1
|
Konisky H, Bowe WP, Yang P, Kobets K. The clinical efficacy and tolerability of a novel triple acid exfoliating blend for reducing signs of photoaging in sensitive skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38807502 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical exfoliation of the skin is a frequently utilized treatment in dermatology to improve the appearance and health of photoaged skin. Photodamaged skin is especially prone to dryness and irritation. Over-exfoliation with at-home products are partially to blame for the "epidemic" of sensitive skin affecting over half the population. Combining AHA, BHA, and PHA together creates a complementary blend that has the potential to target numerous age-related changes in the skin including the appearance of pores and smoothing skin texture, while firming skin and increasing its collagen and moisture content. OBJECTIVES The following study tested the clinical efficacy of a triple acid blend designed specifically for sensitive skin and measured improvements in signs of photodamage and hydration levels in the skin over time. METHODS Thirty females aged 35-60 with mild to moderate facial lines, wrinkles, sun damage, uneven skin tone/texture, dark spots, or pores were enrolled. Subjects were instructed to use the test article, DWB-EN, on a clean face at night 3 times weekly with 48 h between applications for 4 weeks. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements were noted in all parameters of photoaging clinical assessments (wrinkles, pores, overall appearance, luminosity, visible texture, skin tone evenness, hyperpigmentation) at the end of the 4-week study period. There were no instances of skin irritation throughout the duration of this study despite half of the women having sensitive skin. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrated the clinical efficacy and tolerability of DWB-EN for treating photoaging in subjects with all skin types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Konisky
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Whitney P Bowe
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Dr. Whitney Bowe Beauty, Greenwich, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pada Yang
- Dr. Whitney Bowe Beauty, Greenwich, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kseniya Kobets
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang L, Wu W, Lyu L, Tu Y, Gu H, Chen X, Chai Y, Man M, He L. MiRNA-224-5p regulates the defective permeability barrier in sensitive skin by targeting claudin-5. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13720. [PMID: 38743384 PMCID: PMC11093069 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive skin is hypersensitive to various external stimuli and a defective epidermal permeability barrier is an important clinical feature of sensitive skin. Claudin-5 (CLDN5) expression levels decrease in sensitive skin. This study aimed to explore the impact of CLDN5 deficiency on the permeability barrier in sensitive skin and the regulatory role of miRNAs in CLDN5 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 26 patients were retrospectively enrolled, and the CLDN5 expression and permeability barrier dysfunction in vitro were assessed. Then miRNA-224-5p expression was also assessed in sensitive skin. RESULTS Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy revealed reduced CLDN5 expression, increased miR-224-5p expression, and disrupted intercellular junctions in sensitive skin. CLDN5 knockdown was associated with lower transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and Lucifer yellow penetration in keratinocytes and organotypic skin models. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results indicated elevated miR-224-5p expression in sensitive skin; MiR-224-5p directly interacted with the 3`UTR of CLDN5, resulting in CLDN5 deficiency in the luciferase reporter assay. Finally, miR-224-5p reduced TEER in keratinocyte cultures. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the miR-224-5p-induced reduction in CLDN5 expression leads to impaired permeability barrier function, and that miR-224-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for sensitive skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
- Department of DermatologyPeople's Hospital of Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Juan Wu
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Le‐Chun Lyu
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
- Department of PhysiologyKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Hua Gu
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Xiang‐Feng Chen
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Yan‐Jie Chai
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Mao‐Qiang Man
- Dermatology ServiceVeterans Affairs Medical Centerand Department of DermatologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Li He
- Department of DermatologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
