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Vargas JDY, Machado TG, Oliveira G, Imparato JCP, Raggio DP, Mendes FM, Braga MM. Where do we invest money to implement active learning on caries detection? An economic evaluation. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e055. [PMID: 38922215 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This trial-based economic evaluation aimed to estimate the incremental cost of implementing an active learning strategy (theoretical-practical workshop) to substitute the didactic lecture as the sole method for students training in caries detection. We also provided a budget impact analysis and explored the composition of costs related to the activity. Data from the coordinating centre of a multicentre randomized and controlled study (IuSTC01) was analyzed as the first part of our main economic analysis plan. The perspective of the educational provider (the institution implementing the activity) was considered, and an immediate time horizon was adopted. All used resources were valued in Brazilian Real by adopting a microcosting strategy. Costs for each strategy were estimated and converted into international dollars. The incremental Cost per student and the total cost of implementing the complete teaching strategy for 80 students were calculated. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the uncertainties. The incremental Cost estimated for the workshop implementation would be $7.93 per student (interquartile range (IQR): $7.8-8.1), and the total cost of the teaching activity would be $684 (IQR:672-696). The laboratory training comprised more than 50% of the total amount spent, and a higher percentage of this value was related to human resources costs (72%). Saving 40% of the costs could be expected for the next rounds of activities in the institution, assuming no need for additional preparation of didactic materials and tutor training. A modest incremental cost per student and an acceptable organizational budget impact should be expected for the institution when including active learning training in caries detection for undergraduate students, mainly related to the human resources involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhandira Daibelis Yampa Vargas
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentristry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Gomes Machado
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentristry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentristry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Pettorossi Imparato
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentristry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Prócida Raggio
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentristry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fausto Medeiros Mendes
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentristry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Minatel Braga
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentristry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Salazar-Méndez J, Cuyul-Vásquez I, Ponce-Fuentes F, Guzmán-Muñoz E, Núñez-Cortés R, Huysmans E, Lluch-Girbés E, Viscay-Sanhueza N, Fuentes J. Pain neuroscience education for patients with chronic pain: A scoping review from teaching-learning strategies, educational level, and cultural perspective. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 123:108201. [PMID: 38387389 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (1) To identify the characteristics of PNE programs in terms of teaching-learning strategies, session modality, content delivery format, number of sessions, total minutes and instructional support material used in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, (2) to describe PNE adaptations for patients with different educational levels or cultural backgrounds, and (3) to describe the influence of the patient's educational level or cultural background on the effects of PNE. METHODS The PRISMA guideline for scoping reviews was followed. Nine databases were systematically searched up to July 8, 2023. Articles that examined clinical or psychosocial variables in adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain who received PNE were included. RESULTS Seventy-one articles were included. Studies found benefits of PNE through passive/active teaching-learning strategies with group/individual sessions. However, PNE programs presented great heterogeneity and adaptations to PNE were poorly reported. Most studies did not consider educational level and culture in the effects of PNE. CONCLUSIONS Despite the large number of studies on PNE and increased interest in this intervention, the educational level and culture are poorly reported in the studies. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS It is recommended to use passive and/or active teaching-learning strategies provided in individual and/or group formats considering the patient's educational level and culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Cuyul-Vásquez
- Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile; Facultad de las Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Felipe Ponce-Fuentes
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Mayor, Temuco, Chile
| | - Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile; Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés
- Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departament of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Huysmans
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy,Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium; Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels 1090, Belgium; Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Enrique Lluch-Girbés
- Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy,Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | | | - Jorge Fuentes
