1
|
Bernstein EE, Wolfe EC, Huguenel BM, Wilhelm S. Lessons and Untapped Potential of Smartphone-Based Physical Activity Interventions for Mental Health: Narrative Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e45860. [PMID: 38488834 PMCID: PMC10981024 DOI: 10.2196/45860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has well-known and broad health benefits, including antidepressive and anxiolytic effects. However, only approximately half of Americans meet even the minimum exercise recommendations. Individuals with anxiety, depression, or related conditions are even less likely to do so. With the advent of mobile sensors and phones, experts have quickly noted the utility of technology for the enhanced measurement of and intervention for physical activity. In addition to being more accessible than in-person approaches, technology-driven interventions may uniquely engage key mechanisms of behavior change such as self-awareness. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide a narrative overview and specific recommendations for future research on smartphone-based physical activity interventions for psychological disorders or concerns. METHODS In this paper, we summarized early efforts to adapt and test smartphone-based or smartphone-supported physical activity interventions for mental health. The included articles described or reported smartphone-delivered or smartphone-supported interventions intended to increase physical activity or reduce sedentary behavior and included an emotional disorder, concern, or symptom as an outcome measure. We attempted to extract details regarding the intervention designs, trial designs, study populations, outcome measures, and inclusion of adaptations specifically for mental health. In taking a narrative lens, we drew attention to the type of work that has been done and used these exemplars to discuss key directions to build on. RESULTS To date, most studies have examined mental health outcomes as secondary or exploratory variables largely in the context of managing medical concerns (eg, cancer and diabetes). Few trials have recruited psychiatric populations or explicitly aimed to target psychiatric concerns. Consequently, although there are encouraging signals that smartphone-based physical activity interventions could be feasible, acceptable, and efficacious for individuals with mental illnesses, this remains an underexplored area. CONCLUSIONS Promising avenues for tailoring validated smartphone-based interventions include adding psychoeducation (eg, the relationship between depression, physical activity, and inactivity), offering psychosocial treatment in parallel (eg, cognitive restructuring), and adding personalized coaching. To conclude, we offer specific recommendations for future research, treatment development, and implementation in this area, which remains open and promising for flexible, highly scalable support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emma C Wolfe
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brynn M Huguenel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sabine Wilhelm
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kikkawa M, Shimura A, Nakajima K, Morishita C, Honyashiki M, Tamada Y, Higashi S, Ichiki M, Inoue T, Masuya J. Mediating Effects of Trait Anxiety and State Anxiety on the Effects of Physical Activity on Depressive Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5319. [PMID: 37047935 PMCID: PMC10094143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that physical activity can prevent the onset of depression and reduces anxiety. In the present study, the hypothesis that total physical activity time influences depressive symptoms via state and trait anxiety was tested by a path analysis. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires were used to survey 526 general adult volunteers from April 2017 to April 2018. Demographic information, physical activity, and state and trait anxiety were investigated. RESULTS The association between physical activity time and depressive symptoms was expressed as a U-shape curve. The results of the covariance structure analysis showed that differences from the optimal physical activity time (DOT) had direct positive effects on state and trait anxiety. DOT affected depressive symptoms only via trait anxiety, and this was a complete mediation model. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that an optimal physical activity time exists for depressive symptoms. The path model demonstrated an association between the three factors of optimal physical activity time, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms, and the effect was fully mediated by trait anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kikkawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0004, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0004, Japan
| | - Chihiro Morishita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Mina Honyashiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yu Tamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji-shi 193-0998, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Higashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ichiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
The emerging field of sports psychiatry has been developing steadily in recent years. This is not just a health concern but is likely to impact sporting performance and achievement significantly. An overview of sports psychiatry is provided. Psychiatric disorders of all varieties can and do present in sporting populations. Sports psychiatry keeps evolving to drive forward the importance of good mental health in sport as in life.
