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Chauhan S, Patra S, Singh SP, Lakhani JD. Combined effect of yoga and naturopathy in uncomplicated varicose vein disease - a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100718. [PMID: 37356369 PMCID: PMC10320501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though the treatment of uncomplicated varicose vein (UVV) might prevent late complications such as skin change or ulceration, but, there are limited studies available to justify this concept. Yoga and Naturopathy being a proficient tool in managing non communicable diseases including many cardiovascular diseases; no attempt was made to study its potential effect in Varicose Vein diseases. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to study the combination of Yoga and Naturopathy in uncomplicated varicose vein patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 UVV participants were prospectively recruited and randomly divided into two groups, Experimental and Active control groups. Both the groups practiced their respective interventions, and follow up was done after 1 and 3 months of active intervention. Finally study was completed with 46 participants (2 dropouts in each groups). The sample size was calculated based on the previous study, considering power as 0.8 and 'α' as 0.05, using 'G' power software. The variables such as Body weight, BMI, Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Heart rate (HR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), homocysteine (HCy) were recorded before and after the intervention, but Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) and Visual analogue heaviness scale (VAHS) were recorded on 60 and 120 days of the follow up in addition to active intervention period. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in hs-CRP (p < 0.05) in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Body weight, BMI, SBP, HR, hs-CRP, HCy (p < 0.001) and DBP (p < 0.05) significantly decreases following the Combined Yoga and Naturopathy (CYN) intervention for a month in the experimental group. Also, the AVVQ (p < 0.01) and VAHS (p < 0.05) decreases following active intervention and two consecutive follow up. No adverse event was noted during or after the trial. CONCLUSION The combined effect of Yoga and Naturopathy reduced blood pressure and inflammatory markers suggestive of potential of recovery in inflammation in the endothelial tissue of the microvascular system in UVV patients. TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER CTRI/2018/10/015895; Clinical Trials Registry- India; www.ctri.nic.in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Chauhan
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Swami Vivekananda Road, Kalluballu Post, Anekal, Jigani, Bangalore 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjib Patra
- Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandar Sindri, Dist, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India.
| | | | - Jitendra D Lakhani
- Smt.B.K.Shah Medical Institute and Research Center and Dhiraj Hospital, Piparia, Dist., Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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2
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Madan S. Yoga for Preventive Health: A Holistic Approach. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:418-423. [PMID: 37304753 PMCID: PMC10248378 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211059758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Yoga has been prevalent for over 5000 years; it originated in India and has become an essential lifestyle ingredient for achieving optimal health. The goal of this article in lifestyle modification is to increase awareness about the benefits of yoga and how its practice can reduce the overall risk of chronic diseases. Yoga has been proven to be therapeutic for enhancing immunity and support management of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine disorders, obesity, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. Yoga techniques called asanas, such as pranayama for breathing regulation and dhyana for meditation, boost innate immune response, interrupt inflammation, and thereby prevent the manifestation of chronic diseases. Yoga also provides symptomatic relief for chronic arthritis by increasing joint flexibility and microcirculation. Yoga and meditation regulate neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, hormones, and cytokines that mediate interactions between the central nervous system and the immune system. These techniques reduce the psychological and physiological effects of chronic stress. Serotonin, oxytocin, and melatonin released directly due to practicing yoga have been shown to better manage anxiety and fear, especially during the pandemic. We believe the current trends of chronic disease management will become more effective with the implementation of lifestyle changes using yoga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Madan
- Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of
Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Li Q, Xiong L, Cao X, Xiong H, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Tang L, Jin Y, Xia J, Hu Y. Age at SARS-CoV-2 infection and psychological and physical recovery among Chinese health care workers with severe COVID-19 at 28 months after discharge: A cohort study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1086830. [PMID: 36908474 PMCID: PMC9992871 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1086830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background No prior study had reported the psychological and physical recovery of patients with COVID-19 2~3 years after discharge from the hospital. Moreover, it is not clear whether there is any difference in the health status of the patients with COVID-19 of different ages after discharge from the hospital. Methods Embedding in the "Rehabilitation Care Project for Medical Staff Infected with COVID-19" in China, this study included 271 health care workers (HCWs) with severe COVID-19. Their status of health-related quality of life, persistent symptoms, functional fitness and immune function at 28 months after discharge were followed, and compared according to tertiles of age at SARS-CoV-2 infection (group of younger (≤ 33 years); medium (34-42 years); and older (≥43 years)). Multivariate linear regression and multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were applied in investigating the associations of age at SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. Results At 28 months after discharge, 76% of the HCWs with severe COVID-19 had symptom of fatigue/weakness; 18.7% of the HCWs with severe COVID-19 did not fully recover their functional fitness; the decrease of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and the increase of natural killer cells accounted for 6.6, 6.6, and 5.5%, respectively. Compared with the HCWs with severe COVID-19 in younger group, HCWs with severe COVID-19 in older group had lower scores regarding physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain and role emotional; HCWs with severe COVID-19 in older group had higher risk of cough, joint pain, hearing loss and sleep disorder; HCWs with severe COVID-19 in older group scored lower on flexibility test. The variance of relative numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells among HCWs with severe COVID-19 of different age groups were significant. Conclusions This study demonstrated that older HCWs with severe COVID-19 recovered slower than those with younger age regarding health-related quality of life, persistent symptoms, functional fitness and immune function at 28 months after discharge. Effective exercise interventions regarding flexibility should be performed timely to speed their rehabilitation, especially among those with older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijuan Xiong
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiongjing Cao
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huangguo Xiong
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunzhou Fan
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Bhattacharya M, Gaur K. Transcendental meditation, education, health and wellbeing: a spiritual approach. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2022.2153098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monali Bhattacharya
- Department of English, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Associate Professor, Humanities and Social Sciences
| | - Kamna Gaur
- Department of English, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
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Alawna M, Mohamed AA. An integrated intervention combining cognitive-behavioural stress management and progressive muscle relaxation improves immune biomarkers and reduces COVID-19 severity and progression in patients with COVID-19: A randomized control trial. Stress Health 2022; 38:978-988. [PMID: 35393715 PMCID: PMC9111066 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a world disaster. In response to COVID-19 quarantine, stress, anxiety, and depression may easily develop which negatively affect immunity and decrease the patient's response against the COVID-19 virus. This study investigated the effect of an integrated intervention combining cognitive-behavioural stress management (CBSM) and progressive muscle relaxation (PMRs) on immune biomarkers and disease severity and progression in patients with COVID-19 and the period to which these changes last. Thirty patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 were randomly distributed into intervention and control groups. The intervention group performed an integrated intervention combining CBSM and PMRs. There were three outcome measures including blood immune markers, salivary immunoglobulin A, and Wisconsin scale (WIS). Two-week post-intervention, there were significant differences between groups in the WIS total score, Leucocytes, Lymphocytes, Interleukin-6, and Immunoglobulin-A. While there were non-significant differences between both groups in Interleukin-10 and TNF-α. The significant differences between groups in the WIS total score, Leucocytes, Lymphocytes, Interleukin-6, and Immunoglobulin-A significantly continued 1 week as a follow-up. This study concluded that performing an integrated intervention combining CBSM and PMRs for 2 weeks significantly increases immune biomarkers mainly Leucocytes, Lymphocytes, Interleukin-10, and Interleukin-6 along with S-IgA. Also, this protocol significantly decreases disease severity and associated stress, anxiety, and depression; and enhances the quality of life in patients with COVID-19. The study was retrospectively registered with NCT04998708.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaz Alawna
- Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Graduate SciencesArab American UniversityJeninPalestine
| | - Ayman A. Mohamed
- Department of Basic SciencesFaculty of Physical TherapyBeni‐Suef UniversityBeni SuefEgypt
