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Howard KJ, Galloy AE, Schmitz DG, Frisch KE. Ball-To-Hand Contact Forces Increase Modeled Shoulder Torques during a Volleyball Spike. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:488-495. [PMID: 37711700 PMCID: PMC10499142 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The volleyball spike is repeated many times in practices and games, presenting a high risk of overuse injury. Previous biomechanical analyses estimating forces on the shoulder during spiking have not included the force exerted on the arm by the ball, because no practical method exists to estimate the contact force between the ball and the hand. The objective of the study was to model the internal shoulder joint reactions while including the measured ball contact force. Ten adolescent female volleyball players performed spikes while we recorded 3D motion capture data for both ball and player. Using an impulse-momentum analysis, we estimated the ball contact force, then included the force in a computational simulation model to estimate the torques produced by the shoulder. The study found that post-contact ball velocities range from 8.6 m/s - 18.2 m/s with net forces between 238 N - 672 N. Most notably, when the ball contact force was included, the average modeled internal shoulder torque to internally rotate the arm increased from -26 N-m to +44 N-m (p < 0.001). These data suggest that neglecting the contact force may risk misinterpreting connections between biomechanics and injury due to spiking. More accurate joint mechanics models will lead to better injury prevention recommendations for volleyball players of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyler J Howard
- College of Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, USA
| | - Adam E Galloy
- Roy J Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dylan G Schmitz
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Mechanical Engineering, USA
| | - Kayt E Frisch
- College of Engineering, George Fox University, Newberg, USA
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2
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Zwierzchowska A, Gaweł E, Gómez MA, Żebrowska A. Prediction of injuries, traumas and musculoskeletal pain in elite Olympic and Paralympic volleyball players. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11064. [PMID: 37422521 PMCID: PMC10329636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to identify the prevalence and location of injuries, traumas, and musculoskeletal complaints in Paralympic and Olympic volleyball players with different impairments and initial playing positions (sitting/standing); and to identify the predictors of the abovementioned variables using a multivariate CRT model. Seventy-five elite volleyball players from seven countries took part in the study. They were divided into three study groups: (SG1)-lateral amputee Paralympic volleyball players, (SG2)-able-bodied Paralympic volleyball players, (SG3)-able-bodied Olympic volleyball players. The prevalence and location of the analyzed variables were assessed with surveys quessionaires, while game-related statistics was interpreted based on the CRT analysis. Regardless of the impairment or initial playing position, both the humeral and knee joints were found to be the most frequent locations of musculoskeletal pain and/or injuries in all studied groups, followed by LBP. Players from SG1 and SG3 were characterized by an almost identical prevalence of reported musculoskeletal pain and injuries, what was not noted in SG2. Extrinsic compensatory mechanism (playing position) may be a crucial variable for prediction of musculoskeletal pain and injuries in volleyball players. Lower limb amputation seems to impact the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints. Training volume may predict the prevalence of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zwierzchowska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Eliza Gaweł
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Miguel-Angel Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-Inef Madrid, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Żebrowska
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Pascoal AG, Ribeiro A, Infante J. Scapular Resting Posture and Scapulohumeral Rhythm Adaptations in Volleyball Players: Implications for Clinical Shoulder Assessment in Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:114. [PMID: 37368564 DOI: 10.3390/sports11060114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Volleyball players develop shoulder sports-related adaptations due to repetitive overhead motions. It is essential to differentiate between these sports-related adaptations and pathological patterns in clinical assessments, particularly on scapular resting posture and scapulohumeral rhythm. Using an electromagnetic tracking system, the 3D shoulder kinematics of 30 male elite asymptomatic volleyball players and a matching control group were recorded at rest and in eight humeral elevation positions, in 15-degree increments from 15 to 120 degrees. The results indicated that the dominant scapular resting posture of the volleyball group was more anteriorly tilted than the control group (Volleyball: mean = -12.02°, STD = 4.16°; Control: mean = -7.45°, STD = 5.42°; Mean difference = 4.57°; STD = 6.85°; CI95% = 2.1° to 7.1°). The scapulohumeral rhythm in the volleyball group showed greater scapular internal rotation (Volleyball: mean = 41.60°, STD = 9.14°; Control: mean = 35.60°, STD = 6.03°; mean difference = 6.02°, STD = 1.47°; CI95% = 4.80° to 7.25°) and anterior tilt (Volleyball: mean = -9.10°, STD = 5.87°; mean = -2.3°, STD = 9.18°; mean difference = 6.88°, STD = 0.66°; CI95% = 6.34° to 7.43°). These findings suggest that volleyball players have developed a sports-related scapular adaptive pattern. This information may be valuable for clinical assessment and rehabilitation planning in injured volleyball players and may aid in the decision-making process for determining a safe return-to-play after a shoulder injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Gil Pascoal
- Biomechanics and Functional Morphology Laboratory (BFML), Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrea Ribeiro
- ISAVE, Instituto Superior de Saúde, Rua Castelo de Almourol 13, P-4720-155 Amares, Portugal
- CIR, Escola Superior de Saúde, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Doutor António Bernardino de Almeida 400, P-4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Infante
- Sports Expertise Laboratory (LPD), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
