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Prosswimmer T, Nick SE, Bryers JD, Daggett V. Designed De Novo α-Sheet Peptides Destabilize Bacterial Biofilms and Increase the Susceptibility of E. coli and S. aureus to Antibiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7024. [PMID: 39000131 PMCID: PMC11241457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated microbes are 10-1000 times less susceptible to antibiotics. An emerging treatment strategy is to target the structural components of biofilm to weaken the extracellular matrix without introducing selective pressure. Biofilm-associated bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, generate amyloid fibrils to reinforce their extracellular matrix. Previously, de novo synthetic α-sheet peptides designed in silico were shown to inhibit amyloid formation in multiple bacterial species, leading to the destabilization of their biofilms. Here, we investigated the impact of inhibiting amyloid formation on antibiotic susceptibility. We hypothesized that combined administration of antibiotics and α-sheet peptides would destabilize biofilm formation and increase antibiotic susceptibility. Two α-sheet peptides, AP90 and AP401, with the same sequence but inverse chirality at every amino acid were tested: AP90 is L-amino acid dominant while AP401 is D-amino acid dominant. For E. coli, both peptides increased antibiotic susceptibility and decreased the biofilm colony forming units when administered with five different antibiotics, and AP401 caused a greater increase in all cases. For S. aureus, increased biofilm antibiotic susceptibility was also observed for both peptides, but AP90 outperformed AP401. A comparison of the peptide effects demonstrates how chirality influences biofilm targeting of gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus. The observed increase in antibiotic susceptibility highlights the role amyloid fibrils play in the reduced susceptibility of bacterial biofilms to specific antibiotics. Thus, the co-administration of α-sheet peptides and existing antibiotics represents a promising strategy for the treatment of biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatum Prosswimmer
- Molecular Engineering Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sarah E. Nick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - James D. Bryers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Valerie Daggett
- Molecular Engineering Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
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Olsen M, Goldsworthy A, Nassar R, Senok A, Albastaki A, Lee ZZ, Abraham S, Alghafri R, Tajouri L, McKirdy S. Ultraviolet-C-Based Mobile Phone Sanitisation for Global Public Health and Infection Control. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1876. [PMID: 37630437 PMCID: PMC10456618 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mobile phones act as fomites that pose a global public health risk of disseminating microorganisms, including highly pathogenic strains possessing antimicrobial resistances. The use of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) to sanitise mobile phones presents an alternative means to complement basic hand hygiene to prevent the cross-contamination and dissemination of microorganisms between hands and mobile phones. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the germicidal efficacy of the Glissner CleanPhone UV-C phone sanitiser (Glissner) device. METHODS Two experimental trials were performed for the evaluation of the CleanPhone (Glissner). The first was a controlled trial, where the germicidal efficacy of the CleanPhone was evaluated against six different microorganism species that were inoculated onto mobile phones. The second was a field trial evaluating the germicidal efficacy of the CleanPhone on 100 volunteer mobile phones. Efficacy was determined based on colony counts of microorganisms on Columbia sheep blood agar before and after UV-C treatment. RESULTS In the controlled trial, reduction in growth was observed for all microorganisms after UV-C treatment with ST131 Escherichia coli showing the highest growth reduction at 4 log10 CFU/mL followed by C. albicans and ATCC E. coli at 3 log10 CFU/mL. An overall reduction in microorganism growth after UV-C treatment was also observed for the field trial, with an average growth reduction of 84.4% and 93.6% in colony counts at 24 h and 48 h post-incubation, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrated the capability of the CleanPhone (Glissner) to rapidly sanitise mobile phones, thereby providing a means to reduce the potential dissemination of microorganisms, including highly pathogenic strains with antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Olsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Adrian Goldsworthy
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Rania Nassar
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdullah Albastaki
- Dubai Police Scientists Council, Dubai Police, Dubai P.O. Box 1493, United Arab Emirates
- General Department of Forensic Sciences and Criminology, Dubai Police, Dubai P.O. Box 1493, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zheng Z. Lee
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Rashed Alghafri
- General Department of Forensic Sciences and Criminology, Dubai Police, Dubai P.O. Box 1493, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Lotti Tajouri
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD 4226, Australia
- Dubai Police Scientists Council, Dubai Police, Dubai P.O. Box 1493, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Simon McKirdy
