inflammatory response independent of inflammatory cell infiltration. METHODS AND RESULTS Media Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured to reflect hypoxia-induced cytotoxicity and cell injury with and without SsnB. Incubation with SsnB (15 and 30 μM) significantly reduced by 20 and 40%, respectively, the amount of LDH released from the hypoxic LV slices. TUNEL staining showed that SsnB significantly attenuated the levels of hypoxia-induced apoptotic cells from 61.5 ± 4.0 to 27.0 ± 2.1 (15 μM SsnB) and 23.5 ± 2.2 (30 μM SsnB) cells/unit area. Similarly, the Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of ischemic areas in untreated hypoxic LV slices was increased 17 fold from 0.26± 0.09 to 4.41 ± 0.43%, while in hypoxic slices incubated with 15 and 30 μM of SsnB, the PAS positive ischemic areas were increased by only 6.4 fold to 1.66 ± 0.39% and 3.8 fold to 1.00 ± 0.22%, respectively. Rt-PCR confirmed that MCP1 and IL-6 expression during hypoxia was elevated by 2 and 4 fold, respectively, while their up-regulation was significantly inhibited (i.e., < 0.7 fold increase) by SsnB. CONCLUSION The selective TLR2/4 antagonist, Sparstolonin B, can substantially protect LV myocardium via its ability to inhibit injury resulting from hypoxic myocardial-generated inflammation. Accordingly SsnB has potential as a therapeutic agent for the attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Fordjour PA, Wang Y, Shi Y, Agyemang K, Akinyi M, Zhang Q, Fan G. Possible mechanisms of C-reactive protein mediated acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 760:72-80. [PMID: 25895642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a relevant cardiovascular event worldwide for morbidity and mortality. It has been theorized that acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) and other acute coronary events that are precipitated by atherosclerosis are due to arterial blockage from fat deposits. It is now known, however, that atherosclerosis involves more than just lipids. Inflammation has also been studied extensively to play a substantial role in myocardial infarction. There have been debates and conflicting reports over the past few years about the value of assessing levels of C-reactive protein and other biomarkers of inflammation for the prediction of cardiovascular events. Several studies have shown that CRP is not only an inflammatory marker, but also involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. Studies have linked atherogenesis and rupture of atherosclerotic lesion to endothelial dysfunction. CRP directly inhibits endothelial cell nitric oxide (NO) production via destabilizing endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Decreased NO release causes CRP mediated inhibition of angiogenesis, stimulating endothelial cell apoptosis. CRP can also activate the complement system through the classical pathway. Complement activation plays an important role in mediating monocyte and neutrophil recruitment in an injured myocardium and may therefore lead to increase in infarct size. This article discusses the possible roles of CRP in complement activation, endothelial dysfunction and its impact on the development of myocardial infarction. We also reviewed the possible therapeutic approaches to myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Asare Fordjour
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Kojo Agyemang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Mary Akinyi
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Yin X, Wang X, Fan Z, Peng C, Ren Z, Huang L, Liu Z, Zhao K. Hyperbaric Oxygen Preconditioning Attenuates Myocardium Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase 1 Expression: PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway Involved. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 20:428-38. [PMID: 25604781 DOI: 10.1177/1074248414568196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rise of the burden of ischemic heart disease, both clinical and economic evidence show a desperate need to protect the heart against myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury-related complications following cardiac surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention. However, there is no effective intervention for myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury as yet. METHODS We pretreated mice with 4 daily 2.0 absolute atmosphere (ATA) hyperbaric oxygen, then observed its effects on heart function parameters and infarct size following in situ ischemia-reperfusion. Multiple oxidative and inflammation products were measured in the myocardium. Next, we investigated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) pathway, and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the presence of myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury, hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning, and their inhibitors and their effects on heart function parameters. RESULTS Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning ameliorated the cardiac function and histological alterations induced by myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury, decreased oxidative products and proinflammatory cytokine. