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Sautner J, Grabner I, Posch A, Duftner C. How to plug the leaky pipeline in clinical rheumatology across Europe-lessons to be learned from experiences in business. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3538-3546. [PMID: 36857573 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While >50% of medical students and residents are women, their proportion drastically diminishes within higher ranks and leadership roles; this is known as the 'leaky pipeline'. We aimed to evaluate the leaky pipeline among rheumatologists across Europe and to assess determinants inducing rheumatologists to leave hospitals. METHODS Experts in the field of economics developed a questionnaire with scientific focus on the leaky pipeline among rheumatologists, which was distributed electronically by national scientific societies of EULAR countries and by individual contacts. We performed common factor analysis, univariate t-tests and multivariate regression analyses to appraise our dataset. RESULTS A total of 311 hospital-based rheumatologists from 23/45 EULAR countries (52.7% females, 47.3% males) answered the questionnaire. The presence of the leaky pipeline was evident for the entire sample. Of 64% female rheumatologists only 34.2% of departments' directors were female, with noteworthy regional differences. Female doctors reported higher intentions to leave their hospital (β = 0.28, P < 0.05) and lower commitment towards their current organization (β = -0.34, P < 0.05) when compared with males. Women reported lower levels of job satisfaction (β = -0.26, P < 0.10), promotion justice (β = -0.55, P < 0.01) and career perspectives (β = -0.26, P < 0.10, one-tailed) than men, explaining their lower organizational commitment. CONCLUSION Female rheumatologists perceive worse job opportunities and satisfaction than males. Many reasons for the leaky pipeline are beyond the control of organizations. Based on our results, organizations should be encouraged to reconsider and adjust their performance management practices to enable an equitable work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sautner
- Department of Medicine II, Lower Austrian Centre for Rheumatology, Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Rheumatology, State Hospital Stockerau, Stockerau, Austria
| | - Isabella Grabner
- Institute for Strategy and Managerial Accounting, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arthur Posch
- Department of Business, Institute of Tourism, Wine Business and Marketing, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
- Institute for Accounting, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christina Duftner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck/Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
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Ohrndorf S, Krusche M, Baraliakos X, Feist E, Gundelach B, Haase I, Hoyer BF, Kiltz U, Koehm M, Voormann AJ, Sewerin P, Mucke J. 'Status Quo' on Different Aspects of Gender Distribution in Rheumatology in Germany-Results from a Nationwide Online Survey among Physicians. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4328. [PMID: 37445363 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the increasing number of female medical students and fellows in Europe, women are still under-represented in higher academic careers and positions in medicine. The aim of this survey was to assess the 'status quo' on gender distribution among rheumatologists in Germany. METHODS A web-based anonymous survey (21 questions with multiple answers and free text) using QuestionPro® was distributed among rheumatologists in Germany via newsletters, social media and personal contact, including questions regarding hierarchical positions and work characteristics. RESULTS Among the total of 170 respondents (72% women, 28% men, 1% diverse), 48% were rheumatologists in training, 35% were trained rheumatologists and 7% were heads of rheumatology departments. Regarding the gender ratio at different hierarchical levels, 74% of respondents reported more men than women in leadership positions. Part-time work was possible in the departments of 86% of respondents, with more women working part-time (56%) compared to men (29%). Most respondents stated their impression that employees working part-time did not have the same career chances as full-time workers in their departments. In total, 66% agreed that activities to improve gender equity are necessary. The highest need was seen in reconciling work and family through, e.g., part-time models, flexible childcare options at work and a higher acceptance of part-time work in leadership positions. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, a gender imbalance is prevalent among rheumatologists in Germany, with lower numbers of women evident at higher hierarchical levels. Traditional role assignments are still represented by a higher proportion of part-time work in women. The establishment of structural changes to achieve better gender equity is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ohrndorf
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Krusche
- Center for Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Medical Faculty, Hamburg University, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Eugen Feist
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, HELIOS Clinic Vogelsang-Gommern, 39245 Gommern, Germany
| | | | - Isabell Haase
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bimba Franziska Hoyer
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Medical Faculty, University Kiel, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Uta Kiltz
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44649 Herne, Germany
| | - Michaela Koehm
- Department of Translational Rheumatology, Immunology-Inflammation Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Julia Voormann
- German Society for Rheumatology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Commission for Gender Equity in Rheumatology, German Society for Rheumatology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Sewerin
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44649 Herne, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Mucke
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Molaro A, Hammond H. Census of Female Public Library Directors Is on the Decline. PUBLIC LIBRARY QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01616846.2022.2125241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Molaro
- Information Management Department, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Heidi Hammond
- Information Management Department, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Conigliaro P, Bosello SL, Iannuccelli C, Gremese E, Spinelli FR, Vadacca M, Chimenti MS. Correspondence to 'Gender gap in rheumatology: speaker representation at annual conferences' by Monga and Liew-gender discrepancies at annual EULAR congresses: towards the gap narrowing. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:e169. [PMID: 32753419 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Conigliaro
- Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Laura Bosello
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Iannuccelli
- Department of "Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari" - Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Department of "Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari" - Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Vadacca
