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Danduga RCSR, Kurapati AS, Shaik RA, Kola PK, Konidala SK, Varada HB. Synergistic Amelioration of Letrozole-induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rats: A Therapeutic Approach with Apple Cider Vinegar and Metformin Combination. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01545-4. [PMID: 38777948 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the combination effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) and metformin against letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Female Wistar rats were administered letrozole (1 mg/kg/day, p.o) for 21 days, except for the control group of animals. On the 22nd day, PCOS-induced animals were segregated into 4 groups and administered with CMC, ACV, metformin, and a combination of ACV and metformin, respectively. The treatments were continued for 15 days, and on the 36th day, all the animals were sacrificed for biochemical (blood glucose, lipid profile), hormonal (sex hormones and adiponectin), and pro-inflammatory mediator estimations in blood samples. The ovarian tissue samples were used for oxidative stress parameters and histological alterations. The PCOS control animals showed a significant alteration in the estrous cycle. The administration of letrozole resulted in the alteration of hormonal balance and elevation of body weights, glycemic state, lipid profile, pro-inflammatory mediators in serum, and oxidative stress in ovarian samples. Individual treatment groups and combination treatment groups reversed the letrozole-induced alterations in PCOS animals, and more promising results were observed with combination therapy than with individual treatment groups. Further, the therapeutic potential of the combination treatment group was also confirmed by the histological observations in the ovarian samples. The study showed that the combination of ACV and metformin significantly alleviated letrozole-induced PCOS complications in rats. This might have been achieved by mitigating the hormonal imbalance, pro-inflammatory, hyperglycemic, and hyperlipidemic states in serum, and oxidative stress in the ovary samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Chandra Sekhara Reddy Danduga
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
| | - Aarathi Shalom Kurapati
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, 522510, India
| | - Roohi Anju Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, 522510, India
| | - Phani Kumar Kola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar Konidala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Sciences, Technology, and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, 522213, India
| | - Hema Bharathi Varada
- Department of Pharmacology, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, 522510, India
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Dan N, Shah H, Bhatt H, Ladumor R, Salunke A, Ramachandran AV, Pandya P. Decoding the effect of photoperiodic cues in transducing kisspeptin-melatonin circuit during the pubertal onset in common carp. Mol Reprod Dev 2024; 91:e23744. [PMID: 38800960 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This study unravels the intricate interplay between photoperiod, melatonin, and kisspeptin to orchestrate the pubertal onset of Common carp. Female fingerlings exposed to long days (LD) exhibited a hormonal crescendo, with upregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis genes (kiss1, kiss1r, kiss2, gnrh2, gnrh3) and their downstream targets (lhr, fshr, ar1, esr1). However, the expression of the melatonin receptor (mtnr1a) diminished in LD, suggesting a potential inhibitory role. This hormonal symphony was further amplified by increased activity of key transcriptional regulators (gata1, gata2, cdx1, sp1, n-myc, hoxc8, plc, tac3, tacr3) and decreased expression of delayed puberty genes (mkrn1, dlk1). In contrast, short days (SD) muted this hormonal chorus, with decreased gnrh gene and regulator expression, elevated mtnr1a, and suppressed gonadal development. In in-vitro, estradiol mimicked the LD effect, boosting gnrh and regulator genes while dampening mtnr1a and melatonin-responsive genes. Conversely, melatonin acted as a conductor, downregulating gnrh and regulator genes and amplifying mtnr1a. Our findings illuminate the crucial roles of melatonin and kisspeptin as opposing forces in regulating pubertal timing. LD-induced melatonin suppression allows the kisspeptin symphony to flourish, triggering GnRH release and, ultimately, gonadal maturation. This delicate dance between photoperiod, melatonin, and kisspeptin orchestrates common carp's transition from juvenile to reproductive life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehareeka Dan
- TREE Lab, Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, India
| | - Harsh Shah
- TREE Lab, Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, India
| | - Himadri Bhatt
- TREE Lab, Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, India
| | - Rahul Ladumor
- TREE Lab, Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, India
| | - Ankita Salunke
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - A V Ramachandran
- Mentor, School of Science, Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Navrachana University, Vadodara, India
| | - Parth Pandya
- TREE Lab, Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, India
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Bukke SPN, Pathange BBR, Karumanchi SK, Marri J, Boyina R, Rachamsetty K, Manchikalapati B, Odoma S, Hussaini B. Agaricus Subrufescens ameliorates ovarian dysfunction and regulates altered biochemical parameters in rats with Letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:221. [PMID: 37993900 PMCID: PMC10664634 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of an ethanolic extract derived from Agaricus subrufescens on rat models exhibiting Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) induced by Letrozole. METHODS A total of thirty female Wistar rats were divided into five groups, each consisting of six rats. The negative control group was administered a volume of 1 mL of a 0.5% solution of carboxy methylcellulose (CMC). Letrozole (1 mg/kg) was administered to additional groups for a duration of 21 days in order to induce polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Animals designated as positive controls were euthanized on the 22nd day. Both the test group and the standard group were subjected to treatment from the 22nd day to the 36th day. The experimental group was administered ethanolic extract of Agaricus subrufescens at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o, while the control group received clomiphene citrate at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The study observed various physiological markers in individuals with polycystic ovarian disease, including estimated blood glucose levels, total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and hormonal fluctuations such as increased testosterone and estrogen levels, as well as decreased progesterone levels. The presence of menstrual irregularities was confirmed through the examination of vaginal smears and histopathological changes in the ovaries. RESULTS The consumption of Agaricus subrufescens was found to have a significant impact on various physiological parameters, including blood glucose levels, testosterone levels, anovulation, and menstrual irregularity. All therapeutic interventions significantly normalized the levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). The rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that were induced by Letrozole exhibited increased levels of urea and creatinine. The findings of this study indicate that the administration of Agaricus subrufescens therapy has a protective effect on renal function, as evidenced by a reduction in serum levels of urea and creatinine. In rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) induced by Letrozole, the inhibition of hepatic synthesis, promotion of ovarian follicle immaturity, and elevation of androgen secretions result in an increase in the weight of the liver and ovaries. The weight of endocrine organs exhibited a decrease across all treatment groups. The histopathological examination of PCOS specimens revealed an increased presence of cysts and theca lutein cells. The group of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that did not receive treatment exhibited a higher number of cysts compared to the groups that received treatment. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the administration of Letrozole orally resulted in the development of polycystic ovarian disease. The results indicated heightened levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as alterations in hormone levels such as increased testosterone and estrogen, and decreased progesterone. These hormonal changes were accompanied by menstrual irregularities, which were confirmed through the examination of vaginal smears and histopathological analysis of the ovaries in the control group with polycystic ovarian disease. The treatment groups that received Agaricus subrufescens exhibited a decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
| | | | - Srikanth Kumar Karumanchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DKSS Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research for Girls, Swami Chincholi-413130, Pune District, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jalaiah Marri
- Department of Pharmacology, QIS College of Pharmacy, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Revathi Boyina
- Department of Pharmacology, QIS College of Pharmacy, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kavya Rachamsetty
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, QIS College of Pharmacy, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Saidi Odoma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Bello Hussaini