- Clinical Research Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Catholic University of Maule, Chile; Faculty of Rehab Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Kimber M, Baker-Sullivan E, Stewart DE, Vanstone M. Improving Health Professional Recognition and Response to Child Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence: Protocol for Two Mixed Methods Pilot Randomized Controlled Trials. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e50864. [PMID: 38512307 PMCID: PMC10995786 DOI: 10.2196/50864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal educational approach for preparing health professionals with the knowledge and skills to effectively recognize and respond to family violence, including child maltreatment and intimate partner violence, remains unclear. The Violence, Evidence, Guidance, and Action (VEGA) Family Violence Education Resources is a novel intervention that can be completed via self-directed learning or in a workshop format; both approaches focus on improving health professional preparedness to address family violence. OBJECTIVE Our studies aim to determine the acceptability and feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the self-directed (experimental intervention) and workshop (active control) modalities of VEGA, as an adjunct to standard education, to improve learner (Researching the Impact of Service provider Education [RISE] with Residents) and independent practice (RISE with Veterans) health professional preparedness, knowledge, and skills related to recognizing family violence in their health care encounters. METHODS The RISE with Residents and RISE with Veterans research studies use embedded experimental mixed methods research designs. The quantitative strand for each study follows the principles of a pilot randomized controlled trial. For RISE with Residents, we aimed to recruit 80 postgraduate medical trainees; for RISE with Veterans, we intended to recruit 80 health professionals who work or have worked with Veterans (or their family members) of the Canadian military or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in a direct service capacity. Participants complete quantitative assessments at baseline, after intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. A subset of participants from each arm also undergoes a qualitative semistructured interview with the aim of describing participants' perceptions of the value and impact of each VEGA modality, as well as research burden. Scores on potential outcome measures will be mapped to excerpts of qualitative data via a mixed methods joint display to aid in the interpretation of findings. RESULTS We consented 71 individuals to participate in the RISE with Residents study. Data collection was completed on August 31, 2023, and data are currently being cleaned and prepared for analysis. As of January 15, 2024, we consented 34 individuals in the RISE with Veterans study; data collection will be completed in March 2024. For both studies, no data analysis had taken place at the time of manuscript submission. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications; academic conferences; and posting and sharing of study summaries and infographics on social media, the project website, and via professional network listserves. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the impacts of family violence remains a pressing public health challenge. Both research studies will provide a valuable methodological contribution about the feasibility of trial methods in health professions education focused on family violence. They will also contribute to education science about the differences in the effectiveness of self-directed versus facilitator-led learning strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05490121, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05490121; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05490004, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05490004. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/50864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kimber
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Baker-Sullivan
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Donna E Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meredith Vanstone
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Phoong KY, Hardacre CL, Hill JE. Advancing pressure ulcer prevention: evaluating the impact of patient and lay carer education. Br J Community Nurs 2023; 28:S8-S12. [PMID: 38019660 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2023.28.sup12.s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Decubitus ulcers, also known as bed ulcers or pressure ulcers, result from prolonged pressure on the skin, with contributing factors such as shear forces, friction and excessive moisture. Pressure ulcers have significant physical, social and psychological consequences for patients and impose a substantial financial burden on healthcare providers. Patient and caregiver education has been suggested as a potential approach for preventing pressure ulcers. In order to investigate the potential preventive impact, O'Connor et al (2021) conducted a Cochrane systematic review. Their study aimed to assess the effectiveness of educational interventions for patients and caregivers in preventing pressure ulcers. This commentary aims to critically appraise the methods used within the Cochrane systematic review by O'Connor et al (2022) and expand on the findings in the context of clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Edward Hill
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration-Northwest Coast (ARC-NWC), UK
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Murphy EE, Ordal L, Niendorf K, Ketelsen K, Eichmeyer JN, Mills R. Genetic counseling graduate program faculty perspectives on sharing education materials among programs. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:1174-1183. [PMID: 37740462 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advancements in genetics care requires responsive genetic counseling (GC) training capable of integrating new discoveries and practice into their curricula. The utilization of shared or standardized educational resources may address this need. Recognizing the potential of shared resources, the Pharmacogenetics (PGx) Working Group of the NSGC Precision Medicine Special Interest Group (SIG) launched a standardized education module using a flipped-classroom format to provide all GC programs equal access to PGx expertise and alleviate the burden of curriculum development. Following the initial success of the program, we aimed to explore the utilization of shared and standardized education resources more broadly, and better understand the perspectives of GC program faculty regarding their use. Twenty-nine program faculty representing at least 14 programs responded to an online survey. The majority (n = 21) reported sharing educational materials with another GC program, and 90% of those reported the shared materials to be beneficial as they promote collaboration, efficiency, address a gap in content, and provide access to experts. Similar benefits were described when using a standardized curriculum, which was defined as standardized lectures and activities created about a particular topic and made available to all genetic counseling programs; 16 participants indicated they would be very likely or likely to use a standardized curriculum. A secondary aim of the survey was to assess the existing PGx module that utilizes a flipped-classroom format. Overall, the PGx module was well received, indicating that a standardized shared module is well-suited for instruction on emerging and specialty topics. All participants believed the flipped-classroom format to be very or somewhat beneficial. In summary, results indicate that shared educational materials, including standardized education modules, are a potential solution to challenges related to efficiency and access to content experts in GC education, and program leadership is receptive to using them.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Emma Murphy
- Genetic Counseling, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Leslie Ordal
- Genetic Counseling, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Kristin Niendorf
- Genetic Counseling Program, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA
| | - Kirk Ketelsen
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Jennifer N Eichmeyer
- Genetic Counseling, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Rachel Mills
- MS Genetic Counseling Program, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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Caiola C, Nelson TB, Black KZ, Calogero C, Guard K, Haberstroh A, Corral I. Structural competency in pre-health and health professional learning: A scoping review. J Interprof Care 2023; 37:922-931. [PMID: 36264080 PMCID: PMC10188213 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2022.2124238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Structural competency training provides guidance to healthcare providers on recognizing and addressing structural factors leading to health inequities. To inform the evidence-based progression of structural competency curriculum development, this study was designed to map the current state of the literature on structural competency training with pre-health students, healthcare professional students, and/or healthcare professionals. We performed a scoping review and identified peer-reviewed, primary research articles assessing structural competency training interventions. The category of learners, timing of the structural competency training, types of teaching and learning activities used, instruments used to measure training outcomes, and evaluation criteria were examined. Eleven (n = 11) articles met inclusion criteria, addressing all training levels, and largely focused on medical education. Active learning strategies and researcher-developed instruments to measure training outcomes were most used. Evaluation criteria largely focused on trainees' affective reactions, utility assessments, and direct measure of the trainee learning. We suggest designing interprofessional structural competency education with an emphasis on active learning strategies and standardized training curricula. Evaluation instruments integrated at different points in the health professional learning trajectory are important for evidence-based progression in curriculum development focused on achieving structural competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Caiola
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Taylor B Nelson
- School of Nursing, the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Kristin Z Black
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Christie Calogero
- Bachelor of Science in Nursing Student, College of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kaitlin Guard
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Irma Corral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Özöztürk S, Güler B, Bilgiç D, Özberk H, Yağcan H, Aluş Tokat M. The effect of online and face-to-face active learning methods on learning attitudes. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 129:105915. [PMID: 37481920 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to compare the effects of online and face-to-face education models using active learning methods on students' learning attitudes. METHODS This retrospective and quasi-experimental study included total 203 third-grade nursing students who took the Obstetrics and Gynecological Health Nursing course face-to-face and online in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. Active Learning Methods Questionnaire and the Scale Attitude Towards Learning (SATL) were used. RESULTS The mean score of active learning methods of the students receiving online education (77.35 ± 18.63) was higher than the face-to-face education group (67.00 ± 20.67). Although there was no difference between the face-to-face and online education groups in terms of the effort to learn and caring for learning, online students had a lower attitude towards learning avoidance (t: 6.540, p: 0.000). There was a negative and low-level significant correlation between the evaluation of active learning methods and the total score of SATL in the online education group (r = -0.200; p = .043), no correlation in face-to-face group (r: 0.004; p: 0.963). CONCLUSION Online education, which uses active learning methods, affected positively students' attitudes towards learning and decreased their avoidance of learning more than face-to-face education. This study has shown that active learning methods allow online students to question theoretical knowledge, convey it to patient care, contribute to clinical knowledge, and facilitate their learning and analytical thinking based on the more positively evaluation by online students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Özöztürk
- Topcon Europe Medical B.V., Information Technology, Capelle aan den IJssel, the Netherlands.
