A comparison between three different pit and fissure sealants with regard to marginal integrity

One-year follow-up of microscopical and clinical behavior of bioactive self-etching resin sealant

Background

The development of early carious lesions can be prevented with the use of sealants. This study aimed to evaluate the retention and sealant quality of conventional and bioactive self-etching sealants by direct (clinical) and indirect (microscopical) assessment.

Materials and Methods

Sixty newly erupted mandibular second molars (International Caries Detection and Assessment System ≤2) from adolescents were selected for the split-mouth trial study. The tooth was randomized and treated with conventional Fluoroshield (FS) and BeautiSealant (BS) bioactive self-etching sealants. Molds were taken and cast with epoxy resin after treatment. Indirect and direct assessments of retention degree and sealant remnant quality were performed after baseline, 1 month, and 1 year. The Chi-square test, ordinal regression, reasons of chance, and Fleiss' kappa statistical test were employed.

Results

After 1 month, greater total retention was observed for FS, but 1-year follow-up demonstrated no retention difference for FS and BS. The odds ratios showed an 86% greater chance of FS showing better marginal adaptation, after 1 month. At 1 year, the clinical assessment showed better anatomical shape and marginal adaptation scores for FS, but no microscopical difference was observed. A pour agreement between clinical and microscopical data was observed.

Conclusions

The 1-year follow-up showed no significant difference in the degree of retention, and in the microscopic evaluation of the conventional sealant (FS) and the bioactive self-etching sealant (BS), but in the clinical evaluation, better marginal and anatomical adaptation scores for FS were observed.

Three dimensional evaluation of marginal microleakage at the adhesive interface between different fissure sealants and enamel: Micro-CT analysis

Background/Aim: Sealing ability and adhesion to enamel of fissure sealants are quite critical in prevention of dental caries. The objective of the present study was to assess the marginal microleakage of different material-based pit and fissures with non-invasive and invasive techniques by using the Micro-CT method. Material and Methods: 30 extracted human permanent molars were randomly assigned to three sealant groups (n=10) as resin-based ClinPro, giomer-based BeautiSealant, and glass ionomer-based Fuji IX-GP. Half of each group was randomly divided into two parts as non-invasive and invasive techniques. The volumetric analysis of marginal microleakage between the enamel-material interface was performed by using Micro-CT. The results were analyzed with Student's t, One-Way ANOVA, Tukey and Games-Howell tests. Statistical significance level was considered as 0.05. Results: In non-invasive technique, Fuji IX-GP showed statistically significantly lower marginal microleakage values than Clinpro (p=0.022). Other comparisons were not significant (p>0.05). However, in invasive technique, microleakage values both of Fuji IX-GP and BeautiSealant were significantly lower than Clinpro (p<0.001, p<0.001). Besides, regardless of the sealant material, the invasive technique showed significantly superior results than non-invasive technique regarding marginal microleakage. Conclusions: Considering the clinical conditions, it was concluded that glass ionomer-based Fuji IX-GP and giomer-based BeautiSealant could be used as alternative to resin based sealants. Additionally, invasive technique (fissure preparation) can be recommended to reduce marginal microleakage.

Three Dimensional Evaluation of Marginal Microleakage at the Adhesive Interface between Different Fissure Sealants and Enamel: Micro-CT Analysis

Background/Aim: Sealing ability and adhesion to enamel of fissure sealants are quite critical in prevention of dental caries. The objective of the present study was to assess the marginal microleakage of different material-based pit and fissures with non-invasive and invasive techniques by using the Micro-CT method.

Material and Methods: 30 extracted human permanent molars were randomly assigned to three sealant groups (n=10) as resin-based ClinPro, giomer-based BeautiSealant, and glass ionomer-based Fuji IX-GP. Half of each group was randomly divided into two parts as non-invasive and invasive techniques. The volumetric analysis of marginal microleakage between the enamel-material interface was performed by using Micro-CT. The results were analyzed with Student’s t, One-Way ANOVA, Tukey and Games-Howell tests. Statistical significance level was considered as 0.05.

Results: In non-invasive technique, Fuji IX-GP showed statistically significantly lower marginal microleakage values than Clinpro (p=0.022). Other comparisons were not significant (p>0.05). However, in invasive technique, microleakage values both of Fuji IX-GP and BeautiSealant were significantly lower than Clinpro (p<0.001, p<0.001). Besides, regardless of the sealant material, the invasive technique showed significantly superior results than non-invasive technique regarding marginal microleakage.

Conclusions: Considering the clinical conditions, it was concluded that glass ionomer-based Fuji IX-GP and giomer-based BeautiSealant could be used as alternative to resin based sealants. Additionally, invasive technique (fissure preparation) can be recommended to reduce marginal microleakage.

