Evaluation of serum ceruloplasmin in aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients

Assessing a multiplex-targeted proteomics approach for the clinical diagnosis of periodontitis using saliva samples

AIM

The present study focused on the research of new biomarkers based on the liquid chromatography-multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) proteomic profile in whole saliva of patients with periodontitis compared with periodontal healthy patients.

METHODS

A 30-min multiplexed liquid chromatography-MRM method was used for absolute quantification of 35 plasma biomarkers in saliva from control patients and patients with periodontitis.

RESULTS

Three proteins namely hemopexin, plasminogen and α-fibrinogen were shown to be clearly related to the presence of periodontitis compared with healthy patients. Apolipoprotein H was found to discriminate for the first time chronic and aggressive periodontitis.

CONCLUSION

Our results indicate that this innovative MRM method could be used to screen for periodontitis in clinical environment. Furthermore, apolipoprotein H was found to be a discriminant biomarker of aggressive periodontitis.

Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on transferrin serum levels in patients with chronic periodontitis

Background. Transferrin is a negative acute phase protein, which decreases during inflammation and infection. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate changes in the transferrin serum levels subsequent to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontal disease. Methods. Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis and 20 systemically healthy subjects without periodontal disease, who had referred to Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry, were selected. Transferrin serum levels and clinical periodontal parameters (pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, bleeding index and plaque index) were measured at baseline and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistical methods (means ± standard deviations). Independent samples t-test was used to compare transferrin serum levels and clinical variables between the test and control groups. Paired samples t-test was used in the test group for comparisons before and after treatment. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. The mean transferrin serum level in patients with chronic periodontitis (213.1 ± 9.2 mg/dL) was significantly less than that in periodontally healthy subjects (307.8 ± 11.7 mg/dL). Three months after periodontal treatment, the transferrin serum level increased significantly (298.3 ± 7.6 mg/dL) and approached the levels in periodontally healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The decrease and increase in transferrin serum levels with periodontal disease and periodontal treatment, respectively, indicated an inverse relationship between transferrin serum levels and chronic periodontitis.

Acute Phase Proteins and Their Role in Periodontitis: A Review

Acute phase proteins are a class of proteins whose plasma concentration increase (positive acute phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute phase proteins) in response to inflammation. This response is called as the acute phase reaction, also called as acute phase response, which occurs approximately 90 minutes after the onset of a systemic inflammatory reaction. In Periodontitis endotoxins released from gram negative organisms present in the sub gingival plaque samples interact with Toll- like receptors (TLR) that are expressed on the surface of Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) and monocytes which are in abundance in periodontal inflammation. The complex formed due to interaction of Endotoxins and TLR activates the Signal transduction pathway in both innate and adaptive immunity resulting in production of Cytokines that co- ordinate the local and systemic inflammatory response. The pro inflammatory cytokines originating at the diseased site activates the liver cells to produce acute phase proteins as a part of non specific response. The production of Acute phase proteins is regulated to a great extent by Cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and to a lesser extent by Glucocorticoid hormones. These proteins bind to bacteria leading to activation of complement proteins that destroys pathogenic organisms. Studies have shown that levels of acute phase proteins are increased in otherwise healthy adults with poor periodontal status. This article highlights about the synthesis, structure, types and function of acute phase proteins and the associated relation of acute phase proteins in Periodontitis.