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Pirri C, Fede C, Petrelli L, De Rose E, Biz C, Guidolin D, De Caro R, Stecco C. Immediate Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Fascial Fibroblasts: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071732. [PMID: 35885037 PMCID: PMC9312511 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs) are used in the treatment of soft tissue injuries, but their role in the treatment of myofascial pain has not yet been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in cell biology of fibroblasts derived from deep/muscular fascia following treatment with ESWs. Primary fascial fibroblasts were collected from small samples of human fascia lata of the thigh of three volunteer patients (two men, one woman) during orthopedic surgery, and put in culture. These cells were exposed to 100 impulses of 0.05 mJ/mm2 with a frequency of 2.5 Hz, using 3D-printed support. This study demonstrated for the first time that ESWs can lead to in vitro production of hyaluronan-rich vesicles immediately after the treatment. At 1, 4, and 24 h after treatment, Alcian blue and Toluidine blue staining; immunocytochemistry to detect hyaluronic acid binding protein (HABP), collagen I, and collagen III; and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that these vesicles are rich in hyaluronan and collagen I and III. The diameter of these vesicles was assessed, highlighting a small size at 1 h after ESW treatment, whereas at 4 and 24 h, they had an increase in the size. Particularly evident was the release of hyaluronan-rich vesicles, collagen-I, and collagen-III starting at 1 h, with an increase at 4 h and maintenance by 24 h. These in vitro data indicate that fascial cells respond to ESW treatment by regulating and remodeling the formation of extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Pirri
- Institute of Humana Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (E.D.R.); (D.G.); (R.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Caterina Fede
- Institute of Humana Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (E.D.R.); (D.G.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Lucia Petrelli
- Institute of Humana Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (E.D.R.); (D.G.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Enrico De Rose
- Institute of Humana Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (E.D.R.); (D.G.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Carlo Biz
- Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Institute of Humana Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (E.D.R.); (D.G.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Institute of Humana Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (E.D.R.); (D.G.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Carla Stecco
- Institute of Humana Anatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.); (E.D.R.); (D.G.); (R.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (C.S.)
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Chen F, Li W, Zhang D, Fu Y, Yuan W, Luo G, Liu F, Luo J. MALAT1 regulates hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes by modulating the miR-181a/HMGB2 pathway. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 35726535 PMCID: PMC9251611 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs are important for the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. The function of MALAT1 (a long noncoding mRNA), miR-181a, and HMGB2, their contribution to cardiac hypertrophy, and the regulatory relationship between them during this process remain unknown. In the present study, we treated primary cardiomyocytes with angiotensin II (Ang II) to mimic cardiac hypertrophy. MALAT1 expression was significantly downregulated in Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes compared with control cardiomyocytes. Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy was suppressed by overexpression of MALAT1 and promoted by genetic knockdown of MALAT1. A dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that MALAT1 acted as a sponge for miR-181a and inhibited its expression during cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy was suppressed by overexpression of an miR-181a inhibitor and enhanced by overexpression of an miR-181a mimic. HMGB2 was downregulated during cardiac hypertrophy and was identified as a target of miR-181a by bioinformatics analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter assay. miR-181a overexpression decreased the mRNA and protein levels of HMGB2. Rescue experiments indicated that MALAT1 overexpression reversed the effect of miR-181a on HMGB2 expression. In summary, the results of the present study show that MALAT1 acts as a sponge for miR-181a and thereby regulates expression of HMGB2 and development of cardiac hypertrophy. The novel MALAT1/miR-181a/HMGB2 axis might play a crucial role in cardiac hypertrophy and serve as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong; Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi .
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong; Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi .
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi.
| | - Youlin Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi.
| | - Wenjin Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi.
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi.
| | - Fuwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi.
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi.