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning increased expression of HO-1, which was suppressed by PI3K inhibitor LY294002, Nrf2 knockout, and Akt inhibitor triciribine. The expression of Nrf2 was enhanced by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning, but decreased by LY294002 and triciribine. The Akt was also activated by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning but suppressed by LY294002. The hemodynamic assays showed that cardiac function was suppressed by LY294002, Nrf2 knockout, and triciribine. CONCLUSION These data present a novel signaling mechanism by which hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning protects myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/Akt/Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defensive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Yin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of General Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghai Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiao Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Gilbert K, Bernier J, Godbout R, Rousseau G. Resolvin D1, a metabolite of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, decreases post-myocardial infarct depression. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5396-407. [PMID: 25402828 PMCID: PMC4245537 DOI: 10.3390/md12115396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that inflammation induced by myocardial ischemia plays a central role in depression-like behavior after myocardial infarction (MI). Several experimental approaches that reduce inflammation also result in attenuation of depressive symptoms. We have demonstrated that Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a metabolite of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) derived from docosahexaenoic acid, diminishes infarct size and neutrophil accumulation in the ischemic myocardium. The aim of this study is to determine if a single RvD1 injection could alleviate depressive symptoms in a rat model of MI. MI was induced in rats by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 40 min. Five minutes before ischemia or after reperfusion, 0.1 μg of RvD1 or vehicle was injected in the left ventricle cavity. Fourteen days after MI, behavioral tests (forced swim test and socialization) were conducted to evaluate depression-like symptoms. RvD1 reduced infarct size in the treated vs. the vehicle group. Animals receiving RvD1 also showed better performance in the forced swim and social interaction tests vs. vehicle controls. These results indicate that a single RvD1 dose, given 5 min before occlusion or 5 min after the onset of reperfusion, decreases infarct size and attenuates depression-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Gilbert
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada.
| | - Judith Bernier
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada.
| | - Roger Godbout
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada.
| | - Guy Rousseau
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada.
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Turillazzi E, Di Paolo M, Neri M, Riezzo I, Fineschi V. A theoretical timeline for myocardial infarction: immunohistochemical evaluation and western blot quantification for Interleukin-15 and Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 as very early markers. J Transl Med 2014; 12:188. [PMID: 24989171 PMCID: PMC4094437 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental and human studies have demonstrated that innate immune mechanisms and consequent inflammatory reaction play a critical role in cardiac response to ischemic injury. Thus, the detection of immuno-inflammatory and cellular phenomena accompanying cardiac alterations during the early inflammatory phase of myocardial infarction (MI) may be an excellent diagnostic tool. Current knowledge of the chronology of the responses of myocardial tissue following the occurrence of ischemic insult, as well as the existence of numerous studies aiming to identify reliable markers in dating MI, induced us to investigate the myocardial specimens of MI fatal cases in order to better define the age of MI. METHODS We performed an immunohistochemical study and a Western blot analysis to evaluate detectable morphological changes in myocardial specimens of fatal MI cases and to quantify the effects of cardiac expression of inflammatory mediators (CD15, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-15, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1, CD18, tryptase) and structural and functional cardiac proteins. RESULTS We observed a biphasic course of MCP-1: it was strongly expressed in the very early phase (0-4 hrs), to diminish in the early period (after 6-8 hrs). Again, our choice of IL-15 is explained by the synergism with neutrophilic granulocytes (CD15) and our study shows the potential for striking cytokine synergy in promoting fast, local neutrophil response in damaged tissues. A progressively stronger immunoreaction for the CD15 antibody was visible in the areas where the margination of circulating inflammatory cells was detectable, up to very strong expression in the oldest ones (>12 hours). Further, the induction of CD15, IL-15, MCP-1 expression levels was quantified by Western blot analysis. The results were as follows: IL-15/β-actin 0.80, CD15/β-actin 0.30, and MCP-1/β-actin 0.60, matching perfectly with the results of immunohistochemistry. Control hearts from traumatic death cases did not show any immunoreactivity to the pro-inflammatory markers, neither were there any reactions in Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS Essential markers (i.e. IL-15, MCP-1) are suitable indicators of myocardial response to ischemic insult involving very early phase reaction (inflammatory response and cytokine release). In the very near future, proteomics may help clinicians and pathologists to better understand mechanisms relating to cardiac repair and remodeling and provide targets for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D’Avanzo, Viale degli Aviatori, n. 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Department of Forensic Pathology, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D’Avanzo, Viale degli Aviatori, n. 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Irene Riezzo
