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Ding F, Wu J, Liu C, Bian Q, Qiu W, Ma Q, Li X, Long M, Zou X, Chen J. Effect of Xiaoyaosan on Colon Morphology and Intestinal Permeability in Rats With Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1069. [PMID: 32765272 PMCID: PMC7378849 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In our present study, a rat depression model induced by 6 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was established, and we investigated how Xiaoyaosan affects the intestinal permeability of depressed rats and alterations in tight-junction proteins (TJs) involved in this process. Methods The rat depression model was established using CUMS for 6 consecutive weeks. A total of 40 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly sorted into four groups: the control group, CUMS group, Xiaoyaosan group, and fluoxetine group. All groups, excluding the control group, were subjected to the 6-week CUMS program to generate the depression model. Body weight, food intake, and behaviors were observed during the modeling period. Histopathological alterations of colon tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E), and mucus-containing goblet cells were detected by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The ultrastructural morphology of colonic mucosa was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the expression of TJs. The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hypothalamus and colon were also assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Treatment of depressed rats with Xiaoyaosan alleviated depression-like behaviors as demonstrated by increases in the total distance traveled, the number of entries into the central area in the open field test, the duration spent in the central area, and sucrose preference. Xiaoyaosan treatment also increased body weight gain and food intake in depressed rats. Moreover, Xiaoyaosan treatment effectively improved the colonic pathological and ultrastructural changes, upregulated the expression of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in the colon, and increased 5-HT levels in the hypothalamus and colonic mucosa. Conclusions Xiaoyaosan treatment attenuates depression-like behaviors caused by CUMS and ameliorates CUMS-induced abnormal intestinal permeability, which may be associated with the expression of TJs. These results suggest that Xiaoyaosan exerts an antidepressant effect that may be related to an improvement of intestinal barrier function via the brain-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Ding
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglai Bian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Long
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang LJ, Zeng XT, Zhao MJ, He DF, Liu JY, Liu MY. The important effect of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on the risk of depression in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:141. [PMID: 32188408 PMCID: PMC7081537 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression has been recognized as an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD). Moreover, there is interrelationship of both depression and CHD. However, the potential pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. It might be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. According to recent researches, there is potential association between serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism and risk of depression in CHD patients, but the results are still inconclusive. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis based on unadjusted and adjusted data to ascertain a more precise conclusion. Methods We searched relevant articles through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese BioMedical Literature (CBM) and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases up to August 26, 2019. Study selection and data extraction were accomplished by two authors independently. The strength of the correlation was assessed via odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results This meta-analysis enrolled six observational studies. Based on unadjusted data, there was significant relationship between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and depression risk in CHD patients under all genetic models (S vs. L: OR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.07–1.60; SS vs. LL: OR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.12–2.67; LS vs. LL: OR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.13–1.92; LS + SS vs. LL: OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.25–2.09; SS vs. LL + LS: OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.02–1.74). The results of adjusted data further strengthened this relationship (SS vs. LL: OR = 1.89, 95%CI = 1.28–2.80; LS vs. LL: OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.14–2.51; LS + SS vs. LL: OR = 1.80, 95%CI = 1.25–2.59). Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity and major depressive disorder revealed similar results to that of the overall analysis. No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusions Our results suggest that 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may have an important effect on the risk of depression among patients with CHD, and carriers of the S allele of 5-HTTLPR are more vulnerable to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ming-Juan Zhao
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan, China
| | - Dong-Fang He