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Cannabinoid and endocannabinoid system: a promising therapeutic intervention for multiple sclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5117-5131. [PMID: 35182322 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and complex neurodegenerative disease, distinguished by the presence of lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) due to exacerbated immunological responses that inflict oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheath of axons. In recent years, studies have focused on targeted therapeutics for MS that emphasize the role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), specifically cannabinoids receptors. Clinical studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids derived from Cannabis sativa in relieving pain, tremors and spasticity. Cannabinoids also appear to prevent exaggerated immune responses in CNS due to compromised blood-brain barrier. Both, endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulators and cannabinoid ligands actively promote oligodendrocyte survival by regulating signaling, migration and myelination of nerve cells. The cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) of ECS are the main ones in focus for therapeutic intervention of MS. Various CB1/CB2 receptors agonists have been experimentally studied which showed anti-inflammatory properties and are considered to be effective as potential therapeutics for MS. In this review, we focused on the exacerbated immune attack on nerve cells and the role of the cannabinoids and its interaction with the ECS in CNS during MS pathology.
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O’Brien K. Cannabidiol (CBD) in Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040885. [PMID: 35205633 PMCID: PMC8869992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main constituents of the plant Cannabis sativa. Surveys suggest that medicinal cannabis is popular amongst people diagnosed with cancer. CBD is one of the key constituents of cannabis, and does not have the potentially intoxicating effects that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the other key phytocannabinoid has. Research indicates the CBD may have potential for the treatment of cancer, including the symptoms and signs associated with cancer and its treatment. Preclinical research suggests CBD may address many of the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. Preclinical and clinical research also suggests some evidence of efficacy, alone or in some cases in conjunction with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the other key phytocannabinoid in cannabis), in treating cancer-associated pain, anxiety and depression, sleep problems, nausea and vomiting, and oral mucositis that are associated with cancer and/or its treatment. Studies also suggest that CBD may enhance orthodox treatments with chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy and protect against neural and organ damage. CBD shows promise as part of an integrative approach to the management of cancer. Abstract The plant Cannabis sativa has been in use medicinally for several thousand years. It has over 540 metabolites thought to be responsible for its therapeutic effects. Two of the key phytocannabinoids are cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Unlike THC, CBD does not have potentially intoxicating effects. Preclinical and clinical research indicates that CBD has a wide range of therapeutic effects, and many of them are relevant to the management of cancer. In this article, we explore some of the potential mechanisms of action of CBD in cancer, and evidence of its efficacy in the integrative management of cancer including the side effects associated with its treatment, demonstrating its potential for integration with orthodox cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie O’Brien
- Adelaide Campus, Torrens University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- NICM Health Research Centre, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Releaf Group Ltd., St Kilda, VIC 3182, Australia
- International College of Cannabinoid Medicine, iccm.co, London N1 7GU, UK
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Roch M, Gaudreault N, Cyr MP, Venne G, Bureau NJ, Morin M. The Female Pelvic Floor Fascia Anatomy: A Systematic Search and Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090900. [PMID: 34575049 PMCID: PMC8467746 DOI: 10.3390/life11090900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The female pelvis is a complex anatomical region comprising the pelvic organs, muscles, neurovascular supplies, and fasciae. The anatomy of the pelvic floor and its fascial components are currently poorly described and misunderstood. This systematic search and review aimed to explore and summarize the current state of knowledge on the fascial anatomy of the pelvic floor in women. Methods: A systematic search was performed using Medline and Scopus databases. A synthesis of the findings with a critical appraisal was subsequently carried out. The risk of bias was assessed with the Anatomical Quality Assurance Tool. Results: A total of 39 articles, involving 1192 women, were included in the review. Although the perineal membrane, tendinous arch of pelvic fascia, pubourethral ligaments, rectovaginal fascia, and perineal body were the most frequently described structures, uncertainties were identified in micro- and macro-anatomy. The risk of bias was scored as low in 16 studies (41%), unclear in 3 studies (8%), and high in 20 studies (51%). Conclusions: This review provides the best available evidence on the female anatomy of the pelvic floor fasciae. Future studies should be conducted to clarify the discrepancies highlighted and accurately describe the pelvic floor fasciae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Roch
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.R.); (N.G.); (M.-P.C.)
| | - Nathaly Gaudreault
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.R.); (N.G.); (M.-P.C.)
| | - Marie-Pierre Cyr
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.R.); (N.G.); (M.-P.C.)
| | - Gabriel Venne
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada;
| | - Nathalie J. Bureau
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology, Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Mélanie Morin
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (M.R.); (N.G.); (M.-P.C.)
