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Rey DP, Echeverry SM, Valderrama IH, Rodriguez IA, Ospina LF, Mena Barreto Silva FR, Aragón M. Antidiabetic Effect of Passiflora ligularis Leaves in High Fat-Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1669. [PMID: 38892601 PMCID: PMC11174837 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health concern, prompting the ongoing search for new treatment options. Medicinal plants have emerged as one such alternative. Our objective was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of an extract from the leaves of Passiflora ligularis (P. ligularis). For this purpose, T2DM was first induced in mice using a high-fat diet and low doses of streptozotocin. Subsequently, an aqueous extract or an ethanolic extract of P. ligularis leaves was administered for 21 days. The following relevant results were found: fasting blood glucose levels were reduced by up to 41%, and by 29% after an oral glucose overload. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was reduced by 59%. Histopathologically, better preservation of pancreatic tissue was observed. Regarding oxidative stress parameters, there was an increase of up to 48% in superoxide dismutase (SOD), an increase in catalase (CAT) activity by 35% to 80%, and a decrease in lipid peroxidation (MDA) by 35% to 80% in the liver, kidney, or pancreas. Lastly, regarding the lipid profile, triglycerides (TG) were reduced by up to 30%, total cholesterol (TC) by 35%, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by up to 32%, while treatments increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) by up to 35%. With all the above, we can conclude that P. ligularis leaves showed antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects, making this species promising for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P. Rey
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
| | - Sandra M. Echeverry
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
| | - Ivonne H. Valderrama
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
| | - Ingrid A. Rodriguez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
| | - Luis F. Ospina
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
| | - Fatima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Rua João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Sala G301, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil;
| | - Marcela Aragón
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03 Edif. 450, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (D.P.R.); (S.M.E.); (I.H.V.); (I.A.R.); (L.F.O.)
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Mittal P, Dhankhar S, Chauhan S, Garg N, Bhattacharya T, Ali M, Chaudhary AA, Rudayni HA, Al-Zharani M, Ahmad W, Khan SUD, Singh TG, Mujwar S. A Review on Natural Antioxidants for Their Role in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:908. [PMID: 37513820 PMCID: PMC10385773 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative condition known as Parkinson's disease (PD) is brought on by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia, which is the brain region that controls body movement. PD occurs due to many factors, from which one of the acknowledged effects of oxidative stress is pathogenic pathways that play a role in the development of Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants, including flavonoids, vitamins E and C, and polyphenolic substances, help to reduce the oxidative stress brought on by free radicals. Consequently, this lowers the risk of neurodegenerative disorders in the long term. Although there is currently no cure for neurodegenerative illnesses, these conditions can be controlled. The treatment of this disease lessens its symptoms, which helps to preserve the patient's quality of life. Therefore, the use of naturally occurring antioxidants, such as polyphenols, which may be obtained through food or nutritional supplements and have a variety of positive effects, has emerged as an appealing alternative management strategy. This article will examine the extent of knowledge about antioxidants in the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses, as well as future directions for research. Additionally, an evaluation of the value of antioxidants as neuroprotective agents will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mittal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Sanchit Dhankhar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
- Ganpati Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur 135102, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Nitika Garg
- Ganpati Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur 135102, India
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 260 Kyunghee-daero, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Nondestructive Bio-Sensing Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, BLDG# E10-2, RM# 2213, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Maksood Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Orlean College of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, 42, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida 201308, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy, HIMT College of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, 8, Institutional Area, Knowledge Park-I, Greater Noida 201301, India
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Ahmad Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
