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Kharnaf M, Abplanalp WA, Young C, Sprague C, Rosenfeldt L, Smith R, Wang D, Palumbo JS, Morales DLS. Unmasking the Impact of Oxygenator Induced Hypocapnia on Blood Lactate in Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. ASAIO J 2024:00002480-990000000-00443. [PMID: 38483814 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000002191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is often associated with disturbances in acid/base status that can be triggered by the underlying pathology or the ECMO circuit itself. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is known to cause hypocapnia, but the impact of reduced partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) on biomarkers of tissue perfusion during veno-arterial (VA)-ECMO has not been evaluated. To study the impact of low pCO2 on perfusion indices in VA-ECMO, we placed Sprague-Dawley rats on an established VA-ECMO circuit using either an oxygen/carbon dioxide mixture (O2 95%, CO2 5%) or 100% O2 delivered through the oxygenator (n = 5 per cohort). Animals receiving 100% O2 developed a significant VA CO2 difference (pCO2 gap) and rising blood lactate levels that were inversely proportional to the decrease in pCO2 values. In contrast, pCO2 gap and lactate levels remained similar to pre-ECMO baseline levels in animals receiving the O2/CO2 mixture. More importantly, there was no significant difference in venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) between the two groups, suggesting that elevated blood lactate levels observed in the rats receiving 100% O2 were a response to oxygenator induced hypocapnia and alkaline pH rather than reduced perfusion or underlying tissue hypoxia. These findings have implications in clinical and experimental extracorporeal support contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Kharnaf
- From the The Heart Institute, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
| | - William A Abplanalp
- From the The Heart Institute, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Courtney Young
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Division of Hematology,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Cassandra Sprague
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Division of Hematology,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Leah Rosenfeldt
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Division of Hematology,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Reanna Smith
- ECMO Program, Patient Services Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Joseph S Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Division of Hematology,Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
| | - David L S Morales
- From the The Heart Institute, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio
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Yu PK, Mehnert A, Dickson JB, Qambari H, Balaratnasingam C, Cringle S, Darcey D, Yu DY. Quantitative study of spatial and temporal variation in retinal capillary network perfusion in rat eye by in vivo confocal imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18923. [PMID: 37919331 PMCID: PMC10622421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction is the underlying pathological process in many systemic diseases. However, investigation into its pathogenesis is impeded by the accessibility and complexity of the microvasculature within different organs, particularly for the central nervous system. The retina as an extension of the cerebrum provides a glimpse into the brain through which the microvasculature can be observed. Two major questions remain unanswered: How do the microvessels regulate spatial and temporal delivery to satisfy the varying cellular demands, and how can we quantify blood perfusion in the 3D capillary network? Here, quantitative measurements of red blood cell (RBC) speed in each vessel in the field were made in the in vivo rat retinal capillary network using an ultrafast confocal technique with fluorescently labelled RBCs. Retinal RBC speed and number were found to vary remarkably between microvessels ranging from 215 to 6641 microns per second with significant variations spatially and temporally. Overall, the RBC speed was significantly faster in the microvessels in the superficial retina than in the deep retina (estimated marginal means of 2405 ± 238.2 µm/s, 1641 ± 173.0 µm/s respectively). These observations point to a highly dynamic nature of microvasculature that is specific to its immediate cellular environment and is constantly changing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kun Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Mehnert
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Hassanain Qambari
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen Cringle
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Dean Darcey
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Dao-Yi Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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3
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Piel S, Janowska JI, Ward JL, McManus MJ, Jose JS, Starr J, Sheldon M, Clayman CL, Elmér E, Hansson MJ, Jang DH, Karlsson M, Ehinger JK, Kilbaugh TJ. Succinate prodrugs in combination with atropine and pralidoxime protect cerebral mitochondrial function in a rodent model of acute organophosphate poisoning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20329. [PMID: 36434021 PMCID: PMC9700731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides account for hundreds of millions of cases of acute poisoning worldwide each year, with organophosphates (OPs) being responsible for the majority of all pesticide-related deaths. OPs inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which leads to impairment of the central- and peripheral nervous system. Current standard of care (SOC) alleviates acute neurologic-, cardiovascular- and respiratory symptoms and reduces short term mortality. However, survivors often demonstrate significant neurologic sequelae. This highlights the critical need for further development of adjunctive therapies with novel targets. While the inhibition of AChE is thought to be the main mechanism of injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and resulting metabolic crisis may contribute to the overall toxicity of these agents. We hypothesized that the mitochondrially targeted succinate prodrug NV354 would support mitochondrial function and reduce brain injury during acute intoxication with the OP diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). To this end, we developed a rat model of acute DFP intoxication and evaluated the efficacy of NV354 as adjunctive therapy to SOC treatment with atropine and pralidoxime. We demonstrate that NV354, in combination with atropine and pralidoxime therapy, significantly improved cerebral mitochondrial complex IV-linked respiration and reduced signs of brain injury in a rodent model of acute DFP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Piel