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Porter N, Jason LA. Mindfulness Meditation Interventions for Long COVID: Biobehavioral Gene Expression and Neuroimmune Functioning. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2599-2626. [PMID: 36387947 PMCID: PMC9653042 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s379653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Some individuals infected with SARS CoV-2 have developed Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS CoV-2 infection (PASC) or what has been referred to as Long COVID. Efforts are underway to find effective treatment strategies for those with Long COVID. One possible approach involves alternative medical interventions, which have been widely used to treat and manage symptoms of a variety of medical problems including post-viral infections. Meditation has been found to reduce fatigue and unrefreshing sleep, and for those with post-viral infections, it has enhanced immunity, and reduced inflammatory-driven pathogenesis. Our article summarizes the literature on what is known about mindfulness meditation interventions, and reviews evidence on how it may apply to those with Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Evidence is reviewed suggesting effective and sustainable outcomes may be achieved for symptomatology and underlying pathology of post-viral fatigue (PASC and ME/CFS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Porter
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leonard A Jason
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Yu JE, Eun D, Jee YS. Daily Life Patterns, Psychophysical Conditions, and Immunity of Adolescents in the COVID-19 Era: A Mixed Research with Qualitative Interviews by a Quasi-Experimental Retrospective Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10061152. [PMID: 35742203 PMCID: PMC9222600 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the daily lifestyle changes, prevalence of psychological depression, physical health status, and immunity of adolescents in Korea resulting from increased isolation and social restriction due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: All subjects included 17-year-old male adolescents. A total of 117 subjects were assigned to one of four groups according to the degree of depression based on item #6 in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) questionnaire as follows: no-depression group (NDG, n = 71; 61.0%), low-depression group (LDG, n = 23; 19.0%), moderate-depression group (MDG, n = 15; 13.0%), and high-depression group (HDG, n = 8; 7.0%). This study analyzed the data using quantitative and qualitative methods to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affects adolescents’ daily lives, psychophysiological conditions, and immune function. Results: This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects the daily lifestyle pattern, psychophysical condition, and immunocytes of adolescents. In terms of depression, 39.0% of adolescents felt depressed, and 7% of them felt depressed almost every day. Overall, HDG considered themselves unhealthy and felt prone to immune diseases, such as colds. HDG were prone to sleep late, eat more frequently, and work out less. Regarding physical fitness factors, the cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, and power of HDG were significantly lower than those of NDG, LDG, and MDG. Moreover, HDG had the worst body composition, including the lowest muscle mass. Finally, natural killer (NK) cells and T cells were significantly different among groups, with the levels in HDG being significantly lower than those of the other three groups. Conclusions: Since the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects the daily lives, psychophysical conditions, and immunocytes of adolescents, there is an urgent need to create and provide solutions to adolescents with depression though the number of subjects is few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Yu
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, #145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Denny Eun
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, #50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.E.); (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Yong-Seok Jee
- Department of Leisure and Marine Sports, Hanseo University, #1 Hanseo-ro, Haemi-myeon, Seosan 31962, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.E.); (Y.-S.J.)
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Detraining Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Fitness, Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein and Immunocytes in Men of Various Age Groups. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031845. [PMID: 35162870 PMCID: PMC8835692 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus II, levels of physical inactivity have become more severe and widespread than ever before. Physical inactivity is known to have a negative effect on the human body, but the extent to which reduced physical fitness has effected immune function before and after the current pandemic has not yet been uncovered. The aim of this study was to investigate the detraining effects of the COVID-19 confinement period on physical fitness, immunocytes, inflammatory cytokines, and proteins in various age groups. The participants of this study included sixty-four male adults who did not exercise during the pandemic, although they had exercised regularly before. Materials and Methods: Participants were classified by age group, which included the 20s group (20s’G, n = 14), 30s group (30s’G, n = 12), 40s group (40s’G, n = 12), 50s group (50s’G, n = 12), and 60s group (60s’G, n = 14). Results: Regarding body composition, muscle mass significantly decreased, whereas fat mass, fat percentage, and waist/hip ratio significantly increased in most groups. Cardiopulmonary endurance and strength significantly decreased in all groups, while muscle endurance and flexibility decreased in some groups compared to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic. This study confirmed the immunocytopenia and enhanced inflammation due to physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a greater detrimental decrease mainly after the age of 50. Conclusion: This study confirmed a decrease in physical fitness after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by an increase in fat mass and a decrease in muscle mass, thereby increasing cytokines and reducing immunocytes in the body. While social distancing is important during the pandemic, maintaining physical fitness should also be a top priority.