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Bandaru SD, Balraj M, Badrachalam R, Mani V. Effect of β-Caryophyllene on oxidative stress, glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle of high fat diet and fructose-induced type-2 diabetic adult male rats. Bioinformation 2023; 19:417-422. [PMID: 37822828 PMCID: PMC10563560 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is where the majority of insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose elimination takes place under normal circumstances. A significant risk factor for metabolic diseases is high dietary fat consumption, which also increases stored fat mass. Natural solutions with anti-diabetic effectiveness and fewer side effects are becoming more popular as a result of the conventional pharmacological treatments' numerous negative side effects and high rates of secondary failure. Cannabis and a variety of culinary herbs and spices may include the naturally occurring sequiterpene β-caryophyllene. Among other things, it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lipidemic properties. However, it is not yet known how β-caryophyllene affects the uptake and oxidation of glucose. Determining if β -caryophyllene has anti-diabetic properties in type-2 diabetes brought on by a high-fat diet was the objective of the current investigation. A sufficient dose of β-caryophyllene (200 mg/kg b.w.t., orally for 30 days) was given to type-2 diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet and given fructose as an inducer of diabetes to assess its anti-diabetic activity. The treatment of diabetes-induced rats with β -Caryophyllene restored the altered levels of blood glucose, serum insulin as well as the lipid parameters, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes. Our findings show that β-caryophyllene improves glycemia control by enhancing glucose absorption and oxidation in the skeletal muscle of type-2 diabetic rats. From the present findings, it is evident that β -caryophyllene can be used as an anti-diabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamala Devi Bandaru
- Department of Physiology, Konaseema Institute of Medical sciences and research foundation, Amalapuram, East Godavari Dt-533201, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Manigandan Balraj
- Department of Physiology, Konaseema Institute of Medical sciences and research foundation, Amalapuram, East Godavari Dt-533201, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramya Badrachalam
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry - 605107, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vadivel Mani
- Department of Biochemistry, Konaseema Institute of Medical sciences and research foundation, Amalapuram, East Godavari Dt-533201, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Mahboob A, Senevirathne DKL, Paul P, Nabi F, Khan RH, Chaari A. An investigation into the potential action of polyphenols against human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide aggregation in type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:318-350. [PMID: 36400215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, results in significant disease burden and financial costs globally. Whilst the majority of T2D cases seem to have a genetic basis, non-genetic modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for T2D include obesity, diet, physical activity and lifestyle, smoking, age, ethnicity, and mental stress. In healthy individuals, insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells is responsible for keeping blood glucose levels within normal ranges. T2D patients suffer from multifactorial onset of β-cell dysfunction and/or loss of β-cell mass owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Most predominantly however, and the focus of this review, it is the aggregation and misfolding of human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP, also known as amylin), which is detrimental to β-cell function and health. Whilst hIAPP is found in healthy individuals, its misfolded version is cytotoxic and able to induce β-cell dysfunction and/or death through various mechanisms including membrane changes in β-cell causing influx of calcium ions, arresting complete granule membrane recovery and ER stress. There are several existing therapeutics for T2D. However, there is a need for alternative or adjunct therapies for T2D with milder adverse effects and greater availability. Foremost among the potential natural therapeutics are polyphenols. Extensive data from studies evaluating the potential of polyphenols to inhibit hIAPP aggregation and disassemble aggregated hIAPP are promising. Moreover, in-vivo, and in-silico studies also highlight the potential effects of polyphenols against hIAPP aggregation and mitigation of larger pathological effects of T2D. Whilst there have been some promising clinical studies on the therapeutic potential of polyphenols, extensive further clinical studies and in-vitro studies evaluating the mechanisms of action and ideal doses for many of these compounds are required. The need for these studies is made more important by the postulated link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and T2D pathophysiology given the similar aggregation process of their respective amyloid proteins, which evokes thoughts of cross-reactive polyphenols which can be effective for both AD and T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anns Mahboob
- Premedical Division Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Pradipta Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Division Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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Sayed HM, Awaad AS, Abdel Rahman FEZS, Al-Dossari M, Abd El-Gawaad NS, Ahmed OM. Combinatory Effect and Modes of Action of Chrysin and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:34. [PMID: 36678531 PMCID: PMC9863970 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to see how chrysin and/or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) affected streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rats as an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Male Wistar rats were given a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 60 mg STZ/kg bodyweight (bw) 15 min after an i.p. injection of NA (120 mg/kg bw) to induce T2DM. The diabetic rats were given chrysin orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw every other day, BM-MSCs intravenously at a dose of 1 × 106 cells/rat/week, and their combination for 30 days after diabetes induction. The rats in the diabetic group displayed impaired oral glucose tolerance and a decrease in liver glycogen content and in serum insulin, C-peptide, and IL-13 levels. They also had significantly upregulated activities in terms of liver glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase and elevated levels of serum free fatty acids, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In addition, the diabetic rats exhibited a significant elevation in the adipose tissue resistin protein expression level and a significant decrease in the expression of adiponectin, insulin receptor-beta subunit, insulin receptor substrate-1, and insulin receptor substrate-2, which were associated with a decrease in the size of the pancreatic islets and in the number of β-cells and insulin granules in the islets. The treatment of diabetic rats with chrysin and/or BM-MSCs significantly improved the previously deteriorated alterations, with chrysin combined with BM-MSCs being the most effective. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that combining chrysin with BM-MSCs produced greater additive therapeutic value than using them separately in NA/STZ-induced T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M. Sayed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S. Awaad
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | | | - M. Al-Dossari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. S. Abd El-Gawaad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
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Chen S, Wu F, Yang C, Zhao C, Cheng N, Cao W, Zhao H. Alternative to Sugar, Honey Does Not Provoke Insulin Resistance in Rats Based on Lipid Profiles, Inflammation, and IRS/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways Modulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10194-10208. [PMID: 35971648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is the central link to metabolic syndrome (MS), and IR prevention has become the key to overcoming this worldwide public health problem. A diet rich in simple sugars is an important pathogenic factor in IR development. To investigate the effect of honey on IR compared to the sugar-water diet, we analyzed phenolics and oligosaccharides in jujube honey and rape honey based on LC-MS and silane derivatization/GC-MS. The effects of different diets on glucose and lipid profile, histopathology and IR-related mechanism pathways were analyzed and compared by equal sugar levels intervention of fructose, fructose + glucose and two kinds of unifloral honey (high-/low-dose) in rats. The results suggested that sugar-equivalent honey, which differs from sugar solution, especially 17.1 g/kg BW jujube honey rich in phenolics (1.971 mg/100 g of isoquercitrin) and oligosaccharides (2.18 g/100 g of turanose), suppressed IR via maintaining glucose (OGTT and ITT) and lipid (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and NEFA) homeostasis, improving histological structural abnormalities of the liver, adipose and skeletal muscle, reducing oxidative stress (GSH-Px and MDA) and inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α), modulating the NF-κB (NF-κB gene expression was down-regulated to 0.94) and IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (e.g., AKT and GLUT2 expression in liver increased by 4.56 and 13.37 times, respectively) as well as reshaping the gut microbiota. These revealed a potential nutritional contribution of substituting honey for simple sugar in the diet, providing a theoretical basis for controlling IR development via dietary modification and supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Fanhua Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ni Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Wei Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Haoan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
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Chrysin Attenuates Fructose-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver in Rats via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects: The Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin (1-7)/Mas Receptor Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9479456. [PMID: 35720181 PMCID: PMC9200559 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9479456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and if untreated, it may propagate into end-stage liver disease. The classical arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a fundamental role in triggering oxidative stress and inflammation, which play potential roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. However, the nonclassical alternative axis of RAS, angiotensin- (Ang-) converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor, opposes the actions of the classical arm, mitigates the metabolic dysfunction, and improves hepatic lipid metabolism rendering it a promising protective target against NAFLD. The current study is aimed at investigating the impact of chrysin, a well-known antioxidant flavonoid, on this defensive RAS axis in NAFLD. Methods Rats were randomly distributed and treated daily for eight weeks as follows: the normal control, chrysin control (50 mg/kg, p.o), NAFLD group (received 20% fructose in drinking water), and treated groups (25 and 50 mg/kg chrysin given orally and concomitantly with fructose). Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) (15 mg/kg, s.c.) was used as a reference ACE2 activator. Key Findings. High fructose induced significant weight gain, hepatocyte degeneration with fat accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration (as examined by H&E staining). This was accompanied by a substantial increase in liver enzymes, glucose, circulating and hepatic triglycerides, lipid peroxides, inflammatory cytokines, and Ang II (the main component of classical RAS). At the same time, protein levels of ACE2, Ang (1-7), and Mas receptors were markedly reduced. Chrysin (25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated these abnormalities, with a prominent effect of the dose of 50 mg/kg over DIZE and the lower dose in improving ACE2, Ang (1-7), and Mas. Significance. Chrysin is a promising efficient protective remedy against NAFLD; mechanisms include the activation of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis.