- Department of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D’Avanzo, Viale degli Aviatori, n. 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Forensic Pathology, University “La Sapienza” of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Roma, Italy
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Arnson Y, Itzhaky D, Mosseri M, Barak V, Tzur B, Agmon-Levin N, Amital H. Vitamin D inflammatory cytokines and coronary events: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014; 45:236-47. [PMID: 23314982 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of cardiac injury in the Western world. Cardiac injury activates innate immune mechanisms initiating an inflammatory reaction. Inflammatory cytokines and vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM) promote adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells, resulting in the transmigration of inflammatory cells into the site of injury. Low vitamin D levels are associated with higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and a higher risk of MI. In this paper, we examine the effects of short-term vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory cytokine levels after an acute coronary syndrome. We recruited patients arriving to the hospital with an acute MI. All patients received optimal medical therapy and underwent a coronary catheterization. Half of the patients were randomly selected and treated with a daily supplement of vitamin D (4,000 IU) for 5 days. A short course of treatment with vitamin D effectively attenuated the increase in circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines after an acute coronary event. Control group patients had increased cytokine and cellular adhesion molecules serum concentrations after 5 days, while the vitamin D-treated group had an attenuated elevation or a reduction of these parameters. There were significant differences in VCAM-1 levels, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. There were trends toward significance in interleukin-8 levels. There were no significant differences in circulating levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α. These findings provide information on the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D on the vascular system and suggest mechanisms that mediate some of its cardioprotective properties. There is place for further studies involving prolonged vitamin D treatment in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Arnson
- Cardiology Division, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
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Wei G, Guan Y, Yin Y, Duan J, Zhou D, Zhu Y, Quan W, Xi M, Wen A. Anti-inflammatory effect of protocatechuic aldehyde on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. Inflammation 2014; 36:592-602. [PMID: 23269534 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, in which inflammatory response plays a vital role, is frequently encountered in clinical practice. The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and the possible mechanism of protocatechuic aldehyde (PAl) on MI/R injury both in vivo and in vitro. The rat model of MI/R injury was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min, followed by 3-h reperfusion, and pretreatment with PAl could protect the heart from MI/R injury by reducing myocardial infarct size and the activities of creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) in serum. Also, PAl administration markedly reduced cellular injury induced by simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, which was evidenced by increased cell viability, reduced lactate dehydrogenase and cTn-I activities in the culture medium, and greatly decreased percentage of cell apoptosis. Moreover, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, phosphorylated IκB-α, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were all evidently decreased by PAl both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these observations suggested that PAl could exert great protective effects against MI/R injury in rats and SI/R injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and the cardioprotective mechanism might be involved in the suppression of inflammatory response via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Mueller M, Herzog C, Larmann J, Schmitz M, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Gessner JE, Theilmeier G. The receptor for activated complement factor 5 (C5aR) conveys myocardial ischemic damage by mediating neutrophil transmigration. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1131-8. [PMID: 23642836 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tissue loss after myocardial ischemia with reperfusion (MI/R) is in part conveyed by neutrophil recruitment to post-ischemic myocardium. Strategies to prevent reperfusion injury would help to limit myocardial damage. The receptor for activated complement factor 5 (C5aR) plays a prominent role in inflammation. We examine the effects of C5aR-deficiency on reperfusion injury after MI/R. C5aR(-/-)-mice and their C57BL/6- (WT) littermates underwent transient myocardial ischemia followed by different time points of reperfusion. Infarct size and leukocyte infiltration were determined. Expression of C5aR, inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions were assessed by low-shear adhesion- and transmigration-assays in vitro. Myocardial C5aR mRNA expression was 2.8-fold increased by ischemia. Infarct size per area-at-risk and leukocyte recruitment