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Mfengwana PMAH. Mutagenic and antimutagenic evaluation of Asparagus laricinus Burch., Senecio asperulus DC., and Gunnera perpensa L. to hepatic cells. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.20883/medical.e745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The use of traditional medicinal plant concoctions to cure or treat different diseases daily in African folk medicine. However, the effects of most medicinal plants on human health or genetic material remain unknown. This study thus aimed to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials of Asparagus laricinus Burch. cladodes, Senecio asperulus DC., and Gunnera perpensa L. roots extract in vitro.
Methods. Neutral red uptake assay, alkaline comet assay, and the VITOTOX test was used with plant extract dilutions of 4, 20, 50, and 100 µg/ml, respectively, on hepatic (C3A) cells and Salmonella Typhimurium TA104 strains. Ethyl methane-sulfonate and 4-nitroquinoline oxide were used as positive controls for the comet and VITOTOX assays, respectively.
Results. In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were not observed from all tested extracts, except for the two dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of S. asperulus and G. perpensa, which appeared to be cytotoxic with S9 metabolic activation, but not genotoxic or mutagenic. From the VITOTOX test results, none of the extracts appeared to have antimutagenic properties after treating S. Typhimurium strains with a known mutagen.
Conclusions. These results confirm that previously reported anticarcinogenic properties of A. laricinus, S. asperulus, and G. perpensa did not result from the protective mechanism against genotoxicity but from other ones. Moreover, the negative mutagenic and cytotoxic activities of the tested plants highlighted the safe use of these medicinal plants in vitro. Therefore, S. asperulus and G. perpensa DCM extracts require further investigation for their possible in vivo cytotoxic effects on humans.
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Kabach I, Bouchmaa N, Ben Mrid R, Zouaoui Z, Maadoudi ME, Kounnoun A, Asraoui F, El Mansouri F, Zyad A, Cacciola F, Oulad El Majdoub Y, Mondello L, Nhiri M. Olea europaea var. Oleaster a promising nutritional food with in vitro antioxidant, antiglycation, antidiabetic and antiproliferative effects. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Elgorashi EE, Eldeen IMS, Makhafola TJ, Eloff JN, Verschaeve L. Genotoxic effects of Dukhan: A smoke bath from the wood of Acacia seyal used traditionally by Sudanese women. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114868. [PMID: 34826541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE Smoke from the wood of Acacia seyal Delile has been used by Sudanese women for making a smoke bath locally called Dukhan. The ritual is performed to relieve rheumatic pain, smooth skin, heal wounds and achieve general body relaxation. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of the smoke condensate using cyclooxygenase -1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2) as well as its potential genotoxic effects using the bacterial-based Ames test and the mammalian cells-based micronucleus/cytome and comet assays. MATERIAL AND METHODS The smoke was prepared in a similar way to that commonly used traditionally by Sudanese women then condensed using a funnel. Cyclooxygenase assay was used to evaluate its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The neutral red uptake assay was conducted to determine the range of concentrations in the mammalian cells-based assays. The Ames, cytome and comet assays were used to assess its potential adverse (long-term) effects. RESULTS The smoke condensate did not inhibit the cyclooxygenases at the highest concentration tested. All smoke condensate concentrations tested in the Salmonella/microsome assay induced mutation in both TA98 and TA100 in a dose dependent manner. A significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds was observed in the cytome assay as well as in the % DNA damage in the comet assay. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated a dose dependent genotoxic potential of the smoke condensate in the bacterial and human C3A cells and may pose a health risk to women since the smoke bath is frequently practised. The study highlighted the need for further rigorous assessment of the risks associated with the smoke bath practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam E Elgorashi
- Toxicology and Ethnoveterinary Medicine, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Ibrahim M S Eldeen
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University of Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia; Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Shambat, 13314, Sudan.
| | - Tshepiso J Makhafola
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Central University of Technology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 20539, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus N Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Sciensano (Formerly Scientific Institute of Public Health), Risk and Health Impact Assessment, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.