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
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Basheer M, Bhat AH, Ahmad Hajam Y, Batiha GES, Ataya FS, Fouad D, Rai S. Melatonin as a promising therapeutic intervention for restoring ovarian function in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21237. [PMID: 38027664 PMCID: PMC10643099 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age and is characterized by multiple ovarian cysts, irregular menstrual cycles, and excessive androgen hormone production. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin in alleviating PCOS-induced alterations in female Wistar rats. PCOS was induced in female albino rats by administering letrozole at a dose of 1 mg/kg for 21 days. A total of 24 rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups: group I (normal control), group II (melatonin treatment), group III (letrozole treatment), and group IV (melatonin therapy for PCOS rats). Physical parameters (body and uterus weight), hormone profile (LH and FSH), and steroidogenic enzyme activities and an oral glucose test were assessed using standard methods. Histological analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results demonstrated that exogenous melatonin administration significantly improved PCOS symptoms in rats, including reduced body weight gain, changes in organ weight/body weight index, blood glucose level, percentage diestrus phase, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and LH/FSH ratio, as well as 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD enzyme activity. Histopathological findings revealed well-developed follicles, decreased cystic follicles, and increased antral follicles, Graafian follicles, and corpus luteum in PCOS rats treated with melatonin. These positive outcomes suggest that exogenous melatonin may hold promise as a valuable remedy for PCOS conditions in female rats. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications of melatonin in the context of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddasir Basheer
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College for Women, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, 192101, India
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Biosciences, University Centre for Development and Research, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Rue Emile Argland, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Younis Ahmad Hajam
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
- Department of Life Sciences and Allied Health Sciences, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144030 India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Farid S. Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box.22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Rai
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
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Noubouossie Pouegue J, Mvondo MA. Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) reversed the effects of letrozole-induced aromatase inhibition in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:379-386. [PMID: 36617954 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy affecting 5-20% of women of childbearing age. There is no single drug for the treatment of PCOS and current therapies have significant side effects. This study evaluated the ability of Milica excelsa to improve PCOS symptoms in rats. METHODS Induction of PCOS was achieved using letrozole (a reversible aromatase inhibitor; 1 mg/kg; given orally for 21 days). From day 22, PCOS rats received the aqueous extract of M. excelsa roots (14 and 140 mg/kg). Clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg) was administered to the positive control. The negative and the normal controls received the vehicle (5% DMSO). Treatments were given orally for 7 or 14 days. Vaginal smears were scrutinized daily during the experiment. Body weight was measured hebdomadal. Animals were sacrificed after the two treatment periods for biochemical and histological analyses. RESULTS Aromatase inhibition caused hyperandrogenism (p<0.001), overweight (p<0.001) and fat accumulation (p<0.001). It also blocked the estrous cycle at the diestrus phase and altered ovarian dynamics as evidenced by the accumulation of cystic (p<0.001) and atretic (p<0.001) follicles. In contrast, M. excelsa induced weight loss (p<0.001), reduction in fat weight (p<0001), and lower serum androgen and LH levels (p<0.001). It also restored the estrous cycle and improved ovarian dynamics by increasing the amount of Graafian follicles (p<0.001) and corpora lutea (p<0.001), and decreasing that of cystic and atretic follicles (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Milica excelsa corrected hyperandrogenism and overweight in PCOS animals, and reduced cyst formation and follicle atresia in their ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Noubouossie Pouegue
- Department of Animal Biology, Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Marie Alfrede Mvondo
- Department of Animal Biology, Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Prajapati DP, Patel M, Dharamsi A. Beneficial effect of polyherbal formulation in letrozole induced Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:575-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zeng LH, Rana S, Hussain L, Asif M, Mehmood MH, Imran I, Younas A, Mahdy A, Al-Joufi FA, Abed SN. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Disorder of Reproductive Age, Its Pathogenesis, and a Discussion on the Emerging Role of Herbal Remedies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:874914. [PMID: 35924049 PMCID: PMC9340349 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common, complex, and heterogeneous endocrine disorder of women that involves a combination of environmental and genetic factors. PCOS affects women of growing age particularly at the early to late reproductive stage (15–35 years). Currently, PCOS affects 1 in every 10 women worldwide. It is characterized majorly by a raised level of androgens such as testosterone and a large number of ovarian cysts (more than 10) that cause anovulation, infertility, and irregular menstrual cycle. PCOS is also related to other endocrine and metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity, hirsutism, acne, diabetes, insulin resistance, and glucose impairment. PCOS can be treated with allopathic, ayurvedic, and natural or herbal medications along with lifestyle modifications. Herbal medicines remained in demand for numerous reasons such as high cost and side effects associated with the use of allopathic medicine and our traditional norms, which have helped humans to use more herbal products for their health benefits. Estrogenic and nonestrogenic phytochemicals present in various plant species such as Glycyrrhiza glabra L. [Fabaceae], Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. [Asphodelaceae], Silybum marianum (L.). Gaertn. [Asteraceae], Serenoa repens (W.Bartram) Small [Arecaceae], Actaea racemosa L. [Ranunculaceae], and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels [Apiaceae] are effective and harmless. Herbal medicines are found to be cost-effective, efficacious, and a highly esteemed source of management/treatment for PCOS than allopathic medicines. In this literature review, diagnosis, signs, and symptoms of PCOS; causes of hormonal imbalance; and risk factors associated with PCOS and their management are discussed briefly, and the focus was to find out the role of herbal remedies in PCOS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Saba Rana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Liaqat Hussain,
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Anam Younas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amina Mahdy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fakhria A. Al-Joufi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaymaa Najm Abed
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Calendula Officinalis Extract on Androgen-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model in Female Rat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7402598. [PMID: 35845946 PMCID: PMC9283045 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7402598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age, and the major cause of infertility. Today, using medicinal plants instead of chemical drugs could be an alternative treatment option for PCOS. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Calendula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on PCOS in rats. Method. 60 female adult rats were randomly divided into six groups, including control, sham, PCOS group, and treated PCOS groups receiving hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis with different dosages of 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. PCOS was induced by subcutaneous injection of DHEA 6 mg/100 g bw for 35 days. For two weeks, the extract was taken orally. The serum glucose, insulin, sex hormone levels, and oxidative status were measured at the end of the experiment. The ovaries were dissected for histomorphometric and pathological analysis. Results. When compared to the control and sham groups, the PCOS group showed a significant increase in glucose, insulin, testosterone, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, cystic and atretic follicles, and thickness of the theca and tunica albuginea layers, and a significant decrease in LH concentration, total antioxidant capacity, corpus luteum, antral follicles, and oocyte diameter. The mean concentration of FSH, on the other hand, did not change significantly. A trend of improvement was found in the treated groups with high doses of Calendula officinalis extract. Conclusion. In rats with PCOS and nonovulation, Calendula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract improved oxidative stress, restored folliculogenesis, and increased ovulation.