- Correspondence:
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A Closer Look at the Cellular and Molecular Components of the Deep/Muscular Fasciae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031411. [PMID: 33573365 PMCID: PMC7866861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fascia can be defined as a dynamic highly complex connective tissue network composed of different types of cells embedded in the extracellular matrix and nervous fibers: each component plays a specific role in the fascial system changing and responding to stimuli in different ways. This review intends to discuss the various components of the fascia and their specific roles; this will be carried out in the effort to shed light on the mechanisms by which they affect the entire network and all body systems. A clear understanding of fascial anatomy from a microscopic viewpoint can further elucidate its physiological and pathological characteristics and facilitate the identification of appropriate treatment strategies.
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Haspula D, Clark MA. Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7693. [PMID: 33080916 PMCID: PMC7590033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the human cannabinoid receptors and their roles in health and disease, has been one of the most significant biochemical and pharmacological advancements to have occurred in the past few decades. In spite of the major strides made in furthering endocannabinoid research, therapeutic exploitation of the endocannabinoid system has often been a challenging task. An impaired endocannabinoid tone often manifests as changes in expression and/or functions of type 1 and/or type 2 cannabinoid receptors. It becomes important to understand how alterations in cannabinoid receptor cellular signaling can lead to disruptions in major physiological and biological functions, as they are often associated with the pathogenesis of several neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This review focusses mostly on the pathophysiological roles of type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors, and it attempts to integrate both cellular and physiological functions of the cannabinoid receptors. Apart from an updated review of pre-clinical and clinical studies, the adequacy/inadequacy of cannabinoid-based therapeutics in various pathological conditions is also highlighted. Finally, alternative strategies to modulate endocannabinoid tone, and future directions are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Michelle A. Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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Raja G P, Fernandes S, Cruz AM, Prabhu A. The plausible role of Deep Cervical Fascia and its continuum in chronic craniofacial and Cervicobrachial Pain: A case report. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04560. [PMID: 32760842 PMCID: PMC7393392 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The painful conditions of the Upper quarter region (UQR) such as chronic Craniofacial Pain (CFP) and Cervicobrachial Pain (CBP) usually occur with a plethora of symptoms. Although biological and psychosocial factors are attributed to such conditions, the involvement of the Deep Cervical Fascia (DCF) is ambiguous and needs further exploration. Objective We reported a case of CFP and CBP with an intent to showcase the possible involvement of impaired DCF in such presentations and to explore the short-term effect of Fascia directed approach (Fascial Manipulation). Methods This is a report of a 25-year-old female college student with chronic head, temporomandibular, neck, and arm pain over the past four years with acute pain exacerbation. After identifying the densified Centre of Coordination points along the myofascial continuum of the DCF, Fascial Manipulation (FM) was performed by deep manual friction. The patient-reported outcomes such as the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Temporomandibular disability index (TMDI), and Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) were assessed. Results Following FM treatment, there is a reduction in pain and improved function between the baseline and follow up evaluation after one week based on all the outcomes (NPRS, PSFS, and TMDI). Conclusion This case report highlights the possible role of dysfunction of the DCF and the importance of assessing myofascial chains in patients with pain in the UQR. The report has also shown that FM may be beneficial and can be considered an adjunct in the rehabilitation of chronic CFP and CBP. Nevertheless, future studies with multiple sessions and follow-ups are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabu Raja G
- Interdisciplinary Center for Craniofacial and Orofacial Pain Research, Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shifra Fernandes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Craniofacial and Orofacial Pain Research, Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Antony Marie Cruz