Collapse
|
4
|
Battaglia S, Orsolini S, Borgomaneri S, Barbieri R, Diciotti S, di Pellegrino G. Characterizing cardiac autonomic dynamics of fear learning in humans. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14122. [PMID: 35671393 PMCID: PMC9787647 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding transient dynamics of the autonomic nervous system during fear learning remains a critical step to translate basic research into treatment of fear-related disorders. In humans, it has been demonstrated that fear learning typically elicits transient heart rate deceleration. However, classical analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) fail to disentangle the contribution of parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, and crucially, they are not able to capture phasic changes during fear learning. Here, to gain deeper insight into the physiological underpinnings of fear learning, a novel frequency-domain analysis of heart rate was performed using a short-time Fourier transform, and instantaneous spectral estimates extracted from a point-process modeling algorithm. We tested whether spectral transient components of HRV, used as a noninvasive probe of sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanisms, can dissociate between fear conditioned and neutral stimuli. We found that learned fear elicited a transient heart rate deceleration in anticipation of noxious stimuli. Crucially, results revealed a significant increase in spectral power in the high frequency band when facing the conditioned stimulus, indicating increased parasympathetic (vagal) activity, which distinguished conditioned and neutral stimuli during fear learning. Our findings provide a proximal measure of the involvement of cardiac vagal dynamics into the psychophysiology of fear learning and extinction, thus offering new insights for the characterization of fear in mental health and illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battaglia
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity of BolognaCesenaItaly
| | - Stefano Orsolini
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information EngineeringUniversity of BolognaCesenaItaly
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity of BolognaCesenaItaly
| | - Riccardo Barbieri
- Department of Electronics, Information and BioengineeringPolitecnico di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Stefano Diciotti
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information EngineeringUniversity of BolognaCesenaItaly
| | - Giuseppe di Pellegrino
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity of BolognaCesenaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen JW, Guan Y, Zheng YL, Zhu K. Research trends and frontiers in exercise for movement disorders: A bibliometric analysis of global research from 2010 to 2021. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:977100. [PMID: 36158546 PMCID: PMC9491729 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.977100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo conduct a bibliometric analysis of trends and frontiers on exercise-based non-pharmacological treatments for movement disorders published between 2010 and 2021.MethodsThe Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database was searched for articles published between 2010 and 2021. The CiteSpace software was used for in-depth analysis of the countries, institutions, journals, and collaboration networks among authors and their types of articles, developmental directions, references, and hot keywords of published articles.ResultsA total of 2,626 published articles were retrieved by search formula and included in the analysis. The number of publications fluctuated during this period, with 96 countries, 3,058 institutions, and 886 academic journals having published articles in this area, with subject classifications that focused on Clinical Neurology and Neurosciences. The United States has maintained its dominant and most influential position in exercise-based non-pharmacological research on movement disorders. Among research institutions and journals, the League of European Research Universities and Movement Disorders journals published the highest number of academic articles. In the last five years, the hot research topics by burst keyword analysis, are focused on treatments, research advances, and clinical treatments.ConclusionResearch on exercise-based non-pharmacological treatments for movement disorders is generally on the rise from 2010 to 2021. The bibliometric analysis of this area will help provide potential collaborations among researchers, frontiers, and directions for development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Chen
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Guan
- Shanghai Sports University Library, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Li Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-Li Zheng,
| | - Kun Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Kun Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cabello-Manrique D, Lorente JA, Padial-Ruz R, Puga-González E. Play Badminton Forever: A Systematic Review of Health Benefits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9077. [PMID: 35897446 PMCID: PMC9330062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) engagement has multiple benefits for individual general health at all ages and life stages. The present work focuses on badminton, which is one of the most popular sports worldwide. The aim was to conduct a systematic review focused on examining and analysing this sport and the benefits it brings to the health of those who engage in it. Examination was conducted from the viewpoint of overall health and provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art as presented in published scientific literature. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were adhered to. An exhaustive search was conducted of four electronic databases or search engines: Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. The search terms used were "badminton AND health" and "badminton AND benefits". In total, 27 studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. After analysing the results, it was concluded that badminton engagement may lead to an improvement in all areas, the most studied being those related to physical health, in particular the improvement of cardiac and pulmonary functions and the development of basic physical capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Cabello-Manrique
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.C.-M.); (J.A.L.); (E.P.-G.)
| | - Juan Angel Lorente
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.C.-M.); (J.A.L.); (E.P.-G.)