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Dey A, Dhadhal S, Maharjan R, Nagar PS, Nampoothiri L. Partially purified non-polar phytocomponents from Aloe barbadensis Mill. gel restores metabolic and reproductive comorbidities in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rodent model- an "in-vivo" study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 291:115161. [PMID: 35271948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In India, Kumaryasava, a popular Aloe barbadensis Mill. gel preparation has therapeutic value in treatment of female reproductive disorders like menstrual disturbances and menopausal problems. Despite their widespread use, only a limited number of studies have probed into the scientific evidence for their varied bioactivities. In this regard, studies have demonstrated that Aloe vera gel has the potential to modulate steroidogenic activity in letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat. However, isolation and identification of the bioactive molecule/s from Aloe vera gel and studying their molecular targets will underpin the treatment regime for PCOS. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Partially Purified Non-Polar Phytocomponents (PPNPP)- LP1 and LP3 were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of Aloe vera gel by column chromatography. Based upon the GC-MS analysis, LP1 and LP3 comprised of n-Hexadecanoic acid and Campesterol acetate with an abundance of 97.07%, and 96.07% respectively. For evaluation of their bioactivities, eighty 3-4 months female Balb/c mice were classified as 10 groups with 8 animals in each group. Groups were control (C), PCOS (0.5 mg/kg/day Letrozole orally for 21days), PCOS treated orally for 60 days with Aloe vera gel (AVG) (10 mg/kg/day) (PCOS + AVG), PCOS treated orally for 60 days with petroleum ether extract (PE) of Aloe vera gel (25 μg/kg/day) (PCOS + PE), PCOS treated orally for 60 days with LP1 (0.5 μg/kg/day) (PCOS + LP1), PCOS treated orally for 60 days with commercially available pure compound-n-Hexadecanoic acid (HA) (0.5 μg/kg/day) (PCOS + HA), PCOS treated orally for 60 days with LP3 (0.01 μg/kg/day) (PCOS + LP3), PCOS treated orally for 60 days with commercially available pure compound- Campesterol acetate (CA) (0.01 μg/kg/day) (PCOS + CA), PCOS treated orally for 60 days with Metformin (100 mg/kg/day) (PCOS + Metformin) and PCOS treated orally for 60 days with DMSO (Vehicle) (PCOS + DMSO). Body weight, Oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin, estrus cycle, hormonal profile, gene expression of gonadotropin receptors (Fshr and Lhr), steroid receptors (Ar, Esr1, Esr2 and Pgr) and steroidogenic markers (Star, Hsd3b1, Cyp19a1 and Amh) were analysed in the ovaries. Polycystic ovarian morphology was assessed through histopathological changes of ovary. Toxicity markers- SGOT, SGPT and creatinine were also measured at the end of the study. RESULTS Mice treated with letrozole demonstrated significant increase in body weight, glucose intolerance, fasting insulin levels, HOMA-IR, triglycerides levels as well as testosterone levels, and a significant decline in the progesterone levels as compared to the control animals. PCOS animals also exhibited arrested estrus cyclicity, disrupted ovarian histopathology with the presence of multiple peripheral cysts and abnormal gene expression of gonadotropin receptor, steroid receptor and steroid markers. Oral administration of AVG, PE extract of AVG, LP3 and metformin greatly alleviated these complications in PCOS animals. CONCLUSION The above findings indicate the effectiveness of LP3, isolated from Aloe vera gel against letrozole induced PCOS in mice and may be used in the treatment of PCOS as an alternative to metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpi Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Shivani Dhadhal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Radha Maharjan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Padamnabhi S Nagar
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Laxmipriya Nampoothiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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Turmeric extract alleviates endocrine-metabolic disturbances in letrozole-induced PCOS by increasing adiponectin circulation: A comparison with Metformin. Metabol Open 2022; 13:100160. [PMID: 35005596 PMCID: PMC8717583 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common causes of female infertility is polycystic ovarian syndrome, which affects 6–21% of the population. Regrettably, the currently available treatments are mostly symptomatic and ineffective. As a result, safer options are needed now more than ever. In a letrozole PCOS albino mouse model, the current study compares the therapeutic advantages of Turmeric extract (Curcuma longa) to metformin. Adiponectin is a circulating protein generated by adipocytes that has been linked to metabolic diseases (MDs) in an inverse relationship. The effects of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma Longa) in contrast to Metformin, as well as the involvement of adiponectin in endocrine-metabolic abnormalities in experimentally induced PCOS mice model, were studied in this study. Letrozole (6 mg/kg) was administered orally (p.o) for 21 days to induce PCOS, followed by a dose of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma longa) (175 mg/kg and p.o) and Metformin (150 mg/kg) for 30 days, both with normal saline water (0.9%) as the carrier. The findings revealed that LET-treated mice displayed PCOS-like characteristics, such as higher LH levels, increased body weight growth, and ovarian morphology with numerous cysts, increase in fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, plasma lipid peroxidation (MDA) and IL-6, as well as a decrease in serum Progesterone, Estrogen, FSH, SOD and GSH levels in the ovary. These changes were linked to lower levels of circulating adiponectin and were reversed when treated Turmeric extract. By altering circulating androgen-adiponectin balance, the data implies that Turmeric extract alleviates endocrine-metabolic abnormalities and inflammation-related comorbidities associated with LET-induced PCOS.
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ul haq Shah MZ, Soni M, Shrivastava VK, Mir MA, Muzamil S. Gallic acid reverses ovarian disturbances in mice with letrozole-induced PCOS via modulating Adipo R1 expression. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1938-1949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Raja MA, Maldonado M, Chen J, Zhong Y, Gu J. Development and Evaluation of Curcumin Encapsulated Self-assembled Nanoparticles as Potential Remedial Treatment for PCOS in a Female Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6231-6247. [PMID: 34531655 PMCID: PMC8439717 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s302161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies affecting women of reproductive age and leads to metabolic disorders and infertility. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of curcumin (Cur) encapsulated arginine (Arg) and N-acetyl histidine (NAcHis) modified chitosan (Arg-CS-NAcHis/Cur) nanoparticles (NPs). METHODS In this study, amphiphilic chitosan (CS) conjugate was developed by modification with hydrophilic arginine (Arg) and hydrophobic N-acetyl histidine (NAcHis) group (Arg-CS-NAcHis). The synthesized conjugate was well characterized by FTIR and NMR studies. Self-assembled nanoparticles based on the synthesized conjugate were developed by simple sonication method and characterized for the physicochemical properties of zeta potential, particle size and drug encapsulation. Next, in vitro drug release, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake studies of the NPs were evaluated. Finally, the developed nanoparticles were examined for their therapeutic potential against estradiol valerate (EV) induced PCOS rats by evaluating hormone level changes and ovarian morphology. RESULTS The results showed that zeta potential of the nanoparticles was 39.8±2.52 mV and the average size was 200 nm. The in vitro drug release profile showed sustained release pattern. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies also showed preferential effectiveness than free curcumin. Both the biochemical and histopathological studies showed positive effects in reverting the symptoms of PCOS rats to normalcy. CONCLUSION Curcumin encapsulated arginine and N-acetyl histidine modified chitosan (Arg-CS-NAcHis/Cur) nanoparticles have been successfully developed. The present study suggested that treatment of the nanoparticles might reverse many of the PCOS symptoms. Therefore, these nanoparticles might be used as promising new candidate for delivery of curcumin to treat PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Ali Raja
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Pathology, Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
- Chengdu Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Reproductive Center of Chengdu Jinjiang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Martin Maldonado
- Chengdu Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Reproductive Center of Chengdu Jinjiang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianying Chen
- Chengdu Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Reproductive Center of Chengdu Jinjiang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Chengdu Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Reproductive Center of Chengdu Jinjiang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Ying Zhong Chengdu Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive
Medicine and Genetics, Reproductive
Center of Chengdu Jinjiang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 66, 88 Bi Sheng Road, Chengdu, 610023, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Jiang Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Pathology, Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
- Chengdu Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Reproductive Center of Chengdu Jinjiang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jiang Gu Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Pathology, Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Xinling Road 22, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People’s Republic of China Email ;
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Mvondo MA, Mzemdem Tsoplfack FI, Awounfack CF, Njamen D. The leaf aqueous extract of Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv. (Cecropiaceae) improved letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome associated conditions and infertility in female Wistar rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:275. [PMID: 32917200 PMCID: PMC7488433 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv. (Cecropiaceae) is a medicinal plant used to treat female infertility. The aqueous extract of M. arboreus leaves was found to improve the fertility of healthy female Wistar rats. In the present study, we proposed evaluating the effects of such an extract on an animal model of infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in order to bring scientific evidence to the curative action of this plant against female infertility. Methods Following a 21-day administration (gavage) of letrozole (1 mg/kg), animals with PCOS, indicated by overweight and an estrous cycle blocked in the diestrus phase, were co-treated with letrozole (1 mg/kg) and the aqueous extract of M. arboreus leaves at doses of 20, 110 and 200 mg/kg. The positive control received clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg) and metformin (200 mg/kg). The negative control received distilled water. Each group of animals was made up of 10 female rats. Vaginal smear was examined 7 days before and during co-treatments. Co-treatments were orally administered for 30 consecutive days and 5 animals per group were sacrificed thereafter for biochemical and histological analyses. The 5 remaining animals in each group were crossbred with males of proven fertility for 5 consecutive days. The daily examination of vaginal smears allowed evaluating fertility index. Following parturition, gestation rate was calculated. Results The aqueous extract of M. arboreus leaves reversed letrozole effects by decreasing body weight, abdominal fat accumulation, and serum levels of LH and testosterone (p < 0.001). Ovarian dynamic was improved and the number of tertiary, Graafian follicles (p < 0.001) and corpus luteum increased while that of cystic (p < 0.001) and atretic follicles (p < 0.01) decreased. These effects were associated with increased serum levels of estradiol, decreased ovarian oxidative stress, the resumption of the estrous cycle, the hypertrophy of uterine epithelial cells and increased fertility index and gestation rate. Conclusions These results justify at least in part, the traditional use of M. arboreus against female infertility and suggest that this plant could be a promising alternative treatment to improve symptoms associated with different PCOS phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Alfrede Mvondo
- Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | | | | | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Sherafatmanesh S, Ekramzadeh M, Tanideh N, Golmakani MT, Koohpeyma F. The effects of thylakoid-rich spinach extract and aqueous extract of caraway (Carum carvi L.) in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:249. [PMID: 32787839 PMCID: PMC7425561 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the oral administration of thylakoid-rich spinach extract and the caraway aqueous extract in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rats. METHODS Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups of 12 animals each. Letrozole (1 mg/kg) was administered orally for a period of 28 days to induce PCOS. Sham and PCOS control rats received 1 mL/day of distilled water, and the three groups of PCOS rats were given 150 mg/kg of metformin, 3 g/kg of caraway, and thylakoid at a dose of 6 mg chlorophyll/gr food intake/day by oral gavage for 8 weeks. Finally, blood samples were collected and the right ovary of rats was removed, weighed, and fixed in 4% buffered formalin to determine the biochemical and stereological parameters. RESULTS Compared to the PCOS control group, consuming metformin, thylakoid, and caraway extracts significantly improved the fasting blood sugar (FBS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin resistance, and body weight, increased the volume of the corpus luteum, and reduced the number of atretic follicles after 8 weeks (푃< 0.05). Although caraway treatment caused a significant increase in the HDL-C (High-density lipoprotein cholesterol) level (P < 0.001), no significant change was observed in terms of HDL-C in the thylakoid and metformin groups compared to the PCOS control group. CONCLUSION Our data showed that the consumption of thylakoid and caraway extracts for 8 weeks may have beneficial effects on the biochemical and stereological factors in PCOS-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sherafatmanesh
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ekramzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taghi Golmakani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kwon CY, Cho IH, Park KS. Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines for Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1192. [PMID: 32903374 PMCID: PMC7434855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorders of endocrinology in reproductive-age women. In this study, we reviewed data on the effects and underlying mechanisms of herbal medicines used in the treatment of PCOS in laboratory studies. Methods Articles published in English up to June 30, 2018 were searched in Medline and EMBASE. We extracted data regarding herbal intervention; target cell (or animal model) usage; method of herbal extraction; route of administration; dosage and periods; and outcomes of the compounds isolated from herbs, individual herbal extracts, and herbal formula decoctions. We summarized the actions and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on PCOS. Results A total of 27 studies involving 22 herbal medicines reported their efficacy on PCOS. The herbal interventions in the 27 studies comprised four compounds isolated from herbs (6 studies), nine individual herbal extracts (11 studies), and nine herbal formula decoctions (10 studies). Herbal medicines normalized female hormones, diminished male hormones, recovered the estrous cycle, ameliorated insulin resistance, and improved lipid metabolism in PCOS. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on PCOS were found to be associated with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, inhibition of autophagy and/or apoptosis, and ovarian nerve growth factor reduction. Conclusions Herbal medicines are thought to be promising resources in the development of effective therapeutic agents for PCOS. Further studies that include methodological quality assessment and quantitative synthesis of outcomes are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, and Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Sun Park
- Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, South Korea
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Ashkar F, Eftekhari MH, Tanideh N, Koohpeyma F, Mokhtari M, Irajie C, Iraji A. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Berberis integerrima and resveratrol on ovarian morphology and biochemical parameters in Letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rat model: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:637-650. [PMID: 32923930 PMCID: PMC7457158 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i8.7505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol and Berberis integerrima (B. integerrima) are known to be natural antioxidants and regulators of human metabolism. However, the effects of resveratrol and B. integerrima on the ovarian morphology in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are not obvious. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of B. integerrima in combination with resveratrol on some biochemical parameters and ovarian morphology in the letrozole-induced PCOS rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy adult female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10-12 weeks weighing 200 ± 20 gr were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10/each). Group I): normal; Group II): vehicle; Group III): letrozole-induced PCOS 1 mg/kg letrozole orally, rats receiving 1 cc normal saline orally; Group IV): PCOS + receiving 150 mg/kg metformin orally; Group V): PCOS + receiving 20 mg/kg resveratrol orally; Group VI): PCOS + 3 gr/kg barberry orally; and Group VII): PCOS + receiving 3 gr/kg barberry and 20 mg/kg resveratrol orally. All animals were followed-up for 63 days. The biochemical parameters and histological assessments of ovaries were performed. RESULTS Resveratrol alone and/or in combination with B. integerrima treatment in rats led to a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations (p = 0.02). The groups IV, V, VI, and VII showed a decrease in insulin resistance and an increase in the superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the level of serum glucose in the treatment groups. Number of cystic follicles had a significant decrease in barberry, resveratrol, and their combination groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Resveratrol, B. integerrima, and their combination as natural products with fewer side effects might be effective as an alternative medicine in treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ashkar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maral Mokhtari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Yang H, Lee YH, Lee SR, Kaya P, Hong EJ, Lee HW. Traditional Medicine (Mahuang-Tang) Improves Ovarian Dysfunction and the Regulation of Steroidogenic Genes in Letrozole-Induced PCOS Rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112300. [PMID: 31606536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mahuang-Tang (MHT) has traditionally been used in Asia to treat a variety of diseases, such as fever without sweating, joint pain, lower back pain, asthma, and gynecological conditions. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a kind of gynecological disease that causes amenorrhea, infertility, and menopausal and urogenital disorders that could benefit from MHT treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we examined the effects of MHT on ovarian hormones and steroidogenic enzymes in female PCOS rats. METHODS AND RESULTS The PCOS rat model was induced by Letrozole, and an in vivo evaluation of whether the dietary consumption of MHT improved the PCOS-like symptoms was conducted. The luteinizing hormone (LH) level and luteinizing hormone/follicular-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio increased in PCOS rats but decreased following MHT treatment. In the PCOS rats, the reduced estrogen level was restored to that of normal controls with MHT treatment in serum. The transcription level(s) of gonadotropin receptors (Fshr and Lhr), steroid receptors (Pgr, and Esr1) and steroidogenic enzymes (Cyp19a1, Hsd3b1, Hsd17a1, and Cyp11a1) changed under the PCOS condition, and were regulated by MHT treatment in the ovaries of PCOS rats. The reproductive tissues of Letrozole-induced PCOS rats were restored into estrogenic condition from androgen environments. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MHT ameliorates the symptoms of PCOS by improving the dysregulation of ovarian steroids and steroidogenic enzymes in PCOS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Sang R Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Pelin Kaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, South Korea.
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Korean Red Ginseng alleviates dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats via its antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:790-798. [PMID: 33192122 PMCID: PMC7655494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beneficial effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear. Methods We examined whether pretreatment (daily from 2 hours before PCOS induction) with KRG extract in water (KRGE; 75 and 150 mg/kg/day, p.o.) could exert a favorable effect in a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS rat model. Results Pretreatment with KRGE significantly inhibited the elevation of body and ovary weights, the increase in number and size of ovarian cysts, and the elevation of serum testosterone and estradiol levels induced by DHEA. Pretreatment with KRGE also inhibited macrophage infiltration and enhanced mRNA expression levels of chemokines [interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase in ovaries induced by DHEA. It also prevented the reduction in mRNA expression of growth factors (epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta (EGF, TGF-β)) related to inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell pathway and stimulation of the nuclear factor erythroid–derived 2-related factor 2 pathway. Interestingly, KRGE or representative ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3(s)) inhibited the activity of inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 and iNOS, cytosolic p-IkB, and nuclear p–nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells, whereas they increased nuclear factor erythroid–derived 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation. Conclusion These results provide that KRGE could prevent DHEA-induced PCOS via antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Thus, KRGE may be used in preventive and therapeutic strategies for PCOS-like symptoms.