- School of Communication, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupama Prabhu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Buscemi A, Martino S, Scirè Campisi S, Rapisarda A, Coco M. Endocannabinoids release after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment. A brief review. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:1-7. [PMID: 32554836 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since 70's, scientific research has analyzed how many acute and chronic issues can affect body systems. In case of depression, chronic pain and overtraining, centrals and peripherals systems act to manage and maintain body adaptations. The aim of this study is to evaluate if the osteopathic treatment can increase the release of Cannabinoid receptor (CB) and promote the linkage with their receptors. CONTENT Documents research is based on PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used were "osteopathic treatment", "manual therapy", "endocannabinoid", "beta endorphin (BE)", and " CB1" "massage". From 70 articles collected (published in the last 10 years) 52 were excluded as non-relevant to the study aim. SUMMARY The Key points have been the similar results found by different authors during different treatment periods and with different doses. From 22 articles examined, 13 have established positive effects on CB increasing post osteopathic treatment, three articles have indicated the most targeted tissues in which the substances are most expressed, two articles indicate how physical activities produce antalgic effects by increasing CB's values. OUTLOOK As a result of this review, osteopathic manipulation treatment seems to be a valid and effective instrument for the treatment of a series of pathologies such as chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia, spinal cord lesions, myofascial graft point, migraine, GI tract dysfunctions, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Buscemi
- Department of Research, Center Studies of Osteopathy, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Martino
- Department of Research, Center Studies of Osteopathy, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Marinella Coco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania and Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 89, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Sensitivity of the Fasciae to the Endocannabinoid System: Production of Hyaluronan-Rich Vesicles and Potential Peripheral Effects of Cannabinoids in Fascial Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082936. [PMID: 32331297 PMCID: PMC7216169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The demonstrated expression of endocannabinoid receptors in myofascial tissue suggested the role of fascia as a source and modulator of pain. Fibroblasts can modulate the production of the various components of the extracellular matrix, according to type of stimuli: physical, mechanical, hormonal, and pharmacological. In this work, fascial fibroblasts were isolated from small samples of human fascia lata of the thigh, collected from three volunteer patients (two men, one woman) during orthopedic surgery. This text demonstrates for the first time that the agonist of cannabinoid receptor 2, HU-308, can lead to in vitro production of hyaluronan-rich vesicles only 3–4 h after treatment, being rapidly released into the extracellular environment. We demonstrated that these vesicles are rich in hyaluronan after Alcian blue and Toluidine blue stainings, immunocytochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, incubation with the antagonist AM630 blocked vesicles production by cells, confirming that release of hyaluronan is a cannabinoid-mediated effect. These results may show how fascial cells respond to the endocannabinoid system by regulating and remodeling the formation of the extracellular matrix. This is a first step in our understanding of how therapeutic applications of cannabinoids to treat pain may also have a peripheral effect, altering the biosynthesis of the extracellular matrix in fasciae and, consequently, remodeling the tissue and its properties.
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Carraro U. Thirty years of translational research in Mobility Medicine: Collection of abstracts of the 2020 Padua Muscle Days. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:8826. [PMID: 32499887 PMCID: PMC7254447 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half a century of skeletal muscle research is continuing at Padua University (Italy) under the auspices of the Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM) and recently also with the support of the A&CM-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy. The Volume 30(1), 2020 of the EJTM opens with the collection of abstracts for the conference "2020 Padua Muscle Days: Mobility Medicine 30 years of Translational Research". This is an international conference that will be held between March 18-21, 2020 in Euganei Hills and Padova in Italy. The abstracts are excellent examples of translational research and of the multidimensional approaches that are needed to classify and manage (in both the acute and chronic phases) diseases of Mobility that span from neurologic, metabolic and traumatic syndromes to the biological process of aging. One of the typical aim of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is indeed to reduce pain and increase mobility enough to enable impaired persons to walk freely, garden, and drive again. The excellent contents of this Collection of Abstracts reflect the high scientific caliber of researchers and clinicians who are eager to present their results at the PaduaMuscleDays. A series of EJTM Communications will also add to this preliminary evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