- Unit of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Department of "Medicina dei Sistemi", Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Ovseiko PV, Gossec L, Andreoli L, Kiltz U, van Mens L, Hassan N, van der Leeden M, Siddle HJ, Alunno A, McInnes IB, Damjanov NS, Apparailly F, Ospelt C, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Nikiphorou E, Druce KL, Szekanecz Z, Sepriano A, Avcin T, Bertsias G, Schett G, Keenan AM, Pololi LH, Coates LC. Gender equity in academic rheumatology, current status and potential for improvement: a cross-sectional study to inform an EULAR task force. RMD Open 2022; 8:rmdopen-2022-002518. [PMID: 35940824 PMCID: PMC9367178 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence on the current status of gender equity in academic rheumatology in Europe and potential for its improvement is limited. The EULAR convened a task force to obtain empirical evidence on the potential unmet need for support of female rheumatologists, health professionals and non-clinical scientists in academic rheumatology. METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised three web-based surveys conducted in 2020 among: (1) EULAR scientific member society leaders, (2) EULAR and Emerging EULAR Network (EMEUNET) members and (3) EULAR Council members. Statistics were descriptive with significance testing for male/female responses assessed by χ2 test and t-test. RESULTS Data from EULAR scientific member societies in 13 countries indicated that there were disproportionately fewer women in academic rheumatology than in clinical rheumatology, and they tended to be under-represented in senior academic roles. From 324 responses of EULAR and EMEUNET members (24 countries), we detected no gender differences in leadership aspirations, self-efficacy in career advancement and work-life integration as well as the share of time spent on research, but there were gender differences in working hours and the levels of perceived gender discrimination and sexual harassment. There were gender differences in the ranking of 7 of 26 factors impacting career advancement and of 8 of 24 potential interventions to aid career advancement. CONCLUSIONS There are gender differences in career advancement in academic rheumatology. The study informs a EULAR task force developing a framework of potential interventions to accelerate gender-equitable career advancement in academic rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Ovseiko
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Laure Gossec
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, INSERM, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France.,Rheumatology Department, APHP.Sorbonne Universite, Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Laura Andreoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Uta Kiltz
- Department of Rheumatology, Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Leonieke van Mens
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neelam Hassan
- Department of Rheumatology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.,Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marike van der Leeden
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Reade Centre for Rehabilitation and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi J Siddle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Alessia Alunno
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nemanja S Damjanov
- University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Medigroup Hospital, Rheumatology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Caroline Ospelt
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Elena Nikiphorou
- Rheumatology Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK.,Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie L Druce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexandre Sepriano
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tadej Avcin
- Department of Allergology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - George Bertsias
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georg Schett
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne-Maree Keenan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK
| | - Linda H Pololi
- National Initiative on Gender, Culture and Leadership in Medicine: C-Change, Women's Studies Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura C Coates
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK .,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Participación femenina en los comités editoriales de revistas médicas en Latinoamérica. BIOMÉDICA 2022; 42:355-363. [PMID: 35867927 PMCID: PMC9451002 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. La participación femenina en el campo de la medicina y la investigación se ha incrementado en los últimos años; sin embargo, aún existen inequidades en la proporción de hombres y mujeres, especialmente en los cargos directivos y la participación en los comités editoriales de revistas científicas. Objetivo. Establecer la participación femenina en los comités editoriales de revistas médicas en Latinoamérica, y explorar su asociación con los cargos editoriales y los indicadores de impacto. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de tipo bibliométrico de revistas médicas de Latinoamérica indizadas en Scopus, actualizadas y vigentes en el 2020, las cuales se seleccionaron del portal de Scimago Journal & Country Rank. Los equipos editoriales se categorizaron en tres grupos según sus funciones y, posteriormente, se registró el sexo de sus miembros a partir de sus nombres. Resultados. Se incluyeron 113 revistas. En cuanto al liderazgo editorial, entre los 264 directores de comités editoriales, las mujeres representaban el 12,9 %. En lo concerniente a las diferentes funciones, de 1.449 miembros, las mujeres eran el 28,9 %, en tanto que, de los 4.575 miembros de comités consultivos, el 19,0 % correspondía a mujeres. Se observó una mayor presencia de mujeres en los comités editoriales de revistas de Chile, Brasil y Venezuela, y en las especialidades de salud pública, pediatría y anestesiología. Conclusiones. La participación femenina en los comités editoriales de revistas médicas de Latinoamérica es escasa.
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Hassan N, van Mens LJ, Kiltz U, Andreoli L, Delgado-Beltran C, Ovseiko PV, Gossec L, Coates LC. Gender equity in academic rheumatology: is there a gender gap at European rheumatology conferences? RMD Open 2022; 8:e002131. [PMID: 35246471 PMCID: PMC8900061 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain an overview of gender equity at European rheumatology conferences. METHODS The proportion of women invited as either moderators or speakers to the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) annual congresses and national conferences in Europe was calculated from the published congress materials from EULAR annual congresses (2015-2019) and the 2019 national conferences of France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK. Data from EULAR congresses were further categorised by type of session. Significance testing was conducted using χ2 tests with the level of statistical significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS The proportion of combined women moderators and speakers at EULAR varied from 40% to 43% between 2015 and 2019 with no obvious trend over time. There were higher proportions of women in the Health Professionals in Rheumatology and People with Arthritis and Rheumatism sessions (>50% consistently). However, these sessions represent <25% of EULAR congress invitations. Representation of women at the EULAR congress in 2019 (39.6%) was significantly higher than at the national congresses in France (28.6%) and Germany (29.6%) but similar to that observed in Italy (33.7%), Spain (41.7%) and the UK (42%). CONCLUSION Women account for less than half of invited moderators and speakers at the conferences reviewed. Compared with historical EULAR data in 2003 (16%) and in 2004 (19%), the gender gap at EULAR congresses has narrowed considerably, but there remains a need to monitor and improve women's representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Hassan
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Leonieke Jj van Mens
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uta Kiltz
- Rheumatology, Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Laura Andreoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Pavel V Ovseiko
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Laure Gossec
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, INSERM, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
- APHP, Rheumatology Department, Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Laura C Coates
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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