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Joanna I. Janowska
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J. Laurenson Ward
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Meagan J. McManus
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Joshua S. Jose
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jonathan Starr
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Malkah Sheldon
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Carly L. Clayman
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eskil Elmér
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,Abliva AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus J. Hansson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,Abliva AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - David H. Jang
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michael Karlsson
- grid.475435.4Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johannes K. Ehinger
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Todd J. Kilbaugh
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
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Okata S, Hoshina K, Hanada K, Kamata H, Fujisawa A, Yoshikawa Y, Sakai T. Hemostatic capability of a novel tetra-polyethylene glycol hydrogel. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 84:398-404. [PMID: 35257910 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES TetraStat is a tetra-armed polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel. It is a synthetic sealant that solidifies instantly in response to pH changes. This study aimed to evaluate the hemostatic effect of TetraStat through experiments evaluating future clinical applications. METHODS We used TetraStat, oxidized regenerated cellulose (SURGICEL®), and fibrinogen and thrombin sealant patch (TachoSil®) using in vitro and in vivo experiments. For the in vitro experiment, a closed circulatory system filled with phosphate-buffered saline under high pressure was used. Needle punctures were created and closed using the various sealants. For the in vivo experiment, rat venae cavae were punctured with 18- and 20-gauge (G) needles, and hemorrhage was allowed to occur for several seconds. A porous PEG sponge soaked with TetraStat was applied as a hemostatic system. Hemostasis outcomes were compared among the various concentrations (40-100 g/L) of TetraStat, SURGICEL, and TachoSil. RESULTS The punctured holes in the prosthetic graft were successfully sealed with TetraStat in 1 min. The success rate of hemostasis with TetraStat for the punctured holes in the rat vena cava was dose-dependent. TetraStat was effective in sealing the holes created with a 20 G needle at all concentrations; however, the holes created with an 18 G needle could be sealed only when the concentration ≥60 g/L. Hemostasis using SURGICEL or TachoSil was less successful and sometimes required up to 5 min. CONCLUSIONS TetraStat has a high hemostatic ability. A porous PEG sponge soaked with TetraStat is a useful choice for effective hemostasis during massive hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Okata
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hoshina
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Hanada
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamata
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Fujisawa
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Villasana K, Quintero W, Montero Y, Pino C, Uzcategui O, Torres G, Prada M, Pozo L, Bauta W, Jimenez W. Effect of an ionic antineoplastic agent Cytoreg on blood chemistry in a Wistar rat model. Med Gas Res 2021; 12:18-23. [PMID: 34472498 PMCID: PMC8447950 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.324592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoreg is an ionic therapeutic agent comprising a mixture of hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrofluoric, oxalic, and citric acids. In diluted form, it has demonstrated efficacy against human cancers in vitro and in vivo. Although Cytoreg is well tolerated in mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs by oral and intravenous administration, its mechanism of action is not documented. The acidic nature of Cytoreg could potentially disrupt the pH and levels of ions and dissolved gases in the blood. Here, we report the effects of the intravenous administration of Cytoreg on the arterial pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures, and bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations. Our results demonstrate that Cytoreg does not disturb the normal blood pH, ion levels, or carbon dioxide content, but increases oxygen levels in rats. These data are consistent with the excellent tolerability of intravenous Cytoreg observed in rabbits, and dogs. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the University of the Andes, Venezuela (CEBIOULA) (approval No. 125) on November 3, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiusca Villasana
- Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Pathology, University of the Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - William Quintero
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | | - Cristian Pino
- Department of Technical and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Oscar Uzcategui
- Department of Technical and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Geizon Torres
- Vitalis, Clinical Laboratory, Smart Health Laboratory, Merida, Venezuela
| | - Mariangel Prada
- Vitalis, Clinical Laboratory, Smart Health Laboratory, Merida, Venezuela
| | - Lewis Pozo