| | - Buse Güler
- Department of Gynecologic and Obstetrics Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bilgiç
- Department of Gynecologic and Obstetrics Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hülya Özberk
- Department of Gynecologic and Obstetrics Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hande Yağcan
- Department of Gynecologic and Obstetrics Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Merlinda Aluş Tokat
- Department of Gynecologic and Obstetrics Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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Sukkha S, Supapaan T, Meesawatsom P. Evaluation of interactive teaching strategies and learning outcomes on the topic of kidney pharmacotherapy. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2023; 15:302-310. [PMID: 37029075 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Students' knowledge retention decreases overtime when experiencing large-group teaching. Engaging class activities improve student learning. We report the rapid changes in teaching methods and measurable learning outcomes on the topic of kidney pharmacotherapy (KP) in a doctor of pharmacy program. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND SETTING The KP modules were delivered using two different methods, traditional lecture (TL) (in-person class) and interactive strategies of online learning (ISOL), to fourth-year pharmacy students during the academic years 2019 and 2020, respectively. This study aimed to compare the learning outcomes from TL and ISOL examinations. Students' perceptions regarding their new learning experiences were also explored. FINDINGS A total of 226 students were included in the study (TL, n = 118; ISOL, n = 108). The median percentage of the overall score from the ISOL examinations was higher than that achieved by the TL class (73% vs. 67%, P = .003). Further analyses revealed similar improvements in most learning outcomes and cognitive domains. A higher proportion of students taught through ISOL achieved scores >80% than those in the TL group (39% vs. 16%, P < .001). The student respondents provided positive feedback regarding activities in the ISOL cohort. SUMMARY The delivery of online KP when integrated with interactive strategies can maintain the outcome-based learning in Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University. Approaches that aid student engagement during teaching and learning become opportunities for the improvement of education adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayamon Sukkha
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Teeraporn Supapaan
- Division of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, 85 Sathonlamark Road, Warin Chamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand.
| | - Pongsatorn Meesawatsom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 447 Sri-Ayuthaya Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Alwadei A. Utilizing Evaluation and Development Frameworks to Engineer a College-Wide Evaluation and Reform of an Undergraduate Dental Curriculum. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2023; 14:145-156. [PMID: 36880092 PMCID: PMC9985396 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s402059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To operationalize and analyze a college-wide evaluation of an undergraduate dental curriculum. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive case study design was used with extensive multiple data collection methods that included literature review, document review of existing data, survey questionnaires, focus group semi-structured interviews and observation of clinical and laboratory tasks. This approach was based on Kern's curriculum development model and Fitzpatrick's practical guidelines and evaluation standards. RESULTS The evaluation outcomes indicated that a significant curricular change is needed. In hindsight, a thorough reflection on the evaluation strategy is provided highlighting several contextual factors. Actionable recommendations and comparisons are also drafted to shape a coherent curriculum reform implementation. CONCLUSION The process by which the evaluation was conducted, and the reform implementation is being instituted, while unique to this college, may offer insights for change at other dental colleges. In that, greater emphasis is placed on the general principles that remain applicable to other comparable contexts regardless of the distinctiveness in specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurahman Alwadei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Musa D, Gonzalez L, Penney H, Daher S. Technology Acceptance and Authenticity in Interactive Simulation: Experimental Study. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 9:e40040. [PMID: 36790842 PMCID: PMC9978972 DOI: 10.2196/40040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote and virtual simulations have gained prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic as institutions maintain social distancing measures. Because of the challenges of cost, flexibility, and feasibility in traditional mannequin simulation, many health care educators have used videos as a remote simulation modality; however, videos provide minimal interactivity. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of interactivity in students' simulation experiences. We analyzed students' perceptions of technology acceptance and authenticity in interactive and noninteractive simulations. METHODS Undergraduate nursing students participated in interactive and noninteractive simulations. The interactive simulation was conducted using interactive video simulation software that we developed, and the noninteractive simulation consisted of passively playing a video of the simulation. After each simulation, the students completed a 10-item technology acceptance questionnaire and 6-item authenticity questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In addition, we performed an exploratory analysis to compare technology acceptance and authenticity in interactive local and remote simulations using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Data from 29 students were included in this study. Statistically significant differences were found between interactive and noninteractive simulations for overall technology acceptance (P<.001) and authenticity (P<.001). Analysis of the individual questionnaire items showed statistical significance for 3 out of the 10 technology acceptance items (P=.002, P=.002, and P=.004) and 5 out of the 6 authenticity items (P<.001, P<.001, P=.001, P=.003, and P=.005). The interactive simulation scored higher than the noninteractive simulation in all the statistically significant comparisons. Our exploratory analysis revealed that local simulation may promote greater perceptions of technology acceptance (P=.007) and authenticity (P=.027) than remote simulation. CONCLUSIONS Students' perceptions of technology acceptance and authenticity were greater in interactive simulation than in noninteractive simulation. These results support the importance of interactivity in students' simulation experiences, especially in remote or virtual simulations in which students' involvement may be less active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Musa
- Department of Informatics, Ying Wu College of Computing, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Heidi Penney
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Salam Daher
- Department of Informatics, Ying Wu College of Computing, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Paul AP, Miner DG, Parcetich KM. Influence of a clinical experiential activity on student confidence in conducting effective fall-risk assessment on older adults. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2022; 43:537-550. [PMID: 34098863 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2021.1925266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to confidently perform fall-risk assessment on older adults is critical for Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students prior to entering workforce. The complex nature of falls makes it challenging to teach it realistically in traditional classroom settings. This could lead to lack of confidence in performing effective assessments in real clinical situations. For this purpose, an evidence-based experiential fall-risk assessment activity was implemented in the curriculum. The purpose was to investigate if this activity improved students' confidence in performing fall-risk assessment. Twenty-eight students completed this activity on thirty-three older adults from a senior living community. A 13-item questionnaire was used to investigate confidence before and after the activity. Significant improvements in students' confidence were noted for administering client interview (p = .001, r = -0.43), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (p = .046, r = -0.34) and 10-Meter Walk Test (p = .011, r = -0.27). Additionally, students demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC > 0.9) with the faculty experts for administering 5-Times Sit-to-Stand, 10-Meter Walk, Berg Balance Scale, 4-Stage Balance, Timed Up and Go and 30-Second Chair Stand tests, and good inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.78) for Single-Limb Stance Time test. This activity had a positive impact on DPT students' confidence in conducting effective fall-risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arco P Paul
- Department of Physical Therapy, Radford University Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel G Miner
- Department of Physical Therapy, Radford University Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Kevin M Parcetich
- Department of Physical Therapy, Radford University Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
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Alharbi F, Alwadei SH, Alwadei A, Asiri S, Alwadei F, Alqerban A, Almuzian M. Comparison between two asynchronous teaching methods in an undergraduate dental course: a pilot study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:488. [PMID: 35739594 PMCID: PMC9219382 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Properly designed and implemented eLearning can lead to improvement of dental teaching quality. Various strategies have been proposed to increase the effectiveness of eLearning in dental education, however, there is a lack of research to assess the effectiveness of these strategies. OBJECTIVE To investigate dental students' learning performance and perception of a virtual flipped learning format compared to a virtual traditional learning method. METHODS A crossover pilot study was conducted at the College of Dentistry, Princes Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Computer-generated randomization, blinded from researchers who analyzed the results, was performed to allocate 32 participants (aged 23.27 ± 0.86 years) to one of two groups. Participants in the control group were taught through the virtual traditional learning method (VTL) using live video lectures. In contrast, participants in the intervention group were taught through the virtual flipped learning method (VFL) using recorded online lectures and post-lecture virtual discussions. Learning gain and preference were measured by pre- and post-test average score differences and a modified validated survey, respectively. RESULTS There was no significant difference in learning performance between VFL and VTL groups (P > 0.05). However, students preferred VFL over VTL and the differences were significant among all survey items, except for the opportunity to ask questions. CONCLUSION Health professions educators are encouraged to carefully design online curricula with efficient learning strategies that help students improve learning performance and foster self-directed learning skills while valuing active learning in an online environment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04692142 , 31/12/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alharbi
- Department of preventive dental sciences/College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh H Alwadei
- Department of preventive dental sciences/College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurahman Alwadei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Asiri