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jian-Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mei-Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, No. 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Su X, Huang L, Qu Y, Xiao D, Mu D. Pericytes in Cerebrovascular Diseases: An Emerging Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:519. [PMID: 31824267 PMCID: PMC6882740 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are functional components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) that are located around the blood vessels, and their roles in the regulation of cerebral health and diseases has been reported. Currently, the potential properties of pericytes as emerging therapeutic targets for cerebrovascular diseases have attracted considerable attention. Nonetheless, few reviews have comprehensively discussed pericytes and their roles in cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, in this review, we not only summarized and described the basic characteristics of pericytes but also focused on clarifying the new understanding about the roles of pericytes in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases, including white matter injury (WMI), hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, depression, neovascular insufficiency disease, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, we summarized the current therapeutic strategies targeting pericytes for cerebrovascular diseases. Collectively, this review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of pericytes and new insights about the use of pericytes as novel therapeutic targets for cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyi Huang
- West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Wen X, Yu X, Huo R, Yan QX, Wu D, Feng Y, Li Y, Sun X, Li XY, Sun J, Li KX, Li QY, Han LM, Lu XL, Liu Y, Shou W, Li BY. Serotonin-Mediated Cardiac Analgesia via Ah-Type Baroreceptor Activation Contributes to Silent Angina and Asymptomatic Infarction. Neuroscience 2019; 411:150-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abd El-Fattah AA, Fahim AT, Sadik NAH, Ali BM. Resveratrol and dimethyl fumarate ameliorate depression-like behaviour in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Brain Res 2018; 1701:227-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liu M, Wei W, Stone CR, Zhang L, Tian G, Ding JN. Beneficial effects of trimetazidine on expression of serotonin and serotonin transporter in rats with myocardial infarction and depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:787-797. [PMID: 29588593 PMCID: PMC5859911 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s157441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimetazidine is an anti-ischemic drug that can inhibit platelet aggregation and regulate serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) release. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of trimetazidine on 5-HT and serotonin transporter (SERT) expression in experimentally induced myocardial infarction (MI), depression, and MI + depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a trimetazidine group and a saline group of 40 rats each. The trimetazidine group was given trimetazidine pretreatment for 4 weeks, while the saline group received saline for 4 weeks. Both groups were then subdivided into four subgroups (n=10), which were each subjected to a unique disease condition: sham surgery, MI, depression, or MI + depression. All rats were sacrificed 3 days thereafter, and serum and platelet levels of 5-HT and SERT were assessed. In addition, we experimented with trimetazidine posttreatment. Twenty SD rats underwent MI surgery, and were then randomly divided into a treatment and a saline group (n=10 each). For 4 weeks post-surgery, the trimetazidine group was given trimetazidine, while the saline group received saline. Serum and platelet levels of 5-HT and SERT were assessed. RESULTS Pretreatment with trimetazidine: in the nontreatment saline group, MI, depression, and MI + depression showed significant declines (P<0.05) in both serum and platelet 5-HT levels compared to sham. Trimetazidine treatment significantly increased serum and platelet 5-HT levels in the MI, depression, and MI + depression (P<0.05) subgroups compared to their counterparts in the saline group. Results for SERT were heterogeneous between serum and platelets. Trimetazidine treatment significantly decreased serum levels of SERT in the sham surgery subgroup (P<0.05), while significantly increasing levels in depression rats, compared to control (P<0.05). In platelets, trimetazidine significantly decreased SERT in sham surgery, MI, depression, and MI + depression rats, compared to control (P<0.05). This contrast suggests that trimetazidine has opposite effects in serum and platelet SERT levels for the three disease models. Post-surgery trimetazidine: increased serum 5-HT (P<0.05) and serum SERT (P<0.05) were observed, compared to control. In platelets, trimetazidine decreased both 5-HT and SERT compared to control, significantly (P<0.05) for 5-HT, but not significantly for SERT (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Trimetazidine has a regulatory effect on 5-HT and SERT in the serum and platelets. Because of the downstream effects of this regulation on blood vessel function and myocardial protection, trimetazidine may be a therapeutic or preventive agent in several disease processes, including MI, depression, and the comorbidity between these two diseases. Further investigation, aimed at exploring the clinical potential of trimetazidine, is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher R Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Tian
- Department of 4th Cadres Ward, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jessie N Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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7
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Jing FC, Zhang J, Feng C, Nian YY, Wang JH, Hu H, Yang BD, Sun XM, Zheng JY, Yin XR. Potential rat model of anxiety-like gastric hypersensitivity induced by sequential stress. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7594-7608. [PMID: 29204059 PMCID: PMC5698252 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i42.7594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish a rat model of anxiety-like gastric hypersensitivity (GHS) of functional dyspepsia (FD) induced by novel sequential stress.