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Liu W, Long Z, Yang G, Xing L. A Self-Powered Wearable Motion Sensor for Monitoring Volleyball Skill and Building Big Sports Data. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020060. [PMID: 35200321 PMCID: PMC8869770 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel self-powered wearable motion sensor for monitoring the spiking gesture of volleyball athletes has been manufactured from piezoelectric PVDF film. The PVDF film can convert body mechanical energy into electricity through the piezoelectric effect, and the flexible device can be conformably attached on the hand or arm. The sensor can work independently without power supply and actively output piezoelectric signals as the sports information. The sensor can detect the tiny and fine motion of spiking movement in playing volleyball, reflecting the skill. Additionally, the sensor can also real-time monitor the pulse changes and language during a volleyball match. The self-powered sensors can link to a wireless transmitter for uploading the sports information and building big sports data. This work can provoke a new direction for real-time sports monitoring and promote the development of big sports data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Liu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (W.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Zhihe Long
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
| | - Guangyou Yang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (W.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Lili Xing
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (W.L.); (G.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Boudreau SL, Mattes LL, Lowenstein NA, Matzkin EG, Wilcox RB. Customizing Functional Rehabilitation and Return to Sport in the Female Overhead Athlete. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022; 4:e271-e285. [PMID: 35141561 PMCID: PMC8811549 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalie A. Lowenstein
- Department of Orthopedics, Mass General Brigham Sports Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth G. Matzkin
- Department of Orthopedics, Mass General Brigham Sports Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
- Address correspondence to Elizabeth G.Matzkin, M.D., Department of Orthopedics, Mass General Brigham Sports Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Brigham and Women’s/Mass General Health Care Center, 20 Patriot Place, Foxboro, MA 02135.
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Gheller RG, Garcias L, Sakugawa RL, Nascimento WMD, Costa RMD, Detanico D, Rossato M. Can the history of injury influence shoulder isokinetic torque parameters in volleyball players? Sports Biomech 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34402404 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1966494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare shoulder internal rotator and external rotator isokinetic parameters in concentric and eccentric contractions between volleyball players with and without a history of shoulder injury. Thirty male volleyball players participated of this study, divided into two groups: with a history of injury (WHI) in the dominant shoulder (11 athletes; age: 19.4 ± 3.6 years) and no history of injury (NHI) (19 athletes; age: 18.3 ± 2.9 years). The peak torque (PT) and concentric (Con) and eccentric (Ecc) PT angles in internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) at velocities of 60 and 180°/s were measured. The conventional (Con_ER:Con_IR), functional spiking (Ecc_ER:Con_IR), and cocking ratios (Ecc_IR:Con_ER) were calculated. No significant differences were found between groups for PT and PT angle, or for conventional, functional spiking, and cocking ratios. However, the spiking ratio was considered low (0.87) in the WHI group. Moreover, for the spiking ratio in the WHI group, PT at 60°/s occurred at different angles. We conclude that previous injury in shoulder did not affect the peak torque, as well as conventional, spiking or cocking ratio. However, the PT angles at 60°/s used to calculate the spiking ratio shifted due the prior injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ghedini Gheller
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Leandro Garcias
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Raphael Luiz Sakugawa
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Martins Da Costa
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniele Detanico
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mateus Rossato
- Human Performance Laboratory, Physical Education and Physiotherapy Faculty, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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Chandran A, Morris SN, Lempke LB, Boltz AJ, Robison HJ, Collins CL. Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Volleyball: 2014-2015 Through 2018-2019. J Athl Train 2021; 56:666-673. [PMID: 34280268 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-679-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Women's volleyball is a globally popular sport with widespread participation at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) level. BACKGROUND Routine examinations of NCAA women's volleyball injuries are important for recognizing emerging injury-related patterns in this population. METHODS Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during the 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 athletic years were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differences in injury rates. RESULTS The overall injury rate was 6.73 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Knee (14.6%) and ankle (13.8%) injuries accounted for the largest proportion of all reported injuries, and most injuries were attributed to overuse (26.1%) or noncontact (22.7%) mechanisms. Lateral ankle ligament complex tears (11.1%) and concussions (7.3%) were the most commonly reported specific injury. SUMMARY Results indicate an increasing burden of practice-related injuries and the need to further examine overuse injuries. Lower-extremity injury prevention strategies and mechanisms of concussion also warrant further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chandran
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarah N Morris
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Landon B Lempke
- Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Adrian J Boltz
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hannah J Robison
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Christy L Collins
- Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention, Indianapolis, IN