- Skin Health Research CenterYunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction LaboratoryKunmingChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Poddar S, Mondal H, Podder I. Aetiology, pathogenesis and management of neuropathic itch: A narrative review with recent updates. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024; 90:5-18. [PMID: 37317726 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_846_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic itch is a relatively common yet under-reported cause of systemic pruritus. It is a debilitating condition often associated with pain, which impairs the patient's quality of life. Although much literature exists about renal and hepatic pruritus, there is a dearth of information and awareness about neuropathic itch. The pathogenesis of neuropathic itch is complex and can result from an insult at any point along the itch pathway, ranging from the peripheral receptors and nerves until the brain. There are several causes of neuropathic itch, many of which do not produce any skin lesions and are thus, often missed. A detailed history and clinical examination are necessary for the diagnosis, while laboratory and radiologic investigations may be needed in select cases. Several therapeutic strategies currently exist involving both non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures, the latter including topical, systemic, and invasive options. Further research is ongoing to clarify its pathogenesis and to design newer targeted therapies with minimal adverse effects. This narrative review highlights the current understanding of this condition, focusing on its causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management, along with newer investigational drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Poddar
- Department of Dermatology, Asansol District Hospital, Asansol, West Bengal, India
| | - Himel Mondal
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Indrashis Podder
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine & Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shu X, Zhao S, Huo W, Tang Y, Zou L, Li Z, Li L, Wang X. Clinical study of a spray containing birch juice for repairing sensitive skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2271-2281. [PMID: 36961534 PMCID: PMC10462575 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive skin is described as an unpleasant sensory response to a stimulus that should not cause a sensation. Sensitive skin affects an increasing proportion of the population. Sixty-seven participants who tested positive to lactic acid sting test were recruited and randomized into two groups to observe the clinical efficacy and safety of a new birch juice spray for repairing sensitive skin. One group used test spray A, while the other group used spray B as a control. Both groups were sprayed six times daily for 28 days. Noninvasive testing instruments were used to measure stratum corneum hydration, sebum content, transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion and current perception threshold before and after using spray. Facial images were captured by VISIA-CR, and the image analysis program (Image-Pro Plus) was used to analyze these to obtain the redness value of the facial skin. Moreover, lactic acid sting test scores and participants' self-assessments were also performed at baseline, week 2 and week 4. Both sprays A and B significantly decreased the lactic acid sting test score, transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion, and redness, while increasing the stratum corneum hydration. Compared to spray B, spray A increased sensory nerve thresholds at 5 Hz and decreased the transepidermal water loss rates, skin blood perfusion, and lactic acid sting test score. Sprays containing birch juice improved cutaneous biophysical properties in participants with sensitive skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Shu
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizhi Zhao
- Yoseido (Shanghai) Cosmetics R&D Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huo
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zou
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Cosmetics Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kerob D, Czermanska A, Karamon EM, Moga A, Lecerf G, Nioré M, Le Dantec G, Le Floc’h C, Tan J. A Dermocosmetic Significantly Reduces the Frequency and Intensity of Facial Skin Intolerability and Sensitivity in Subjects with Skin Intolerant to Skin Care Products and Sensitive Skin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1787-1794. [PMID: 37456802 PMCID: PMC10349597 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s418483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Intolerance to dermocosmetics is frequent in subjects with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). A dermocosmetic (DC) was developed to restore the natural skin barrier, to reduce skin inflammation and to improve sensitive skin in ACD. Objective To assess the benefit of a DC in subjects with an allergic background and intolerance to cosmetic care, or with sensitive skin. Materials and Methods In this open-label study, 107 subjects above 16 years of age applied DC on the face twice a day for 28 days. Assessments at Days 0, 14 and 28, included skin sensitivity, stinging test, local tolerance, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1α, IL-1RA, PGE2) using tape stripping and subject satisfaction. Results 88% were women and mean age was 42.0±15.0 years. Skin sensitivity at inclusion scored 5.9±0.35; 46% had ACD, 95% skin irritation, 92% sensitive skin and 88% intolerance to cosmetics. A significant (p<0.0001) 85% decrease of frequency and intensity of the composite score was observed at both endpoints. Stinging scores significantly (p<0.0001) decreased from 3.9 at baseline to 2.4 at Day 14 and 1.4 at Day 28; 77% and 81% of subjects reported improved skin reactivity at Day 14 and Day 28, respectively. Similar improvements were noted in the frequency and intensity of irritation, erythema, stinging, burning and discomfort. TEWL, skin hydration and inflammatory biomarker levels significantly (p<0.0001) improved. Overall subject satisfaction (85%) and tolerance (investigators: 99%, subjects: 97%) were high. Conclusion DC significantly reduced the frequency and intensity of facial skin intolerability and sensitivity in subjects with skin intolerant to skin care products. Clinicaltrialsgov Identifier NCT05487937.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Kerob