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Rasalkar AA, Bhatia S, Katte T, Narayanan P, Vinjamuri S, Shettihalli AK, Kabade S, Manas RN, Kadappa V, Reddy DNS. COVID-19 and its impact on cancer, HIV, and mentally ill patients. LESSONS FROM COVID-19 2022. [PMCID: PMC9347297 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99878-9.00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its disease, COVID-19 is a global pandemic creating an unprecedented medical as well economic havoc across the world. Despite the wide spread global infection rates, the death rate is low for COVID-19. However, COVID-19 patients with other comorbid conditions face severe health complications irrespective of their gender or age. As the management of COVID-19 patients is taking up health resources, it is getting difficult to treat patients suffering from other dreadful diseases like cancer, HIV, and mental health issues. In this chapter, we discuss the effects of COVID-19 and management of cancer patients of main cancer subtypes (e.g., breast, lung, blood cancers), and patients affected with HIV and mental health issues. Finally, we also add a perspective on Ayurvedic treatment and its efficacy on COVID-19 patients.
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Tseng AA. Scientific Evidence of Health Benefits by Practicing Mantra Meditation: Narrative Review. Int J Yoga 2022; 15:89-95. [PMID: 36329765 PMCID: PMC9623891 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_53_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantra meditation (MM) is one of the simplest and most effective meditative practices suitable for both novice and skillful meditators. It has attracted a significant number of practitioners for various health benefits or for spiritual inspiration. The scope of this review article focuses on the examination of the health benefits of practicing MM without considering the motivation by spiritual rewarding or cultivation. Through the examination, we attempt to confirm and to add scientific evidence on the benefits of mental and physical health to the practitioners. We review a large number of the recent studies of MM for understanding the mechanism in yielding medical benefits and for analyzing the quantitative evidence of the trial outcomes. The review covers four important areas: stress, anxiety, hypertension, and immunity, with the hope to evoke more studies to refine the current evidence and to encourage more studies in other promising areas. Furthermore, the review gives more attention or discussion on more recent, original, and stronger studies. The discussion can include the strong or weak points of the reviewed studies. The review discovers evidence that MM can provide various degrees of beneficial effects on the four areas considered. Studies with larger participants, superior quality, and a few others are recommended to draw firm conclusions. Several promising research areas and directions are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ampere A. Tseng
- Director and Professor Emeritus, Manufacturing Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA,Address for correspondence: Prof. Ampere A. Tseng, Arizona State University, ECG301, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. E-mail:
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Umesh C, Ramakrishna KK, Jasti N, Bhargav H, Varambally S. Role of Ayurveda and Yoga-Based lifestyle in the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Narrative Review. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 13:100493. [PMID: 34305355 PMCID: PMC8286865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an immense challenge to health care systems around the globe in terms of limited health care facilities and proven medical therapeutics to address the symptoms of the infection. The current health care strategies have primarily focused on either the pathogen on the environmental factors. However, efforts towards strengthening the host immunity are important from public health perspective to prevent the spread of infection and downregulate the potency of the agent. While a vaccine can induce specific immunity in the host, non-specific ways of improving overall host immunity are the need. This scenario has paved the way for the use of traditional Indian therapies such as Ayurveda and Yoga. This review aims at collating available evidence on Ayurveda, Yoga and COVID-19. Further, it draws inferences from recent studies on Yoga and Ayurveda on immunity, respiratory health and mental health respectively to approximate its probable role in prophylaxis and as an add-on management option for the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikkanna Umesh
- Department of Integrative Medicine, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Nishitha Jasti
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Hemant Bhargav
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Shivarama Varambally