Effectiveness of Seven Types of Sealants: Retention after One Year

Aim

The aim of this study is to determine the retention rate and pattern of different pit and fissure sealants placed on the occlusal surface of newly erupted first permanent molars after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Materials and methods

Seventy children were enrolled in this study. They divided into seven groups (m = 10) according to the type of the sealant. The four permanent first molars of each child were sealed. The sealant was applied according to the instructions from the manufacturer. A clinical evaluation was carried out at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The clinical observations were divided into three categories: total retention (TR), partial retention (PR), and total loss (TL).

Results

The resin-based sealant performed better than the glass ionomer-based sealant except for the Ketac Molar Easymix. At 3 months, there was no significant difference among all the tested groups (p > 0.05), while at 6, 9, and 12 months, there was a highly significant difference (p < 0.001). The glass carbomer sealant showed the least retention rate at all intervals.

Conclusion

With an exception of the Ketac Molar Easymix, resin-based sealers performed better than glass ionomer-based sealers.

Clinical significance

A proper application of pit and fissure sealant will decrease the chance for caries development in newly erupted teeth.

How to cite this article

Hassan AM, Mohammed SG. Effectiveness of Seven Types of Sealants: Retention after One Year. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(2):96-100.

In Vitro Microleakage Comparison of Flowable Nanocomposites and Conventional Materials Used in Pit and Fissure Sealant Therapy

Objectives:

Pit and fissure sealants are recognized as an effective preventive approach in pediatric dentistry. Composite resin is the most commonly used sealant material. Adding nanoparticles to composite resin could result in production of flowable composite with higher mechanical properties and better flowability than previous sealants. This study aimed to compare the microleakage of a flowable nanocomposite and materials conventionally used as pit and fissure sealants.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 185 extracted mandibular third molar teeth were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups (n=36): flowable nanocomposite, flowable composite, filled sealants, nano-filled sealants, and unfilled sealants. Five teeth were reserved for examination under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The samples were thermocycled (5–55°C, 1-minute dwell time) for 1000 cycles and immersed in 0.2% fuchsine solution for 24 hours. Teeth were sectioned buccolingually. Microleakage was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of dye penetration and SEM. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results: Qualitative microleakage assessment showed that flowable composite and nanofilled flowable composite had almost no microleakage (P<0.001). Regarding quantitative scores, the nanofilled flowable composite and unfilled fissure sealant showed the lowest and the highest rate of microleakage, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the two flowable composites (P=0.317). Filled resin-based sealant had significantly lower microleakage than unfilled resin-based sealant (P<0.001).

Conclusion:

Use of flowable and nanofilled flowable composites (but not unfilled resin-based fissure sealant) is recommended for sealing of pits and fissures of molars.

In vitro evaluation of shear bond strength and microleakage of different pit and fissure sealants

Aim and Objectives:

Fissure caries is most common in children due to deep pit and fissures. Pit and fissure areas on the occlusal surface of the teeth make them susceptible to dental caries, which need to be prevented or restored. Fissures sealant reduces the risk of occlusal caries. The present study was done to evaluate microleakage and shear bond strength of various fissure sealants.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-six extracted molars were randomly allocated equally (n = 12) into three groups with three different sealants to evaluate shear bond strength and microleakage at sealant space. The shear bond strengths was evaluated with one-way analysis of variance and microleakage by Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18.0 (Chicago: SPSS Inc, 2009).

Results:

Tetric flow (16.8 MPa) recorded the highest shear bond strength and the difference was statistically significant with enamel loc (12.8 MPa). There was no statistically significant difference in relation to microleakage (P > 0.05) in the tested groups.

Conclusions:

Tetric flow recorded the highest shear bond strength and the difference was statistically significant with enamel loc. However, there was no statistically significant difference among the groups regarding microleakage.

Evaluation of penetration depth of a commercially available resin infiltrate into artificially created enamel lesions: An in vitro study

Background:

Early enamel lesions have a potential to re-mineralize and prevent caries progress.

Aim:

The aim of the following study is to determine the depth of penetration of low viscosity resin into artificially created enamel lesions.

Materials and Methods:

A sample of 20 sound premolars, indicated for orthodontic extraction, formed the study group. The teeth were coated with a nail varnish, leaving a window of 4 mm × 4 mm, on buccal surfaces of sound, intact enamel. Each tooth was subsequently immersed in demineralizing solution for 4 days to produce artificial enamel lesions. The demineralized area was then infiltrated with low viscosity resin (Icon Infiltrant, DMG, Hamburg, Germany) as per the manufacturer's instructions. All the restored teeth were then immersed in methylene blue dye for 24 h at 37°C. Teeth were then sectioned longitudinally through the lesion into two halves. The sections were observed under stereomicroscope at ×80 magnification and depth of penetration of the material was measured quantitatively using Motic software.

Results:

The maximum depth of penetration of the resin material was 6.06 ± 3.31 μm.

Conclusions:

Resin infiltration technique appears to be effective in sealing enamel lesions and has great potential for arresting white spot lesions.