- Scientific Direction, La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, Levallois-Perret, France
| | | | | | - Alain Moga
- QIMA Bioalternatives - Prologue Biotech, Labège, France
| | | | - Margot Nioré
- Scientific Direction, La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Guénaëlle Le Dantec
- Scientific Direction, La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Caroline Le Floc’h
- Scientific Direction, La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Jerry Tan
- Western University, Department of Medicine and Windsor Clinical Research Inc, Windsor, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferreira MS, Sousa Lobo JM, Almeida IF. Sensitive skin: Active ingredients on the spotlight. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 44:56-73. [PMID: 34813665 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sensitive skin is characterized by self-reported sensory perceptions in response to stimuli that should not provoke unpleasant sensations. Cosmetic products for sensitive skin are designed to minimize these symptoms. This study aimed to unveil the most used active ingredients for sensitive skin in facial care products from the pharmacy and parapharmacy channel. METHODS A pool of products from the pharmacy and parapharmacy channel whose label included the expressions 'sensitive skin', 'reactive skin' or 'intolerant skin' were analysed. The active ingredients were identified from product compositions and ranked in descending order of occurrence. The scientific evidence regarding the mechanism of action and efficacy of each ingredient was also compiled. RESULTS Eighty-eight products from 19 multinational brands were included. Niacinamide leads the top, followed by Avena sativa, allantoin, glycyrrhetinic acid and derivatives and Laminaria ochroleuca. Ingredients that can reduce skin inflammation and act on the skin barrier were used in more than half of the products analysed. The clinical studies regarding the active ingredients used in these products remain sparse and lack methodological quality. Among the top ingredients, niacinamide, panthenol and acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester were the only ones studied on volunteers having sensitive skin, while acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester and palmitoyl tripeptide-8 were designed to act on the molecular targets involved in this condition. CONCLUSION This study reveals the most used active ingredients in cosmetic products for sensitive skin, as well as the scientific evidence supporting their efficacy and the mechanisms of action. This insight is meaningful for dermatologists and other health professionals to provide customized advice based on the symptomatology of individuals with sensitive skin, and for the formulation of cosmetic products and design of new active ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M Sousa Lobo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel F Almeida
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chaturvedi P, Worsley PR, Zanelli G, Kroon W, Bader DL. Quantifying skin sensitivity caused by mechanical insults: A review. Skin Res Technol 2021; 28:187-199. [PMID: 34708455 PMCID: PMC9298205 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin sensitivity (SS) is a commonly occurring response to a range of stimuli, including environmental conditions (e.g., sun exposure), chemical irritants (e.g., soaps and cosmetics), and mechanical forces (e.g., while shaving). From both industry and academia, many efforts have been taken to quantify the characteristics of SS in a standardised manner, but the study is hindered by the lack of an objective definition. METHODS A review of the scientific literature regarding different parameters attributed to the loss of skin integrity and linked with exhibition of SS was conducted. Articles included were screened for mechanical stimulation of the skin, with objective quantification of tissue responses using biophysical or imaging techniques. Additionally, studies where cohorts of SS and non-SS individuals were reported have been critiqued. RESULTS The findings identified that the structure and function of the stratum corneum and its effective barrier properties are closely associated with SS. Thus, an array of skin tissue responses has been selected for characterization of SS due to mechanical stimuli, including: transepidermal water loss, hydration, redness, temperature, and sebum index. Additionally, certain imaging tools allow quantification of the superficial skin layers, providing structural characteristics underlying SS. CONCLUSION This review proposes a multimodal approach for identification of SS, providing a means to characterise skin tissue responses objectively. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been suggested as a suitable tool for dermatological research with clinical applications. Such an approach would enhance the knowledge underlying the multifactorial nature of SS and aid the development of personalised solutions in medical and consumer devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pakhi Chaturvedi
- Philips Consumer Lifestyle B.V., Drachten, The Netherlands.,School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter R Worsley
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Giulia Zanelli
- Philips Consumer Lifestyle B.V., Drachten, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco Kroon
- Philips Consumer Lifestyle B.V., Drachten, The Netherlands
| | - Dan L Bader
