1
|
Kokila NR, Mahesh B, Ramu R, Mruthunjaya K, Bettadaiah BK, Madhyastha H. Inhibitory effect of gallic acid from Thunbergia mysorensis against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, aldose reductase and their interaction: Inhibition kinetics and molecular simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10642-10658. [PMID: 36533383 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2156923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this exploration, we assessed the antihyperglycaemic properties of methanol extract of flowers of Thunbergia mysorensis (MeT) against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and aldose reductase enzymes for the effective management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia occurs when the body lacks enough insulin or is unable to correctly utilize it. MeT inhibited both the carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) and aldose reductase, which are vital for the therapeutic control of postprandial hyperglycaemia. MeT was also found to have significant antioxidant activity. Using several spectroscopic approaches, the primary active component found in MeT was identified as gallic acid. With low Ki values, gallic acid significantly inhibited α-glucosidase (30.86 µg/mL) and α-amylase (6.50 µg/mL). Also, MeT and gallic acid both inhibited aldose reductase effectively, corresponding to an IC50 value of 3.31 and 3.05 µg/mL. Our findings imply that the presence of polyphenol compounds (identified via HPLC analysis) is more likely to be responsible for the antihyperglycaemic role exhibited by MeT via the inhibition of α-glucosidase and the polyol pathway. Further, gallic acid interacted with the key residues of the active sites of α-glucosidase (-6.4 kcal/mol), α-amylase (-5.8 kcal/mol) and aldose reductase (-5.8 kcal/mol) as observed in the protein-ligand docking. It was also predicted that gallic acid was stable inside the binding pockets of the target enzymes during molecular dynamics simulation. Overall, gallic acid derived from MeT via bioassay-guided isolation emerges as a natural antidiabetic drug and can be taken into in vivo and clinical studies shortly.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N R Kokila
- Department of Chemistry, JSS Academy of Technical Education,(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Bengaluru, India
| | - B Mahesh
- Department of Chemistry, JSS Academy of Technical Education,(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Bengaluru, India
| | - Ramith Ramu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - K Mruthunjaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - B K Bettadaiah
- Spices and Flavour Science Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Omoruyi BE, Volschenk H, Gelderblom WCA, Lilly M. Biocontrol of Fusarium Species Utilizing Indigenous Rooibos and Honeybush Extracts. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0274222. [PMID: 37222581 PMCID: PMC10269529 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02742-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by several Fusarium species have a significant effect on reducing maize yield and grain quality and have led to food safety concerns. The antifungal activities of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia species) tea extracts reduced the growth of plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea, but their efficacy against Fusarium spp. is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of fermented and unfermented rooibos (A. linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia subternata) aqueous extracts as well as green tea (Camellia sinensis) against 10 Fusarium species. Conidial viability was assessed by fluorescence microscopy dyes, ATP production was determined using the BacTiter-Glo assay, the mode of action was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quantification of polyphenols was done using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Fermented rooibos extract demonstrated the highest antifungal activity (P < 0.0001) against Fusarium verticillioides MRC 826-E, Fusarium subglutinans MRC 8553, Fusarium proliferatum MRC 8549, and Fusarium globosum MRC 6647, with only 9.53%, 9.26%, 11.0%, and 12.7% ATP production, respectively, followed by antifungal activity of the fermented C. subternata extract against F. subglutinans MRC 8553, F. subglutinans MRC 8554, F. proliferatum MRC 8550, and F. verticillioides MRC 826-E with 3.79%, 6.04%, 6.04%, and 8.40% ATP production, respectively. Extract-treated conidia examined by SEM exhibited disruption of conidial hyphae and collapsed spores. Overall, the fermented rooibos and C. subternata extracts showed higher antifungal activity against the Fusarium species than the unfermented extracts. IMPORTANCE In maize subsistence farming areas in South Africa, daily consumption of maize contaminated by high level of mycotoxins contributes to long-term health effects such as immune deficiency and cancer. Biocontrol methods that are safe and cost-effective are critical to addressing this public health problem. Plant extracts known as biocides or green pesticides are alternatives to chemical pesticides due to their safety and eco-friendly properties. In South Africa, rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia species) contain polyphenols with significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. These indigenous herbal teas are widely available and consumed in South Africa and have potential as an innovative approach to reduce mycotoxin levels and, subsequently, human and animal exposure to these toxins. This study evaluates the efficacy of the antifungal activities of several aqueous extracts prepared from fermented and unfermented rooibos (A. linearis), honeybush (Cyclopia subternata), and green tea (Camellia sinensis) on 10 Fusarium strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beauty E. Omoruyi
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heinrich Volschenk