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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Rahman S, Sarkar K, Das AK. Exploring staphylococcal superantigens to design a potential multi-epitope vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus: an in-silico reverse vaccinology approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13098-13112. [PMID: 36729064 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2171138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a horrifying bacteria capable of causing millions of deaths yearly across the globe. A major contribution to the success of S. aureus as an ESKAPE pathogen is the abundance of virulence factors that can manipulate the innate and adaptive immune system of the individual. Currently, no vaccine is available to treat S. aureus-mediated infections. In this study, we present in-silico approaches to design a stable, safe and immunogenic vaccine that could help to control the infections associated with the bacteria. Three vital pathogenic secreted toxins of S. aureus, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), Toxic-shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), were selected using the reverse vaccinology approach to design the multi-epitope vaccine (MEV). Linear B-lymphocyte, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and helper T-lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes were predicted from these selected proteins. For designing the multi-epitope vaccine (MEV), B-cell epitopes were joined with the KK linker, CTL epitopes were joined with the AAY linker, and HTL epitopes were joined with the GPGPG linker. Finally, to increase the immune response to the vaccine, a human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3) adjuvant was added to the N-terminus of the MEV construct. The final MEV was found to be antigenic and non-allergen in nature. In-silico immune simulation and cloning analysis predicted the immune-stimulating potential of the designed MEV construct along with the cloning feasibility in the pET28a(+) vector with the E. coli expression system. This immunoinformatics study provides a platform for designing a suitable, safe and effective vaccine against S. aureus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakilur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Kasturi Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Chua WC, Rahman SA, Deris ZZ. Prevalence, Risk Factors and Microbiological Profile of Orthopaedic Surgical Site Infection in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia. Malays Orthop J 2022; 16:94-103. [PMID: 36589372 PMCID: PMC9791909 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2211.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The devastating outcome of orthopaedic surgical site infections (SSI) are largely preventable if its risk factors, causative organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in the regional area are known. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective study to address the lack of epidemiological and microbiological data on orthopaedic SSI in Malaysia. All the 80 patients diagnosed and treated for microbiologically proven orthopaedic SSIs in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia from April 2015 to March 2019 were included in a 1:2 case control study. Results The prevalence of SSI in clean and clean-contaminated surgeries was 1.243%, which is consistent with most of the studies worldwide, but is low compared to other studies done in Malaysia. The most common type of orthopaedics SSI were internal fixation infections (46.25%), superficial SSIs (25.2%) and Prosthetic joint infections (18.75%). Obesity and tobacco use were found to be significant risk factors of orthopaedic SSI. The most common perioperative prophylaxis used was IV cefuroxime. Majority of the cases (86.5%) received prolonged prophylactic antibiotics. The most common causative agent was Staphylococcus aureus (31.25%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.25%) and Enterobacter spp (7.5%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounted for 20% of the S. aureus infections. Up to 19.4% of the Gram-negative organisms are multidrug resistant. The higher rate of isolation of organisms resistant to the prophylactic antibiotics being used may be related to the prolonged use of prophylactic antibiotics, which exerted selective pressure for the acquisition of resistant organisms. Conclusion Despite its relatively low prevalence in our local institution and worldwide, the prevention of SSI in orthopaedic practice is crucial to avoid morbidity, mortality and high healthcare cost. This may be achieved by control of modifiable risk factors such as obesity and tobacco use, appropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics and implementation of good surgical and infection control practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- WC Chua
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - SA Rahman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - ZZ Deris
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia,Corresponding Author: Zakuan Zainy Deris, Department Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia ;
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Vallavan V, Krishnasamy G, Zin NM, Abdul Latif M. A Review on Antistaphylococcal Secondary Metabolites from Basidiomycetes. Molecules 2020; 25:E5848. [PMID: 33322256 PMCID: PMC7764641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a rich source of secondary metabolites with several pharmacological activities such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer to name a few. Due to the large number of diverse structured chemical compounds they produce, fungi from the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Muccoromycota have been intensively studied for isolation of bioactive compounds. Basidiomycetes-derived secondary metabolites are known as a promising source of antibacterial compounds with activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The continued emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major challenge to patient health as it leads to higher morbidity and mortality, higher hospital-stay duration and substantial economic burden in global healthcare sector. One of the key culprits for AMR crisis is Staphylococcus aureus causing community-acquired infections as the pathogen develops resistance towards multiple antibiotics. The recent emergence of community strains of S. aureus harbouring methicillin-resistant (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) genes associated with increased virulence is challenging. Despite the few significant developments in antibiotic research, successful MRSA therapeutic options are still needed to reduce the use of scanty and expensive second-line treatments. This paper provides an overview of findings from various studies on antibacterial secondary metabolites from basidiomycetes, with a special focus on antistaphylococcal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimalah Vallavan
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutics & Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (V.V.); (N.M.Z.)