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pan Y, Ma X, Song Y, Zhao J, Yan S. Questionnaire and Lactic Acid Sting Test Play Different Role on the Assessment of Sensitive Skin: A Cross-sectional Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:1215-1225. [PMID: 34548802 PMCID: PMC8449876 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s325166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Questionnaires and lactic acid sting test (LAST) are two widely used methods to identify sensitive skin. However, the self-perceived sensitive skin by questionnaires was not consistent with the determination of LAST. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to measure the biophysical properties noninvasively of sensitive skin evaluated by questionnaire and LAST and to investigate their correlations with the scores of questionnaire and LAST. METHODS A total of 209 healthy Chinese females completed the study. Self-assessment questionnaire and LAST were both performed to identify sensitive skin. Epidermal biophysical properties, including skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum content, erythema index (EI), a* value, L* value, skin elasticity, and skin pH, were measured with noninvasive instruments. RESULTS The frequency of sensitive skin was 50.2% and 66.0% by questionnaire and LAST, respectively. Subjects with self-assessed sensitive skin had a slightly higher LAST positive rate. Skin hydration, sebum content, a* and EI values were significantly higher in the self-assessed sensitive skin group, while TEWL, a* and EI values increased but L* value decreased with significance in the LAST positive group. The LAST stingers among sensitive skin subjects had higher EI but not in the healthy skin subjects. In addition, questionnaire scores positively correlated with skin hydration, sebum content, a* and EI values, while a positive relationship of LAST scores with TEWL, a* and EI values was observed. The scores of questionnaire and LAST both negatively related to L* value. CONCLUSION Self-assessed questionnaire is associated with sensitive skin featured by oily and red face without impaired barrier function, whereas LAST is suitable to identify fragile skin barrier and enhanced blood flow on the face. Combination of both methods to diagnose sensitive skin might be more reliable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Pan
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Song
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Yan
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brenaut E, Nezet P, Misery L, Legeas C, Roudot AC, Ficheux AS. Use of Cosmetic Products in Real Life by Women with Facial Sensitive Skin: Results from an Exposure Study and Comparison with Controls. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 34:363-374. [PMID: 34392243 DOI: 10.1159/000517525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Triggering factors of sensitive skin are supposed to be physical, chemical (cosmetics, water, and pollutants), and occasionally psychological (stress). A recent meta-analysis showed that the most important triggering factor declared by subjects is the use of cosmetics. This study was designed to compare the consumption of cosmetic products in women with sensitive skin and controls. After a dermatological examination, women between the ages of 18 and 65 years with or without sensitive skin were recruited. They completed different questionnaires about the presence of sensitive skin and use of 28 cosmetics that could be applied on the face. The amount per application was recorded for all products used at least once a week on the face. In total, 160 women were included, with a mean age of 41 ± 13 years. Two groups of 40 women were created based on the sensitive scale (SS-10 score), with the lowest SS-10 scores (nonsensitive skin group) and the highest SS-10 score (sensitive skin group). The number of products used daily was similar in the 2 groups. Women with sensitive skin were significantly more frequent users of liquid soap/soap-free gel cleansers than those without sensitive skin (70 vs. 43%). There was no difference concerning the frequency of use of products in the 2 groups. Concerning the amount of product used by application, women with sensitive skin used twice as much cream per application compared with the women without sensitive skin: 511 ± 438 μg versus 290 ± 203 μg (p = 0.039). Concerning the composition of the cosmetic products used, the only difference concerned phenoxyethanol, which was more often present in the moisturizer of women without sensitive skin (66.7%) than in those with sensitive skin (32.4%) (p = 0.007). Women with sensitive skin were more likely to buy products recommended for sensitive skin by manufacturers. The relationship of causality between the use of cosmetics and sensitive skin cannot be established. Women with sensitive skin used different cosmetic products than women without sensitive skin. Women with sensitive skin used a higher amount of moisturizer, used products recommended for sensitive skin, and bought more cosmetic products at pharmacies than supermarkets. We hypothesized that subjects with sensitive skin are looking for products that improve the sensation of skin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Brenaut
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, Brest, France.,Univ. Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
| | | | - Laurent Misery