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Ajah AA, Lembede BW, Nkomozepi P, Erlwanger KH, Nyakudya TT. Neonatal Oral Administration of Chrysin Prevents Long-Term Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Sexually Dimorphic Manner in Fructose Nurtured Sprague Dawley Rats. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060790. [PMID: 35743821 PMCID: PMC9225280 DOI: 10.3390/life12060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fructose diets are linked with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the management of which is a burden to society. Interventions with phytochemicals in the early postnatal period may prevent fructose-induced NAFLD later in adulthood. We investigated the protective potential of chrysin against fructose-induced NAFLD. Four-day-old male and female suckling Sprague Dawley rats (N = 112) were randomly grouped and orally gavaged daily with distilled water (negative Control-Cn + W), chrysin(Chr-100 mg/kg), fructose-solution (Fr-20% w/v), and Chr + Fr between postnatal day (PND) 4 and 21 and then weaned onto normal rat chow and plain drinking water to PND 55. From PND 56 to 130, half of the rats continued on plain water, and the rest had Fr as drinking fluid. Terminally, the liver tissue was collected, and the lipid content was determined and histologically assessed for NAFLD. Dietary Fr induced an increased hepatic lipid content (p = 0.0001 vs. Cn + W) both sexes, and it was only attenuated by neonatal Chr in female rats (p < 0.05). Histologically, there was increased microvesicular steatosis (p = 0.0001 vs. Cn + W) in both sexes, and it was prevented by neonatal Chr (p > 0.05). Fr caused macrovesicular steatosis (p = 0.01 vs. Cn + W) in females only, and chrysin did not prevent it (p > 0.05). Fr induced hepatocellular hypertrophy, and inflammation was observed in females only (p = 0.01 vs. Cn + W), and this was prevented by Chr (p > 0.05). The collagen area fraction was increased by Fr (p = 0.02 (males) and p = 0.04 (females) vs. Cn + W, respectively; however, chrysin did not prevent this (p > 0.05). Neonatal chrysin prevented some of the deleterious effects of the high-fructose diet on the liver, suggesting that chrysin should be further explored as a strategic prophylactic neonatal intervention against high-fructose-diet-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin A. Ajah
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (B.W.L.); (K.H.E.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt 500102, Nigeria
- Correspondence:
| | - Busisani W. Lembede
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (B.W.L.); (K.H.E.)
| | - Pilani Nkomozepi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Corner Beit and Siemert Street, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa; (P.N.); (T.T.N.)
| | - Kennedy H. Erlwanger
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (B.W.L.); (K.H.E.)
| | - Trevor T. Nyakudya
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Corner Beit and Siemert Street, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa; (P.N.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
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Amir Siddiqui M, Badruddeen, Akhtar J, Uddin S, Chandrashekharan SM, Ahmad M, Khan MI, Khalid M. Chrysin modulates protein kinase IKKε/TBK1, insulin sensitivity and hepatic fatty infiltration in diet-induced obese mice. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:194-207. [PMID: 34350600 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B cells (NF-κB) activation causes induction of the noncanonical IκB kinases (I-kappa-B kinase epsilon (IKKε) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) in liver and fat after high fat diet which followed activating of cascade of counter-inflammation that conserves energy storage. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), a natural flavonoid, present in many plants, honey and propolis, used conventionally to treat numerous ailments. The present study was aimed to identify the protective role of chrysin on the glucose lowering and insulin sensitivity in diet induced obese (DIO) mice by regulating IKKε/TBK1. Chrysin administered therapeutically (60, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight) and preventive mode (200 mg/kg body weight) for 4 and 10 weeks respectively to DIO mice. At last fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, serum lipid profile, as well as the expression level of IKKε/TBK1 and triglyceride in the liver tissue were assessed. DIO mice showed impaired glucose tolerance, reduced weight gain, elevated hepatic IKKε/TBK1 expression, fatty acid infiltration triglyceride and increased in plasma insulin and glucose. Chrysin in both therapeutic and preventive mode normalized the altered levels of the same. Overall chrysin improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity through regulating expression of IKKε/TBK1 in liver of DIO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Badruddeen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Plants Secondary Metabolites as Blood Glucose-Lowering Molecules. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144333. [PMID: 34299610 PMCID: PMC8307461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, significant advances in modern medicine and therapeutic agents have been achieved. However, the search for effective antidiabetic drugs is continuous and challenging. Over the past decades, there has been an increasing body of literature related to the effects of secondary metabolites from botanical sources on diabetes. Plants-derived metabolites including alkaloids, phenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, stilbenoids, saponins, tannins, polysaccharides, coumarins, and terpenes can target cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, they can grant protection to pancreatic beta cells from damage, repairing abnormal insulin signaling, minimizing oxidative stress and inflammation, activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Studies have highlighted many bioactive naturally occurring plants' secondary metabolites as candidates against diabetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge compiled from the latest studies published during the past decade on the mechanism-based action of plants-derived secondary metabolites that can target various metabolic pathways in humans against diabetes. It is worth mentioning that the compiled data in this review will provide a guide for researchers in the field, to develop candidates into environment-friendly effective, yet safe antidiabetics.