- Cytorex de Venezuela SA, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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BLOOD GASES AND ELECTROLYTES UNDER USE OF MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES IN BLOOD LOSS. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2021-3-77-194-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Xu L, Chockalingam A, Stewart S, Shea K, Matta MK, Narayanasamy S, Pilli NR, Volpe DA, Weaver J, Zhu H, Davis MC, Rouse R. Developing an animal model to detect drug-drug interactions impacting drug-induced respiratory depression. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:188-197. [PMID: 32021808 PMCID: PMC6994827 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids and benzodiazepines were frequently co-prescribed to patients with pain and psychiatric or neurological disorders; however, co-prescription of these drugs increased the risk for severe respiratory depression and death. Consequently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration added boxed label warnings describing this risk for all opioids and benzodiazepines. Sedating psychotropic drugs with differing mechanisms of action (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics, etc.) may be increasingly prescribed in place of benzodiazepines. Despite being marketed for years, many sedating psychotropic drugs have neither human nor animal data that quantify or qualify the potential for causing respiratory depression, either alone or in combination with an opioid. In this study, diazepam was selected as the benzodiazepine to detect any additive or synergistic effects on respiratory depression caused by the opioid, oxycodone. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted at three doses with oxycodone (6.75, 60, 150 mg/kg) and with diazepam (2, 20, 200 mg/kg). Dose dependent decrease in arterial partial pressure of oxygen and increase in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide were observed with oxycodone. Diazepam caused similar partial pressure changes only at the highest dose. Further decreases in arterial partial pressure of oxygen and increases in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide consistent with exacerbated respiratory depression were observed in rats co-administered oxycodone 150 mg/kg and diazepam 20 mg/kg. These findings confirm previous literature reports of exacerbated opioid-induced respiratory depression with benzodiazepine and opioid co-administration and support the utility of this animal model for assessing opioid-induced respiratory depression and its potential exacerbation by co-administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashok Chockalingam
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharron Stewart
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine Shea
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Murali K. Matta
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanasamy
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nageswara R. Pilli
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna A. Volpe
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - James Weaver
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael C. Davis
- Division of Psychiatry Products, Office of Drug Evaluation I, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney Rouse
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Extended recording of LMA in rats: Effects of IV catheters, "comfort jackets" and chamber lids on arterial blood gas parameters. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 99:106594. [PMID: 31158458 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The standard infrared photobeam locomotor activity system has been used extensively in neurobiology and neuropharmacology to study the functional impact of direct manipulations of the nervous system. There is interest in using the activity monitors to assess the early stages of drug withdrawal in rodents. In a standard twice-daily dosing strategy animals would be dosed at 6:00 am and 5:00 pm for 15 to 30 days. There is interest in using the chambers to assess the early stages of the discontinuation syndrome. Placement of the rodents into the chambers following the scheduled sham or vehicle last dose of a 15- to 30-day subchronic dosing regimen (b.i.d., t.i.d., etc.) and monitoring overnight allows for a quantitative measure of the initial physiological homeostatic acclimation period during the lights-out period. By using the chambers there is no circadian dysrhythmia induced as an experimental confound and objectively verifiable data is generated during the period expected to correspond with the plasma drug levels approaching zero and the onset of discontinuation syndrome. We demonstrated that untreated "normal" rats showed a normal decelerating time-effect curve over the 12-hour monitoring period that was not compromised by restricted access to food and water. Arterial blood gas monitoring before and after 12 h of night-time activity chamber monitoring clearly demonstrated normal respiratory function with no clinical signs of any blood gas-based diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction.
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9
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Kim JW, Alfafara AMD, Kim HY, Kim SY, Kim SJ. Effects of pH alteration on the pathogenesis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Bone 2019; 122:45-51. [PMID: 30738857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An acidic environment has been recognized to increase catabolic activities and inhibit osteoblastic deposition, and also exhibited in the pathogenesis of various bone diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of systemic and local pH alteration in the pathogenesis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). MATERIAL AND METHODS Initially, MRONJ was induced in 54 Sprague-Dawley rats via subcutaneous bisphosphonate injections, once a week for 8 weeks. A week prior to bisphosphonate termination, surgical intervention was performed and rats were divided into 3 groups-alkalotic, acidic and control group, wherein each received NaHCO3, NH4Cl and normal saline, respectively for 8 weeks. Upon sacrifice, blood was sent for arterial blood pH analysis and their mandibles were subjected to histomorphometric and μCT analyses. ONJ was histologically defined as necrotic bone persisting for eight weeks after surgical intervention. RESULTS Each intervention exemplified its expected outcome wherein each group exhibited a borderline alkalotic (7.43 ± 0.05) and acidic state (7.27 ± 37), respectively (P < 0.05). Acidic group showed a higher occurrence of MRONJ (95%) compared to that of alkalotic group (60%) and control (76.9%). Histomorphometric and microstructural evaluation revealed that acidic group presented deteriorated bone architectures with significantly higher necrotic bone fraction, clusters of empty lacunae, N.Oc/B.Pm and lower B.Ar./T.Ar, BV/TV, Tb.Th (P < 0.05). Alkalotic group showed possible protective effects against ONJ versus acidic group, however these trends were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS An acidic milieu aggravated ONJ development in an animal model. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the exact role of acid-base balance in MRONJ pathogenesis and possible benefits of alkali supplementation for the prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Angenine Marie D Alfafara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Kim
- Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jong Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Svorc P, Petrasova D, Svorc Jr P. Chronobiological study of sex differences in the internal environment in zoletil-anaesthetized rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1564577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Svorc
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Safarik’s University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Petrasova
- Laboratory of Research Bio-models, Medical Faculty Safarik’s University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Svorc Jr
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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11
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SVORC P, PETRÁŠOVÁ D, SVORC P. Arterial pH and Blood Gas Values in Rats Under Three Types of General Anesthesia: a Chronobiological Study. Physiol Res 2018; 67:721-728. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of study was to review the status of arterial pH, pO2 and pCO2 under general anesthesias in dependence on the light-dark (LD) cycle in spontaneously breathing rats. The experiments were performed using three- to four-month-old pentobarbital(P)-, ketamine/xylazine(K/X)- and zoletil(Z)-anesthetized female Wistar rats after a four-week adaptation to an LD cycle (12 h light:12 h dark). The animals were divided into three experimental groups according to the anesthetic agent used: P (light n=11; dark n=8); K/X (light n=13; dark n=11); and Z (light n=18; dark n=26). pH and blood gases from arterial blood were analyzed. In P anesthesia, LD differences in pH, pO2, and pCO2 were eliminated. In K/X anesthesia, parameters showed significant LD differences. In Z anesthesia, LD differences were detected for pH and pO2 only. Acidosis, hypoxia, and hypercapnia have been reported for all types of anesthesia during the light period. In the dark period, except for P anesthesia, the environment was more stable and values fluctuated within normal ranges. From a chronobiological perspective, P anesthesia was not the most appropriate type of anesthesia in these rat experiments. It eliminated LD differences, and also produced a more acidic environment and more pronounced hypercapnia than K/X and Z anesthesias.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. SVORC
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Safarik’s University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Laughlin BW, Bailey IR, Rice SA, Barati Z, Bogren LK, Drew KL. Precise Control of Target Temperature Using N 6-Cyclohexyladenosine and Real-Time Control of Surface Temperature. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2018; 8:108-116. [PMID: 29480748 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2017.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted temperature management is standard of care for cardiac arrest and is in clinical trials for stroke. N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), an A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) agonist, inhibits thermogenesis and induces onset of hibernation in hibernating species. Despite promising thermolytic efficacy of CHA, prior work has failed to achieve and maintain a prescribed target core body temperature (Tb) between 32°C and 34°C for 24 hours. We instrumented Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 19) with indwelling arterial and venous cannulae and a transmitter for monitoring Tb and ECG, then administered CHA via continuous IV infusion or intraperitoneal (IP) injection. In the first experiment (n = 11), we modulated ambient temperature and increased the dose of CHA in an attempt to manage Tb. In the second experiment (n = 8), we administered CHA (0.25 mg/[kg·h]) via continuous IV infusion and modulated cage surface temperature to control Tb. We rewarmed animals by increasing surface temperature at 1°C h-1 and discontinued CHA after Tb reached 36.5°C. Tb, brain temperature (Tbrain), heart rate, blood gas, and electrolytes were also monitored. Results show that titrating dose to adjust for individual variation in response to CHA led to tolerance and failed to manage a prescribed Tb. Starting with a dose (0.25 mg/[kg·h]) and modulating surface temperature to prevent overcooling proved to be an effective means to achieve and maintain Tb between 32°C and 34°C for 24 hours. Increasing surface temperature to 37°C during CHA administration brought Tb back to normothermic levels. All animals treated in this way rewarmed without incident. During the initiation of cooling, we observed bradycardia within 30 minutes of the start of IV infusion, transient hyperglycemia, and a mild hypercapnia; the latter normalized via metabolic compensation. In conclusion, we describe an intravenous delivery protocol for CHA at 0.25 mg/(kg·h) that, when coupled with conductive cooling, achieves and maintains a prescribed and consistent target Tb between 32°C and 34°C for 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard W Laughlin
- 1 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics , Fairbanks, Alaska.,2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics , Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - Isaac R Bailey
- 1 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics , Fairbanks, Alaska.,2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics , Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - Sarah A Rice
- 1 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics , Fairbanks, Alaska.,2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics , Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - Zeinab Barati
- 1 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics , Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - Lori K Bogren
- 1 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics , Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - Kelly L Drew
- 1 Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics , Fairbanks, Alaska.,2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks College of Natural Science and Mathematics , Fairbanks, Alaska
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Nakada Y, Canseco DC, Thet S, Abdisalaam S, Asaithamby A, Santos CX, Shah AM, Zhang H, Faber JE, Kinter MT, Szweda LI, Xing C, Hu Z, Deberardinis RJ, Schiattarella G, Hill JA, Oz O, Lu Z, Zhang CC, Kimura W, Sadek HA. Hypoxia induces heart regeneration in adult mice. Nature 2016; 541:222-227. [DOI: 10.1038/nature20173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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