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Brest, Brest, France.,Univ. Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Sensitive skin syndrome is a widely reported complaint but a diagnostic challenge because of its subjective symptoms and lack of clearly visible manifestations. Epidemiological studies have shown the prevalence of sensitive skin to be as high as 60-70% among women and 50-60% among men. Patients with this syndrome usually have unpleasant sensations when exposed to physical, thermal, or chemical stimuli that normally cause no provocation on healthy skin. Recent studies and newly accepted position papers have provided a more in-depth understanding and consensus of its underlying pathophysiology, associations, diagnosis, and treatment. Since no clinical studies have been conducted about specific treatment protocols, patients with this condition should be provided with personalized skin management. Given this updated knowledge, our review offers an approach to sensitive skin syndrome, with differential diagnoses, and interventions targeting its pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen W, Dai R, Li L. The prevalence of self‐declared sensitive skin: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1779-1788. [PMID: 31869523 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Chen
- Department of Medical Cosmetology Chengdu Second People's Hospital Chengdu China
| | - R. Dai
- Department of Dermatology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Zhangzhou China
| | - L. Li
- Department of Dermatology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Diagnosis and Treatment of Sensitive Skin Syndrome: An Algorithm for Clinical Practice. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
13
|
Misery L, Weisshaar E, Brenaut E, Evers A, Huet F, Ständer S, Reich A, Berardesca E, Serra‐Baldrich E, Wallengren J, Linder D, Fluhr J, Szepietowski J, Maibach H, Honari G, Le Gall‐Ianotto C, Takamori K, Richters R. Pathophysiology and management of sensitive skin: position paper from the special interest group on sensitive skin of the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:222-229. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Misery
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Brest Brest France
| | - E. Weisshaar
- Department of Dermatology, Occupational Dermatology Ruprecht‐Karls University Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - E. Brenaut
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Brest Brest France
| | - A.W.M. Evers
- Department of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Faculty of Social and Behavioral Science Leiden The Netherlands
| | - F. Huet
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital of Brest Brest France
| | - S. Ständer
- Department of Dermatology Center for Chronic Pruritus University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
| | - A. Reich
- Department of Dermatology University of Rzeszow Rzeszów Poland
| | | | - E. Serra‐Baldrich
- Department of Dermatology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Wallengren
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | - D. Linder
- Section of Biostatistics University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - J.W. Fluhr
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - J.C. Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
| | - H. Maibach
- Department of Dermatology School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ding DM, Tu Y, Man MQ, Wu WJ, Lu FY, Li X, Li Y, Yang JT, Jin YM, Yang CY, He L. Association between lactic acid sting test scores, self-assessed sensitive skin scores and biophysical properties in Chinese females. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:398-404. [PMID: 31194883 PMCID: PMC6851893 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Lactic acid sting test (LAST) is a classical method to identify sensitive skin. However, some subjects with self‐perceived sensitive skin are negative for LAST. Objective To determine whether LAST scores are associated with specific phenotype of sensitive skin. Methods A total of 292 subjects with self‐perceived sensitive skin were enrolled in this study. The Sensitive Scale was used to evaluate the severity of burning, stinging, itching, tautness, erythema and scaling based on 0–10 scale scores. In addition to the assessment of LAST scores, epidermal biophysical properties were measured using an MPA system. Results The Sensitive Scale scores of stinging, itching, tautness and scaling were significantly different between the LAST‐positive and ‐negative groups. However, burning and erythema scores did not differ between the LAST‐positive and ‐negative groups. LAST scores were positively correlated with the Sensitive Scale scores for stinging, itching, tautness and scaling, but not for burning and erythema scores. Moreover, LAST scores negatively correlated with stratum corneum hydration, but positively with transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rates. Conclusions Lactic acid sting test scores positively correlated with TEWL rates. LAST scores could be used to identify subjects with sensitive skin characterized mainly by stinging and itching, but not those mainly by burning and erythema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D-M Ding
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Y Tu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - M-Q Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - W-J Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - F-Y Lu
- Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing, 655000, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, 675000, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - J-T Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Y-M Jin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - C-Y Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - L He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spada F, Lui AH, Barnes TM. Use of formulations for sensitive skin improves the visible signs of aging, including wrinkle size and elasticity. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:415-425. [PMID: 31239745 PMCID: PMC6559254 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s212240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sensitive skin affects an increasingly large proportion of the population and is less tolerant to frequent and prolonged use of cosmetics. This study investigates the antiaging effects of a skin care system developed for use on sensitive skin. Methods: A total of 30 healthy Caucasian females, aged 32-72, were enrolled in this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled split-face study. A routine consisting of twice daily topical applications of the test cleanser and test moisturizer or placebo or positive control products was followed for 28 days, with parameters measured at baseline and at 7-day intervals. Objective skin assessments for hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin surface topography, elasticity and safety assessment were conducted. Results: Wrinkle surface, length and depth significantly improved by 34.8±4.7% (P<0.001), 19.0±3.2% (P<0.05) and 24.3±3.5% (P<0.05), respectively, after 28 days of skin care treatment with the test cleanser and test moisturizer. R2 (gross elasticity), R5 (net elasticity) and R7 (biological elasticity) significantly increased by 32.8±6.5% (P<0.001), 47.3±8.6% (P<0.001) and 50.6±5.1% (P<0.001), respectively, while R6 (viscoelastic portion) significantly decreased by 33.4±4.6% (P<0.001) after 28 days. Skin hydration was also found to increase significantly after 28 days by 42.2±8.5% (P<0.01), but there was no change in TEWL. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: A novel skin care routine developed for use on sensitive skin significantly improves the signs of aging including hydration, wrinkle size and elasticity without significant adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Spada
- Research & Development, Ego Pharmaceuticals, Braeside, Victoria 3195, Australia
| | - Ada H Lui
- Research & Development, Ego Pharmaceuticals, Braeside, Victoria 3195, Australia
| | - Tanya M Barnes
- Research & Development, Ego Pharmaceuticals, Braeside, Victoria 3195, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guerra-Tapia A, Serra-Baldrich E, Prieto Cabezas L, González-Guerra E, López-Estebaranz JL. Diagnosis and Treatment of Sensitive Skin Syndrome: An Algorithm for Clinical Practice. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2019; 110:800-808. [PMID: 31146882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive skin has traditionally been viewed as a cosmetic problem or as a purely psychosomatic alteration with a major subjective component. Different studies of its pathophysiologic etiology, however, have shown it to be a complex entity that several authors now consider to be a neurodermatological syndrome. Because of this complexity, skin sensitivity can be difficult to diagnose and treat, particularly considering that it may present with another disease. Simple tools applicable to clinical practice are thus necessary to identify and manage this disease as an independent entity. In this study, we perform a practical review of the most recent scientific advances in the area of sensitive skin that justify it being considered an individual entity, and provide tools for its identification and treatment. We propose diagnostic and treatment algorithms based on evidence from the literature and our experience and expertise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Guerra-Tapia
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; Sección de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
| | - E Serra-Baldrich
- Servicio Dermatología, Hospital Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, España
| | | | - E González-Guerra
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - J L López-Estebaranz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Cosmetics" really comes from its utilization in Ancient Rome. They were commonly delivered by female slaves known as "cosmetae," which is the place "cosmetics" originated from. Cosmetics are utilized to upgrade appearance. Makeup has been around for a long time. The primary known individuals who utilized cosmetics to upgrade their beauty were the Egyptians. Makeup those days was simply basic eye shading or some material for the body. Presently a-days makeup assumes an imperative job for the two men and women. In developmental brain science, social challenge of appearance reinforces women's wants for perfect beauty. As indicated by "The Origin of Species", people have developed to exchange qualities to future ages through sexual determination that respects the body state of perfect beauty as astounding richness. Also, since women's beauty has as of late been viewed as an upper hand to make social power, a body that satisfies the social guidelines of a culture could accomplish restricted social assets. It's hard to believe, but it’s true, even men have turned out to be more beauty cognizant and are worried about their looks. Cosmetics can be delivered in the natural and hypoallergenic structure to fulfill the needs of clients. Makeup is utilized as a beauty help to help develop the self-esteem and certainty of a person. The significance of cosmetics has expanded the same number of individuals need to remain youthful and alluring. Cosmetics are promptly accessible today as creams, lipstick, scents, eye shadows, nail shines, hair showers and so forth. Different cosmetics like face powder offer gleam to the skin subsequent to applying the base cream. At that point we have lipsticks, which are