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Narayanan S, Tennison J, Cohen L, Urso C, Subramaniam B, Bruera E. Yoga-Based Breathing Techniques for Health Care Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic: Interests, Feasibility, and Acceptance. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:706-709. [PMID: 33835830 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The authors explored the feasibility of virtual yoga-based breathwork and meditation among health care workers (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Consented employees of a large cancer center accessed a video of breathwork called "Simha Kriya" to be practiced for 4 weeks. Results: Of 217 participants who expressed interest within 2 weeks, 90 were recruited to the study in 1 month and 100 in 2 months. Of 69 participants who provided data between weeks 1 and 4, 77% perceived the intervention as useful. Conclusions: Yoga-based breathing practices were feasible and acceptable among HCW in the setting of a pandemic. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04482647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosshi Narayanan
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jegy Tennison
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorenzo Cohen
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Urso
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Balachundar Subramaniam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Mishra A, Bentur SA, Thakral S, Garg R, Duggal B. The use of integrative therapy based on Yoga and Ayurveda in the treatment of a high-risk case of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 with multiple comorbidities: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:95. [PMID: 33627186 PMCID: PMC7903378 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We report a high-risk case of a coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-positive patient with comorbidities including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), hypothyroidism and chronic kidney disease (CKD), treated successfully using an integrative therapy plan based on Ayurveda and Yoga, along with government-mandated compulsory modern western medicine (MWM) treatment. Recently, some evidence has been emerging on the use of Ayurveda for treatment of COVID-19. The classical texts of Ayurvedic medicine such as Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita contain descriptions of pandemics of similar proportions and describe them as Janapadoddhvansa, meaning the destruction of communities, along with their causes and treatment. Case presentation The case reported herein is a 55-year-old man from Delhi, India, with confirmed (tested) COVID-19, who first took MWM for 7 days before seeking integrative therapy. The patient has comorbidities including DM, HTN, hypothyroidism and CKD and had developed symptoms including fever (which was resolved by the time integrative therapy was started), sore throat, dry cough, body aches, weakness, bad taste and smell, and heaviness in the abdomen. Based on the patient’s symptoms and comorbidities, a treatment plan including Ayurvedic medicines, Yoga protocol, dietary recommendations and lifestyle modifications was prescribed by a registered Ayurveda doctor and a Yoga consultant. The patient started experiencing improvement in all the symptoms within 2 days after starting the treatment; he reported approximately \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$75\%$$\end{document}75% relief from the symptoms after 5 days, and almost complete relief within 9 days. Also, the blood sugar levels (both fasting blood sugar [FBS] and postprandial blood sugar [PPBS]) exhibited significant improvement after 5 days, and decreased to within the normal range within 12 days. Besides relief in symptoms, the patient’s real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test done on the 19th day returned negative results. Conclusions Integrative therapy was found to be effective in mitigating the symptoms of COVID-19 in this patient with multiple comorbidities. Moreover, a significant improvement in blood sugar levels (not under control with modern medicine) was also achieved. Integrative therapy based on the classical texts of Ayurveda and Yoga may offer a promising and scalable treatment option for COVID-19 patients. A case series or a suitably designed randomized controlled trial is needed to assess its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Mishra
- Department of Ayurveda and Holistic Health, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, India
| | | | - Sonika Thakral
- Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. .,National Resource Center for Value Education in Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
| | - Rahul Garg
- National Resource Center for Value Education in Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.,Amar Nath and Shashi Khosla School of Information Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Bhanu Duggal
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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Wallace RK, Wallace T. Neuroadaptability and Habit: Modern Medicine and Ayurveda. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57020090. [PMID: 33494269 PMCID: PMC7909780 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In our increasingly stressed world, especially with the COVID-19 pandemic, the activation of the threat network in everyday situations can adversely affect our mental and physical health. Neurophysiological response to these threats/challenges depends on the type of challenge and the individual’s neuroadaptability. Neuroadaptability is defined as the ability of the nervous system to alter responsiveness over time to reoccurring stimuli. Neuroadaptability differs from neuroplasticity, which is more inclusive and refers to the ability of the nervous system to change and learn from any experience. We examine neuroadaptability and how it affects health from the perspective of modern medicine and Ayurveda.