- Department of preventive dental sciences/College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Alwadei
- Department of preventive dental sciences/College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alqerban
- Department of preventive dental sciences/College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Choy CL, Liaw SY, Goh EL, See KC, Chua WL. Impact of sepsis education for healthcare professionals and students on learner and patient outcomes: A systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2022; 122:84-95. [PMID: 35045340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is an important global healthcare problem that is a key challenge faced by healthcare professionals face worldwide. One key effort aimed at reducing the global burden of sepsis is educating healthcare professionals about early identification and management of sepsis. AIM To provide a comprehensive evaluation of sepsis education among healthcare professionals and students. METHODS Six databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus) were searched. We included studies that described and evaluated any form of education or training on sepsis delivered to healthcare professionals and students. Study outcomes were summarised according to the adapted Kirkpatrick model of training evaluation. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included in the review. The learning contents were reported to be in accordance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. Seven studies included the topic of interprofessional teamwork and communication in their sepsis education content. Most educational programs were effective and reported positive effects on immediate knowledge outcomes. Interventions that were delivered through an active learning approach such as simulation and game-based learning generally produced greater gains than didactic teaching. Improvements in patient care processes and patient outcomes were associated with the concomitant existence or implementation of a hospital sepsis care bundle. CONCLUSION Incorporating active learning strategies into sepsis education interventions has the potential to improve learners' long-term outcomes. In addition, sepsis education and protocol-based sepsis care bundle act in synergy to augment greater improvements in care processes and patient benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Choy
- Nursing Department, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - S Y Liaw
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - E L Goh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | - K C See
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - W L Chua
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Khalafi A, Arman P, Manouchehrian N. Scenario-based simulation and debriefing sessions can potentially improve non-technical skills in nurse anesthetist students of Iran; A quasi-experimental study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Rodrigues NG, Han CQY, Devi KM, Chi Y, Selvam UP, Wee FC, Ang ENK, Chan YS, Wu VX. Perspectives of Nurse Preceptors on a Web-based Clinical Pedagogy Program and Clinical Teaching: A Descriptive Qualitative Study. Nurs Health Sci 2021; 24:214-223. [PMID: 34939296 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nurse preceptors are key stakeholders in providing quality clinical education. The study aims to explore the perspectives of nurse preceptors on a Web-based clinical pedagogy program and clinical teaching. A descriptive qualitative design was adopted. The program was made accessible to the nurse preceptors who were assigned nursing students from July 2019 to June 2020. Upon completion of clinical teaching, focus group discussions were conducted and transcribed into verbatim. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. A total of 19 nurse preceptors participated in four focus group discussions. Five themes and 11 sub-themes emerged: 1) Undergoing the process of self-awareness and development; 2) Mastering newly acquired skills to refine own teaching approach; 3) Implementing consistent evaluation and constructive feedback; 4) Dual roles and responsibilities of preceptor; 5) Benefits and barriers of the program. This study highlighted the knowledge and skills preceptors gained through the program which gave them newfound confidence and facilitated their clinical teaching and evaluation. As the shift towards online learning becomes more apparent, web-based learning can be a useful platform for professional development of nurse preceptors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Grace Rodrigues
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD 11,10 Medical Drive, Singapore
| | - Claudia Qin Yun Han
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD 11,10 Medical Drive, Singapore
| | - Kamala M Devi
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD 11,10 Medical Drive, Singapore
| | - Yuchen Chi
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD 11,10 Medical Drive, Singapore
| | | | - Fong Chi Wee
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore
| | - Emily Neo Kim Ang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD 11,10 Medical Drive, Singapore
| | - Yah Shih Chan
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD 11,10 Medical Drive, Singapore
| | - Vivien Xi Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD 11,10 Medical Drive, Singapore
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Online argumentation-based learning aided by digital concept mapping during COVID-19: implications for health management teaching and learning. HEALTH EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/he-12-2020-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected educational systems worldwide, forcing them to abruptly shift from face-to-face to online teaching and learning. This case study illustrates how a traditional lecture-based activity for undergraduate students in a Management of Health Service Organizations program was transformed into an argumentation-based learning activity using the technique of digital concept mapping and was deployed in an online format during the COVID-19 lockdown.
