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Mohideen K, Chandrasekaran K, Veeraraghavan H, Faizee SH, Dhungel S, Ghosh S. Meta-Analysis of Assessment of Total Oxidative Stress and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Periodontitis. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:9949047. [PMID: 37937148 PMCID: PMC10627720 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9949047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is intricately linked to oxidative stress-antioxidant (redox) imbalance. The antioxidant system scavenges the oxygen free radicals in biological fluids in patients with periodontitis. However, little is still known about the free radicals mediated oxidative stress and reductive ability of the antioxidant system. Thus, the present meta-analysis aims to quantitatively review the literature that assessed the oxidative stress marker total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in various biological fluids of patients with periodontitis. Methodology. Electronic databases were searched for studies that assessed TOS and TAC levels in various biological samples of patients with periodontitis. Results From the 1,812 articles identified, 1,754 were excluded based on title and abstract screening due to irrelevance to the topic of interest. A full-text assessment of the remaining 58 articles led to the selection of 42 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of these, only 24 studies had consistent data for quantitative analysis. The periodontitis group displayed significantly elevated TOS levels (p < 0.05) in serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and saliva samples in the studies evaluated. In contrast, the periodontitis group exhibited significantly attenuated TAC levels (p < 0.01) compared to healthy controls in plasma, serum, and GCF samples of the studies evaluated, which was insignificant in salivary samples (p=0.433). At the same time, the periodontitis group displayed insignificantly elevated TAC levels after periodontal therapy (p=0.130). Conclusions The present meta-analysis showed significantly higher TOS and lower TAC in periodontitis, reflecting the elevated oxidative stress level than the control group. Clinical Relevance. Scientific rationale for the study: The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants (oxidative stress (OS)) plays a critical role in the onset and progression of periodontitis; the assessment of the relationship between OS-related biomarkers in regional samples and systemic samples of patients with periodontitis helps us to evaluate the periodontal disease progression. The OS biomarker levels can be used to assess periodontal disease and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Mohideen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | | | - Harsha Veeraraghavan
- Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Shahul Hameed Faizee
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Safal Dhungel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Snehashish Ghosh
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal
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Kakade P, Zope SA, Suragimath G, Varma S, Kale A, Mashalkar V. Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) on Salivary Glutathione Reductase (GR) in Smokers And Periodontitis Subjects. ANNALS OF DENTAL SPECIALTY 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/wzghl73bwk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Capacity of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Patients with Periodontitis: Review and Clinical Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050450. [PMID: 32456214 PMCID: PMC7278788 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is inextricably linked to oxidative-reductive (redox) imbalance. However, little is still known about the resultant ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontitis. The multitude of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and their synergistic effects cause an interest in the evaluation of the total antioxidative capacity. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the total oxidative and antioxidative activity of gingival crevicular fluid and saliva in the periodontitis, as well as to relate these biomarkers to clinical indices of periodontopathy. Additionally, by calculating the oxidative stress index (OSI), the intensity of redox disturbances was also evaluated. Fifty-eight periodontitis patients were included in the study and divided into two subgroups depending on the severity of the disease. In the non-stimulated/stimulated saliva as well as a gingival crevicular fluid of the study group, we found significantly higher OSI and total oxidant status (TOS) as well as lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC). However, the ability to reduce iron ions (FRAP) was significantly lower only in stimulated and non-stimulated saliva of patients with periodontitis. The examined parameters correlated with the periodontium’s clinical condition, which indicates the exacerbation of the inflammatory process. However, TAC, TOS, OSI, and FRAP did not differentiate individual stages of periodontitis.
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Sayar F, Shariatmadar Ahmadi R, Montazeri M. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2019; 11:21-27. [PMID: 35919628 PMCID: PMC9327470 DOI: 10.15171/japid.2019.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the course of periodontal diseases, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produce oxidative agents and free radicals, thus triggering oxidant-antioxidant disequilibrium in the saliva. Due to the reduction of antioxidant protective effect, oxidative stress is induced, destroying periodontal tissues. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of the non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy on the level ofsalivary antioxidantsin patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis. METHODS Un-stimulated salivary samples were collected from 43 patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis for 5 minutes. Clinical parameters, including clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD), were recorded in each tooth and subsequently, scaling and root planing (SRP) was carried out. After four weeks, salivary samples were collected once again, and the above-mentioned clinical parameters were recorded. Following centrifugation and freezing at a temperature of -80°C, salivary samples were examined simultaneously in a single day, and the level of their antioxidants was measured with ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS The concentration of salivary antioxidants significantly increased four weeks following the non-surgical periodontal therapy (P<0.0001). Moreover, the clinical parameters of CAL, BoP and PD showed a significant decrease in 4 weeks as well (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION The level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis significantly increased after etiotropic periodontal therapy, indicating the possible beneficial influence of periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients suffering from periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferena Sayar
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University Tehran Branch, Iran