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wentzel C. A. Gelderblom
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mariska Lilly
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patil SM, Phanindra B, Shirahatti PS, Martiz RM, Sajal H, Babakr AT, Ramu R. Computational approaches to define poncirin from Magnolia champaka leaves as a novel multi-target inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13078-13097. [PMID: 36695109 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2171137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical-based drug discovery against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the focus of the current scenario. In this context, we aimed to perform the phytochemical profiling of Magnolia champaka, an evergreen tree from the Magnoliaceae family, in order to perform a virtual screening of its phytoconstituents against different biological targets of SARS-CoV-2. The phytochemicals identified from the ethanol extract of M. champaka leaves using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) technique were screened against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6M0J), main protease/Mpro (PDB ID: 6LU7), and papain-like protease/PLpro (PDB ID: 7CMD) through computational tools. The experimentation design included molecular docking simulation, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculations. Through molecular docking simulation, we identified poncirin as a common potential inhibitor of all the above-mentioned target proteins. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy calculations, and PCA analysis also supported the outcomes of the virtual screening. By the virtue of all the in silico results obtained, poncirin could be taken for in vitro and in vivo studies in near future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank M Patil
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskar Phanindra
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Reshma Mary Martiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Harshit Sajal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdullatif Taha Babakr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry - College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramith Ramu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patil SM, Martiz RM, Ramu R, Shirahatti PS, Prakash A, Kumar BRP, Kumar N. Evaluation of flavonoids from banana pseudostem and flower (quercetin and catechin) as potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase: An in silico perspective. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12491-12505. [PMID: 34488558 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1971561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The amelioration of postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic conditions could be accomplished by the inhibition of α-glucosidases, a set of intestinal carbohydrate digestive enzymes responsible for starch hydrolysis and its absorption. The ethnopharmacological profile of banana depicts the usage of different plant parts in conventional medicinal formulations. The antidiabetic studies of the plant have demonstrated their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase. Besides, our research group has reported the α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the banana pseudostem and flower extracts in previous studies. In this study, we deliberate on the specific phytoconstituents of banana pseudostem and flower to evaluate their antidiabetic effects through an in silico perspective for the α-glucosidase inhibition. In this context, several phytoconstituents of banana pseudostem and flower identified through GC-MS analysis were retrieved from chemical databases. These phytochemicals were virtually screened through the molecular docking simulation process, from which only two flavonoids (catechin and quercetin) were selected based on their binding affinity and extent of interaction with the α-glucosidase target protein. The lower binding affinities of catechin and quercetin in comparison with that of acarbose as a control proved their binding efficiency with the target protein. In addition, acarbose showed subservient molecular interaction, forming an unfavourable acceptor-acceptor bond. The molecular dynamics simulations also depicted the effective binding and stability of the complexes formed with catechin and quercetin, in comparison with that of acarbose. Further, PASS analysis, druglikeliness, and pharmacokinetic assessments showed that both catechin and quercetin edge over acarbose in terms of drug-score and pharmacokinetic properties. With the positive results obtained from contemporary strategies, the two flavonoids from banana pseudostem and flower might be established as a considerable phototherapeutic approach to inhibit α-glucosidase. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank M Patil
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Reshma Mary Martiz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramith Ramu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ashwini Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - B R Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (Autonomous), Ujire, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Q, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Xie Y. The antifungal activity of o-vanillin against Aspergillus flavus via disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and promoting oxidative stress, and an RNA-seq analysis thereof. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Chang Y, Harmon PF, Treadwell DD, Carrillo D, Sarkhosh A, Brecht JK. Biocontrol Potential of Essential Oils in Organic Horticulture Systems: From Farm to Fork. Front Nutr 2022; 8:805138. [PMID: 35096947 PMCID: PMC8792766 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.805138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to food safety and organic horticulture. Thus, people are looking for natural products to manage plant diseases, pests, and weeds. Essential oils (EOs) or EO-based products are potentially promising candidates for biocontrol agents due to their safe, bioactive, biodegradable, ecologically, and economically viable properties. Born of necessity or commercial interest to satisfy market demand for natural products, this emerging technology is highly anticipated, but its application has been limited without the benefit of a thorough analysis of the scientific evidence on efficacy, scope, and mechanism of action. This review covers the uses of EOs as broad-spectrum biocontrol agents in both preharvest and postharvest systems. The known functions of EOs in suppressing fungi, bacteria, viruses, pests, and weeds are briefly summarized. Related results and possible modes of action from recent research are listed. The weaknesses of applying EOs are also discussed, such as high volatility and low stability, low water solubility, strong influence on organoleptic properties, and phytotoxic effects. Therefore, EO formulations and methods of incorporation to enhance the strengths and compensate for the shortages are outlined. This review also concludes with research directions needed to better understand and fully evaluate EOs and provides an outlook on the prospects for future applications of EOs in organic horticulture production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Chang
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Philip F. Harmon
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Danielle D. Treadwell
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Carrillo
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey K. Brecht
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gurupadaswamy HD, Ranganatha VL, Ramu R, Patil SM, Khanum SA. Competent synthesis of biaryl analogs via asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling for the development of anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8723806 DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on the core structure of diflunisal drug, herein, we report a resembling series of biaryl analogs (3a–j) containing halogens, nitro, and methoxy substituents. They were designed and synthesized via a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction using Pd (OH)2 as a catalyst at a temperature of 65 °C with an intent to obtain improved and safer anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. Suzuki–Miyaura transformation is the most significant among the cross-coupling reactions since its practical advantages include the commercially available low toxic reagents, mild reaction conditions, and functional group compatibility. On the other hand, a few conditions can be used to cross-couple aryl boronic acids or esters with aryl halides, especially 2-benzyl halides. Because of this, a novel Suzuki–Miyaura protocol is investigated that facilitates the selective conversion of halo aromatics, with an emphasis on the reaction to convert substituted bromobenzene to conjugated biphenyls. Finally, the obtained biaryl analogs (3a–j) were tested for in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic applications. The results showed that compound 3b performed better than the standard drug with IC50 values comparable to that of the standard drug for COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition. Finally, molecular docking tests for the effective compound were carried out.
Collapse
|
8
|
Qu C, Li Z, Wang X. UHPLC-HRMS-Based Untargeted Lipidomics Reveal Mechanism of Antifungal Activity of Carvacrol against Aspergillus flavus. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010093. [PMID: 35010219 PMCID: PMC8750229 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a common contaminant in grain, oil and their products. Its metabolite aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been proved to be highly carcinogenic. Therefore, it is of great importance to find possible antifungal substances to inhibit the growth and toxin production of Aspergillus flavus. Carvacrol (CV) was reported as a potent antifungal monoterpene derived from plants. In this paper, the antifungal effects and mechanism of CV on Aspergillus flavus were investigated. CV was shown good inhibition on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and the production of AFB1. CV used in concentrations ranging from 0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL inhibited the germination of spores, mycelia growth and AFB1 production dose-dependently. To explore the antifungal mechanism of CV on Aspergillus flavus, we also detected the ergosterol content of Aspergillus flavus mycelia, employed Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe mycelia morphology and utilized Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to explore the lipidome profiles of Aspergillus flavus. The results showed that the production of ergosterol of mycelia was reduced as the CV treatment concentration increased. SEM photographs demonstrated a rough surface and a reduction in the thickness of hyphae in Aspergillus flavus treated with CV (200 µg/mL). In positive ion mode, 21 lipids of Aspergillus flavus mycelium were downregulated, and 11 lipids were upregulated after treatment with 200-µg/mL CV. In negative ion mode, nine lipids of Aspergillus flavus mycelium were downregulated, and seven lipids upregulated after treatment with 200-µg/mL CV. In addition, the analysis of different lipid metabolic pathways between the control and 200-µg/mL CV-treated groups demonstrated that glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most enriched pathway related to CV treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenling Qu
- Grain and Oil Storage Department, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Correspondence: (C.Q.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-18623717762 (C.Q.); +86-2786812943 (X.W.)