Design/methodology/approach
The students were tasked with solving an ill-structured problem bearing significance for their future professional lives and connected to the contents of their course (entitled “Assimilation of service quality in health systems”). The activity was composed of two phases. In Phase 1, participants were asked to provide five arguments to establish their proposed solution to the problem by using a concept map on a digital platform (Mindomo). In Phase 2, they were asked to substantiate their arguments. Reflective journals were used to ascertain how the participants viewed the activity. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data by searching for themes demonstrating different epistemological positions.
Findings
Six themes were inductively derived from the students' reflections: (1) transitioning from passive to active learning; (2) generating epistemic change; (3) social perspective-taking; (4) domain-based knowledge; (5) prior knowledge and experience; and (6) online collaboration with other students. Episodes, thoughts and feelings expressed by the students were reported so as to increase the reliability of the recurrent and common themes.
Originality/value
This study mainly shows that combining constructivist teaching and learning tools with advanced technology in an online course enables the development of lifelong learning capabilities among students in the health management professions.
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Lin CC, Han CY, Wu MLW, Hsiao PR, Wang LH, Chen LC. Enhancing reflection on medical and surgical nursing among nursing students: A participatory action research study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 102:104935. [PMID: 33957396 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical and Surgical Nursing (MSN) is a core course in baccalaureate nursing programs that requires active and effective teaching and learning strategies to enhance students' engagement. OBJECTIVE To develop and implement an effective learning process for students undertaking the MSN course. DESIGN This participatory action research study used reflection as the center of action in the cycle of planning, acting, observing and reflecting and re-planning. SETTING The study was conducted at a University in southern Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS Thirty nursing students in their second year of a bachelor program in nursing, aged 19 to 20 years, were recruited via email and completed the study. METHODS The data were collected from February to June 2019 through reflective workshops, group discussions, individual interviews, and field notes. A qualitative content analysis was performed. Four criteria were considered to ensure the trustworthiness of the study process: reliability, validity, transferability, and authentic citations. RESULTS Four key themes - two challenges and two adaptive strategies - emerged in relation to the spiral process of improving teaching and learning in the MSN course. Participants experienced two main challenges: the large amount of multidisciplinary knowledge expected, and the rapid pace of the course. The two adaptive strategies were: recognizing their own unique way of learning and becoming an active learner and achiever. CONCLUSIONS The project helped students to identify their own learning challenges, recognize the need to modify their attitudes and approaches to learning, improve teaching and learning in the MSN course, and identify the characteristics relevant to becoming an active learner and achiever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Lin
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 2, Jiapu Rd, West Sec. Pu-tz, ChiaYi 613, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Yen Han
- Department of Nursing and Clinical Competency Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 261 Wenhua 1 st Rd., Guishan Dist., Tauyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Lin Winnie Wu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, 170 Kessels road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Ping-Ru Hsiao
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 261 Wenhua 1 st Rd., Guishan Dist., Tauyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 261 Wenhua 1 st Rd., Guishan Dist., Tauyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Chin Chen
- Department of Nursing, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital No.6, Sec.2, Jincheng Rd., Tucheng Dist., New Taipei City, 236, Taiwan.