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The Use of Natural Compounds as a Strategy to Counteract Oxidative Stress in Animal Models of Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137009. [PMID: 34209800 PMCID: PMC8268811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by insulin deficiency, resulting in hyperglycaemia, a characteristic symptom of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). DM substantially affects numerous metabolic pathways, resulting in β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, abnormal blood glucose levels, impaired lipid metabolism, inflammatory processes, and excessive oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can affect the body’s normal physiological function and cause numerous cellular and molecular changes, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Animal models are useful for exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DM and improving novel therapeutics for their safe use in human beings. Due to their health benefits, there is significant interest in a wide range of natural compounds that can act as naturally occurring anti-diabetic compounds. Due to rodent models’ relatively similar physiology to humans and ease of handling and housing, they are widely used as pre-clinical models for studying several metabolic disorders. In this review, we analyse the currently available rodent animal models of DM and their advantages and disadvantages and highlight the potential anti-oxidative effects of natural compounds and their mechanisms of action.
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Dietary Flavonoids and Insulin Signaling in Diabetes and Obesity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061474. [PMID: 34208379 PMCID: PMC8231211 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are relevant worldwide chronic diseases. A common complication in both pathologies is the dysregulation of the insulin-signaling pathway that is crucial to maintain an accurate glucose homeostasis. Flavonoids are naturally occurring phenolic compounds abundant in fruits, vegetables and seeds. Rising evidence supports a role for the flavonoids against T2D and obesity, and at present, these compounds are considered as important potential chemopreventive agents. This review summarizes in vitro and in vivo studies providing data related to the effects of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods on the modulation of the insulin route during T2D and obesity. Notably, few human studies have evaluated the regulatory effect of these phenolic compounds at molecular level on the insulin pathway. In this context, it is also important to note that the mechanism of action for the flavonoids is not fully characterized and that a proper dosage to obtain a beneficial effect on health has not been defined yet. Further investigations will contribute to solve all these critical challenges and will enable the use of flavonoids to prevent, delay or support the treatment of T2D and obesity.
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[Body composition, mineral metabolism, and endocrine function of adipose tissue: influence of a nutritional supplement of propolis]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:585-591. [PMID: 33666089 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: propolis and its components influence lipid metabolism; however, its effect on body composition and mineral metabolism remains unknown. Objectives: to determine the effect of natural propolis supplementation on body composition, mineral metabolism, and the endocrine function of adipose tissue. Material and methods: twenty albino male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into two groups of 10 animals each. The rats were fed two different types of diet for 90 days: a standard diet for the control group (group C) and the same standard diet + 2 % propolis (group P). Thyroid hormones, ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin and insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in plasma, body composition (lean mass, fat mass and body water), and mineral deposition in target organs (spleen, brain, heart, lungs, testicles, kidneys and femur) were assessed. Results: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) did not show any differences after supplementation with propolis, while ghrelin and adiponectin decreased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and insulin (p < 0.01), leptin (p < 0.05) and NEFA (p < 0.05) increased when 2 % propolis was supplied, while weight and body fat were reduced (p < 0.05) and lean mass increased. Lastly, the propolis supplement improves calcium deposition in the spleen, lungs, testes, and femur (p < 0.05). Conclusion: propolis supplementation of the diet (2 %) causes a decrease in the secretion of ghrelin and adiponectin, increasing the release of non-esterified fatty acids and the rate of insulin secretion. In addition, propolis supplementation induces an improvement in calcium deposition in target organs without affecting the rest of minerals, which improves body composition by inducing a reduction in weight and visceral adipose tissue, and improvement in lean mass.
