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Ben Hassine T, García-Carrasco JM, Sghaier S, Thabet S, Lorusso A, Savini G, Hammami S. Epidemiological Analyses of the First Incursion of the Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8 in Tunisia, 2021-2022. Viruses 2024; 16:362. [PMID: 38543728 PMCID: PMC10974811 DOI: 10.3390/v16030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a non-contagious arthropod-transmitted viral disease and a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)-listed disease of domestic and wild ruminants since 2008. EHDV is transmitted among susceptible animals by a few species of midges of genus Culicoides. During the fall of 2021, a large outbreak caused by the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), identified as serotype 8, was reported in Tunisian dairy and beef farms with Bluetongue virus (BTV)-like clinical signs. The disease was detected later in the south of Italy, in Spain, in Portugal and, more recently, in France, where it caused severe infections in cattle. This was the first evidence of EHDV-8 circulation outside Australia since 1982. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological situation of the 2021-2022 EHDV outbreaks reported in Tunisia, providing a detailed description of the spatiotemporal evolution of the disease. We attempted to identify the eco-climatic factors associated with infected areas using generalized linear models (GLMs). Our results demonstrated that environmental factors mostly associated with the presence of C. imicola, such as digital elevation model (DEM), slope, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and night-time land surface temperature (NLST)) were by far the most explanatory variables for EHD repartition cases in Tunisia that may have consequences in neighboring countries, both in Africa and Europe through the spread of infected vectors. The risk maps elaborated could be useful for disease control and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thameur Ben Hassine
- General Directorate of Veterinary Services, Regional Commissary for Agricultural Development of Nabeul, Nabeul 8000, Tunisia
| | - José-María García-Carrasco
- Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Lab, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain or
| | - Soufien Sghaier
- Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), Subregional Office for North Africa, les Berges du Lac 1, Tunis 1053, Tunisia;
| | - Sarah Thabet
- Institut de la RechercheVétérinaire de Tunisie, Tunis 1006, Tunisia;
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Salah Hammami
- École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet (ENMV), Service de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Pathologie Générale, Université de la Manouba, Tunis 2020, Tunisia;
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Navarro Mamani DA, Ramos Huere H, Vera Buendia R, Rojas M, Chunga WA, Valdez Gutierrez E, Vergara Abarca W, Rivera Gerónimo H, Altamiranda-Saavedra M. Would Climate Change Influence the Potential Distribution and Ecological Niche of Bluetongue Virus and Its Main Vector in Peru? Viruses 2023; 15:v15040892. [PMID: 37112872 PMCID: PMC10145190 DOI: 10.3390/v15040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arbovirus that is transmitted between domestic and wild ruminants by Culicoides spp. Its worldwide distribution depends on competent vectors and suitable environmental ecosystems that are becoming affected by climate change. Therefore, we evaluated whether climate change would influence the potential distribution and ecological niche of BTV and Culicoides insignis in Peru. Here, we analyzed BTV (n = 145) and C. insignis (n = 22) occurrence records under two shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios (SSP126 and SSP585) with five primary general circulation models (GCMs) using the kuenm R package v.1.1.9. Then, we obtained binary presence–absence maps and represented the risk of transmission of BTV and niche overlapping. The niche model approach showed that north and east Peru presented suitability in the current climate scenario and they would have a decreased risk of BTV, whilst its vector would be stable and expand with high agreement for the five GCMs. In addition, its niche overlap showed that the two niches almost overlap at present and would completely overlap with one another in future climate scenarios. These findings might be used to determine the areas of highest priority for entomological and virological investigations and surveillance in order to control and prevent bluetongue infections in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A. Navarro Mamani
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología—Sección Virología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru
- Correspondence:
| | - Heydi Ramos Huere
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología—Sección Virología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Renzo Vera Buendia
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología—Sección Virología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Miguel Rojas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Wilfredo Arque Chunga
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Metaxenicas y Zoonosis Bacterianas, Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Edgar Valdez Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Sanidad Animal “M.V. Atilio Pacheco Pacheco”, Escuela Profesional de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco 08681, Peru
| | - Walter Vergara Abarca
- Laboratorio de Sanidad Animal “M.V. Atilio Pacheco Pacheco”, Escuela Profesional de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco 08681, Peru
| | - Hermelinda Rivera Gerónimo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología—Sección Virología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Mariano Altamiranda-Saavedra
- Grupo de Investigación Bioforense, Tecnológico de Antioquia Institución Universitaria, Medellín 050005, Colombia
