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Tang W, Wei Q. The metabolic pathway regulation in kidney injury and repair. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1344271. [PMID: 38283280 PMCID: PMC10811252 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1344271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury and repair are accompanied by significant disruptions in metabolic pathways, leading to renal cell dysfunction and further contributing to the progression of renal pathology. This review outlines the complex involvement of various energy production pathways in glucose, lipid, amino acid, and ketone body metabolism within the kidney. We provide a comprehensive summary of the aberrant regulation of these metabolic pathways in kidney injury and repair. After acute kidney injury (AKI), there is notable mitochondrial damage and oxygen/nutrient deprivation, leading to reduced activity in glycolysis and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Additionally, disruptions occur in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), amino acid metabolism, and the supply of ketone bodies. The subsequent kidney repair phase is characterized by a metabolic shift toward glycolysis, along with decreased fatty acid β-oxidation and continued disturbances in amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the impact of metabolism dysfunction on renal cell injury, regeneration, and the development of renal fibrosis is analyzed. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic strategies by targeting renal metabolic regulation to ameliorate kidney injury and fibrosis and promote kidney repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Tang
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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2
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Aneja A, Sharma A, Goswami JN, Shaw SC. Hepatitis A-induced acute liver failure with glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency induced hemolysis and renal failure. Med J Armed Forces India 2023; 79:S343-S347. [PMID: 38144662 PMCID: PMC10746826 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A is the most prevalent viral hepatitis in India and rarely can lead to life-threatening complications such as acute liver failure (ALF). Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency in the world, and in the setting of acute viral hepatitis, it can cause massive intravascular hemolysis, resulting in acute kidney injury. Here, we report a case of a 12-year-old male child who had hepatitis A-associated ALF, which was complicated by massive hemolysis due to underlying G6PD deficiency, manifesting as acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy with other supportive management. He had a prolonged, protracted stormy clinical course, which was further complicated by dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and nosocomial sepsis, which improved over 4 weeks. Our case highlights the importance of having high index of clinical suspicion for G6PD deficiency in a child with acute viral hepatitis with complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Aneja
- Classified Specialist (Paediatrics) & Paediatric Gastroenterologist, Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi Cantt, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Classified Specialist (Paediatrics) & Paediatric Nephrologist, Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi Cantt, India
| | | | - Subhash Chandra Shaw
- Senior Advisor (Paediatrics) & Neonatologist, Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi Cantt, India
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Safaei-Asl A, Emami S, Baghersalimi A, Darbandi B, Rad AH, Badeli H. Normal saline, the known but least-examined fluid therapy method for preventing heme-induced nephropathy in children with glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:549-555. [PMID: 35507141 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans. Randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy of different types of fluid therapy for prevention of acute kidney injury (AKI) following hemolysis in patients with G6PDd are lacking. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of three different types of fluid administration, isotonic saline with or without acetazolamide versus bicarbonate solution in prevention of AKI among children with acute hemolysis due to G6PDd. METHODS In this double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 120 infants and children with acute hemolysis due to G6PDd were randomly divided into three groups consisting of 40 participants in each group. Group A received normal saline. Group B received normal saline plus oral acetazolamide at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day, and group C received half saline plus 75 mEq/L sodium bicarbonate. The primary outcome of this study was the frequency of AKI among the different types of fluid administration. RESULTS In this study, 72 (60%) patients were boys with the mean age and length of hospital stay of 3.9 ± 2.2 years and 54.4 ± 29.9 h, respectively. AKI as the primary outcome of this study occurred only in one patient in group C and the rate of AKI did not differ significantly among patients receiving different types of fluid resuscitation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Normal saline was equivalent to fluids containing alkalinizing agents in preventing heme-induced nephropathy in patients with G6PDd. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Safaei-Asl