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Gossell-Williams M, Paul T. Introducing medical students to pharmacovigilance through a Basic Research Skills Special Study Module. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:81-87. [PMID: 32039862 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-191032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacovigilance is an important aspect of clinical practice; however, there is limited evidence that it exists as a theme in medical education curricula. OBJECTIVE We developed and used a Basic Research Skill Special Study Module to introduce pharmacovigilance to medical students in the early years of their programme. METHODS Students completing year one or two of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery programme at The University of the West Indies, Jamaica participated in the four week experience from May 16th to June 12th 2019 to complete structured content sessions and self-directed activity. Sessions focused on the importance of pharmacovigilance and guided steps to complete a secondary data research project on an adverse reaction reported for a drug of personal interest. The final output was a poster mini-symposium at which each student held a five minute oral presentation. Posters were assessed for compliance with content guidelines, quality and presentation. RESULTS Ten students participated in this experience and nine students produced posters of greater than 80% compliance with the content guidelines that were provided. The points awarded also reflected high scores for the required elements, relevant graphics, attractiveness/neatness and oral presentation. Students expressed overall satisfaction with the learning experience of the module. CONCLUSION Moving forward, the authors will continue using this innovative active learning methodology to increase student exposure to pharmacovigilance, conducting and sharing research. Quantitative outcome assessment tools will be developed and long term goals will focus on its utility in curriculum improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Gossell-Williams
- Section of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Jamaica
| | - Tomlin Paul
- Office of the Dean, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Jamaica
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Dueñas AN, Finn GM. Body Painting Plus: Art-Based Activities to Improve Visualisation in Clinical Education Settings. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1260:27-42. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47483-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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King CD, MacKinnon G. Factors to Consider When Designing Multimedia CBL Tools in Health Professional Programs. JOURNAL OF CASES ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4018/jcit.2020010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multimedia case studies are effective constructivist instructional tools that can help to design contextually authentic scenarios while also scaffolding instruction to help students move beyond their current skill and knowledge base. Although there are many advantages of using multimedia case-based learning, there are also many challenges associated with designing technology-enhanced case studies for constructivist learning. The research described herein presents the advantages and challenges that emerged from three unique learning environments in health professional education programs. In each of these environments, a multimedia educational tool (named the multimedia case-based learning sports injury assessment educational tool) was designed to engage students in authentic sport injury case scenarios. Feedback was gathered from multiple stakeholders in each learning context and used to explore the effectiveness of this technology-enhanced pedagogical approach.
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Patterson D, Resko S. Factors Associated With Knowledge Retention 3 Months After a Sexual Assault Forensic Examiner Blended Learning Course. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2020; 16:138-145. [PMID: 32732528 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A blended learning continuing education course may appeal to busy healthcare professionals because the primary content can be learned online while an in-person component can hone clinical skills. The current study assessed knowledge retention in a sample of healthcare professionals who participated in a nationwide sexual assault forensic examiner blended learning course (12-week online course and 2-day in-person patient simulation). METHODS Participants' characteristics, motivation, and external barriers were collected through a precourse web-based survey. Participants' knowledge was assessed through pretests and posttests for 12 modules and a 3-month postcourse examination. Utilizing repeated measures analysis of variance, the study examined whether participants retained their knowledge at the 3-month follow-up point. Multiple linear regression was utilized to explore the factors associated with knowledge retention. RESULTS The results found a knowledge score from 77.92% to 68.83% correct. The findings indicate that participants who were interested in the blended learning course because of the 2-day patient simulation were more likely to retain knowledge. Learners with more years of experience also had slightly higher knowledge retention. Conversely, participants who were interested in becoming a sexual assault forensic examiner because of a sexual assault experience had lower knowledge retention. Participation in a past online course also was associated with a reduction in knowledge retention. DISCUSSION The findings indicate a modest knowledge loss 3 months after the blended learning course. Still, some participants experienced less knowledge retention than others. Postcourse activities such as a brief refresher course may be useful to help these participants maintain their knowledge gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Patterson
- Author Affiliations: School of Social Work, Wayne State University
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