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Ehrenkranz J, Levine MA. Bones and Joints: The Effects of Cannabinoids on the Skeleton. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4683-4694. [PMID: 31393556 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The endocannabinoid system uses tissue-specific lipid ligands and G protein‒coupled transmembrane receptors to regulate neurologic, metabolic, and immune responses. Recent studies demonstrate that the endocannabinoid system influences bone metabolism. With the increasing use of endocannabinoid mimetics (e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol), the involvement of endocannabinoids in bone growth and remodeling has become clinically relevant. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This literature review is based on a search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases as of June 2019 for all English-language publications relating to cannabinoids and bone. We evaluated retrieved articles for relevance, experimental design, data acquisition, statistical analysis, and conclusions. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Preclinical studies establish a role for endocannabinoids in bone metabolism. These studies yield complex and often contradictory results attributed to differences in the specific experimental model examined. Studies using human cells or subjects are limited. CONCLUSIONS In vitro and animal models document that endocannabinoids are involved in bone biology. The relevance of these observations to humans is not clear. The increasing long-term use of medical and recreational cannabis underscores the need to better understand the role of endocannabinoids in human bone metabolism. Moreover, it is important to evaluate the role of endocannabinoids as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat disorders associated with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Ehrenkranz
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael A Levine
- Center for Bone Health and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Fede C, Pirri C, Fan C, Albertin G, Porzionato A, Macchi V, De Caro R, Stecco C. Sensitivity of the fasciae to sex hormone levels: Modulation of collagen-I, collagen-III and fibrillin production. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223195. [PMID: 31557257 PMCID: PMC6762168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is now recognized that women suffer from myofascial pain to a greater extent than men, and that the muscular fasciae can respond to hormonal stimuli, thanks to the expression of sex hormone receptors, how the fasciae can modify their structure under hormonal stimulation is not clear. In this work, an immunocytochemical analysis of collagen-I, collagen-III and fibrillin were carried out on fibroblasts isolated from human fascia lata after in vitro treatment with various levels of sex hormones β-estradiol and/or relaxin-1, according to the phases of a woman's period (follicular, periovulatory, luteal, post-menopausal phases and pregnancy). This study demonstrates for the first time that fascial cells can modulate the production of some components of the extracellular matrix according to hormone levels, when treated with β-estradiol: collagen-I falls from 6% of positivity in the follicular phase to 1.9 in the periovulatory phase. However, after the addition of relaxin-1 to the cell culture, the production of extracellular matrix decreased and remained at the same level (1.7% of collagen-I, at both follicular and periovulatory levels of hormones). These results confirm the antifibrotic function of relaxin-1, thanks to its ability to reduce matrix synthesis. They are also a first step in our understanding of how some hormonal dysfunctions in women can cause a dysregulation of extracellular matrix production in fasciae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Fede
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carmelo Pirri
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy
| | - Chenglei Fan
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Albertin
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Stecco
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Pellicciari C. Histochemistry as a versatile research toolkit in biological research, not only an applied discipline in pathology. Eur J Histochem 2018; 62. [PMID: 30572698 PMCID: PMC6317132 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2018.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impressive progress of histochemistry over the last 50 years has led to setting up specific and sensitive techniques to describe dynamic events, through the detection of specific molecules in the very place where they exist in live cells. The scientific field where histochemistry has most largely been applied is histopathology, with the aim to identify disease-specific molecular markers or to elucidate the etiopathological mechanisms. Numerous authors did however apply histochemistry to a variety of other research fields; their interests range from the microanatomy of animal and plant organisms to the cellular mechanisms of life. This is especially apparent browsing the contents of the histochemical journals where the articles on subjects other than pathology are the majority; these journals still keep a pivotal role in the field of cell and tissue biology, while being a forum for a diverse range of biologists whose scientific interests expand the research horizon of histochemistry to ever novel subjects. Thus, histochemistry can always receive inspiring stimuli toward a continuous methodological refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pellicciari
- University of Pavia, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani".