connected by numerous women all things considered. They are produced using wax and cocoa butter in the ideal sum. Cosmetics like creams, gels, and colognes are utilized consistently by the two women and men. Creams go about as a chemical for the face as a rule. All the more as of late enemy of maturing creams have been made which can hold more youthful looking skin for a long time. The best cleansing specialists are cleansing cream, cleanser and water. Cosmetic creams fill in as skin sustenance for hard, dry and dry skin. It fundamentally greases up, diminishes and expels undesirable earth from the skin. Some famous fat creams that are utilized incorporate Vaseline and Lanolin. Dry creams are utilized in the assembling of cleanser and gelatin which is utilized as a base for the skin. Hair care has turned out to be one of the quickest creating markets in the beauty business. Numerous young fellows swing to oils and gels to keep up and style their hair. Items like hair gels, oils, and moisturizers have been acquainted in the market with assistance ensure hair fall and dandruff. A few callings, similar to the entertainment biz industry, center on the significance of the external appearance. Numerous identities and craftsmen have used makeup to beat the brutal lights and the glare of camera flashes. They know the significance of their looks and keep up them by utilizing an assortment of cosmetics. Their appearance is their most profitable resource and they accept each undertaking to show up as the fans need them to show up. Late research has demonstrated that makeup helps in assurance from destructive beams of the sun. Numerous beauty items producers have used the necessities of individuals to shield themselves and their skin from the beams of the sun. This is an extraordinary achievement on the grounds that prior make up and sun assurance could not mix together. Today Cosmetics help to upgrade our appearance and make us feel increasingly certain. With more cosmetics available today than any other time in recent memory, it ends up clear to us that they assume an extraordinary job in our regular daily existence (Figure 1).
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen SY, Yin J, Wang XM, Liu YQ, Gao YR, Liu XP. A new discussion of the cutaneous vascular reactivity in sensitive skin: A sub-group of SS? Skin Res Technol 2018; 24:432-439. [PMID: 29396896 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive skin (SS) seems not to be a one-dimensional condition and many scholars concentrate on skin barrier disruption or sensorineural change, but few focus on its increased vascular reactivity. This study explored the possibility of using the different selection methods and measurement methods to verify a high vascular reactivity in SS without an impaired cutaneous barrier function. METHODS Sixty "self-perceived sensitive skin" volunteers were enlisted and each one completed three kinds of screening tests: assess cutaneous sensory using questionnaire survey and Lactic Acid Sting Test (LAST); assess barrier function using Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) skin irritation test and assess cutaneous vascular reactivity using 98% DMSO test and non-invasive measurement. Volunteers were divided into different groups based on response to SLS. The DMSO clinical score and the biophysical parameters obtained by non-invasive measurement were subsequently analysed. RESULTS (1) The positive correlations could be seen between sum LAST score and sum DMSO score regardless of the observation time; (2) The biological parameters (CBF、a*values and L* values) are all keeping with DMSO score; (3) If the participants were divided into SLS reactors and non-reactors, a composition ratio of DMSO score was significant difference in these two groups and in SLS non-reactors, there were still seven participants showed high reaction to DMSO. CONCLUSIONS There is a sub-group of SS for characteristics of a high vascular reactivity without an impaired cutaneous barrier function. The DMSO test and novel non-invasive measurements which are conducive to assess cutaneous vascular reactivity, combined with SLS skin irritation test could help us to screen this kind of SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chen
- Dermatology Department, ChengFei Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - J Yin
- Nephrology Department, The third people's Hospital of Chenddu, The Affiliated Hospital of Xinan Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - X M Wang
- Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Q Liu
- Dermatology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Y R Gao
- Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - X P Liu
- Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Skincare Bootcamp: The Evolving Role of Skincare. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2016; 4:e1152. [PMID: 28018771 PMCID: PMC5172479 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although cosmetic procedures have a significant impact on certain aspects of aging, such as deep, wrinkling, sagging, and volume loss, they fail to address the overall quality of the skin. Methods: Daily skincare routines potentially can have a significant long-term impact on the overall quality of a person’s complexion. Results: By expanding our product knowledge, we can help our patients individualize their at-home skincare routine using effective products and ingredients designed to address their specific skin concern and support the professional care we deliver. Conclusions: Here, we discuss the types of products and ingredients suitable for the most common dermatologic concerns, from wrinkling to skin sensitivity, acne to sun damage.