| | - Rosario Padial-Ruz
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Puga-González
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.C.-M.); (J.A.L.); (E.P.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pang L. Mood state and eye movement of college students before and after exercise. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Fox J, Erlandsson LK, Shiel A. A systematic review and narrative synthesis of occupational therapy-led interventions for individuals with anxiety and stress-related disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/0164212x.2018.1516172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Fox
- Discipline of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Agnes Shiel
- Discipline of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Clarke SC, Cooper NR, Rana M, Mackintosh B. Cognitive Interpretation Bias: The Effect of a Single Session Moderate Exercise Protocol on Anxiety and Depression. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1363. [PMID: 30135665 PMCID: PMC6092562 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Research conducted within the cognitive bias modification (CBM) paradigm has revealed that cognitive biases such as negative cognitive interpretation biases contribute to mental health disorders such as anxiety (Beard, 2011). It has been shown that exercise reduces anxiety (Ensari et al., 2015). Exercise has also been found to reduce negative cognitive attention biases (Tian and Smith, 2011), however, no research to date has investigated the effect of exercise on cognitive interpretation bias. The key aims of the current project is to investigate whether moderate exercise reduces self-reported symptoms of depression and stress. Additionally, to establish which intensity of exercise is required to achieve anxiety reduction and reduce an individual's negative cognitive interpretation biases. Study 1 recruited a healthy sample of adult participants who were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: a walking exercise protocol or a control condition (n = 2 × 12). Participants completed anxiety and cognitive interpretation bias measures before and after the walking exercise or control condition. Those in the walking exercise condition presented less symptoms of trait anxiety on a measure of state and trait anxiety inventory (STAI), compared to controls relative to baseline measures following the intervention. Study 2 recruited frequent exercisers who were assigned to an exercise or control group (n = 2 × 24). Participants completed anxiety, depression, psychological stress, and cognitive interpretation bias measures before and after the exercise or control condition. Following the intervention, negative interpretation biases decreased in the exercise group and stayed stable in the control group. The exercise group also had significantly decreased anxiety, depression, and stress measures after the exercise condition, while controls did not. The research concludes that CBM holds promise for the management of mood disorders and exercise is an effective accompaniment to psychotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Séraphine C. Clarke
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Edwards MK, Loprinzi PD. Experimental effects of brief, single bouts of walking and meditation on mood profile in young adults. Health Promot Perspect 2018; 8:171-178. [PMID: 30087839 PMCID: PMC6064756 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2018.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To examine the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise and meditation on mood state among young adults. Methods: Participants (N= 66, mean age = 21.3 years) were randomly assigned to walk,meditate, or sit (control) for 10 minutes. Participants’ mood state was monitored before and after the intervention using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. Results: Significant group x time interaction effects were observed for the POMS composite scores (P=0.05). When evaluating three POMS sub scales separately (depression/dejection,anger/hostility, and fatigue/inertia), only fatigue/inertia was found to have a significant group x time effect (P=0.04). Post hoc paired t tests revealed that fatigue/inertia sub scale scores significantly decreased from baseline to post-intervention in both the exercise (P=0.03) and meditation (P<0.001) groups. However, POMS composite scores decreased significantly in the meditation group (P<0.001) but not in the exercise group (P=0.10). Conclusion: A 10-minute bout of brisk walking and meditation both improved mood state,when compared to an inactive control group. A single bout of brisk walking or meditation may offer suitable strategies to improve mood state among young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K Edwards
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hallam KT, Bilsborough S, de Courten M. "Happy feet": evaluating the benefits of a 100-day 10,000 step challenge on mental health and wellbeing. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:19. [PMID: 29361921 PMCID: PMC5781328 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased awareness of the health benefits of walking has emerged with the development and refinement of accelerometer equipment. Evidence is beginning to highlight the value of promoting walking, particularly focusing on the Japanese mark of obtaining 10,000 steps per day. Workplace based step challenges have become popular to engage large cohorts in increasing their daily physical activity in a sustainable and enjoyable way. Findings are now highlighting the positive health effects of these medium-term programs (typically conducted over a few months) in terms of cardiovascular health, reducing diabetes risk and improving lifestyle factors such as weight and blood pressure. As yet, research has not focused on whether similar improvements in psychological health and wellbeing are present. METHODS This study investigated the impact of a 100-day, 10,000 step program on signs of depression, anxiety and stress as well as general wellbeing using standardised psychological scales. RESULTS The results indicated a small but consistent effect on all of these measures of mental health over the term of the program. This effect appeared irrespective of whether a person reached the 10,000 step mark. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight improved mental health and wellbeing in people undertaking this 100-day 10,000 step program and indicates the efficacy and potential of these programs for a modest, yet important improvement in mental health. Notably, targets reached may be less important than participation itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. T. Hallam
- 0000 0001 0396 9544grid.1019.9Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia ,Outlook Matters, Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S. Bilsborough
- Stepathlon Private Limited, No. 2B 25E, Lorette Ville, Ground Floor, Village Bandra, Santacruz West, Main Avenue, Mumbai, India
| | - M. de Courten
- 0000 0001 0396 9544grid.1019.9Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ekkekakis P, Murri MB. Exercise as antidepressant treatment: Time for the transition from trials to clinic? Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2017; 49:A1-A5. [PMID: 29173370 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martino Belvederi Murri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ekkekakis P, Murri MB. Exercise as antidepressant treatment: Time for the transition from trials to clinic? Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2017; 49:1. [PMID: 29122144 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martino Belvederi Murri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, L.go Rosanna Benzi, 10, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Edwards MK, Loprinzi PD. Experimentally increasing sedentary behavior results in increased anxiety in an active young adult population. J Affect Disord 2016; 204:166-73. [PMID: 27351099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge regarding the effects of sedentary behavior on anxiety has resulted mainly from observational studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a free-living, sedentary behavior-inducing randomized controlled intervention on anxiety symptoms. METHODS Participants confirmed to be active (i.e., acquiring 150min/week of physical activity) via self-report and accelerometry were randomly assigned into a sedentary behavior intervention group (n=26) or a control group (n=13). For one week, the intervention group eliminated exercise and minimized steps to ≤5000 steps/day whereas the control group continued their normal physical activity levels. Both groups completed the Overall Anxiety Severity Impairment Scale (OASIS) pre- and post-intervention, with higher OASIS scores indicating worse overall anxiety. The intervention group resumed normal physical activity levels for one week post-intervention and then completed the survey once more. RESULTS A significant group x time interaction effect was observed (F(1,37)=11.13; P=.002), with post-hoc contrast tests indicating increased OASIS scores in the intervention group in Visit 2 compared with Visit 1. That is, we observed an increase in anxiety levels when participants increased their sedentary behavior. OASIS scores significantly decreased from Visit 2 to Visit 3 (P=.001) in the intervention group. CONCLUSION A one-week sedentary behavior-inducing intervention has deleterious effects on anxiety in an active, young adult population. To prevent elevated anxiety levels among active individuals, consistent regular physical activity may be necessary. Clinicians treating inactive patients who have anxiety may recommend a physical activity program in addition to any other prescribed treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K Edwards
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, MS, United States
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, MS, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Edwards MK, Loprinzi PD. Effects of a Sedentary Behavior-Inducing Randomized Controlled Intervention on Depression and Mood Profile in Active Young Adults. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:984-98. [PMID: 27492908 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of a free-living, sedentary behavior-inducing randomized controlled intervention on depression and mood profile. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants who were confirmed to be active via self-report and accelerometry were randomly assigned to either a sedentary behavior intervention group (n=26) or a control group (n=13) by using a 2:1 sample size ratio for intervention and control groups. The intervention group was asked to eliminate all exercise and minimize steps to 5000 or less steps/d for 1 week, whereas the control group was asked to continue normal physical activity levels for 1 week. Both groups completed a depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and mood (Profile of Moods States) survey preintervention and immediately postintervention. The intervention group was asked to resume normal physical activity levels for 1 week postintervention and then completed the assessments for a third time. All data collection occurred between September 1, 2015, and December 1, 2015. RESULTS Patient Health Questionnaire-9 group × time interaction analysis revealed that depression scores significantly increased from visit 1 to visit 2 (F=11.85; P=.001). Paired t tests comparing depression scores from visit 2 to visit 3 exhibited a significant decrease from visit 2 to visit 3 (P<.001). Profile of Moods States group × time interaction analysis paralleled depression results; mood scores significantly increased from visit 1 to visit 2 (F=10.03; P=.003) and significantly decreased from visit 2 to visit 3 (P<.001). CONCLUSION A 1-week sedentary behavior-inducing intervention has deleterious effects on depression and mood. To prevent mental health decline in active individuals, consistent regular physical activity may be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K Edwards