METHODS Animal pups were divided into two groups from postnatal day 2: controls and the sequential-stress-treated. The sequential-stress-treated group received maternal separation and acute gastric irritation early in life and restraint stress in adulthood; controls were reared undisturbed with their mothers. Rats in both groups were followed to adulthood (8 wk) at which point the anxiety-like behaviors and visceromotor responses to gastric distention (20-100 mmHg) and gastric emptying were tested. Meanwhile, alterations in several anxiety-related brain-stomach modulators including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nesfatin-1 in the rat hippocampus, plasma and gastric fundus and the 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) in the hippocampal CA1 subfield and the mucosa of the gastric fundus were examined.
RESULTS Sequential-stress-treated rats simultaneously demonstrated anxiety-like behaviors and GHS in dose-dependent manner compared with the control group. Although rats in both groups consumed similar amount of solid food, the rate of gastric emptying was lower in the sequential-stress-treated rats than in the control group. Sequential stress significantly decreased the levels of 5-HT (51.91 ± 1.88 vs 104.21 ± 2.88, P < 0.01), GABA (2.38 ± 0.16 vs 5.01 ± 0.13, P < 0.01) and BDNF (304.40 ± 10.16 vs 698.17 ± 27.91, P < 0.01) in the hippocampus but increased the content of nesfatin-1 (1961.38 ± 56.89 vs 1007.50 ± 33.05, P < 0.01) in the same site; significantly decreased the levels of 5-HT (47.82 ± 2.29 vs 89.45 ± 2.61, P < 0.01) and BDNF (257.05 ± 12.89 vs 536.71 ± 20.73, P < 0.01) in the plasma but increased the content of nesfatin-1 in it (1391.75 ± 42.77 vs 737.88 ± 33.15, P < 0.01); significantly decreased the levels of 5-HT (41.15 ± 1.81 vs 89.17 ± 2.31, P < 0.01) and BDNF (226.49 ± 12.10 vs 551.36 ± 16.47, P < 0.01) in the gastric fundus but increased the content of nesfatin-1 in the same site (1534.75 ± 38.52 vs 819.63 ± 38.04, P < 0.01). The expressions of 5-HT1AR in the hippocampal CA1 subfield and the mucosa of the gastric fundus were down-regulated measured by IHC (Optical Density value: Hippocampus 15253.50 ± 760.35 vs 21149.75 ± 834.13; gastric fundus 15865.25 ± 521.24 vs 23865.75 ± 1868.60; P < 0.05, respectively) and WB (0.38 ± 0.01 vs 0.57 ± 0.03, P < 0.01) (n = 8 in each group).
CONCLUSION Sequential stress could induce a potential rat model of anxiety-like GHS of FD, which could be used to research the mechanisms of this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chun Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Baoji People’s Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Yan’an University, Baoji 721000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Nian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Hai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bao-De Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Yun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710077, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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Yang Y, Hu Z, Du X, Davies H, Huo X, Fang M. miR-16 and Fluoxetine Both Reverse Autophagic and Apoptotic Change in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model Rats. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:428. [PMID: 28790887 PMCID: PMC5524920 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the clinic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like Fluoxetine, remain the primary treatment for major depression. It has been suggested that miR-16 regulates serotonin transporters (SERT) via raphe nuclei and hippocampal responses to antidepressants. However, the underlying mechanism and regulatory pathways are still obtuse. Here, a chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) depression model in rats was established, and then raphe nuclei miR-16 and intragastric Fluoxetine injections were administered for a duration of 3 weeks. An open field test and sucrose preference quantification displayed a significant decrease in the CUMS groups when compare to the control groups, however these changes were attenuated by both miR-16 and Fluoxetine treatments. A dual-luciferase reporter assay system verified that hsa-miR-16 inhibitory effects involve the targeting of 3′UTR on the 5-HTT gene. Expression levels of miR-16 and BDNF in the hippocampus were examined with RT-PCR, and it was found that increased 5-HT2a receptor expression induced by CUMS can be decreased by miR-16 and Fluoxetine administration. Immunofluorescence showed that expression levels of neuron NeuN and MAP-2 in CUMS rats were lower. Apoptosis and autophagy levels were evaluated separately through relative expression of Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Beclin-1, and LC3II. Furthermore, CUMS was found to decrease levels of hippocampal mTOR, PI3K, and AKT. These findings indicate that apoptosis and autophagy related pathways could be involved in the effectiveness of antidepressants, in which miR-16 participates in the regulation of, and is likely to help integrate rapid therapeutic strategies to alleviate depression clinically. These findings indicate that miR-16 participates in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy and could account for some part of the therapeutic effect of SSRIs. This discovery has the potential to further the understanding of SSRIs and accelerate the development of new treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Red Cross HospitalHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Henry Davies