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Chrysin nanocapsules with dual anti-glycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects: Chemometric optimization, physicochemical characterization and pharmacodynamic assessment. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Al Duhaidahawi D, Hasan SA, Al Zubaidy HFS. Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diabetes: Clinical Outcomes and Mechanism to Ameliorate Blood Glucose Levels. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e120720188794. [PMID: 33290200 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666201207200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For thousands of years, natural food products have been used as a medicine for treating diseases that affect the human body, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Lately, several investigations have been performed on the flavonoid derivatives of plant origin, and their biological activity has been extensively studied. METHODS Given our need to know more mechanisms for treating DM, we performed a thorough research review on treating diabetes mellitus based on flavonoids, their therapeutic potential, and biological action. RESULTS Flavonoids reduce complications in addition to their vital role as effective supplements for preventing diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose metabolism, lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, a protein kinase inhibitor, PPAR, and AMPK with NF-κB. CONCLUSION The articles that we reviewed showed the positive role of flavonoids, which in a certain way reduce diabetes, but their side effects still need to be studied further.This review is focused on describing the different types of dietary flavonoids along with their mechanisms of reducing blood glucose and enhancing insulin sensitivity, as well as their side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunya Al Duhaidahawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognacy, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Samer A Hasan
- Pharmacognacy, Pharmacy, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq
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Hengpratom T, Lowe GM, Eumkeb G. An insight into anti-adipogenic properties of an Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz extract. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:319. [PMID: 33081786 PMCID: PMC7576871 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oroxylum indicum fruit extract (OIE) has been reported to inhibit the development of adipocytes. However, the exact mechanism of its metabolic activity is not clearly defined. This study attempted to investigate whether OIE was involved in disrupting the cell cycle, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function in 3 T3-L1 cells. Methods The effect of the OIE on cell cycle progression was measured by flow cytometry along with observing the expression of the cycle regulator by immunoblotting. The effect of the OIE on glucose metabolism was investigated. The amount of glucose uptake (2-NBDG) influenced by insulin was determined as well as the protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PY20), and glucose transporter4 (GLUT4) expression was determined by immunoblotting assay. Mitochondria are also essential to metabolic processes. This study investigated mitochondrial activity using fluorescent lipophilic carbocyanine dye (JC-1) and mitochondria mass by MitoTracker Green (MTG) staining fluorescence dyes. Finally, cellular ATP concentration was measured using an ATP chemiluminescence assay. Results Treatment with OIE plus adipogenic stimulators for 24 h arrested cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase. Moreover, 200 μg/mL of OIE significantly diminished the expression of the insulin receptor (IR) and GLUT4 protein compared to the untreated-adipocytes (P < 0.05). The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was significantly reduced (24 h) and increased (day 12) by OIE compared to untreated-adipocytes (P < 0.05). However, OIE maintained MMP and ATP at a similar level compared to the pre-adipocytes (day 12). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results demonstrated that OIE could protect mitochondria deformation compared to the untreated-adipocytes. Conclusion These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of the OIE on adipogenesis may potentially inhibit the cell cycle and phosphorylation of IR, leading to a decrease in glucose uptake to the cells. The OIE also slows down the mitochondrial activity of the early phase of cell differentiation, which can also inhibit the development of fat cells. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-020-03111-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaporn Hengpratom
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Gordon M Lowe
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Griangsak Eumkeb
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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Wojnar W, Zych M, Borymski S, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Chrysin Reduces Oxidative Stress but Does Not Affect Polyol Pathway in the Lenses of Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020160. [PMID: 32079112 PMCID: PMC7070579 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia is one of the main causes of reactive oxygen species and free radicals generation in diabetes which may affect various organs, including the eye. Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the eye lens could lead to cataract formation. To cope with oxidative stress, the endogenous antioxidative system may be supported by the supplementation of exogenous antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chrysin, a natural flavonoid, on oxidative stress and polyol pathway-related markers in the lenses of streptozotocin-induced type 1 male diabetic rats. Chrysin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg was administered by gavage for 28 days. This treatment resulted in a decrease in antioxidative enzymes activity and oxidative stress index. Moreover, chrysin administration elevated the reduced glutathione level in the lenses. A decrease in the markers linked to oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the lenses was noted, especially after treatment with 50 mg/kg of chrysin. Neither of the chrysin doses affected glycemia-related markers in the serum or altered parameters related to the polyol pathway and advanced glycation end-products level in the lenses of diabetic rats. Upon obtaining results, it can be concluded that chrysin reveals antioxidative activity in the lenses but shows no antihyperglycemic or antiglycation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Wojnar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.Z.); (I.K.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-364-15-25
| | - Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.Z.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Sławomir Borymski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.Z.); (I.K.-S.)