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Center for Health Behavior Research, The University of Mississippi, University
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Center for Health Behavior Research, The University of Mississippi, University.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jain P, Aprajita, Jain P, Kumar Jain A, Babbar R. Influence of Affective Changes on Behavioral and Cognitive Performances After Acute Bout of Exhaustive Exercise. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of acute, exhaustive, exercise on affective responses (affective valence and activation) and behavioral and cognitive performances in medical students using circumplex model, reaction time (RT), and P300, respectively. Twelve healthy, untrained, male medical students participated in self-controlled, counterbalanced trial conducted over two sessions: baseline and exercise. In the baseline session, recordings of auditory reaction time (ART), visual RT (VRT), and P300 latency and amplitude (using acoustic “oddball” paradigm) were taken at the end of 15 min seated rest. Exercise session comprised of continuous maximal graded incremental exercise until volitional exhaustion, on a computer-based motorized treadmill and recordings done after heart rate returned to within +10% of pre-exercise values. Perceived exertion, affective valence, and activation were assessed pre-exercise, during (30 s before the end of each stage), and post-exercise (immediately, 5 and 10 min after) by Borg’s scale, feeling scale (FS), and felt-arousal scale (FAS), respectively. There was marked variability in individual affective responses to a single bout of exhaustive exercise with few subjects showing activated pleasure (Energetic Arousal) and others showing activated displeasure (Tense arousal). The results further indicated an overall improvement in behavioral (as evidenced by the decrease in ART and VRT) and cognitive performances (as evidenced by increase in the P300 amplitude and decrease in the P300 latency) in medical students in the exercise session relative to the baseline session despite bidirectional shifts in valence suggesting that interdependent neural systems might mediate these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Jain
- Department of Physiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Aprajita
- Department of Physiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Peeyush Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Jain
- Department of Physiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Babbar
- Department of Physiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sylvia LG, Friedman ES, Kocsis JH, Bernstein EE, Brody BD, Kinrys G, Kemp DE, Shelton RC, McElroy SL, Bobo WV, Kamali M, McInnis MG, Tohen M, Bowden CL, Ketter TA, Deckersbach T, Calabrese JR, Thase ME, Reilly-Harrington NA, Singh V, Rabideau DJ, Nierenberg AA. Association of exercise with quality of life and mood symptoms in a comparative effectiveness study of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:722-727. [PMID: 23993440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with bipolar disorder lead a sedentary lifestyle associated with worse course of illness and recurrence of symptoms. Identifying potentially modifiable predictors of exercise frequency could lead to interventions with powerful consequences on the course of illness and overall health. METHODS The present study examines baseline reports of exercise frequency of bipolar patients in a multi-site comparative effectiveness study of a second generation antipsychotic (quetiapine) versus a classic mood stabilizer (lithium). Demographics, quality of life, functioning, and mood symptoms were assessed. RESULTS Approximately 40% of participants reported not exercising regularly (at least once per week). Less frequent weekly exercise was associated with higher BMI, more time depressed, more depressive symptoms, and lower quality of life and functioning. In contrast, more frequent exercise was associated with experiencing more mania in the past year and more current manic symptoms. LIMITATIONS Exercise frequency was measured by self-report and details of the exercise were not collected. Analyses rely on baseline data, allowing only for association analyses. Directionality and predictive validity cannot be determined. Data were collected in the context of a clinical trial and thus, it is possible that the generalizability of the findings could be limited. CONCLUSION There appears to be a mood-specific relationship between exercise frequency and polarity such that depression is associated with less exercise and mania with more exercise in individuals with bipolar disorder. This suggests that increasing or decreasing exercise could be a targeted intervention for patients with depressive or mood elevation symptoms, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James H Kocsis
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael E Thase