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15
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Yuan XC, Wang Q, Su W, Li HP, Wu CH, Gao F, Xiang HC, Zhu H, Lin LX, Hu XF, Cao J, Li JJ, Li M. Electroacupuncture potentiates peripheral CB2 receptor-inhibited chronic pain in a mouse model of knee osteoarthritis. J Pain Res 2018; 11:2797-2808. [PMID: 30510442 PMCID: PMC6231462 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s171664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a highly prevalent, chronic joint disorder, with chronic pain as its typical symptom. Although studies have shown that an activated peripheral CB2 receptor can reduce acute pain, whether the CB2 receptor is involved in electroacupuncture (EA) inhibiting chronic pain and the involved mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether EA may strengthen peripheral CB2 receptor-inhibited chronic pain in a mouse model of KOA. Materials and methods: KOA was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the left knee joint of mice. Thermal hyperalgesia was tested with the hot plate test, and mechanical allodynia was quantified using von Frey filaments. The expression of CB2 receptor and IL-1β were quantified by using immunofluorescence labeling. Results EA treatment at 2 Hz+1 mA significantly increased the expression of CB2 receptor in fibroblasts and decreased the expression of IL-1β in the menisci compared with that in the KOA group. However, EA had no effect on the expression of IL-1β in CB2−/− mice. At 2 Hz+1 mA, EA significantly increased mechanical threshold, thermal latency, and weight borne after KOA modeling. However, knockout of the CB2 receptor blocked these effects of EA. After 2 Hz+1 mA treatment, EA significantly reduced the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score after KOA modeling. However, EA had no significant effect on the OARSI score in CB2−/− mice. Conclusion EA reduced the expression of IL-1β by activating the CB2 receptor, thus inhibiting the chronic pain in the mouse model of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, The Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Acupuncture, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, The Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Cai-Hua Wu
- Department of Acupuncture, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, The Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Hong-Chun Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, The Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, The Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Li-Xue Lin
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, The Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xue-Fei Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, The Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, The Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Ministry of Education, The Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China, ;
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Bordoni B, Marelli F, Morabito B, Castagna R. Chest pain in patients with COPD: the fascia's subtle silence. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:1157-1165. [PMID: 29695899 PMCID: PMC5903840 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s156729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is a progressive condition that leads to a pathological degeneration of the respiratory system. It represents one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in the world, and it is characterized by the presence of many associated comorbidities. Recent studies emphasize the thoracic area as one of the areas of the body concerned by the presence of pain with percentages between 22% and 54% in patients with COPD. This article analyzes the possible causes of mediastinal pain, including those less frequently taken into consideration, which concern the role of the fascial system of the mediastinum. The latter can be a source of pain especially when a chronic pathology is altering the structure of the connective tissue. We conclude that to consider the fascia in daily clinical activity may improve the therapeutic approach toward the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi IRCCS, Department of Cardiology, Institute of Hospitalization and Care with Scientific Address, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiola Marelli
- CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Gorla Minore, Italy
- CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Fano, Italy
| | - Bruno Morabito
- CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Gorla Minore, Italy
- CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Fano, Italy
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Castagna
- CRESO, School of Osteopathic Centre for Research and Studies, Gorla Minore, Italy
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Freundt-Revilla J, Kegler K, Baumgärtner W, Tipold A. Spatial distribution of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) in normal canine central and peripheral nervous system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181064. [PMID: 28700706 PMCID: PMC5507289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is a regulatory pathway consisting of two main types of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids. The CB1 receptor is highly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems (PNS) in mammalians and is involved in neuromodulatory functions. Since endocannabinoids were shown to be elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of epileptic dogs, knowledge about the species specific CB receptor expression in the nervous system is required. Therefore, we assessed the spatial distribution of CB1 receptors in the normal canine CNS and PNS. Immunohistochemistry of several regions of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves from a healthy four-week-old puppy, three six-month-old dogs, and one ten-year-old dog revealed strong dot-like immunoreactivity in the neuropil of the cerebral cortex, Cornu Ammonis (CA) and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, midbrain, cerebellum, medulla oblongata and grey matter of the spinal cord. Dense CB1 expression was found in fibres of the globus pallidus and substantia nigra surrounding immunonegative neurons. Astrocytes were constantly positive in all examined regions. CB1 labelled neurons and satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglia, and myelinating Schwann cells in the PNS. These results demonstrate for the first time the spatial distribution of CB1 receptors in the healthy canine CNS and PNS. These results can be used as a basis for further studies aiming to elucidate the physiological consequences of this particular anatomical and cellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Freundt-Revilla