| | - Zhuozhen Li
- Grain and Oil Storage Department, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Xiupin Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Correspondence: (C.Q.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-18623717762 (C.Q.); +86-2786812943 (X.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Pan L, Fang Y, Wang X, Gu S. Inhibition effect of preservatives or disinfectants on
F. concentricum
from postharvest asparagus (
Asparagus officinalis
L.) spear in vitro and in vivo. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou PR China
| | - Lixiu Pan
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou PR China
| | - Yonggang Fang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou PR China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou PR China
| | - Shuang Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Improvement of shelf-life of mangoes by chitosan coating enriched with cinnamon oil dissolved in Tween 80 combined with ethanol. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Taha TF, Najjar AA, Zabermawi NM, Nader MM, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA, Salama A. Selenium nanoparticles from Lactobacillus paracasei HM1 capable of antagonizing animal pathogenic fungi as a new source from human breast milk. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6782-6794. [PMID: 34866977 PMCID: PMC8626219 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was performed to develop a simple, safe, and cost-effective technique for the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from human breast milk with antifungal activity against animal pathogenic fungi. The LAB was selected based on their speed of transforming sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) to SeNPs. Out of the four identified LAB isolates, only one strain produced dark red color within 32 h of incubation, indicating that this isolate was the fastest in transforming Na2SeO3 to SeNPs; and was chosen for the biosynthesis of LAB-SeNPs. The superior isolate was further identified as Lactobacillus paracasei HM1 (MW390875) based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and phylogenetic tree analysis of 16S rRNA sequence alignments. The optimum experimental conditions for the biosynthesis of SeNPs by L. paracasei HM1 were found to be pH (6.0), temperature (35˚C), Na2SeO3 (4.0 mM), reaction time (32 h), and agitation speed (160 rpm). The ultraviolet absorbance of L. paracasei-SeNPs was detected at 300 nm, and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) captured a diameter range between 3.0 and 50.0 nm. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided a clear image of the active groups associated with the stability of L. paracasei-SeNPs. The size of L. paracasei-SeNPs using dynamic light scattering technique was 56.91 ± 1.8 nm, and zeta potential value was -20.1 ± 0.6 mV in one peak. The data also revealed that L. paracasei-SeNPs effectively inhibited the growth of Candida and Fusarium species, and this was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The current study concluded that the SeNPs obtained from L. paracasei HM1 could be used to prepare biological antifungal formulations effective against major animal pathogenic fungi. The antifungal activity of the biologically synthesized SeNPs using L. paracasei HM1 outperforms the chemically produced SeNPs. In vivo studies showing the antagonistic effect of SeNPs on pathogenic fungi are underway to demonstrate the potential of a therapeutic agent to treat animals against major infectious fungal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Taha F. Taha
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Azhar A. Najjar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidal M. Zabermawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M. Nader
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Synan F. AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ali Salama
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oufensou S, Dessì A, Dallocchio R, Balmas V, Azara E, Carta P, Migheli Q, Delogu G. Molecular Docking and Comparative Inhibitory Efficacy of Naturally Occurring Compounds on Vegetative Growth and Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis in Fusarium culmorum. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110759. [PMID: 34822543 PMCID: PMC8623340 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Fusarium culmorum causes Fusarium head blight in cereals, resulting in yield loss and contamination of the grain by type B trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), and its acetylated derivatives. Synthesis of trichothecenes is driven by a trichodiene synthase (TRI5) that converts farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to trichodiene. In this work, 15 naturally occurring compounds that belong to the structural phenol and hydroxylated biphenyl classes were tested in vitro and in planta (durum wheat) to determine their inhibitory activity towards TRI5. In vitro analysis highlighted the fungicidal effect of these compounds when applied at 0.25 mM. Greenhouse assays showed a strong inhibitory activity of octyl gallate 5, honokiol 13 and the combination propyl gallate 4 + thymol 7 on trichothecene biosynthesis. Docking analyses were run on the 3D model of F. culmorum TRI5 containing the inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) or FPP. Significant ligand affinities with TRI-PPi and TRI-FPP were observed for the same sites for almost all compounds, with 1 and 2 as privileged sites. Octyl gallate 5 and honokiol 13 interacted almost exclusively with sites 1 and 2, by concurrently activating strong H-bonds with common sets of amino acids. These results open new perspectives for the targeted search of naturally occurring compounds that may find practical application in the eco-friendly control of FHB in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Dessì
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Roberto Dallocchio
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Emanuela Azara