Collapse
|
20
|
Heinicke IR, Adams DH, Barnes TM, Greive KA. Evaluation of a topical treatment for the relief of sensitive skin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2015; 8:405-12. [PMID: 26251625 PMCID: PMC4524272 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s87509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Approximately, 50% of the population claim to have sensitive skin, which has created an important challenge for dermatologists and the cosmetic industry. This study evaluates the properties of QV Face Rescue Gel (Rescue Gel) that contains a combination of moisturizing and anti-irritant ingredients, and which is used to relieve the symptoms of sensitive facial skin. Methods The ability of Rescue Gel to induce collagen types I and III in cultured neonatal human foreskin fibroblasts compared to transforming growth factor beta 1, a known potent inducer of collagen types I and III, was measured using immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, healthy volunteers were recruited to measure the potential for Rescue Gel to reduce erythema induced by solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation on the skin compared to 0.5% hydrocortisone cream (positive control) as well as it’s ability to decrease transepidermal water loss compared to baseline levels. In addition, the formulation was tested for its potential to be 1) nonstinging using a facial sting/discomfort assay performed on volunteers who reacted positively to lactic acid, 2) nonirritating as determined by repeat insult patch tests, and 3) noncomedogenic. Results Rescue Gel significantly induced collagen types I and III in cultured human foreskin fibroblasts similarly to transforming growth factor beta 1. In volunteers, Rescue Gel was shown to significantly reduce erythema induced by solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation similarly to 0.5% hydrocortisone, and to significantly reduce transepidermal water loss compared to baseline levels. Further, the formulation was found to be nonstinging, nonirritating, and noncomedogenic. No adverse events were observed. Conclusion In this study, Rescue Gel has been shown to exhibit properties that make it effective for use on sensitive or irritated facial skin, without exacerbation of the symptoms associated with sensitive skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damian H Adams
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schalka S, Steiner D, Ravelli FN, Steiner T, Terena AC, Marçon CR, Ayres EL, Addor FAS, Miot HA, Ponzio H, Duarte I, Neffá J, Cunha JAJD, Boza JC, Samorano LDP, Corrêa MDP, Maia M, Nasser N, Leite OMRR, Lopes OS, Oliveira PD, Meyer RLB, Cestari T, Reis VMSD, Rego VRPDA. Brazilian consensus on photoprotection. An Bras Dermatol 2015; 89:1-74. [PMID: 25761256 PMCID: PMC4365470 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20143971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with a large heterogeneity of climates
and massive mixing of the population. Almost the entire national territory is located
between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, and the Earth axial tilt to the
south certainly makes Brazil one of the countries of the world with greater extent of
land in proximity to the sun. The Brazilian coastline, where most of its population
lives, is more than 8,500 km long. Due to geographic characteristics and cultural
trends, Brazilians are among the peoples with the highest annual exposure to the sun.
Epidemiological data show a continuing increase in the incidence of non-melanoma and
melanoma skin cancers. Photoprotection can be understood as a set of measures aimed
at reducing sun exposure and at preventing the development of acute and chronic
actinic damage. Due to the peculiarities of Brazilian territory and culture, it would
not be advisable to replicate the concepts of photoprotection from other developed
countries, places with completely different climates and populations. Thus the
Brazilian Society of Dermatology has developed the Brazilian Consensus on
Photoprotection, the first official document on photoprotection developed in Brazil
for Brazilians, with recommendations on matters involving photoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Schalka
- Photobiology Department, Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eloisa Leis Ayres
- Center of Dermatology Prof. Rene Garrido Neves, City Health Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Humberto Ponzio
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ida Duarte
- Charity Hospital, Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jane Neffá
- Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcus Maia
- Charity Hospital, Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilton Nasser
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|