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristel Kegler
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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Dall'Aglio C, Polisca A, Cappai MG, Mercati F, Troisi A, Pirino C, Scocco P, Maranesi M. Immunohistochemistry detected and localized cannabinoid receptor type 2 in bovine fetal pancreas at late gestation. Eur J Histochem 2017; 61:2761. [PMID: 28348424 PMCID: PMC5364978 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2017.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, data on the endocannabinoid system expression and distribution in the pancreatic gland appear scarce and controversial as descriptions are limited to humans and laboratory animals. Since the bovine pancreas is very similar to the human in endocrine portion development and control, studies on the fetal gland could prove to be very interesting, as an abnormal maternal condition during late pregnancy may be a predisposing trigger for adult metabolic disorders. The present investigation studied cannabinoid receptor type 2 presence and distribution in the bovine fetal pancreas towards the end of gestation. Histological analyses revealed numerous endocrinal cell clusters or islets which were distributed among exocrine adenomeri in connectival tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that endocrine-islets contained some CB2-positive cells with a very peculiar localization that is a few primarily localized at the edges of islets and some of them also scattered in the center of the cluster. Characteristically, also the epithelium of the excretory ducts and the smooth muscle layers of the smaller arteries, in the interlobular glandular septa, tested positive for the CB2 endocannabinoid receptor. Consequently, the endocannabinoid system, via the cannabinoid receptor type 2, was hypothesized to play a major role in controlling pancreas function from normal fetal development to correct metabolic functioning in adulthood.
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19
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Pellicciari C. Is there still room for novelty, in histochemical papers? Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2758. [PMID: 28076939 PMCID: PMC5381530 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histochemistry continues to be widely applied in biomedical research, being nowadays mostly addressed to detect and locate single molecules or molecular complexes inside cells and tissues, and to relate structural organization and function at the high resolution of the more advanced microscopical techniques. In the attempt to see whether histochemical novelties may be found in the recent literature, the articles published in the European Journal of Histochemistry in the period 2014-2016 have been reviewed. In the majority of the published papers, standardized methods have been preferred by scientists to make their results reliably comparable with the data in the literature, but several papers (approximately one fourth of the published articles) described novel histochemical methods and procedures. It is worth noting that there is a growing interest for minimally-invasive in vivo techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, autofluorescence spectroscopy), which may parallel conventional histochemical analyses to acquire evidence not only on the morphological features of living organs and tissues, but also on their functional, biophysical and molecular characteristics. Thanks to this unceasing methodological refinement, histochemistry will continue to provide innovative applications in the biomedical field.
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20
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Fede C, Albertin G, Petrelli L, Sfriso MM, Biz C, De Caro R, Stecco C. Hormone receptor expression in human fascial tissue. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2710. [PMID: 28076930 PMCID: PMC5134680 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental findings point to sex differences in myofascial pain in view of the fact that adult women tend to have more myofascial problems with respect to men. It is possible that one of the stimuli to sensitization of fascial nociceptors could come from hormonal factors such as estrogen and relaxin, that are involved in extracellular matrix and collagen remodeling and thus contribute to functions of myofascial tissue. Immunohistochemical and molecular investigations (real-time PCR analysis) of relaxin receptor 1 (RXFP1) and estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) localization were carried out on samples of human fascia collected from 8 volunteers patients during orthopedic surgery (all females, between 42 and 70 yrs, divided into pre- and post-menopausal groups), and in fibroblasts isolated from deep fascia, to examine both protein and RNA expression levels. We can assume that the two sex hormone receptors analyzed are expressed in all the human fascial districts examined and in fascial fibroblasts culture cells, to a lesser degree in the post-menopausal with respect to the pre-menopausal women. Hormone receptor expression was concentrated in the fibroblasts, and RXFP1 was also evident in blood vessels and nerves. Our results are the first demonstrating that the fibroblasts located within different districts of the muscular fasciae express sex hormone receptors and can help to explain the link between hormonal factors and myofascial pain. It is known, in fact, that estrogen and relaxin play a key role in extracellular matrix remodeling by inhibiting fibrosis and inflammatory activities, both important factors affecting fascial stiffness and sensitization of fascial nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fede
- University of Padua, Department of Neuroscience.
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