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15
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Bushell W, Castle R, Williams MA, Brouwer KC, Tanzi RE, Chopra D, Mills PJ. Meditation and Yoga Practices as Potential Adjunctive Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19: A Brief Overview of Key Subjects. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 26:547-556. [PMID: 32579021 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Editor's Note: As an acute condition quickly associated with multiple chronic susceptibilities, COVID-19 has rekindled interest in, and controversy about, the potential role of the host in disease processes. While hundreds of millions of research dollars have been funneled into drug and vaccine solutions that target the external agent, integrative practitioners tuned to enhancing immunity faced a familiar mostly unfunded task. First, go to school on the virus. Then draw from the global array of natural therapies and practices with host-enhancing or anti-viral capabilities to suggest integrative treatment strategies. The near null-set of conventional treatment options propels this investigation. In this paper, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of California-San Diego, Chopra Library for Integrative Studies, and Harvard University share one such exploration. Their conclusion, that "certain meditation, yoga asana (postures), and pranayama (breathing) practices may possibly be effective adjunctive means of treating and/or preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection" underscores the importance of this rekindling. At JACM, we are pleased to have the opportunity to publish this work. We hope that it might help diminish in medicine and health the polarization that, like so much in the broader culture, seems to be an obstacle to healing. -John Weeks, Editor-in-Chief, JACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bushell
- Biophysical/Medical Anthropology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Chopra Library for Integrative Studies, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AK, USA
| | - Ryan Castle
- Chopra Library for Integrative Studies, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AK, USA
| | - Michelle A Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly C Brouwer
- Division of Global Health, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Chopra Library for Integrative Studies, Whole Health Institute, Bentonville, AK, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Mills
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Institute for Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR, Majumdar V. A Perspective on Yoga as a Preventive Strategy for Coronavirus Disease 2019. Int J Yoga 2020; 13:89-98. [PMID: 32669762 PMCID: PMC7336943 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_22_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 has led to profound public health crisis. In particular, individuals with preexisting conditions of heart disease, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases and the elderly are most vulnerable to succumb to this infection. The current COVID-19 emergency calls for rapid development of potential prevention and management strategies against this virus-mediated disease. There is a plethora of evidence that supports the add-on benefits of yoga in stress management, as well as prevention and management of chronic noncommunicable diseases. There are some studies on the effect of yoga in communicable diseases as well but very few for acute conditions and almost none for the rapidly spreading infections resulting in pandemics. Based on the available scientific evidences on yoga in improving respiratory and immune functions, we have formulated very simple doable integrated yoga modules in the form of videos to be practiced for prevention of the disease by children, adults, and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagarathna
- Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H R Nagendra
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaya Majumdar
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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17
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Dagli RJ. Increasing Immunity to Fight against Novel COVID-19: Noninvasive Public Health Approach. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:125-126. [PMID: 32670898 PMCID: PMC7339988 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_137_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rushabh Jayeshbhai Dagli
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Rajasthan, India
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Shrihari T. BETA ENDORPHINS - HOLISTIC THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO CANCER. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2019; 17:111-114. [PMID: 32669986 PMCID: PMC7358813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Endorphins are endogenous morphine, neuropeptides, produced in the pituitary gland in response to stress and pain. There are three types of endorphins beta-endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins binds to mu, kappa, and delta receptors situated on nervous system and immune cells. Cancer is a major threat to mankind killing millions of people around the world annually. There has been recent advancements in the field of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, still the prognosis of cancer patients not improved much with increasing morbidity. We can't kill cancer cells without killing normal cells. Cancer cells and normal cells work alike. The aim of the review was to determine the anticancer activities of beta-endorphins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles regarding endorphins and its therapeutic application in cancer were searched on PubMed and Google scholar. This review includes studies, reviews, clinical trials and key findings of my research were included in the manuscript. RESULTS Beta-endorphin is an abundant endorphin, potent than morphine, synthesized and secreted in the anterior pituitary gland, it is a precursor of POMC (proopiomelanocortin). It has got various mechanisms of action such as analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immune stimulatory activity, stress buster activity, and euphoric activity. CONCLUSION Beta endorphin is an abundant endogenous morphine used for natural holistic preventive, therapeutic, promotive, and palliative treatment of cancer without adverse effects and inexpensive.