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Effect of "DXB-2030," a Polyherbal Formulation, on Experimental Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Associated with Hyperandrogenism. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2019; 2019:8272850. [PMID: 30863446 PMCID: PMC6378078 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8272850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate “DXB-2030,” a polyherbal combination of Trigonella foenum-graecum, Aloe vera, Sphaeranthus indicus, Nardostachys jatamansi, and Symplocos racemosa extracts in an experimental model of testosterone propionate (TP), induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female rats. Thirty animals were divided into 3 groups of 10 each; group 1 served as normal control; group 2 was administered with TP and served as positive control; along with TP, group 3 was treated with “DXB-2030” at a dose of 100 mg/kg p.o., for 60 days. At the end of the study period, the animals were subjected for the estimation of serum testosterone levels, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), weight of the ovaries, estrous cycle, and histopathological evaluation. An in vitro assay on GLUT4 expression was carried out to understand the effect of “DXB-2030” on insulin resistance. Results showed that treatment with “DXB-2030” reversed the TP-induced changes by increasing the GLUT4 expression and decreasing the body weight, testosterone levels, AUC of glucose in OGTT, and the cystic follicles of the ovaries, thus indicating its beneficial effect in PCOS by ameliorating the metabolic dysfunction and reproductive impairment, which are the pathophysiological conditions associated with PCOS. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that “DXB-2030” was effective in the management of experimental PCOS and hence may be recommended in the treatment of PCOS.
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Mollazadeh H, Mahdian D, Hosseinzadeh H. Medicinal plants in treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: A review based on their mechanisms and effectiveness. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:43-52. [PMID: 30668411 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia (HTg) defines as high amounts of triglyceride (TG) in the blood which can lead to serious complications over time. HTg is usually a part of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia. Different medications have been used to treat HTg but experimentally, many herbs have been recommended for treating HTg as an adjuvant therapy. In most cases, the recommendations are based on animal studies and limited evidences exist about their mechanisms and clinical usefulness. PURPOSE This review focused on the herbs which have been shown TG lowering effect. METHOD The search was done in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases a 20-year period between 1997 to 2017 with keywords search of medicinal plant, plant extract, hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein. RESULTS According to the results, many plants showed positive effects but Allium sativum, Nigella sativa, Curcuma longa, Anethum graveolens and Commiphora mukul had the best TG lowering effect with exact mechanisms of action. CONCLUSION It seems that use of these plants as complementary therapeutics or extraction of their active ingredients along with currently available drugs will improve the management of HTg in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Davood Mahdian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamic and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Kakadia N, Patel P, Deshpande S, Shah G. Effect of Vitex negundo L. seeds in letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:336-345. [PMID: 31453130 PMCID: PMC6701941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of PCOS is multifaceted but often unsatisfactory. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of Vitex negundo L. in the letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups, each containing 6 animals. Group I (Control) daily received 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) suspension as a vehicle control. Letrozole (1 mg/kg) was administered per orally (p.o) for a period of 21 days for the induction of PCOS in Group II to VI. PCOS induced animals were treated with aqueous (Group III - 200 mg/kg and IV- 400 mg/kg) and hydroalcoholic extract (Group V- 200 mg/kg and VI- 400 mg/kg) of Vitex negundo up to 66 days using 0.5% w/v CMC as the vehicle. Body weight and estrous cycle phase were measured every day. Blood samples were collected on 0, 21 and 66 days for the measurement of fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, LH, FSH and hormonal level. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed to study insulin resistance effect. Toxicity markers; SGOT, SGPT, and creatinine also measured at the end of the study. The administration of Letrozole led to an abnormality in serum sex steroid profile, lipid profile, glucose and estrous cycle. It was able to successfully exert its protective effect by restoring parameters to the normal level and disappearance of cysts in ovaries. This can be attributed to phyto-components present in the extract. The aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of seeds of Vitex negundo showed significant amelioration of Letrozole induced PCOS.
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Key Words
- CMC, Carboxymethylcellulose
- CPCSEA, Committee for the Purpose of Control And Supervision of Experiments on Animals
- DC, Disease control
- DHEA, Dehydroepiandrosterone
- Estrogen
- HCG, Human chorionic gonadotropin
- IAEC, Institutional Animal Ethics Committee
- Insulin resistance
- KBIPER, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- LVG, Lallubhai Vrajlal Gandhi
- Letrozole
- NADH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NC, Normal control
- NPD, Normal pellet diet
- PCG, Pharmacognosy
- PCOS, Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- VN, Vitex negundo L.
- VNA, Aqueous extract of Vitex negundo
- VNE, Hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex negundo
- Vitex negundo
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Kakadia
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, GH-6, Sector-23, Gandhinagar, 382023, Gujarat, India
| | - Payal Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, GH-6, Sector-23, Gandhinagar, 382023, Gujarat, India
| | - Shrikalp Deshpande
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, GH-6, Sector-23, Gandhinagar, 382023, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurang Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, GH-6, Sector-23, Gandhinagar, 382023, Gujarat, India
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Patel R, Shah G. Evaluation of ovarian and metabolic effects of GnRH modulators in two rat models of polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:778-789. [PMID: 30203897 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) modulators are widely used in numerous reproductive conditions including infertility. Several clinical studies showed mixed results regarding the efficacy of GnRH modulators in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Along with this, few preclinical studies focus on the effect of GnRH modulators in PCOS-induced animals. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the effect of leuprolide and cetrorelix on hormonal, metabolic, and menstrual dysfunction PCOS rats. Prepubertal female rats were divided into four groups: Group I received a normal pellet diet and Groups II, III, and IV received 40% high-fat diet for 105 days. Similarly, adult female rats were divided into four groups: Group I received 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and Groups II, III, and IV received letrozole (1 mg/kg, per oral [p.o.] in 1% CMC) for 21 days. Thereafter, leuprolide (2.5 µg/rat, s.c.) and cetrorelix (10 µg/kg, subcutaneous [s.c.]) treatment were given to Group III and Group IV animals, respectively, for 21 days. Oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin, estrus cycle, hormonal profile, ovary weight, ovarian histopathological changes, and LHR and FSHR expressions were measured. Treatment with leuprolide and cetrorelix did not improve glucose intolerance, insulin level, insulin sensitivity indices, sex hormone levels, lipid profile, and estrus cycle. Only testosterone level, total cholesterol level, and follicular development were improved. Therefore, it was concluded that both leuprolide and cetrorelix showed improvement in follicular development, which could be helpful for improving fertility in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Gaurang Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
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Lee YH, Yang H, Lee SR, Kwon SW, Hong EJ, Lee HW. Welsh Onion Root ( Allium fistulosum) Restores Ovarian Functions from Letrozole Induced-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1430. [PMID: 30287740 PMCID: PMC6213865 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine, metabolic, and systemic disease. It is mainly characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, and high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH). There is no obvious therapy for PCOS, so patients have received symptomatic therapy. Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) is well-known in Asian countries for its usage in food ingredients and traditional medicines. It is also studied for its many effects. These include activation of immune responses, antihypertensive effects, and antioxidant effects. Using letrozole-induced PCOS rats, we focused on herbal therapy using extract of Allium fistulosum (AF; A. fistulosum) roots to improve ovarian functions. As a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, letrozole blocks conversion of testosterone to estrogen and subsequently induces PCOS phenomenon. We divided six-week-old female rats into four groups, including control, letrozole, letrozole + AF extract, and temporary letrozole groups. In our study, treatment with AF extract shows a low plasma LH/FSH ratio, and reveals high estrogen levels, ovarian morphology, folliculogenesis-related genes, and aromatase expression under PCOS mimic conditions. We concluded that AF extract administration influenced aromatase production, enhanced the estrogen steroid synthesis, and consequently restored the estrogenic feedback mechanism on the pituitary-ovary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Hyun Yang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Sang R Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sun Woo Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
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Salehi B, Albayrak S, Antolak H, Kręgiel D, Pawlikowska E, Sharifi-Rad M, Uprety Y, Tsouh Fokou PV, Yousef Z, Amiruddin Zakaria Z, Varoni EM, Sharopov F, Martins N, Iriti M, Sharifi-Rad J. Aloe Genus Plants: From Farm to Food Applications and Phytopharmacotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2843. [PMID: 30235891 PMCID: PMC6163315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe genus plants, distributed in Old World, are widely known and have been used for centuries as topical and oral therapeutic agents due to their health, beauty, medicinal, and skin care properties. Among the well-investigated Aloe species are A. arborescens, A. barbadensis, A. ferox, and A. vera. Today, they account among the most economically important medicinal plants and are commonly used in primary health treatment, where they play a pivotal role in the treatment of various types of diseases via the modulation of biochemical and molecular pathways, besides being a rich source of valuable phytochemicals. In the present review, we summarized the recent advances in botany, phytochemical composition, ethnobotanical uses, food preservation, and the preclinical and clinical efficacy of Aloe plants. These data will be helpful to provide future directions for the industrial and medicinal use of Aloe plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 88777539, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 22439789, Iran.