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Xue Huo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou, China
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He DF, Ren YP, Liu MY. Effects of Ginseng Fruit Saponins on Serotonin System in Sprague-Dawley Rats with Myocardial Infarction, Depression, and Myocardial Infarction Complicated with Depression. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:2913-2919. [PMID: 27958222 PMCID: PMC5198525 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.195462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies have demonstrated that the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-HT 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) in serum and platelet were associated with depression and myocardial infarction (MI), and pretreatment with ginseng fruit saponins (GFS) before MI and depression had an effect on the 5-HT system. In this study, the effects of GFS on the 5-HT system in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with MI, depression, and MI + depression were evaluated. METHODS A total of eighty SD rats were allocated to four groups: MI, depression, MI + depression, and control groups (n = 20 in each group). Each group included two subgroups (n = 10 in each subgroup): Saline treatment subgroup and GFS treatment subgroup. The levels of 5-HT, 5-HT2AR, and serotonin transporter (SERT) were quantified in serum, platelet lysate, and brain tissue through the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, respectively. RESULTS Compared with those in the saline treatment subgroups, the levels of 5-HT in serum and platelet lysate statistically significantly increased in the GFS treatment subgroups of MI, depression, and MI + depression groups (serum: all P = 0.000; platelet lysate: P = 0.002, 0.000, 0.000, respectively). However, the 5-HT levels in brain homogenate significantly decreased in the GFS treatment subgroups compared with those in the saline treatment subgroups in MI and depression groups (P = 0.025 and 0.044 respectively), and no significant difference was observed between saline and GFS treatment subgroups in MI + depression group (P = 0.663). Compared with that in GFS treatment subgroup of control group, the 5-HT2AR levels in the platelet lysate significantly decreased in GFS treatment subgroups of MI, depression, and MI + depression groups (all P = 0.000). Compared to those in the saline treatment subgroups, the serum SERT levels significantly decreased in the GFS treatment subgroups in MI, depression, and MI + depression groups (P = 0.009, 0.038, and P = 0.001, respectively), while the SERT levels of platelet lysate significantly decreased in GFS treatment subgroup of MI group (P = 0.000), significantly increased in GFS treatment subgroup of depression group (P = 0.019), and slightly changed in GFS treatment subgroup of MI + depression group (P = 0.219). No significant changes for SERT levels in brain homogenate could be found between the saline and GFS treatment subgroups in MI, depression, and MI + depression groups (P = 0.421, 0.076 and P = 0.642). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that GFS might inhibit the reuptake of 5-HT from serum to platelet according to decreased 5-HT2AR in platelet and SERT in serum and platelet. The change of 5-HT in serum after GFS treatment was inconsistent with that in the brain. It seemed that GFS could not pass through the blood-brain barrier to affect the central serotonergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Fang He
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan-Ping Ren
- Geriatric-cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, X'ian, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Mei-Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