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Paola Carta
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (P.C.); (G.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Azizi-Lalabadi M, Rahimzadeh-Sani Z, Feng J, Hosseini H, Jafari SM. The impact of essential oils on the qualitative properties, release profile, and stimuli-responsiveness of active food packaging nanocomposites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1822-1845. [PMID: 34486886 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Food industries attempt to introduce a new food packaging by blending essential oils (EOs) into the polymeric matrix as an active packaging, which has great ability to preserve the quality of food and increase its shelf life by releasing active compounds within storage. The main point in designing the active packaging is controlled-release of active substances for their enhanced activity. Biopolymers are functional substances, which suggest structural integrity to sense external stimuli like temperature, pH, or ionic strength. The controlled release of EOs from active packaging and their stimuli-responsive properties can be very important for practical applications of these novel biocomposites. EOs can affect the uniformity of the polymeric matrix and physical and structural characteristics of the composites, such as moisture content, solubility in water, water vapor transmission rate, elongation at break, and tensile strength. To measure the ingredients of EOs and their migration from food packaging, chromatographic methods can be used. A head-space-solid phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technique is as a good process for evaluating the release of Eos. Therefore, the aims of this review were to evaluate the qualitative characteristics, release profile, and stimuli-responsiveness of active and smart food packaging nanocomposites loaded with essential oils and developing such multi-faceted packaging for advanced applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azizi-Lalabadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Rahimzadeh-Sani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jianguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hamed Hosseini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Antifungal efficacy of paeonol on Aspergillus flavus and its mode of action on cell walls and cell membranes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
15
|
Novel Prosopis juliflora leaf ethanolic extract as natural antimicrobial agent against food spoiling microorganisms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7871. [PMID: 33846384 PMCID: PMC8041821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh produces spoilage is a worldwide concern that accompany the global increase in food demand. Adverse human health and environmental effects of commercial spoilage control agents are major public concern. In this study, Prosopis juliflora leaves and fruit extracts had their antimicrobial activities evaluated against the growth of selected bacteria and yeast, and against mycelial growth and conidial germination of selected mycotoxins-producing fungi. P. juliflora water-soluble leaf ethanolic (PJ-WS-LE) extract with its novel extraction method showed the strongest antibacterial activity. Antimicrobial tests showed total inhibition of Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with MICs ranging between 0.125 and 1 mg/ml. Percent inhibition of mycelial growth (PIMG) of the extract was also determined against seven other fungal strains with highest value against Geotrichum candidum (66.2%). Even the least affected fungal strain showed alterations in their hyphae and spores exposed to PJ-WS-LE extract when observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), alterations include exfoliated flakes, pores, vacuolation and applanation. Small-scale fruit bioassays controlled experiment showed high efficacy of the extract in protecting inoculated cherry tomato samples from B. cinerea and A. alternata infections. In conclusion, PJ-WS-LE extract is a feasible, natural antifungal agent that can replace common anti-spoiling chemicals.
Collapse
|
16
|
A review of the methods used to determine the target site or the mechanism of action of essential oils and their components against fungi. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractEssential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of compounds derived from plants that exhibit antimicrobial activity. Several studies have demonstrated their antifungal activity in food matrices or in vitro via vapor phase or direct addition. Recently, researchers are focusing on elucidating the target site or the mechanism of action of various EOs. Past research has suggested evidence of how EOs act in the fungal cells via assays assessed from cell wall alterations or gene expression modifications. However, no previous reports have summarized most methods for finding the target site of the mechanism of action for EOs. Therefore, this review presents the methods and assays used to discover the target site or the mechanism of action of EOs against fungal cells. Researchers commonly analyze the plasma membrane integrity using various techniques as well as the changes in cell morphology. Meanwhile, the quantification of the activity of the mitochondrial enzymes, ROS species, and gene expression are less assayed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Córdoba S, Vivot W, Szusz W, Albo G. Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils Against Candida Species Isolated from Clinical Samples. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:615-623. [PMID: 31359292 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of essential oils obtained from the aromatic plants Laurus nobilis, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia junelliana against the following Candida species isolated from clinical samples: C. krusei (n = 10); C. albicans (n = 50); C. glabrata (n = 70) and C. parapsilosis (n = 80). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to EDef 7.3.1 document from EUCAST. Amphotericin B and fluconazole were the antifungal drugs used as inhibition control. The concentration ranges evaluated were 0.4-800 and 0.03-128 mg l-1 for essential oils and antifungal drugs, respectively. MIC50 and MIC90, mode and ranges were calculated. All the Candida spp. evaluated were susceptible to amphotericin B (MIC ≤ 1 mg l-1), while fluconazole was inactive for C. krusei (MIC ≥ 32 mg l-1) and intermediate for C. glabrata (MIC≤ 32 mg l-1). The essential oils showed antifungal activity on Candida spp. tested with MIC90 values ranging from 0.8 to 800 mg l-1. In general, the most active essential oils were L. nobilis and T. vulgaris (MIC90 0.8-0.16 mg l-1), and the least active was C. officinalis (MIC90 400-800 mg l-1). C. krusei was inhibited by 5/6 of the essential oils evaluated, and C. glabrata was the least susceptible one. This in vitro study confirms the antifungal activity of these six essential oils assayed which could be a potential source of new molecules useful to control fungal infections caused by some Candida species, including those resistant to antifungal drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Córdoba
- Departamento Micología, INEI ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, CP 1281, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Cátedra Micología Médica e Industrial, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 119. La Plata, CP 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - W Vivot
- Departamento Micología, INEI ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, CP 1281, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W Szusz
- Departamento Micología, INEI ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, CP 1281, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Albo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 119. La Plata, CP 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Effects of Mentha × piperita Essential Oil on C. albicans Growth, Transition, Biofilm Formation, and the Expression of Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases Genes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8010010. [PMID: 30704020 PMCID: PMC6466576 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in resistance and changes in the spectrum of Candida infections have generated enormous interest in developing new antifungal drugs using natural molecules such as plant essential oils (EOs). Antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms has been reported for EOs. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of Mentha × piperita essential oil (EO) on C. albicans growth, transition (change from blastospore to hyphae forms), and biofilm formation as well as on the expression of certain virulent genes. We show that whole EO and its vapor attenuated the yeast’s growth, compared to that in the control. The effect of the EO was comparable to that of amphotericin-B (AmB). The EO and its vapor significantly decreased the morphological changes of C. albicans, reduced biofilm formation, and disrupted mature C. albicans biofilms. The effect produced by whole EO on biofilm formation/disruption was notably comparable to that observed with AmB. Exposure of C. albicans to EO and its vapor downregulated the expression of various genes, such as secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP 1, 2, 3, 9, 10) and hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1). Altogether, these results provide new insight into the efficacy of Mentha × piperita EO against C. albicans and suggest the potential of Mentha × piperita EO for use as an antifungal therapy in multiple applications.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yan DH, Song X, Li H, Luo T, Dou G, Strobel G. Antifungal Activities of Volatile Secondary Metabolites of Four Diaporthe Strains Isolated from Catharanthus roseus. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:E65. [PMID: 29848985 PMCID: PMC6023506 DOI: 10.3390/jof4020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four endophytic fungi were isolated from the medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus, and were identified as Diaporthe spp. with partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), beta-tubulin (TUB), histone H3 (HIS), calmodulin (CAL) genes, and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (TEF1-TUB-HIS--CAL-ITS) multigene phylogeny suggested for species delimitation in the Diaporthe genus. Each fungus produces a unique mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with an abundant mixture of terpenoids analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber-GC/MS. These tentatively-detected terpenes included α-muurolene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, and α-thujene, as well as other minor terpenoids, including caryophyllene, patchoulene, cedrene, 2-carene, and thujone. The volatile metabolites of each isolate showed antifungal properties against a wide range of plant pathogenic test fungi and oomycetes, including Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium graminearum, and Phytophthora cinnamomi. The growth inhibition of the pathogens varied between 10% and 60% within 72 h of exposure. To our knowledge, the endophytic Diaporthe-like strains are first reported from Catharanthus roseus. VOCs produced by each strain of the endophytic Diaporthe fungi were unique components with dominant monoterpenes comparing to known Diaporthe fungal VOCs. A discussion is presented on the inhibitive bioactivities of secondary metabolites among endophytic Diaporthe fungi and this medicinal plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Yan
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Hongchang Li
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Tushou Luo
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Guiming Dou
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Gary Strobel
- Department of Plant Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| |
Collapse
|