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saba Emami
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Adel Baghersalimi
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahram Darbandi
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Badeli
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Liver Failure in Neonates With G6PD Deficiency. ACG Case Rep J 2022; 9:e00845. [PMID: 36061252 PMCID: PMC9433064 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dynamics of G6PD activity in patients receiving weekly primaquine for therapy of Plasmodium vivax malaria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009690. [PMID: 34495956 PMCID: PMC8452019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Plasmodium vivax malaria is associated with haemolysis, bone marrow suppression, reticulocytopenia, and post-treatment reticulocytosis leading to haemoglobin recovery. Little is known how malaria affects glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and whether changes in activity when patients present may lead qualitative tests, like the fluorescent spot test (FST), to misdiagnose G6PD deficient (G6PDd) patients as G6PD normal (G6PDn). Giving primaquine or tafenoquine to such patients could result in severe haemolysis. METHODS We investigated the G6PD genotype, G6PD enzyme activity over time and the baseline FST phenotype in Cambodians with acute P. vivax malaria treated with 3-day dihydroartemisinin piperaquine and weekly primaquine, 0·75 mg/kg x8 doses. RESULTS Of 75 recruited patients (males 63), aged 5-63 years (median 24), 15 were G6PDd males (14 Viangchan, 1 Canton), 3 were G6PD Viangchan heterozygous females, and 57 were G6PDn; 6 patients had α/β-thalassaemia and 26 had HbE. Median (range) Day0 G6PD activities were 0·85 U/g Hb (0·10-1·36) and 11·4 U/g Hb (6·67-16·78) in G6PDd and G6PDn patients, respectively, rising significantly to 1·45 (0·36-5·54, p<0.01) and 12·0 (8·1-17·4, p = 0.04) U/g Hb on Day7, then falling to ~Day0 values by Day56. Day0 G6PD activity did not correlate (p = 0.28) with the Day0 reticulocyte counts but both correlated over time. The FST diagnosed correctly 17/18 G6PDd patients, misclassifying one heterozygous female as G6PDn. CONCLUSIONS In Cambodia, acute P. vivax malaria did not elevate G6PD activities in our small sample of G6PDd patients to levels that would result in a false normal qualitative test. Low G6PDd enzyme activity at disease presentation increases upon parasite clearance, parallel to reticulocytosis. More work is needed in G6PDd heterozygous females to ascertain the effect of P. vivax on their G6PD activities. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered (ACTRN12613000003774) with the Australia New Zealand Clinical trials (https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=363399&isReview=true).
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Yang HC, Ma TH, Tjong WY, Stern A, Chiu DTY. G6PD deficiency, redox homeostasis, and viral infections: implications for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Free Radic Res 2021; 55:364-374. [PMID: 33401987 PMCID: PMC7799378 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1866757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has so far affected more than 45 million people and has caused over 1 million deaths worldwide. Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the pathogenic agent, which is associated with an imbalanced redox status, causes hyperinflammation and a cytokine storm, leading to cell death. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient individuals may experience a hemolytic crisis after being exposed to oxidants or infection. Individuals with G6PD deficiency are more susceptible to coronavirus infection than individuals with normally functioning G6PD. An altered immune response to viral infections is found in individuals with G6PD deficiency. Evidence indicates that G6PD deficiency is a predisposing factor of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Hsiang Ma
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ye Tjong
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Arnold Stern
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Taylor WRJ, Kheng S, Muth S, Tor P, Kim S, Bjorge S, Topps N, Kosal K, Sothea K, Souy P, Char CM, Vanna C, Ly P, Khieu V, Christophel E, Kerleguer A, Pantaleo A, Mukaka M, Menard D, Baird JK. Hemolytic Dynamics of Weekly Primaquine Antirelapse Therapy Among Cambodians With Acute Plasmodium vivax Malaria With or Without Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1750-1760. [PMID: 31549159 PMCID: PMC6804333 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemoglobin (Hb) data are limited in Southeast Asian glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient (G6PD−) patients treated weekly with the World Health Organization–recommended primaquine regimen (ie, 0.75 mg/kg/week for 8 weeks [PQ 0.75]). Methods We treated Cambodians who had acute Plasmodium vivax infection with PQ0.75 and a 3-day course of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine and determined the Hb level, reticulocyte count, G6PD genotype, and Hb type. Results Seventy-five patients (male sex, 63) aged 5–63 years (median, 24 years) were enrolled. Eighteen were G6PD deficient (including 17 with G6PD Viangchan) and 57 were not G6PD deficient; 26 had HbE (of whom 25 were heterozygous), and 6 had α-/β-thalassemia. Mean Hb concentrations at baseline (ie, day 0) were similar between G6PD deficient and G6PD normal patients (12.9 g/dL [range, 9‒16.3 g/dL] and 13.26 g/dL [range, 9.6‒16 g/dL], respectively; P = .46). G6PD deficiency (P = <.001), higher Hb concentration at baseline (P = <.001), higher parasitemia level at baseline (P = .02), and thalassemia (P = .027) influenced the initial decrease in Hb level, calculated as the nadir level minus the baseline level (range, −5.8–0 g/dL; mean, −1.88 g/dL). By day 14, the mean difference from the day 7 level (calculated as the day 14 level minus the day 7 level) was 0.03 g/dL (range, −0.25‒0.32 g/dL). Reticulocyte counts decreased from days 1 to 3, peaking on day 7 (in the G6PD normal group) and day 14 (in the G6PD deficient group); reticulocytemia at baseline (P = .001), G6PD deficiency (P = <.001), and female sex (P = .034) correlated with higher counts. One symptomatic, G6PD-deficient, anemic male patient was transfused on day 4. Conclusions The first PQ0.75 exposure was associated with the greatest decrease in Hb level and 1 blood transfusion, followed by clinically insignificant decreases in Hb levels. PQ0.75 requires monitoring during the week after treatment. Safer antirelapse regimens are needed in Southeast Asia. Clinical Trials Registration ACTRN12613000003774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter R J Taylor
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,Service de Médecine Tropicale et Humanitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Switzerland.,Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sim Kheng
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sinoun Muth
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Pety Tor
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Saorin Kim
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Steven Bjorge
- World Health Organization (WHO) Cambodia Country Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Narann Topps
- World Health Organization (WHO) Cambodia Country Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Khem Kosal
- Pailin Referral Hospital, Pailin, Cambodia
| | | | - Phum Souy
- Anlong Veng Referral Hospital, Anlong Venh, Cambodia
| | - Chuor Meng Char
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chan Vanna
- Pramoy Health Center, Veal Veng, Cambodia
| | - Po Ly
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Virak Khieu
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Eva Christophel
- WHO Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, the Philippines
| | | | | | - Mavuto Mukaka
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Menard
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,Malaria Genetics and Resistance Group, Biology of Host-Parasite Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - J Kevin Baird
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Eijkman Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute of Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Saddala MS, Lennikov A, Huang H. Discovery of Small-Molecule Activators for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Using Machine Learning Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041523. [PMID: 32102234 PMCID: PMC7073180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a ubiquitous cytoplasmic enzyme converting glucose-6-phosphate into 6-phosphogluconate in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The G6PD deficiency renders the inability to regenerate glutathione due to lack of Nicotine Adenosine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) and produces stress conditions that can cause oxidative injury to photoreceptors, retinal cells, and blood barrier function. In this study, we constructed pharmacophore-based models based on the complex of G6PD with compound AG1 (G6PD activator) followed by virtual screening. Fifty-three hit molecules were mapped with core pharmacophore features. We performed molecular descriptor calculation, clustering, and principal component analysis (PCA) to pharmacophore hit molecules and further applied statistical machine learning methods. Optimal performance of pharmacophore modeling and machine learning approaches classified the 53 hits as drug-like (18) and nondrug-like (35) compounds. The drug-like compounds further evaluated our established cheminformatics pipeline (molecular docking and in silico ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) analysis). Finally, five lead molecules with different scaffolds were selected by binding energies and in silico ADMET properties. This study proposes that the combination of machine learning methods with traditional structure-based virtual screening can effectively strengthen the ability to find potential G6PD activators used for G6PD deficiency diseases. Moreover, these compounds can be considered as safe agents for further validation studies at the cell level, animal model, and even clinic setting.