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Gupta D, Donnelly CJ, Jensen JL, Reinbolt JA. Goal-Oriented Optimization of Dynamic Simulations to Find a Balance between Performance Enhancement and Injury Prevention during Volleyball Spiking. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:598. [PMID: 34206587 PMCID: PMC8303922 DOI: 10.3390/life11070598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance enhancement and injury prevention are often perceived as opposite sides of a coin, where focusing on improvements of one leads to detriment of the other. In this study, we used physics-based simulations with novel optimization methods to find participant-specific, whole-body mechanics of volleyball spiking that enhances performance (the peak height of the hitting hand and its forward velocity) while minimizing injury risk. For the volleyball spiking motion, the shoulder is the most common injury site because of the high mechanical loads that are most pronounced during the follow-through phase of the movement. We analyzed 104 and 209 spiking trials across 13 participants for the power and follow-through phases, respectively. During the power phase, simulations increased (p < 0.025) the peak height of the hitting wrist by 1% and increased (p < 0.025) the forward wrist velocity by 25%, without increasing peak shoulder joint torques, by increasing the lower-limb forward swing (i.e., hip flexion, knee extension). During the follow-through phase, simulations decreased (p < 0.025) peak shoulder joint torques by 75% elicited by synergistic rotation of the trunk along the pathway of the hitting arm. Our results show that performance enhancement and injury prevention are not mutually exclusive and may both be improved simultaneously, potentially leading to better-performing and injury-free athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Gupta
- Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Cyril J. Donnelly
- Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
- School of Human Sciences (Health and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jody L. Jensen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Jeffrey A. Reinbolt
- Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Paraskevopoulos E, Simeonidis T, Tsolakis C, Koulouvaris P, Papandreou M. The adjunctive benefits of mirror cross education on kinetic chain exercise approach in volleyball athletes with scapular dyskinesis. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:98-109. [PMID: 33615766 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volleyball players as overhead athletes have the highest risk of developing Scapular Dyskinesis. The kinetic chain exercise-approach has gained a lot of attention because of its claims to provide an improved motor control and scapular kinematics. A form of cross exercise, known as mirror therapy, may enhance the effects of a Kinetic-Chain-Approach on scapular posture, upper and lower limb performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the adjunctive benefits of Mirror-Cross-Education in a Kinetic-Chain-Approach, in volleyball athletes with SD. METHODS 39 professional volleyball athletes were randomly assigned to three groups of 13 each, two experimental, the Mirror-Cross-Education and Kinetic-Chain-Approach, and one control. Both experimental groups performed a Kinetic-Chain-Approach programme, however, the Mirror-Cross-Education group performed the exercise programme with the addition of two mirrors that allowed athletes to observe their opposite non-dyskinetic scapula. Scapular posture asymmetries in cm, the Y-Balance and the Upper-Quarter YBalance after normalizing by limb length the reach distance in each direction, were assessed before and after performing each intervention for 6 weeks. RESULTS 3x2 two-way Mixed ANOVAs detected significant interactions on scapular posture (p=0.001) on both experimental groups when compared with the control. The Y-Balance and the Upper Quarter Y-Balance scores at both Mirror-Cross-Education and Kinetic-Chain-Approach groups showed significant differences when compared with the control (p<0.05). Overall, variables showed significant superiority of the Mirror-Cross-Education group. CONCLUSIONS The Mirror-Cross-Education demonstrated significant effects in scapular posture and in the functional balance tests of volleyball athletes with Scapular Dyskinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theocharis Simeonidis
- Orthopaedic Center of Research and Education PN Soukakos, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Charilaos Tsolakis
- Orthopaedic Center of Research and Education PN Soukakos, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece.,School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Papandreou
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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Chang CC, Chang CM, Shih YF. Kinetic Chain Exercise Intervention Improved Spiking Consistency and Kinematics in Volleyball Players With Scapular Dyskinesis. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:2844-2852. [PMID: 33306587 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chang, C-C, Chang, C-M, and Shih, Y-F. Kinetic chain exercise intervention improved spiking consistency and kinematics in volleyball players with Scapular Dyskinesis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is a common problem among volleyball players with chronic shoulder pain. This randomized controlled study examined the effectiveness of kinetic chain (KC) training on neuromuscular performance of the scapula and trunk during volleyball spikes. Forty volleyball players with SD and chronic shoulder pain received 4 weeks of KC training or the conventional shoulder exercise training (CT). Shoulder pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) every week. The kinematics and muscle activation of the shoulder and upper trunk, and proprioceptive feedback magnitude (PFM) for scapular movement consistency, were recorded at the maximum shoulder flexion (T1) and ball contact (T2) during spiking tasks. The two-way repeated measures analysis of variances was used to assess the between-group differences before and after the intervention. The results showed a significant time by group interaction for the upper trunk rotation (p < 0.001) and PFM (p = 0.03) at T2. The post-hoc test indicated that the KC group significantly increased contralateral rotation of the upper trunk (9.63 ± 4.19° vs. -4.25 ± 10.05°), and improved movement consistency (error: 8.88 ± 11.52° vs. 19.73 ± 12.79°) at T2 compared with the CT group. Significant time effects were also identified for VAS, scapular upward rotation (T1 and T2), upper trunk contralateral side-bending and PFM at T1, and upper trunk contralateral rotation at T2. In conclusion, both KC and CT training would relieve shoulder pain and improve scapular and trunk movement, whereas the KC program was more effective for increasing scapular movement consistency and upper trunk rotation during volleyball spikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Shih
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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