| | - Getha Krishnasamy
- Bioactivity Program, Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong 52109, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noraziah Mohamad Zin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutics & Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (V.V.); (N.M.Z.)
| | - Mazlyzam Abdul Latif
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
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Che Hamzah AM, Yeo CC, Puah SM, Chua KH, Chew CH. Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Malaysia: A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of the Clinical Isolates, 1990-2017. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E128. [PMID: 31454985 PMCID: PMC6784215 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen and its multidrug resistant strains, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), poses a serious threat to public health due to its limited therapeutic options. The increasing MRSA resistance towards vancomycin, which is the current drug of last resort, gives a great challenge to the treatment and management of MRSA infections. While vancomycin resistance among Malaysian MRSA isolates has yet to be documented, a case of vancomycin resistant S. aureus has been reported in our neighboring country, Indonesia. In this review, we present the antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. aureus clinical isolates in Malaysia with data obtained from the Malaysian National Surveillance on Antimicrobial Resistance (NSAR) reports as well as various peer-reviewed published records spanning a period of nearly three decades (1990-2017). We also review the clonal types and characteristics of Malaysian S. aureus isolates, where hospital-associated (HA) MRSA isolates tend to carry staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type III and were of sequence type (ST)239, whereas community-associated (CA) isolates are mostly SCCmec type IV/V and ST30. More comprehensive surveillance data that include molecular epidemiological data would enable further in-depth understanding of Malaysian S. aureus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainal Mardziah Che Hamzah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chew Chieng Yeo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suat Moi Puah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ching Hoong Chew
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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7
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Kamaruzzaman NF, Tan LP, Hamdan RH, Choong SS, Wong WK, Gibson AJ, Chivu A, Pina MDF. Antimicrobial Polymers: The Potential Replacement of Existing Antibiotics? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2747. [PMID: 31167476 PMCID: PMC6600223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is now considered a major global challenge; compromising medical advancements and our ability to treat infectious disease. Increased antimicrobial resistance has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases worldwide. The lack of discovery of novel compounds from natural products or new classes of antimicrobials, encouraged us to recycle discontinued antimicrobials that were previously removed from routine use due to their toxicity, e.g., colistin. Since the discovery of new classes of compounds is extremely expensive and has very little success, one strategy to overcome this issue could be the application of synthetic compounds that possess antimicrobial activities. Polymers with innate antimicrobial properties or that have the ability to be conjugated with other antimicrobial compounds create the possibility for replacement of antimicrobials either for the direct application as medicine or implanted on medical devices to control infection. Here, we provide the latest update on research related to antimicrobial polymers in the context of ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens. We summarise polymer subgroups: compounds containing natural peptides, halogens, phosphor and sulfo derivatives and phenol and benzoic derivatives, organometalic polymers, metal nanoparticles incorporated into polymeric carriers, dendrimers and polymer-based guanidine. We intend to enhance understanding in the field and promote further work on the development of polymer based antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Locked bag 36, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Li Peng Tan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Locked bag 36, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Ruhil Hayati Hamdan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Locked bag 36, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Siew Shean Choong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Locked bag 36, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Weng Kin Wong
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Amanda Jane Gibson
- Royal Veterinary College, Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Alexandru Chivu
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Maria de Fatima Pina
- Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Products Agency, 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London E14 4PU, UK.
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Kamaruzzaman NF, Tan LP, Mat Yazid KA, Saeed SI, Hamdan RH, Choong SS, Wong WK, Chivu A, Gibson AJ. Targeting the Bacterial Protective Armour; Challenges and Novel Strategies in the Treatment of Microbial Biofilm. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1705. [PMID: 30217006 PMCID: PMC6164881 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria continues to be the primary challenge to humanity. Antimicrobial resistance and microbial biofilm formation in part, lead to treatment failures. The formation of biofilms by nosocomial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) on medical devices and on the surfaces of infected sites bring additional hurdles to existing therapies. In this review, we discuss the challenges encountered by conventional treatment strategies in the clinic. We also provide updates on current on-going research related to the development of novel anti-biofilm technologies. We intend for this review to provide understanding to readers on the current problem in health-care settings and propose new ideas for new intervention strategies to reduce the burden related to microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Li Peng Tan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Khairun Anisa Mat Yazid
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Ruhil Hayati Hamdan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Siew Shean Choong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Weng Kin Wong
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Alexandru Chivu
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Amanda Jane Gibson
- Royal Veterinary College, Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.