into infarctions were reduced in C5aR(-/-)-compared to WT-mice as well as in WT mice treated with the C5aR-antagonist JPE1375. IL-6, IL-1β, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were not different, while TNFα expression was reduced in C5aR(-/-)-mice after MI/R. In vitro, C5aR on leukocytes is required for effective transendothelial migration but not adhesion. Expression of MMP9 and JAM-A, molecules that are involved in leukocyte transmigration, were reduced in C5aR(-/-) mice in vivo. Genetic C5aR deficiency blunts the inflammatory response in murine MI/R resulting in reduced inflammatory cell recruitment, which is due to a C5aR-dependent effect on leukocyte transmigration across inflamed endothelium into the ischemic myocardium. This effect could be related to MMP9- and JAM-A expression in response to ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mueller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Zhao T, Zhao W, Chen Y, Liu L, Ahokas RA, Sun Y. Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms and receptor subtypes in the infarcted heart. Int J Cardiol 2012; 167:2638-45. [PMID: 22818386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family contains four major isoforms and three receptor subtypes. The expressions of each VEGF isoform and receptor subtype in cardiac repair/remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remain uncertain and are investigated in the current study. METHODS AND RESULTS Temporal and spatial expressions of VEGF isoforms and VEGFR subtypes were examined in the infarcted rat heart. Sham-operated rats served as controls. We found that the normal myocardium expressed all VEGF isoforms. Following MI, VEGF-A was only increased in the border zone at day 1 and was significantly decreased in the infarcted heart during the 42 day observation period afterwards. VEGF-B was significantly suppressed in the infarcted heart. VEGF-C and VEGF-D were markedly increased in the infarcted heart in both early and late stages of MI. VEGFR-1 and 2 were significantly decreased in the infarcted heart, while VEGFR-3 was significantly increased, which was primarily expressed in blood vessels and myofibroblasts (myoFb). CONCLUSIONS VEGF isoforms and VEGFR subtypes are differentially expressed in the infarcted heart. Increased VEGF-A in the very early stage of MI suggests the potential role in initiating the cardiac angiogenic response. Suppressed cardiac VEGF-B postMI suggests that it may not be critical to cardiac repair. The presence of enhanced VEGF-C and VEGF-D along with its receptor, VEGFR-3, in various cell types of the infarcted heart suggest that these isoforms may regulate multiple responses during cardiac repair/remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieqiang Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
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Carvalheiro T, Velada I, Valado A, Mendes F, Martinho A, António N, Gonçalves L, Providência L, Pais ML, Paiva A. Phenotypic and functional alterations on inflammatory peripheral blood cells after acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:309-20. [PMID: 22528677 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and function of T cells, monocytes, and dendritic cell subsets were investigated in 12 patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-(T0), 1 month after the episode (T1), and in 12 healthy individuals (HG). The cell characterization and the functional studies were performed by flow cytometry and by RT-PCR, after cell sorting. The most important findings at T0 moment, when compared with T1 and HG, were: a decrease in the frequency of IL-2-producing T cells; a lower frequency of TNF-α- and IL-6-producing monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells, and CD14(-/low)CD16(+)DCs; and a lower TNF-α mRNA expression, after sorting these cells. Moreover, the regulatory function of Treg cells, at T0 moment, was upregulated, based on the FoxP3, CTLA-4, and TGF-β mRNA expression increase. The majority of these phenotypic and functional alterations disappeared at T1. Our data demonstrate that AMI induces a significant change in the immune system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Carvalheiro
- Histocompatibility Centre of Coimbra, Edifício São Jerónimo, 4° Piso, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3001-301 Coimbra, Portugal
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Cardioprotective effects of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 on hypoxic injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and myocardium in a rat myocardial infarct model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:101-7. [PMID: 22232248 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) is involved in numerous cellular responses. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of PDK1 gene expression against hypoxic conditions in cultured rat CMCs (rCMCs) and in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model using the lentiviral vector (LeV) system. LeV-PDK1 transfer effectively reduced the apoptotic cell death caused by hypoxic injury as compared to LeV-GFP transfer in rCMCs the expression of survival proteins increased in the LeV-PDK1 group, whereas apoptosis signaling decreased in the rCMCs and in infarcted hearts treated with LeV-PDK1. LeV-PDK1 transfer also reduced apoptosis and infarct size and attenuated myocardial wall thinning and ventricular remodeling in a rat MI model. These findings suggest that PDK1 has a protective role in the injured ischemic myocardium via overexpression of the cell survival pathway in CMCs. Hence PDK1 can be used as a treatment strategy for myocardial salvage inin hypoxic injury.