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Peckham SB, Ionson E, Nassim M, Ojha K, Palaniyappan L, Gati J, Thebérge J, Lazosky A, Speechley M, Barušs I, Rej S, Vasudev A. Sahaj Samadhi meditation vs a Health Enhancement Program in improving late-life depression severity and executive function: study protocol for a two-site, randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:605. [PMID: 31651355 PMCID: PMC6814044 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent estimates suggest an 11% prevalence of current late-life depression (LLD) and a lifetime prevalence of 16–20%. LLD leads to cognitive disturbance as well as a nearly two to three times increased risk of dementia. We conducted a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) which demonstrated that Sahaj Samadhi meditation (SSM), an easy-to-implement, meditation-based augmentation strategy, led to higher rates of symptom remission when compared to treatment as usual (40.0 vs 16.3%; odds ratio, 3.36; 95% CI 1.06–10.64; p = 0.040). Here we present a protocol describing a two-site, blinded, RCT, comparing an SSM arm to an active-control arm – a Health Enhancement Program (HEP) intervention – in their ability to reduce depressive symptoms and improve executive functioning, among several other exploratory outcomes. Methods/design One hundred and ninety-two (n = 192) participants with LLD will be recruited at two sites (London, ON, Canada, and Montreal, QC, Canada). Participants will undergo stratified randomization with regards to site and the presence of treatment-resistant-LLD (TR-LLD) or not, to either SSM or HEP. We will assess change in (1) depression severity using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), (2) executive functioning, and (3) other exploratory physiological and mood-based measures, at baseline (0 weeks), post intervention (12 weeks), and 26 weeks after baseline. Raters, clinicians, and care providers will be blinded to group allocation while participants will be blinded to the study hypotheses. Discussion This study should more definitively assess whether SSM can be used as an augmentation strategy in routine clinical care for patients suffering from LLD and TR-LLD. If the effects of SSM are significantly better than HEP, it will offer support for the routine use of this intervention to manage LLD/TR-LLD and comorbid declines in executive dysfunction. The results of this study could also inform whether SSM can improve/prevent cognitive decline in LLD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03564041. Registered on 20 June 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Benjamin Peckham
- Geriatric Mood Disorders Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Ionson
- Geriatric Mood Disorders Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marouane Nassim
- McGill Meditation and Mind-Body Medicine Research Clinic (MMMM-RC), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Geri-PARTy Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joe Gati
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Thebérge
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Lazosky
- London Health Sciences Centre, #A2-607, Victoria Hospital, LHSC, 800 Commissioners Road East, N6A 5W9, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Speechley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Imants Barušs
- Department of Psychology, King's University College, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Soham Rej
- McGill Meditation and Mind-Body Medicine Research Clinic (MMMM-RC), Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Geri-PARTy Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Akshya Vasudev
- Geriatric Mood Disorders Laboratory, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,London Health Sciences Centre, #A2-607, Victoria Hospital, LHSC, 800 Commissioners Road East, N6A 5W9, London, ON, Canada.