| | - Sevil Albayrak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
| | - Hubert Antolak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Pawlikowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663-335, Iran.
| | - Yadav Uprety
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, P.O. Box 1030 Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Ngoa Ekelle, Annex Fac. Sci, P.O. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Zubaida Yousef
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3 Building, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia.
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, via Beldiletto 1/3, 20100 Milan, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada.
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Insulin Sensitizers Modulate GnRH Receptor Expression in PCOS Rats. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:154-163. [PMID: 30104075 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin sensitizers like metformin and pioglitazone are clinically used since last decades for the treatment of PCOS, but their efficacy and possible role in PCOS patients remains questionable. Also, the mechanism by which these insulin sensitizers show effect is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of metformin and pioglitazone on leutinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone receptor mRNA expression, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in high fat diet induced and letrozole induced PCOS in rats. METHODS Pre-pubertal female rats were divided into four groups: group I received normal pellet diet and group II, III and IV received high fat diet. After 105 d of dietary manipulation, metformin and pioglitazone treatment was given to group III and group IV animals respectively for 21 d. Similarly, adult female rats were divided into four groups: group I received 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and group II, III, IV received letrozole for 21 d. After 21 d of letrozole administration, metformin and pioglitazone treatment was given to group III and group IV animals respectively for 21 d. Oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin, estrus cycle, hormonal profile, ovary weight, leutinizing hormone receptor and follicle stimulating hormone receptor mRNA expression was measured. Polycystic ovarian morphology was assessed through histopathological changes of ovary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Metformin and pioglitazone treatment improve both metabolic and reproductive parameters of PCOS including hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism. LH receptor and FSH receptor mRNA expression were altered by pioglitazone and metformin treatment.
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Chaudhari N, Dawalbhakta M, Nampoothiri L. GnRH dysregulation in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a manifestation of an altered neurotransmitter profile. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:37. [PMID: 29642911 PMCID: PMC5896071 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GnRH is the master molecule of reproduction that is influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Any alteration in these regulatory loops may result in reproductive-endocrine dysfunction such as the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Although low dopaminergic tone has been associated with PCOS, the role of neurotransmitters in PCOS remains unknown. The present study was therefore aimed at understanding the status of GnRH regulatory neurotransmitters to decipher the neuroendocrine pathology in PCOS. METHODS PCOS was induced in rats by oral administration of letrozole (aromatase inhibitor). Following PCOS validation, animals were assessed for gonadotropin levels and their mRNA expression. Neurotrasnmitter status was evaluated by estimating their levels, their metabolism and their receptor expression in hypothalamus, pituitary, hippocampus and frontal cortex of PCOS rat model. RESULTS We demonstrate that GnRH and LH inhibitory neurotransmitters - serotonin, dopamine, GABA and acetylcholine - are reduced while glutamate, a major stimulator of GnRH and LH release, is increased in the PCOS condition. Concomitant changes were observed for neurotransmitter metabolising enzymes and their receptors as well. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that increased GnRH and LH pulsatility in PCOS condition likely result from the cumulative effect of altered GnRH stimulatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in hypothalamic-pituitary centre. This, we hypothesise, is responsible for the depression and anxiety-like mood disorders commonly seen in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirja Chaudhari
- 0000 0001 2154 7601grid.411494.dReproductive-Neuro-Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - Mitali Dawalbhakta
- 0000 0001 2154 7601grid.411494.dReproductive-Neuro-Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - Laxmipriya Nampoothiri
- 0000 0001 2154 7601grid.411494.dReproductive-Neuro-Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat India
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Patel R, Shah G. High-fat diet exposure from pre-pubertal age induces polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats. Reproduction 2018; 155:141-151. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation, polycystic ovaries and metabolic syndrome. Many researchers reported that PCOS often starts with menarche in adolescents. Presently available animal model focuses on ovarian but not metabolic features of PCOS. Therefore, we hypothesized that high-fat diet feeding to pre-pubertal female rats results in both reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS. Pre-pubertal female rats were divided into two groups: group I received normal pellet diet and group II received high-fat diet (HFD). In the letrozole study, adult female rats were divided into two groups: group I received 1% carboxy methyl cellulose and group II received 1 mg/kg letrozole orally. Oral glucose tolerance test, lipid profile, fasting glucose, insulin, estrus cycle, hormonal profile, ovary weight, luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor expression were measured. Polycystic ovarian morphology was assessed through histopathological changes of ovary. Feeding of HFD gradually increase glucose intolerance and fasting insulin levels. Triglyceride level was higher in HFD study while total cholesterol level was higher in the letrozole study. Alteration in testosterone and estrogen levels was observed in both studies. LH receptor expression was upregulated only in HFD study. Histopathological changes like increase cystic follicle, diminished granulosa cell layer and thickened theca cell layer were observed in letrozole as well as HFD study. High-fat diet initiated at pre-puberty age in rats produces both metabolic disturbances and ovarian changes similar to that observed clinically in PCOS patients. Letrozole on the other hand induces change in ovarian structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Patel
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurang Shah
- 2Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Ullah A, Jahan S, Razak S, Pirzada M, Ullah H, Almajwal A, Rauf N, Afsar T. Protective effects of GABA against metabolic and reproductive disturbances in letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:62. [PMID: 28915843 PMCID: PMC5603011 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PCOs is a heterogeneous disorder with anovulation/oligo ovulation usually taken as oligo menorrhoea or amenorrhoea, hyperandrogenemia, hirsutism, acne, androgen alopecia and polycystic ovaries as the key diagnostic feathers. The study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective and ameliorating effects of GABA in Letrozole induced PCOS model in rats by targeting insulin resistance. Methods PCOs in Adult female rat was induced by the daily gastric administration of letrozole (1 mg/kg/day) in CMC (0.5%) for 36 days. Rats were given metformin (2 mg/kg), GABA (100 mg/kg/day) and GABA (500 mg/kg/day) along with letrozole. One group severed as vehicle control. On the 37 day, the animals were euthanized, and anthropometrical, biochemical (glucose, insulin, lipids, testosterone, Estradiol, Progesterone, oral glucose tolerance test, total protein content in ovary, cholesterol level, triglyceride, HDL, LDL), Antioxidants (CAT, POD, GSR, ROS, GSH, TBARS), and histopathological evaluation of ovaries were carried out. Daily colpocytological examination was also carried out until the termination. Results Both the doses of GABA significantly reduced body weight, body mass index and testosterone. While the levels of CAT, SOD, POD and Estradiol (E2) were significantly increased in the both doses of GABA. A favourable lipid profile, normal glucose tolerance, and decreased in the percentage of estrus smears were observed. Histopathological examination of ovary revealed a decreased in the number of cystic follicles, and decreased in the adipocytes respectively. The effects observed with GABA were comparable to that with metformin. Conclusion The results suggest that GABA treatment has shown protective effect in PCOs and provide beneficial effect either by reducing insulin resistance or by inducing antioxidant defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madeeha Pirzada
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hizb Ullah
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Rauf
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Behrouzi Lak T, Hajshafiha M, Nanbakhsh F, Oshnouei S. N-acetyl cysteine in ovulation induction of PCOS women underwent intrauterine insemination: An RCT. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.15.4.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Behrouzi Lak T, Hajshafiha M, Nanbakhsh F, Oshnouei S. N-acetyl cysteine in ovulation induction of PCOS women underwent intrauterine insemination: An RCT. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017; 15:203-208. [PMID: 28835936 PMCID: PMC5555037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) was proposed as an adjuvant to clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) without clomiphene citrate resistance. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of NAC on pregnancy rate in PCOS patients who were candidates for intrauterine insemination. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 97 PCOS women aged 18-38 years were enrolled in two groups, randomly. For the case group (n=49), NAC (1.2 gr)+ clomiphene citrate (100 mg) + letrozole (5mg) were prescribed daily from the third day of menstruation cycle for five days. The control group (n=48) had the same drug regimen without NAC. In order to follicular development, recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (r-hFSH; Gonal-F®) was injected on days of 7-11 menstrual cycles in all participants. When the follicle size was 18mm or more, 10000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin was injected intramuscular and the intrauterine insemination was performed after 34-36 hr. RESULTS There were not significant differences between study groups regarding mean endometrial thickness (p=0.14), the mean number of mature follicles (p=0.20), and the pregnancy rate (p=0.09). CONCLUSION NAC is ineffective in inducing or augmenting ovulation in PCOS patients who were candidates for intrauterine insemination and cannot be recommended as an adjuvant to CC in such patients.