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Zhao W, Zhao T, Huang V, Chen Y, Ahokas RA, Sun Y. Platelet-derived growth factor involvement in myocardial remodeling following infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:830-8. [PMID: 21767547 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling occurs in the infarcted heart (MI). The underlying regulatory mechanisms are under investigation. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a family of growth factors that stimulates cell growth, differentiation and migration. Herein, we sought to determine whether PDGF is involved in cardiac repair/remodeling following MI. The temporal and spatial expressions of PDGF isoforms (A, B, C and D) and PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-α and β as well as cell types expressing PDGF were examined in the infarcted rat heart. Sham-operated rats served as controls. We found that the normal myocardium expressed all PDGF isoforms, and cell types expressing PDGF were primarily interstitial cells. Following MI, PDGF-A and D were significantly increased in the infarcted myocardium during 6 weeks of the observation period and cells expressing PDGF-A and D were primarily endothelial cells, macrophages and myofibroblasts (myoFb). PDGF-B and C expressions were, however, reduced in the infarcted heart. In the noninfarcted myocardium, PDGF-D expression was increased in the late stage of MI and cells expressing PDGF-D were predominantly fibroblasts. Both PDGFR-α and β were significantly increased in the infarcted myocardium in the early and late stages of MI and in the noninfarcted myocardium in the late stage of MI. Enhanced PDGF-A, PDGF-D and PDGFR are coincident with angiogenesis, and inflammatory and fibrogenic responses in the infarcted myocardium, suggesting their regulation on cardiac repair. Elevated PDGF-D in the noninfarcted myocardium suggests its involvement in the development of interstitial fibrosis that appears in the late stage of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Zhang Y, Sun Q, He B, Xiao J, Wang Z, Sun X. Anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Int J Cardiol 2011; 148:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yang Z, Wu Y, Zhang H, Jin P, Wang W, Hou J, Wei Y, Hu S. Low-level laser irradiation alters cardiac cytokine expression following acute myocardial infarction: a potential mechanism for laser therapy. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29:391-8. [PMID: 21348574 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2010.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) has the potential of exerting cardioprotective effect following myocardial infarction (MI). The authors hypothesized that LLLI could influence the expression of cardiac cytokines and contribute to the reversal of ventricular remodeling. BACKGROUND LLLI regulates the expression of cytokines after tissue damage. However, little is known concerning the alteration of the cardiac cytokine expression profile after LLLI. METHODS MI was created by coronary ligation. The surviving rats were divided randomly into laser and control groups. 33 rats were exposed to a diode laser (635 nm, 5 mW, CW, laser, beam spot size 0.8 cm(2), 6 mW/cm(2), 150 sec, 0.8 J, 1J/cm(2)) as laser group. Another 33 rats received only coronary ligation and served as control group. 28 rats received a thoracotomy without coronary ligation (sham group). One day after laser irradiation, 5 rats from each group were sacrificed and the heart tissues were analyzed by cytokine antibody arrays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to confirm its reliability. Two weeks after MI, cardiac function and structure were evaluated by echocardiography and histological study. RESULTS Cytokine antibody array indicated 4 cytokines were significantly changed after laser therapy. ELISA confirmed that granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and fractalkine were the cytokines involved in the response to therapeutic laser irradiation. However, there was no difference in cytokine release between various groups at 2 weeks after MI. Although LLLI did not improve the damaged heart function, it did reduce the infarct area expansion. CONCLUSIONS The antibody-based protein array technology was applied for screening the cytokine expression profile following MI, with or without laser irradiation. The expression of multiple cytokines was regulated in the acute phase after LLLI. Our results revealed a potential novel mechanism for applying laser therapy to the treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Yang
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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