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20
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Torkamani F, Aghayousefi A, Alipour A, Nami M. Effects of Single-Session Group Mantra-meditation on Salivary Immunoglobulin A and Affective State: A Psychoneuroimmunology Viewpoint. Explore (NY) 2018; 14:114-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Yang C, Gao J, Du J, Yang X, Jiang J. Altered Neuroendocrine Immune Responses, a Two-Sword Weapon against Traumatic Inflammation. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1409-1419. [PMID: 29209145 PMCID: PMC5715524 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the occurrence and development of injury (trauma, hemorrhagic shock, ischemia and hypoxia), the neuroendocrine and immune system act as a prominent navigation leader and possess an inter-system crosstalk between the reciprocal information dissemination. The fundamental reason that neuroendocrinology and immunology could mix each other and permeate toward the field of traumatology is owing to their same biological languages or chemical information molecules (hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, cytokines and their corresponding receptors) shared by the neuroendocrine and immune systems. The immune system is not only modulated by the neuroendocrine system, but also can modulate the biological functions of the neuroendocrine system. The interactive linkage of these three systems precipitates the complicated space-time patterns for the courses of traumatic inflammation. Recently, compelling evidence indicates that the network linkage pattern that initiating agents of neuroendocrine responses, regulatory elements of immune cells and effecter targets for immune regulatory molecules arouse the resistance mechanism disorders, which supplies the beneficial enlightenment for the diagnosis and therapy of traumatic complications from the view of translational medicine. Here we review the alternative protective and detrimental roles as well as possible mechanisms of the neuroendocrine immune responses in traumatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xuetao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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Abstract
Medical yoga is defined as the use of yoga practices for the prevention and treatment of medical conditions. Beyond the physical elements of yoga, which are important and effective for strengthening the body, medical yoga also incorporates appropriate breathing techniques, mindfulness, and meditation in order to achieve the maximum benefits. Multiple studies have shown that yoga can positively impact the body in many ways, including helping to regulate blood glucose levels, improve musculoskeletal ailments and keeping the cardiovascular system in tune. It also has been shown to have important psychological benefits, as the practice of yoga can help to increase mental energy and positive feelings, and decrease negative feelings of aggressiveness, depression and anxiety.
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Rao N, Kemper KJ. Online Training in Specific Meditation Practices Improves Gratitude, Well-Being, Self-Compassion, and Confidence in Providing Compassionate Care Among Health Professionals. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2016; 22:237-241. [PMID: 27055823 DOI: 10.1177/2156587216642102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind-body practices that intentionally generate positive emotion could improve health professionals' well-being and compassion. However, the feasibility and impact of clinician training in these practices is unknown. Data were analyzed from 3 online modules offered to health professionals: ( a) Gratitude, ( b) Positive Word, and ( c) Loving-kindness/Compassion meditation. Paired t tests were used to assess pre- to posttraining changes in gratitude (Gratitude Questionnaire), well-being (World Health Organization Well-Being Index), self-compassion (Neff's Self-Compassion Scale), and confidence in providing compassionate care (Confidence in Providing Calm, Compassionate Care Scale). The 177 enrollees included diverse practitioners (nurses, physicians, social workers, and others). Training was associated with statistically significant improvements in gratitude (38.3 ± 4.6 to 39.5 ± 3.3), well-being (16.4 ± 4.0 to 17.9 ± 4.2), self-compassion (39.5 ± 8.1 to 43.1 ± 7.6), and confidence in providing compassionate care (73.3 ± 16.4 to 80.9 ± 13.8; P < .001 for all comparisons). Brief, online training appeals to diverse health professionals and improves their gratitude, well-being, self-compassion, and confidence in providing compassionate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Rao
- 1 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Bn Gangadhar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
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