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de Moura DF, Rocha TA, Barros DDM, da Silva MM, de Lira MADC, Dos Santos Souza TG, da Silva CJA, de Aguiar Júnior FCA, Chagas CA, da Silva Santos NP, de Souza IA, Araújo RM, Ximenes RM, Martins RD, da Silva MV. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of the latex extracted from Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel (Apocynaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112567. [PMID: 32027999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Himatanthus drasticus is a tree popularly known as janaguba. Endemic to Brazil, it is found in the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, rock fields, and rainforests. Janaguba latex has been used in folk medicine for its antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiallergic activities. However, studies investigating the safety of its use for medicinal purposes are limited. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the latex extracted from H. drasticus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The latex was extracted from H. drasticus specimens by removing a small area of bark (5 × 30 cm) and then dissolving the exudate in water and lyophilizing it. Phytochemical screening was performed by TLC and GC-MS, protein, and carbohydrate levels. Cell viability was performed by the MTT method. Acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity assays were performed in mice. RESULTS TLC showed the presence of saponins and reducing sugars, as well as steroids and terpenes. The GC-MS analysis of the nonpolar fraction identified lupeol acetate, betulin, and α/β-amyrin derivatives as the major compounds. The latex was toxic to S-180 cells at 50 and 100 μg/mL. No signals of toxicity or mutagenicity was found in mice treated with 2000 mg/kg of the latex, but genotoxicity was observed in the Comet assay. CONCLUSIONS H. drasticus latex showed toxicity signals at high doses (2000 mg/kg). Although the latex was not mutagenic to mice, it was genotoxic in the Comet assay in our experimental conditions. Even testing a limit dose of 2000 mg/kg, which is between 10 to 35-fold the amount used in folk medicine, caution must be taken since there is no safe level for genotoxic compounds exposure. Further studies on the toxicological aspects of H. drasticus latex are necessary to elucidate its possible mechanisms of genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamiris Alves Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Matos Ximenes
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Núcleo de Bioprospecção da Caatinga, Instituto Nacional do Semiárido, Paraíba, Brazil
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Edziri H, Haddad O, Saidana D, Chouchen S, Skhiri F, Mastouri M, Flamini G. Ruscus hypophyllum L. extracts: chemical composition, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and antimicrobial activity against a wide range of sensitive and multi-resistant bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17063-17071. [PMID: 32146666 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the polyphenolic and flavonoid contents in the leaves extracts of Ruscus hypophyllum. Antioxidant activity was estimated by α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. The anticoagulant activity of Ruscus extracts was evaluated in vitro, using the prothrombin time (PT) and a PTT-activated partial thromboplastin time tests. The antibacterial activity was tested against large number of important medically and resistant bacteria by the broth dilution method. In this study, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts displayed the highest total phenols contents (74.76 mg EAG/g and 73.89 mg EAG/g, respectively) and flavonoid content 40 and 32.43 mg EC/g, respectively. The GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract confirmed the presence of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and hydrocarbon diterpenes with percentages of 16.41% and 10.72%, respectively, but chloroform extract was rich with, oxygenated monoterpenes, and oxygenated diterpenes, with percentages of 6.19 and 3.27%, respectively. Among tested extracts, ethyl acetate exhibited the best antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. Furthermore, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts showed important antibacterial activity against resistant bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SARM), Acinetobacter imipenem-resistant (IMP/R), P. aeruginosa imipenem-resistant (IMP/R) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. cloacae (BLSE) with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values varying between 0.125 and 0.5 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayet Edziri
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Ons Haddad
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Sawssen Chouchen
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hopital Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fethia Skhiri
- Laboratory of Genetic Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioresources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Ahmad R, Khan MA, Srivastava A, Gupta A, Srivastava A, Jafri TR, Siddiqui Z, Chaubey S, Khan T, Srivastava AK. Anticancer Potential of Dietary Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:122-236. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191015103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of natural drug-like compounds with minimal side effects. Phytochemicals
better known as “Natural Products” are found abundantly in a number of plants. Since time immemorial, spices
have been widely used in Indian cuisine as flavoring and coloring agents. Most of these spices and condiments
are derived from various biodiversity hotspots in India (which contribute 75% of global spice production) and
form the crux of India’s multidiverse and multicultural cuisine. Apart from their aroma, flavor and taste, these