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Cuervo PF, Artigas P, Lorenzo-Morales J, Bargues MD, Mas-Coma S. Ecological Niche Modelling Approaches: Challenges and Applications in Vector-Borne Diseases. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8040187. [PMID: 37104313 PMCID: PMC10141209 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose a major threat to human and animal health, with more than 80% of the global population being at risk of acquiring at least one major VBD. Being profoundly affected by the ongoing climate change and anthropogenic disturbances, modelling approaches become an essential tool to assess and compare multiple scenarios (past, present and future), and further the geographic risk of transmission of VBDs. Ecological niche modelling (ENM) is rapidly becoming the gold-standard method for this task. The purpose of this overview is to provide an insight of the use of ENM to assess the geographic risk of transmission of VBDs. We have summarised some fundamental concepts and common approaches to ENM of VBDS, and then focused with a critical view on a number of crucial issues which are often disregarded when modelling the niches of VBDs. Furthermore, we have briefly presented what we consider the most relevant uses of ENM when dealing with VBDs. Niche modelling of VBDs is far from being simple, and there is still a long way to improve. Therefore, this overview is expected to be a useful benchmark for niche modelling of VBDs in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fernando Cuervo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Patricio Artigas
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Av. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38203 La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - María Dolores Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIII, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Sana K, Soufien S, Thameur BH, Liana T, Massimo S, Kaouther G, Raja G, Haikel H, Bassem BHM, Wiem K, Monia L, Ameni BS, Naouel F, Anissa D, Mehdi BA, Sarah T, Chedia S, Giovanni S, Salah H. Risk-based serological survey of bluetongue and the first evidence of bluetongue virus serotype 26 circulation in Tunisia. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1671-1682. [PMID: 35510402 PMCID: PMC9297743 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bluetongue (BT), a vector-borne disease of wild and domestic ruminants, is responsible for severe economic losses in flocks. To reduce this impact, a surveillance and control plan was implemented in Tunisia. However, the epidemiological situation of BT remains incompletely understood, especially for the circulating serotypes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this survey was to determine the seroprevalence, to identify the circulating serotypes and to identify the associated risk factors for bluetongue virus (BTV) circulation in Tunisia using risk-based sampling (RBS). METHODS A total of 3314 blood samples were randomly collected from 67 sectors using risk-based sampling and screened by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (c-ELISAs). Out of the 1330 positive samples, 200 samples were analysed by serum neutralization test (SNT) to identify circulating BTV serotypes. RESULTS Of 3314 sera, 1330 were c-ELISA-positive (40.1%) for antibodies against the BTV structural protein VP7. The result of SNT showed the presence of BTV-1, BTV-2, BTV-3, BTV-4 and, for the first time in Tunisia, BTV-26. The logistic regression model revealed that older animals had nearly two times the odds of being infected with BTV compared to younger animals. Flocks with a history of BT were almost 1.5 times more likely to be at risk for contracting BTV infection. The flock size, housing indoors and intensive production system were significant protective factors. CONCLUSIONS High seroprevalence of BTV among sheep was highlighted in Tunisia. The neutralization test showed the presence of the following BTV serotypes: BTV-1, BTV-2, BTV-3, BTV-4 and, for the first time in Tunisia, BTV-26. Age, production system and flock size were important variables associated with BTV infection in sheep. This finding is crucial, as it will allow the adjustment of the BT control programme in Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalthoum Sana
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sghaier Soufien
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Hassine Thameur
- Direction Générale des Services Vétérinaires, Commissariat Régional au Développement Agricole de Nabeul, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Teodori Liana
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise Giuseppe Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - Spedicato Massimo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise Giuseppe Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - Guesmi Kaouther
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gharbi Raja
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajlaoui Haikel
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bel Haj Mohamed Bassem
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khalfaoui Wiem
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lachtar Monia
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Salem Ameni
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatnassi Naouel
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dhaouadi Anissa
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Ali Mehdi
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thabet Sarah
- Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Seghaier Chedia
- National Centre of Zoosanitary Vigilance, Ministère de L'agriculture et des Ressources Hydrauliques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Savini Giovanni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise Giuseppe Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - Hammami Salah
- Service de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Pathologie Générale, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Tunisia Universitè de la Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
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