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Ren Y, Jia J, Sa J, Qiu LX, Cui YH, Zhang YA, Yang H, Liu GF. Association between N-terminal proB-type Natriuretic Peptide and Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:542-548. [PMID: 28229985 PMCID: PMC5339927 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.200536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While depression and certain cardiac biomarkers are associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the relationship between them remains largely unexplored. We examined the association between depressive symptoms and biomarkers in patients with AMI. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study using data from 103 patients with AMI between March 2013 and September 2014. The levels of depression, N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and troponin I (TnI) were measured at baseline. The patients were divided into two groups: those with depressive symptoms and those without depressive symptoms according to Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) score. Baseline comparisons between two groups were made using Student's t-test for continuous variables, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and Wilcoxon test for variables in skewed distribution. Binomial logistic regression and multivariate linear regression were performed to assess the association between depressive symptoms and biomarkers while adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS Patients with depressive symptoms had significantly higher NT-proBNP levels as compared to patients without depressive symptoms (1135.0 [131.5, 2474.0] vs. 384.0 [133.0, 990.0], Z = -2.470, P = 0.013). Depressive symptoms were associated with higher NT-proBNP levels (odds ratio [OR] = 2.348, 95% CI: 1.344 to 4.103, P = 0.003) and higher body mass index (OR = 1.169, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.016 to 1.345, P = 0.029). The total SDS score was associated with the NT-proBNP level (β= 0.327, 95% CI: 1.674 to 6.119, P = 0.001) after multivariable adjustment. In particular, NT-proBNP was associated with three of the depressive dimensions, including core depression (β = 0.299, 95% CI: 0.551 to 2.428, P = 0.002), cognitive depression (β = 0.320, 95% CI: 0.476 to 1.811, P = 0.001), and somatic depression (β = 0.333, 95% CI: 0.240 to 0.847, P = 0.001). Neither the overall depressive symptomatology nor the individual depressive dimensions were associated with TnI levels. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms, especially core depression, cognitive depression, and somatic depression, were related to high NT-proBNP levels in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Da Yi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China
| | - Jiao Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Da Yi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China
| | - Jian Sa
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Li-Xia Qiu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yue-Hua Cui
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Yue-An Zhang
- Department of Science and Technology, Shanxi Provincial Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Da Yi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China
| | - Gui-Fen Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
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Liu MY, Ren YP, Zhang LJ, Ding JY. Pretreatment with Ginseng Fruit Saponins Affects Serotonin Expression in an Experimental Comorbidity Model of Myocardial Infarction and Depression. Aging Dis 2016; 7:680-686. [PMID: 28053817 PMCID: PMC5198858 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) levels in platelets were up- or down-regulated after myocardial infarction (MI) associated with depression. In this study, we further evaluated the effects of pretreatment with ginseng fruit saponins (GFS) on the expression of 5-HT and 5-HT2AR in MI with or without depression. Eighty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with saline and GFS (n=40 per group). The animals were then randomly divided into four subgroups: sham, MI, depression, and MI + depression (n=10 per subgroup). Protein levels of 5-HT and 5-HT2AR in the serum, platelets and brain tissues were determined with ELISA. The results demonstrated that serum 5-HT levels was significantly increased by GFS pretreatment in all subgroups (except the sham subgroup) when compared with saline-treated counterparts (p<0.01). In platelets, GFS pretreatment significantly increased 5-HT levels in all subgroups when compared with their respective saline-treated counterparts (p<0.01). Brain 5-HT levels also declined with GFS pretreatment in the MI-only and depression-only subgroups (p<0.05 vs. saline pretreatment). With respect to 5-HT2AR levels, platelet 5-HT2AR was decreased in GFS pretreated MI, depression and MI + depression subgroups (p<0.01 vs. saline pretreatment). Similarly, brain 5-HT2AR levels decreased in all four subgroups pretreated with GFS (p<0.01 vs. saline pretreatment). We conclude that GFS plays a clear role in modulating 5-HT and 5-HT2AR expressions after MI and depression. Although the effects of GFS on brain 5-HT remain to be elucidated, its therapeutic potential for comorbidities of acute cardiovascular events and depression appears to hold much promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yan Liu
- 1Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan-Ping Ren
- 2Department of Geriatric-Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- 3Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jamie Y Ding
- 4Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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