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Saiyed A, Jahan N, Makbul SAA, Ansari M, Bano H, Habib SH. Effect of combination of Withania somnifera Dunal and Tribulus terrestris Linn on letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:293-300. [PMID: 28462131 PMCID: PMC5390450 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the effect of the combination of hydroalcoholic extract of Withania somnifera (WS) and Tribulus terrestris (TT) on letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in rat. Methods Twenty four female Wistar rats of regular estrus cycle were divided into four groups of six animals each. The negative control group received 1 mL of 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose. The animals of the other groups were treated with letrozole (1 mg/kg) for 21 days for induction of PCOS. The animals of the positive control group were sacrificed on the 22nd day. In the test and standard groups, the treatment was started from the 22nd day and continued for a further 28 days. The test group was treated with hydroalcoholic extract of the combination of WS and TT (198 mg/kg) and the standard group with clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg). Throughout the study, vaginal smears were collected daily from each animal for the determination of different phases of the estrus cycle. After completion of the treatment schedule all the animals of each group were sacrificed; analysis of hormones, total cholesterol, blood glucose, ovarian and uterine weight, and histopathological study of the ovary were carried out. Results The combination of the test drugs showed significant effects in normalizing the estrus cycle after being altered by letrozole. In the positive control group follicle-stimulating hormone level was decreased although luteinizing hormone, estradiole, and testosterone levels were increased (p < 0.05), however, after treatment the reverse effect was observed in the level of these hormones. Significant reduction in serum total cholesterol was also observed (p < 0.05). The test drugs decreased ovarian weight, and uterine weight was also returned to normalcy. Histopathology of the ovary showed almost normal ovary. Conclusion The above findings indicate the effectiveness of the combination of hydroalcoholic extract of WS and TT against letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rat. This validates the usefulness of combination in PCOS and other related disorders as mentioned by Unani physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrin Saiyed
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Nasreen Jahan
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Shaikh Ajij Ahmed Makbul
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), Doctor Abdul Haq Unani Medical College, Kurnool, India
| | - Mushir Ansari
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Humaira Bano
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Syeda Hajera Habib
- RMO, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Soumya V, Muzib YI, Venkatesh P. A novel method of extraction of bamboo seed oil (Bambusa bambos Druce) and its promising effect on metabolic symptoms of experimentally induced polycystic ovarian disease. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 48:162-7. [PMID: 27127318 PMCID: PMC4825433 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.178833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential effect of bamboo seed oil in decreasing the major metabolic symptoms associated with letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian disease using female rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A new method of microwave-assisted extraction was developed. Female rats were grouped into four with six animals each. All rats were daily administered with letrozole (1 mg/kg b.wt.) for 21 days except control, and during this period, changes in estrous cycle were observed. After letrozole treatment, Group 2 was considered negative control, Groups 3 and 4 were treated orally with bamboo oil, 0.5 ml/kg b.wt. and 1 ml/kg b.wt., respectively, for 3 weeks (five consecutive estrus cycles). Various parameters such as estrus cycle, blood sugar level, lipid profile, and weights of reproductive system were determined. The characteristics of cystic ovaries were evaluated by histopathological studies. RESULTS The isolated bamboo oil restored estrus cyclicity showed hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. 1 ml/kg b.wt. of bamboo oil showed a marked glucose reduction from 254.04 ± 2.08 to 92.6 ± 1.63, and levels of total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride were reduced from 186.45 ± 2.28, 30.07 ± 2.36, 100.36 ± 2.35 to 152.14 ± 2.63, 25.94 ± 1.66, 93.32 ± 1.09, respectively. Histopathological results showed the presence of ovulation and recovery from cystic ovaries. CONCLUSION A novel and promising drug was isolated in the treatment and maintenance of various metabolic symptoms associated with polycystic ovary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Soumya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Y Indira Muzib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Venkatesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Beneficial effect of Curcumin in Letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Basheer M, Rai S. Melatonin vs. phytomelatonin: Therapeutic uses with special reference to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2015.1136257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muddasir Basheer
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Seema Rai
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
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Amini L, Tehranian N, Movahedin M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Soltanghoraee H. Polycystic Ovary Morphology (PCOM) in Estradiol Valerate Treated Mouse Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH AND REPRODUCTION SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.15296/ijwhr.2016.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Demirel MA, Ilhan M, Suntar I, Keles H, Kupeli Akkol E. Activity of Corylus avellana seed oil in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome model in rats. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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GC-MS analysis of Cocus nucifera flower extract and its effects on heterogeneous symptoms of polycystic ovarian disease in female Wistar rats. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:677-84. [PMID: 25263979 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of Cocus nucifera L. flowers in reducing the major multiple symptoms of letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) in female rats. METHOD Female, virgin Wistar rats were treated with letrozole (1 mg/kg body wt) to induce PCOD, and after 21 days of induction rats were administered orally with 100 and 200 mg·kg(-1) of Cocus nucifera flower aqueous extract, respectively. Estrus cycle and blood sugar were monitored once a week throughout the study. After scarification, various biochemical parameters, such as antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH)) of the uterus homogenate, lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG)) of the serum were determined. Weights of the uterus and ovaries were separately monitored. The characteristics of changes in the ovary were evaluated by histopathological studies. RESULTS GC-MS analysis of the aqueous extract showed the presence of volatile and pharmacologically active phytoconstituents. C. nucifera flower extract-treated groups showed estrus cyclicity and increased uterus weight which indicates the estrogenic effect. The improved blood sugar level, ideal lipid profile, good antioxidant status, and histopathology results revealed the recovery from poly cystic ovaries. CONCLUSION The results indicate that C. nucifera flower is a potential medicine for the treatment of PCOD and this study supports the traditional uses of C. nucifera flower.