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Effects of Propolis Extract and Propolis-Derived Compounds on Obesity and Diabetes: Knowledge from Cellular and Animal Models. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234394. [PMID: 31805752 PMCID: PMC6930477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product resulting from the mixing of bee secretions with botanical exudates. Since propolis is rich in flavonoids and cinnamic acid derivatives, the application of propolis extracts has been tried in therapies against cancer, inflammation, and metabolic diseases. As metabolic diseases develop relatively slowly in patients, the therapeutic effects of propolis in humans should be evaluated over long periods of time. Moreover, several factors such as medical history, genetic inheritance, and living environment should be taken into consideration in human studies. Animal models, especially mice and rats, have some advantages, as genetic and microbiological variables can be controlled. On the other hand, cellular models allow the investigation of detailed molecular events evoked by propolis and derivative compounds. Taking advantage of animal and cellular models, accumulating evidence suggests that propolis extracts have therapeutic effects on obesity by controlling adipogenesis, adipokine secretion, food intake, and energy expenditure. Studies in animal and cellular models have also indicated that propolis modulates oxidative stress, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and adipose tissue inflammation, all of which contribute to insulin resistance or defects in insulin secretion. Consequently, propolis treatment may mitigate diabetic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcers, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review describes the beneficial effects of propolis on metabolic disorders.
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20
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Kim SM, Jung JI, Chai C, Imm JY. Characteristics and Glucose Uptake Promoting Effect of Chrysin-Loaded Phytosomes Prepared with Different Phospholipid Matrices. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2549. [PMID: 31652637 PMCID: PMC6835247 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin-loaded phytosomes (CP) were prepared using either soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC) or egg phospholipid (EPL) by the solvent evaporation method. Different phospholipid matrices resulted in significant differences in size, mechanical property and solubility of the CP. The most stable CP was obtained with EPL at a molar ratio of 1:3 (chrysin: EPL, CEP-1:3). CEP-1:3 displayed an average size of 117 nm with uniform size distribution (polydispersity index: 0.30) and zeta potential of -31 mV. A significantly greater elastic modulus of CEP-1:3 (2.7-fold) indicated tighter packing and strong molecular bonding than those of CP prepared with SPC (CSP-1:3). X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of CEP-1:3 confirmed molecular complexation. CEP-1:3 displayed a greater glucose uptake promoting effect than free chrysin and CSP-1:3 in muscle cells by stimulating gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and glucose transporter type 4. The results of the present study suggest that the phospholipid matrix used for the preparation of phytosomes critically influences their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Kim
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
| | - Jae-In Jung
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
| | - Changhoon Chai
- Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Jee-Young Imm
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
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21
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Mohammadi A, Kazemi S, Hosseini M, Najafzadeh Varzi H, Feyzi F, Morakabati P, Moghadamnia AA. Chrysin Effect in Prevention of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2329-2337. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosseini
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Babol-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Hoseyn Najafzadeh Varzi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farideh Feyzi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Payam Morakabati
- Student Research Committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Chrysin: Pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Life Sci 2019; 235:116797. [PMID: 31472146 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chrysin is a promising phytochemical that is categorized under the class of flavonoids based on its chemical structure. Naturally, it is widely present in propolis, honey, passion fruit, and even in mushrooms and other plant sources, whereas its synthetic counterparts are also being employed for pharmacological purposes. It has widely been employed in treatment of various degenerative disorders and provides cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory functions. Its antioxidant and disease preventing abilities are attributed to its structural diversity arising in ring-A and absence of oxygenation in B and C ring. In this review, the scientific studies are being reported emphasizing benefits and its allied health claims on chrysin in numerous metabolic malfunctions.