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Talwar M, Krishnamurthy S, Parameswaran N, Delhikumar CG, Haridasan S, Srinivas BH. Severe acute kidney injury owing to rhabdomyolysis and intravascular haemolysis in an 11-year-old child with G6PD deficiency. Paediatr Int Child Health 2019; 39:150-153. [PMID: 29493437 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2018.1439804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency leading to acute intravascular haemolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI) is a known clinical presentation. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria in G6PD-deficient individuals, especially children. An 11-year-old south Indian Tamil girl presented with severe anaemia and anuric AKI following a short febrile illness. Investigations demonstrated evidence of intravascular haemolysis and rhabdomyolysis, and on histopathology myoglobin deposits (casts) were detected in the renal tubules. She was successfully managed with repeated sessions of haemodialysis and blood transfusions. Follow-up estimation of G6PD levels after 3 months confirmed severe G6PD deficiency (0.003 nkat/g haemoglobin). Although there are anecdotal reports of myoglobinuria in G6PD-deficient individuals, the occurrence of severe anuric AKI in this clinical setting has not been reported. It can be speculated that myoglobinuria (in addition to haemoglobinuria) can contribute towards jeopardising renal function in G6PD deficiency-related acute haemolytic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Talwar
- a Department of Pediatrics , Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Pondicherry , India
| | - Sriram Krishnamurthy
- a Department of Pediatrics , Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Pondicherry , India
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- a Department of Pediatrics , Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Pondicherry , India
| | - C G Delhikumar
- a Department of Pediatrics , Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Pondicherry , India
| | - Satish Haridasan
- b Department of Nephrology , Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Pondicherry , India
| | - Bheemanathi Hanuman Srinivas
- c Department of Pathology , Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Pondicherry , India
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Hwang S, Mruk K, Rahighi S, Raub AG, Chen CH, Dorn LE, Horikoshi N, Wakatsuki S, Chen JK, Mochly-Rosen D. Correcting glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with a small-molecule activator. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4045. [PMID: 30279493 PMCID: PMC6168459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, one of the most common human genetic enzymopathies, is caused by over 160 different point mutations and contributes to the severity of many acute and chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress, including hemolytic anemia and bilirubin-induced neurological damage particularly in newborns. As no medications are available to treat G6PD deficiency, here we seek to identify a small molecule that corrects it. Crystallographic study and mutagenesis analysis identify the structural and functional defect of one common mutant (Canton, R459L). Using high-throughput screening, we subsequently identify AG1, a small molecule that increases the activity of the wild-type, the Canton mutant and several other common G6PD mutants. AG1 reduces oxidative stress in cells and zebrafish. Furthermore, AG1 decreases chloroquine- or diamide-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes. Our study suggests that a pharmacological agent, of which AG1 may be a lead, will likely alleviate the challenges associated with G6PD deficiency. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency provides insufficient protection from oxidative stress, contributing to diverse human pathologies. Here, the authors identify a small molecule that increases the activity and/or stability of mutant G6PD and show that it reduces oxidative stress in zebrafish and hemolysis in isolated human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Karen Mruk
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,University of Wyoming School of Pharmacy, 1000 E. University Ave., HS 596, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Simin Rahighi
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Andrew G Raub
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080, USA
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lisa E Dorn
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Naoki Horikoshi
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Soichi Wakatsuki
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Photon Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-7015, USA
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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