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Silva M, Matono D, Bosco A, Baptistiolli L, Torrecilha R, Ciarlini P. Estresse oxidativo em cães com doença periodontal: comparação dos biomarcadores plasmáticos e salivares. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A doença periodontal (DP) é a enfermidade inflamatória mais comum da cavidade oral dos cães. A quantificação de biomarcadores do plasma e da saliva tem sido utilizada para avaliar o estresse oxidativo sistêmico (EOS) e local (EOL) da DP humana. Na DP canina, os mecanismos do estresse oxidativo não estão bem caracterizados e estabelecidos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a hipótese de que o EOS ocorre na DP canina e de que a saliva pode ser utilizada para avaliar o EOL. Analisou-se, também, a hipótese de que a ativação do metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos contribui para EOS na DP dos cães. Para tal, foram selecionados 20 cães adultos portadores de DP, agrupados de acordo com o grau de lesão: gengivite (n=6), periodontites leve (n=8) e avançada (n=6). O grupo controle foi composto pelos mesmos 20 cães, 30 dias após o tratamento periodontal. Para avaliar o metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos circulantes foi quantificada a produção de superóxido pelo teste de redução do tetrazólio nitroazul (NBT). As concentrações de oxidante total (TOC) e de espécies reativas ao ácido tiobartbitúrico (TBARS) no plasma foram quantificadas para avaliar o EOS. Para a avaliação do estresse oxidativo local, foi quantificado o TOC salivar e a concentração dos principais antioxidantes da saliva (albumina, ácido úrico e bilirrubina total). O EOS na DP foi confirmado pelo aumento da produção de superóxido dos neutrófilos circulantes, TOC e TBARS plasmático. Foi possível quantificar todos os biomarcadores na saliva de cães, porém nenhum foi capaz de expressar o EOL da DP canina. Esta é uma das primeiras evidências de que o EOS ocorre em cães com DP e que a ativação do metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos pode contribuir para desequilíbrio entre antioxidantes e oxidantes. Este estudo ressalta a importância da higiene bucal dos cães para a prevenção da DP e de lesões degenerativas crônicas de diversos tecidos causadas pelo EOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.R. Silva
- Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
| | - D. Matono
- Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
| | - A.M. Bosco
- Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
| | | | | | - P.C. Ciarlini
- Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
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Bansal N, Gupta ND, Bey A, Sharma VK, Gupta N, Trivedi H. Impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on total antioxidant capacity in chronic periodontitis patients. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 21:291-295. [PMID: 29456303 PMCID: PMC5813343 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_281_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the utility of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as marker of periodontal disease by estimating TAC of periodontally healthy and chronic periodontitis patients and the impact of scaling and root planning on total antioxidant status of periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: Blood plasma samples were collected from randomly selected eighty individuals (40 periodontally healthy controls and 40 chronic periodontitis patients), with an age range of 20–45 years and were analyzed for TAC by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Scaling and root planing was performed in periodontitis patients, and TAC level was measured again after 3 weeks. Data were analyzed with t-test, using SPSS software (PSAW, Windows version 18.0). Results: The mean plasma TAC was significantly lower (792.33 ± 124.33 μmol/L, P < 0.001) in chronic periodontitis patients compared to healthy control (1076.08 ± 193.82 μmol/L). Plasma TAC level increased significantly (989.75 ± 96.80, P < 0.001) after scaling and root planing. Conclusions: An inverse relationship exists between plasma TAC and severity of chronic periodontitis suggesting disturbed oxidant-antioxidant balance in chronic periodontitis. Scaling and root planing resulted in the restoration of TAC to normal levels. These results are important from the perspective of including antioxidants in periodontal therapy regime to boost up body's antioxidant defense system and to reduce oxidative stress-mediated periodontal tissue damage. We concluded that TAC can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the health of periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bansal
- Department of Periodontology, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Narender Dev Gupta
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Afshan Bey
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Namita Gupta
- Department of Periodontics, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Himanshu Trivedi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Varela-López A, Quiles JL, Cordero M, Giampieri F, Bullón P. Oxidative Stress and Dietary Fat Type in Relation to Periodontal Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:322-44. [PMID: 26783708 PMCID: PMC4665476 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main factors studied to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory conditions, such as periodontitis. In this respect, nutrition may be of great importance. Actually, research on nutrients' effects on periodontal diseases has expanded to include those influencing the redox status, which correlates to the inflammatory process. Dietary fat or lipids are often blamed as the major source of excess energy. Consequently, when caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure, the resultant substrate-induced increase in citric acid cycle activity generates an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, dietary fatty acid intake influences in relative fatty acid composition of biological membranes determining its susceptibility to oxidative alterations. From this standpoint, here, we reviewed studies analyzing the dietary fat role in periodontal disease. Research data suggest that periodontal health could be achieved by main dietary strategies which include substitution of saturated fats with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly n-3 PUFA. Maybe in the future, we should analyze the diet and provide some advice to periodontitis patients to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Mario Cordero
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s.n., Sevilla 41009, Spain.
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60100, Italy.
| | - Pedro Bullón
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s.n., Sevilla 41009, Spain.
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Systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:931083. [PMID: 25477703 PMCID: PMC4247950 DOI: 10.1155/2014/931083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress biomarkers have been observed in peripheral blood of chronic periodontitis patients; however, their associations with periodontitis were not consistent. This meta-analysis was performed to clarify the associations between chronic periodontitis and oxidative biomarkers in systemic circulation. Electronic searches of PubMed and Embase databases were performed until October 2014 and articles were selected to meet inclusion criteria. Data of oxidative biomarkers levels in peripheral blood of periodontitis patients and periodontal healthy controls were extracted to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using random-effects model. Of 31 eligible articles, 16 articles with available data were included in meta-analysis. Our results showed that periodontitis patients had significantly lower levels of total antioxidant capacity (SMD = -2.02; 95% CI: -3.08, -0.96; P = 0.000) and higher levels of malondialdehyde (SMD = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.12, 1.86; P = 0.026) and nitric oxide (SMD = 4.98; 95% CI: 2.33, 7.63; P = 0.000) than periodontal healthy control. Superoxide dismutase levels between two groups were not significantly different (SMD = -1.72; 95% CI: -3.50, 0.07; P = 0.059). In conclusion, our meta-analysis showed that chronic periodontitis is significantly associated with circulating levels of three oxidative stress biomarkers, indicating a role of chronic periodontitis in systemic diseases.
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