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Noordin A, Sapri HF, Mohamad Sani NA, Leong SK, Tan XE, Tan TL, Mohamad Zin N, Neoh HM, Hussin S. Antimicrobial resistance profiling and molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a Malaysian teaching hospital. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1476-1481. [PMID: 27902380 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The annual prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Malaysia has been estimated to be 30 % to 40 % of all S. aureus infections. Nevertheless, data on the antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Malaysian MRSAs remain few. In 2009, we collected 318 MRSA strains from various wards of our teaching hospital located in Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia, and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing on these strains. The strains were then molecularly characterized via staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec and virulence gene (cna, sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, eta, etb, Panton-Valentine leukocidin and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1) typing; a subset of 49 strains isolated from the intensive care unit was also typed using PFGE. Most strains were found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin (92.5 %), erythromycin (93.4 %) and gentamicin (86.8 %). The majority (72.0 %) of strains were found to harbour SCCmec type III-SCCmercury with the presence of ccrC, and carried the sea+cna gene combination (49.3 %), with cna as the most prevalent virulence gene (94.0 %) detected. We identified four PFGE clusters, with pulsotype C (n=19) as the dominant example in the intensive care unit, where this pulsotype was found to be associated with carriage of SCCmec type III and the sea gene (P=0.05 and P=0.02, respectively). In summary, the dominant MRSA circulating in our hospital in 2009 was a clone that was ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and gentamicin resistant, carried SCCmec type III-SCCmercury with ccrC and also harboured the sea+cna virulence genes. This clone also appears to be the dominant MRSA circulating in major hospitals in Kuala Lumpur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainihayati Noordin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hassriana Fazzila Sapri
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Azirah Mohamad Sani
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shih Kei Leong
- Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Ee Tan
- Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Toh Leong Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraziah Mohamad Zin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Min Neoh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salasawati Hussin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Fischer A, Kambara K, Meyer H, Stenz L, Bonetti EJ, Girard M, Lalk M, Francois P, Schrenzel J. GdpS contributes to Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation by regulation of eDNA release. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:284-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Al-Talib H, Yean CY, Al-Khateeb A, Hasan H, Ravichandran M. Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by a newly developed dry reagent-based polymerase chain reaction assay. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2013; 47:484-90. [PMID: 23927820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen responsible for significant numbers of nosocomial and community-acquired infections worldwide. Molecular diagnosis for MRSA nasal carriers is increasingly important for rapid detection and screening of MRSA colonization because the conventional methods are time consuming and labor intensive. However, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests still require cold-chain storage as well as trained personnel, which makes them unsuitable for rapid high-throughput analysis. The aim of this study was to develop a thermostabilized PCR assay for MRSA in a ready-to-use form that requires no cold chain. METHODS The thermostabilized PCR assay detects the following targets simultaneously: (1) 16S rRNA of the Staphylococcus genus; (2) femA gene specific for S. aureus; (3) mecA gene conferring methicillin resistance; and (4) lukS gene, which encodes the virulent toxin. The thermostabilized PCR incorporates an internal amplification control that helps to verify the presence of PCR inhibitors in samples. PCR reagents and specific primers were lyophilized into a pellet form with an enzyme stabilizer. RESULTS The PCR was validated with 235 nasal swabs specimens and was found to be 100% sensitive and specific. The stability of the thermostabilized PCR was evaluated using the Q10 method and it was found to be stable for approximately 6 months at 24 °C. The limit of detection of thermostabilized PCR assay was determined by probit regression (95% confidence interval) was 10(6) colony forming units at the bacterial cell level and 10 ng of DNA at the genomic DNA level, which is comparable with conventional PCR methods. CONCLUSION A rapid thermostabilized PCR assay that requires minimal pipetting steps and is cold chain-free was developed for detecting MRSA nasal carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassanain Al-Talib
- Laboratory Medical Science Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Alyaa Al-Khateeb
- Medical Sciences Cluster, Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Hasan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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12
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Lim KT, Hanifah YA, Mohd Yusof MY, Ito T, Thong KL. Comparison of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in 2003 and 2008 with an emergence of multidrug resistant ST22: SCCmec IV clone in a tertiary hospital, Malaysia. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2013; 46:224-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Din WM, Jin KT, Ramli R, Khaithir TMN, Wiart C. Antibacterial Effects of Ellagitannins fromAcalypha wilkesianavar.macafeanahort.: Surface Morphology Analysis with Environmental Scanning Electron Microcopy and Synergy with Antibiotics. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1313-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wardah Mustafa Din
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science; The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
| | - Khoo Teng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science; The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
| | - Ramliza Ramli
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Malaysia
| | | | - Christophe Wiart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science; The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
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