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Radha MH, Laxmipriya NP. Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 5:21-6. [PMID: 26151005 PMCID: PMC4488101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera (蘆薈 lú huì) is well known for its considerable medicinal properties. This plant is one of the richest natural sources of health for human beings coming. The chemistry of the plant has revealed the presence of more than 200 different biologically active substances. Many biological properties associated with Aloe species are contributed by inner gel of the leaves. Most research has been centralized on the biological activities of the various species of Aloe, which include antibacterial and antimicrobial activities of the nonvolatile constituents of the leaf gel. Aloe species are widely distributed in the African and the eastern European continents, and are spread almost throughout the world. The genus Aloe has more than 400 species but few, such as A. vera, Aloe ferox, and Aloe arborescens, are globally used for trade. A. vera has various medicinal properties such as antitumor, antiarthritic, antirheumatoid, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. In addition, A. vera has also been promoted for constipation, gastrointestinal disorders, and for immune system deficiencies. However, not much convincing information is available on properties of the gel. The present review focuses on the detailed composition of Aloe gel, its various phytocomponents having various biological properties that help to improve health and prevent disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharjan H Radha
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Nampoothiri P Laxmipriya
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, The M S University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Rooney S, Pendry B. Phytotherapy for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A review of the literature and evaluation of practitioners’ experiences. J Herb Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Oriental medicine Kyung-Ok-Ko prevents and alleviates dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87623. [PMID: 24520334 PMCID: PMC3919730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), a traditional herbal prescription composed of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurae, Lycium chinense, Aquillaria agallocha, Poria cocos, Panax ginseng, and honey, has been widely used in traditional Oriental medicine as a vitalizing medicine or as the prescription for patients with age-associated disorders such as amnesia and stroke. However, the potential protective value of KOK for the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is largely unknown. We investigated whether pre-administration (daily from 2 hours before PCOS induction) and post-administration (daily after induction of PCOS) of KOK (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg/day, p.o.) could have a protective effect in a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, s.c.)-induced PCOS rat model. Pre-administration of KOK significantly decreased the elevated body weight and ovary weight, elevated size and number of follicular cysts, elevated level of serum glucose, and estradiol after DHEA injection. KOK reduced the elevated percentage of CD8 (+) T lymphocytes in lymph nodes, the elevated mRNA expression of CD11b and CD3 in ovaries, and infiltration of macrophages in ovarian tissue with PCOS. KOK diminished the increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1), and iNOS in the ovaries, and increased the reduced mRNA expression of growth factors (EGF, TGF-β) by DHEA injection. Post-administration of KOK also improved the DHEA-induced PCOS-like symptoms, generally similar to those evident from pre-administration of KOK. KOK may effectively prevent and improve DHEA-induced PCOS via anti-inflammatory action, indicating its preventive and therapeutic potential for suppressing PCOS.
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Santangelo C, Varì R, Scazzocchio B, Filesi C, Masella R. Management of reproduction and pregnancy complications in maternal obesity: which role for dietary polyphenols? Biofactors 2014; 40:79-102. [PMID: 23983164 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global and dramatic public health problem; maternal obesity represents one of the main risk factors of infertility and pregnancy complications as it is associated with adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. In the last few years, adipose tissue dysfunction associated with altered adipocytokine secretion has been suggested to play a critical role in all the phases of reproductive process. Obesity is a nutrition-related disorder. In this regard, dietary intervention strategies, such as high intake of fruit and vegetables, have shown significant effects in both preserving health and counteracting obesity-associated diseases. Evidence has been provided that polyphenols, important constituents of plant-derived food, can influence developmental program of oocyte and embryo, as well as pregnancy progression by modulating several cellular pathways. This review will examine the controversial results so far obtained on adipocytokine involvement in fertility impairment and pregnancy complications. Furthermore, the different effects exerted by polyphenols on oocyte, embryo, and pregnancy development will be also taken in account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Santangelo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Toxicologic assessment of a commercial decolorized whole leaf aloe vera juice, lily of the desert filtered whole leaf juice with aloesorb. J Toxicol 2013; 2013:802453. [PMID: 23554812 PMCID: PMC3608129 DOI: 10.1155/2013/802453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera, a common ingredient in cosmetics, is increasingly being consumed as a beverage supplement. Although consumer interest in aloe likely stems from its association with several health benefits, a concern has also been raised by a National Toxicology Program Report that a nondecolorized whole leaf aloe vera extract taken internally by rats was associated with intestinal mucosal hyperplasia and ultimately malignancy. We tested a decolorized whole leaf (DCWL) aloe vera, treated with activated charcoal to remove the latex portion of the plant, for genotoxicity in bacteria, acute/subacute toxicity in B6C3F1 mice, and subchronic toxicity in F344 rats. We found this DCWL aloe vera juice to be nongenotoxic in histidine reversion and DNA repair assays. Following acute administration, mice exhibited no adverse signs at 3- or 14-day evaluation periods. When fed to male and female F344 rats over 13 weeks, DCWL aloe led to no toxicity as assessed by behavior, stools, weight gain, feed consumption, organ weights, and hematologic or clinical chemistry profiles. These rats had intestinal mucosal morphologies—examined grossly and microscopically—that were similar to controls. Our studies show that oral administration of this DCWL aloe juice has a different toxicology profile than that of the untreated aloe juice at exposures up to 13 weeks.
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Ortega I, Sokalska A, Villanueva JA, Cress AB, Wong DH, Stener-Victorin E, Stanley SD, Duleba AJ. Letrozole increases ovarian growth and Cyp17a1 gene expression in the rat ovary. Fertil Steril 2012. [PMID: 23200686 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of letrozole on ovarian size and steroidogenesis in vivo, as well as on proliferation and steroidogenesis of theca-interstitial cells alone and in coculture with granulosa cells using an in vitro model. DESIGN In vivo and in vitro studies. SETTING Research laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Immature Sprague-Dawley female rats. INTERVENTION(S) In vivo effects of letrozole were studied in intact rats receiving either letrozole (90-day continuous-release SC pellets, 400 μg/d) or placebo pellets (control group). In in vitro experiments, theca cells were cultured alone or in coculture with granulosa cells in the absence or presence of letrozole. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was determined by thymidine incorporation assay; steroidogenesis by mass spectrometry; and steroidogenic enzyme messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by polymerase chain reaction. RESULT(S) In vivo, letrozole induced an increase in ovarian size compared with the control group and also induced a profound increase of androgen, LH levels, and Cyp17a1 mRNA expression. Conversely, a decrease in Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd3b1 transcripts was observed in letrozole-exposed rats. In vitro, letrozole did not alter either theca cell proliferation or Cyp17a1 mRNA expression. Similarly, letrozole did not affect Cyp17a1 transcripts in granulosa-theca cocultures. CONCLUSION(S) These findings suggest that letrozole exerts potent, but indirect, effect on growth of rat ovary and dramatically increases androgen levels and Cyp17a1 mRNA expression, the key enzyme regulating the androgen biosynthesis pathway. The present findings reveal novel mechanisms of action of letrozole in the rat ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Ortega
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, IVI-Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Desai BN, Maharjan RH, Nampoothiri LP. Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model. Pharmacognosy Res 2012; 4:109-15. [PMID: 22518083 PMCID: PMC3326757 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.94736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), characterized by ovulatory infertility and hyperandrogenism, is associated with metabolic complications such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Almost 70% PCOS women have abnormal serum lipid levels (dyslipidemia) and 50% of these women are obese. Several classes of pharmacological agents have been used to manage dyslipidemia. However, studies have shown adverse effects associated with these drugs. In the light of alternate therapy, many medicinal herbs have been reported to show hypoglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic potential. Aloe barbadensis Mill. or Aloe vera is reported as one such herb. This study was to evaluate the lipid correcting effect of Aloe vera gel (AVG) in a PCOS rat model. Materials and Methods: PCOS was induced in Charles Foster female rats by oral administration of non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor letrozole (0.5 mg/kg body weight, 21 days). All rats were hyperglycemic and 90% rats also showed elevated plasma triglycerides, elevated LDL cholesterol levels, and lowered plasma HDL cholesterol levels indicative of a dyslipidemic profile. PCOS positive rats with an aberrant lipid profile were selected for treatment. An AVG formulation (1 ml (10 mg)/day, 30 days) was administered orally. Results and Conclusion: AVG treated PCOS rats exhibited significant reduction in plasma triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels, with an increase in HDL cholesterol. The gel treatment also caused reversion of abnormal estrous cyclicity, glucose intolerance, and lipid metabolizing enzyme activities, bringing them to normal. In conclusion, AVG has phyto components with anti-hyperlipidemic effects and it has shown efficacy in management of not only PCOS but also the associated metabolic complication : dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna N Desai
- Department of Biochemistry, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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