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Chrysin ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1617-1628. [PMID: 31372694 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is regarded as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It begins with the accumulation of fat in the liver (simple steatosis), which if untreated can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chrysin is a flavonoid present in bee propolis and many other plants. The objective of this study was to determine if chrysin can ameliorate NAFLD induced by feeding a high fructose diet (HFD) in rats. The rats were divided into five groups: normal control, HFD control, chrysin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg p.o. body weight). Biochemical estimations were carried out in the serum and liver of rats. The gene expressions of SREBP-1c and PPAR α were determined in the liver. The histopathology of the liver was also studied. Chrysin caused a significant decrease in the serum fasting glucose and improved the insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and liver enzymes. It caused a significant decrease in the liver weight and hepatic free fatty acids, triglyceride, and cholesterol content. Chrysin exerted antioxidant effects, reduced carbonyl content, advanced glycation end products, collagen, TNF-α, and IL-6 concentrations in the liver. Chrysin significantly reduced the hepatic gene expression of SREBP-1c and increased that of PPAR-α. The histopathology of liver of rats treated with chrysin showed significant decrease in the steatosis, ballooning, and lobular inflammation when compared to the HFD control group. Thus, chrysin demonstrated anti-steatotic, antiglycating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects and seems to be a promising molecule for the management of NAFLD.
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El Khashab IH, Abdelsalam RM, Elbrairy AI, Attia AS. Chrysin attenuates global cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Mohos V, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Schilli G, Hetényi C, Lemli B, Kunsági-Máté S, Bognár B, Poór M. Interaction of Chrysin and Its Main Conjugated Metabolites Chrysin-7-Sulfate and Chrysin-7-Glucuronide with Serum Albumin. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124073. [PMID: 30562928 PMCID: PMC6320863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid aglycone, which is found in nature and in several dietary supplements. During the biotransformation of chrysin, its conjugated metabolites chrysin-7-sulfate (C7S) and chrysin-7-glucuronide (C7G) are formed. Despite the fact that these conjugates appear in the circulation at much higher concentrations than chrysin, their interactions with serum albumin have not been reported. In this study, the complex formation of chrysin, C7S, and C7G with human (HSA) and bovine (BSA) serum albumins was investigated employing fluorescence spectroscopic, ultrafiltration, and modeling studies. Our major observations/conclusions are as follows: (1) Compared to chrysin, C7S binds with a threefold higher affinity to HSA, while C7G binds with a threefold lower affinity; (2) the albumin-binding of chrysin, C7S, and C7G did not show any large species differences regarding HSA and BSA; (3) tested flavonoids likely occupy Sudlow’s Site I in HSA; (4) C7S causes significant displacement of Sudlow’s Site I ligands, exerting an even stronger displacing ability than the parent compound chrysin. Considering the above-listed observations, the high intake of chrysin (e.g., through the consumption of dietary supplements with high chrysin contents) may interfere with the albumin-binding of several drugs, mainly due to the strong interaction of C7S with HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Schilli
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Beáta Lemli
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus utca 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rókus utca 2, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Bognár
- Department of Organic and Pharmacological Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Honvéd utca 1, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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Siddiqui A, Akhtar J, Uddin M.S. S, Khan MI, Khalid M, Ahmad M. A Naturally Occurring Flavone (Chrysin): Chemistry, Occurrence, Pharmacokinetic, Toxicity, Molecular Targets and Medicinal Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2018.1498750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Siddiqui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Mohammad Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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