spices and condiments are known to possess several medicinal properties also. Most of these spices are mentioned
in the Ayurveda, the indigenous system of medicine. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative,
antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties of several of these natural products are well documented in
Ayurveda. These phytoconstituemts are known to act as functional immunoboosters, immunomodulators as well
as anti-inflammatory agents. As anticancer agents, their mechanistic action involves cancer cell death via induction
of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. The present review provides a comprehensive and collective update
on the potential of 66 commonly used spices as well as their bioactive constituents as anticancer agents. The
review also provides an in-depth update of all major in vitro, in vivo, clinical and pharmacological studies done
on these spices with special emphasis on the potential of these spices and their bioactive constituents as potential
functional foods for prevention, treatment and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Mohsin A. Khan
- Chancellor, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - A.N. Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tanvir R. Jafri
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Zainab Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Sunaina Chaubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tahmeena Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, P.O. Bas-ha, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, UP, India
| | - Arvind K. Srivastava
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
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Rocha TA, Moura DFD, Silva MMD, Dos Santos Souza TG, Lira MADCD, Barros DDM, da Silva AG, Ximenes RM, Falcão EPDS, Chagas CA, Júnior FCADA, Santos NPDS, Silva MVD, Correia MTDS. Evaluation of cytotoxic potential, oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of organic extracts of Pityrocarpa moniliformis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:216-231. [PMID: 30849290 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1576563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of organic extracts of P. moniliformis in vitro and identify the acute toxicity and genotoxicity in vivo. The leaves were extracted using three organic solvents (cyclohexane [EP1], ethyl acetate [EP2], and methanol [EP3]). Phytochemical qualitative analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Cytotoxicity tests were performed on human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and J774 murine macrophages. Acute toxicity in mice was measured after intraperitoneal (ip) administration of 2000 mg/kg, while evaluation of genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed using the comet assay and the micronucleus (MN) test, respectively. The TLC analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, and saponins. In the cytotoxicity assay, extracts EP1 and EP3 altered proliferation of HEK cells, and all organic extracts increased the viability of J774 cells. In the toxicity tests, no deaths or behavioral alterations were observed in mice exposed to the acute dose of the extracts. Although some extracts led to changes in hematological and histological parameters, these results did not indicate physiological changes. In relation to the MN test and comet assay, no significant changes were detected in the DNA of the animals tested with the extracts EP1, EP2, and EP3. Thus, extracts of P. moniliformis were not considered to be toxic and did not induce formation of MN or damage to cellular DNA in the genotoxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Alves Rocha
- a Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Danielle Feijó de Moura
- a Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Marllyn Marques da Silva
- b Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Biotecnologia e Cultura de Células (NANOBIOCEL), Centro Acadêmico de Vitória , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Talita Giselly Dos Santos Souza
- c Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fármacos, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Vitória de Santo Antão , Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida da Conceição de Lira
- d Laboratório de Síntese e Isolamento Molecular (SIM). Centro Acadêmico de Vitória , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Vitória de Santo Antão
| | - Dayane de Melo Barros
- e Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Gomes da Silva
- f Departamento de Antibióticos , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
- g Núcleo de Bioprospecção da Caatinga , Instituto Nacional do Semiárido , Paraíba , Brazil
| | - Rafael Matos Ximenes
- b Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Biotecnologia e Cultura de Células (NANOBIOCEL), Centro Acadêmico de Vitória , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Emerson Peter da Silva Falcão
- d Laboratório de Síntese e Isolamento Molecular (SIM). Centro Acadêmico de Vitória , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Vitória de Santo Antão
| | - Cristiano Aparecido Chagas
- h Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fármacos, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Vitória de Santo Antão , Brazil
| | | | - Noêmia Pereira da Silva Santos
- b Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Biotecnologia e Cultura de Células (NANOBIOCEL), Centro Acadêmico de Vitória , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Marcia Vanusa da Silva
- a Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
- g Núcleo de Bioprospecção da Caatinga , Instituto Nacional do Semiárido , Paraíba , Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia
- a Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
- g Núcleo de Bioprospecção da Caatinga , Instituto Nacional do Semiárido , Paraíba , Brazil
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