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Vivek Singh
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jazaieri H, Goldin PR, Werner K, Ziv M, Gross JJ. A randomized trial of MBSR versus aerobic exercise for social anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychol 2012; 68:715-31. [PMID: 22623316 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective treatments for social anxiety disorder (SAD) exist, but additional treatment options are needed for nonresponders as well as those who are either unable or unwilling to engage in traditional treatments. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is one nontraditional treatment that has demonstrated efficacy in treating other mood and anxiety disorders, and preliminary data suggest its efficacy in SAD as well. METHOD Fifty-six adults (52% female; 41% Caucasian; age mean [M] ± standard deviation [SD]: 32.8 ± 8.4) with SAD were randomized to MBSR or an active comparison condition, aerobic exercise (AE). At baseline and post-intervention, participants completed measures of clinical symptoms (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Perceived Stress Scale) and subjective well-being (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, and UCLA-8 Loneliness Scale). At 3 months post-intervention, a subset of these measures was readministered. For clinical significance analyses, 48 healthy adults (52.1% female; 56.3% Caucasian; age [M ± SD]: 33.9 ± 9.8) were recruited. MBSR and AE participants were also compared with a separate untreated group of 29 adults (44.8% female; 48.3% Caucasian; age [M ± SD]: 32.3 ± 9.4) with generalized SAD who completed assessments over a comparable time period with no intervening treatment. RESULTS A 2 (Group) x 2 (Time) repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) on measures of clinical symptoms and well-being were conducted to examine pre-intervention to post-intervention and pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up. Both MBSR and AE were associated with reductions in social anxiety and depression and increases in subjective well-being, both immediately post-intervention and at 3 months post-intervention. When participants in the randomized controlled trial were compared with the untreated SAD group, participants in both interventions exhibited improvements on measures of clinical symptoms and well-being. CONCLUSION Nontraditional interventions such as MBSR and AE merit further exploration as alternative or complementary treatments for SAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooria Jazaieri
- Stanford University, Department of Psychology, 420 Jordan Hall, Room 430, Stanford, CA 94305-2130, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health condition and frequently co-occur with a variety of health risk factors, such as physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. As such, untreated anxiety and increased risk for engagement in these health risk habits can further increase risk for later-onset chronic disease and complications in disease management. Contemporary studies have identified unique temporal relationships between the onset of specific anxiety disorders with smoking and alcohol use disorders. Incorporating exercise with evidence-based treatments for anxiety is emerging and promising in enhancing treatments for anxiety-related conditions. Likewise, substance use treatment programs may benefit from the detection and management of anxiety. Collaborative care models for anxiety may provide the needed systems-based approach for treating anxiety more effectively in primary and specialty care medical settings. Based on a qualitative review of the literature, this article summarizes the current research on the associations between anxiety, health risk factors, and the risk for chronic diseases. The authors also offer suggestions for future research that would help in better understanding the complex relationships between the role anxiety plays in the vulnerability for and management of physical inactivity and substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig N. Sawchuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (CNS)
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (BOO)
| | - Bunmi O. Olatunji
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (CNS)
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (BOO)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Barnes RT, Coombes SA, Armstrong NB, Higgins TJ, Janelle CM. Evaluating attentional and affective changes following an acute exercise bout using a modified dot-probe protocol. J Sports Sci 2010; 28:1065-76. [PMID: 20686994 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2010.489196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A large body of literature advocates exercise as a successful intervention for increasing positive affect while also reducing negative affect and anxiety. Questions concerning the mechanisms driving these effects remain unanswered, particularly considering theorized attentional adaptations that may be elicited by acute exercise bouts. We investigated pre- and post-exercise attentional bias to examine possible attentional explanations that may account for these reported changes in affect. On separate visits to the laboratory, 30 high trait anxious participants completed 30 min of exercise on a cycle ergometer at 70% of their heart rate reserve, or completed a 30-min quiet rest protocol. During each intervention, pre-test and post-test modified dot-probe assessments of attentional bias were completed, as were a series of self-report anxiety and affect questionnaires. Attentional bias scores and reaction times were calculated. Post-exercise dot probe performance did not vary significantly as a function of the affective valence of presented stimuli. As hypothesized, however, positive affect and reaction time improved significantly following exercise compared with the pre- and post-rest conditions and the pre-exercise condition, suggesting that exercise facilitates a broadening of attentional scope. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed within the context of traditional and contemporary theories of dispositional affect and state-specific emotional responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Barnes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0164, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Depressive disorders are highly prevalent and are a leading cause of disability, morbidity, and mortality worldwide; however, they often remain undertreated or untreated. This article provides a broad overview of the many strategies for treating depression. More than 24 antidepressant medications and depression-focused psychotherapies are available as first-choice options for treating depression. When patients have not had a satisfactory treatment response, the 2 main strategies are switching to an alternative antidepressant therapy or adding a second antidepressant therapy. A large number of medication combinations have been reported in the literature, and some have been shown to be effective in controlled studies. Nonstandard alternatives to conventional antidepressant treatments include exercise, light therapy, sleep deprivation, and various complementary and alternative therapies. For more chronic and refractory forms of depression, various neuromodulation therapies are available or are being investigated. Because depressive disorders are common in primary care and other medical settings, medical practitioners should be aware of the therapeutic armamentarium available for treating depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Howland
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dallocchio C, Arbasino C, Klersy C, Marchioni E. The effects of physical activity on psychogenic movement disorders. Mov Disord 2010; 25:421-5. [PMID: 20108357 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychogenic movement disorders (PMD) are a diagnostic fascinating challenge in both neurologic and psychiatric setting. Many factors influence response to treatment, but few treatment strategies are available. Physical activity proves to be effective in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders, but the effects of regular walking exercise on patients with PMD have never been investigated in a single-blind study. Sixteen outpatients [13 women; mean age 33.0 years (range 22-51)] with primarily mild-to-moderate PMD completed a thrice-weekly, 12-weeks mild walking program. Assessments included DSM-IV interview, the Psychogenic Movement Disorder Rating Scale (PMDRS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS), V02 Max, and body mass index (BMI). Changes in total score on the PMDRS were the primary endpoint. A comparison of all measures taken at study onset and after completing the exercise program indicates statistically significant improvements. We observed a relevant improvement in 10 of 16 patients (62%). The mean difference for the primary outcome (PMDRS total) corresponded to about 70%. Compliance was good, and there were no adverse effects. This study provides preliminary evidence for regular low-medium intensity exercise as a safe, adequate, and pleasing intervention for PMD. Furthermore, well-designed studies appear justified to confirm these findings.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lambert R, Caan W, McVicar A. Influences of lifestyle and general practice (GP) care on the symptom profile of people with panic disorder. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2008. [DOI: 10.1108/17465729200800011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment guidelines for anxiety disorders, including panic disorder (PD), recommend either medication or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). There is currently a call through the Layard Report for significant investment to increase the availability of CBT resources. However, there are reported limitations to both medication and CBT in the treatment of anxiety, and it appears prudent to consider additional methods of treatment that may offer effective interventions. One such intervention is based around the evidence of altered sensitivity within a number of physiological body systems in anxiety patients (particularly those with PD), all of which are influenced in their function by habitual lifestyle behaviours. A randomised controlled trial compared a 16‐week occupational therapy‐led lifestyle intervention and routine general practice (GP) care for PD. At 20 weeks, 14 symptoms with ‘moderate’ to ‘very severe’ ratings were assessed in 36 GP and 31 lifestyle‐intervention patients. Composite symptom profiles, similar at baseline, were produced. The GP intervention produced modest improvements in most symptoms. The lifestyle intervention overall produced greater symptomatic relief (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, P= 0.008). The physiological and cognitive symptom profile also changed more with lifestyle intervention. Occupational therapists have developed their interventions based on their understanding of everyday occupation. Habitual lifestyle behaviours are characterised as being recurrent elements of everyday occupation and are, therefore, legitimate targets for occupational therapy interventions. They provide a vehicle through which to encourage patients to regain understanding and control of their own anxiety symptoms.
Collapse
|