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Lu J, Ji S, Ma L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yue J, Han R. Iron Level in Pregnant Rats is Associated with Caries Susceptibility in Offsprings. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04375-2. [PMID: 39331325 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent issue in pregnant women and children. However, the causal relationship between IDA in pregnancy and caries susceptivity in offspring remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of iron level during pregnancy on caries susceptivity of offsprings. Here, low-iron (LI) and high-iron (HI) models were established in maternal rats, and iron-related characteristics were examined in maternal rats and their offsprings. After induction of caries in rat offsprings, the carious lesions were evaluated by the Keyes scores, and microstructural damages in molars were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that LI in maternal rats induced IDA in rat offsprings, and HI only increased serum ferritin in offsprings. LI and HI in maternal rats had no effect on the morphological structure of salivary glands in rat offsprings. After inducing caries, rat offsprings in the LI group exhibited significant increase in enamel lesions at the smooth surface, and on enamel, slight dentinal, and moderate dentinal lesions at the sulcal surface. Only enamel lesions at the sulcal surface were significantly weakened in the HI group. Additionally, visible enamel damages were observed in the LI group. To sum up, iron deficiency during pregnancy enhances caries susceptibility in rat offsprings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China
- Qingdao University Dental Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shuaiqi Ji
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Lei Ma
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China
- Qingdao University Dental Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China
- Qingdao University Dental Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China
- Qingdao University Dental Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China
| | - Jin Yue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China
- Qingdao University Dental Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China
| | - Rui Han
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China.
- Qingdao University Dental Digital Medicine and 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266023, China.
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Zięba S, Maciejczyk M, Antonowicz B, Porydzaj A, Szuta M, Lo Giudice G, Lo Giudice R, Krokosz S, Zalewska A. Comparison of smoking traditional, heat not burn and electronic cigarettes on salivary cytokine, chemokine and growth factor profile in healthy young adults-pilot study. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1404944. [PMID: 38915777 PMCID: PMC11194668 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1404944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Smoking is the cause of numerous oral pathologies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of smoking traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heat-not-burn products on the content of salivary cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in healthy young adults. Design: Three groups of twenty-five smokers each as well as a control group matched in terms of age, gender, and oral status were enrolled in the study. In unstimulated saliva collected from study groups and participants from the control group, the concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were assessed by Bio-Plex® Multiplex System. Results: We demonstrated that smoking traditional cigarettes is responsible for increasing the level of IFN-γ compared to non-smokers and new smoking devices users in unstimulated saliva in the initial period of addiction. Furthermore, e-cigarettes and heat-not-burn products appear to have a similar mechanism of affecting the immune response system of unstimulated saliva, leading to inhibition of the local inflammatory response in the oral cavity. Conclusion: Smoking traditional cigarettes as well as e-cigarettes and heat-not-burn products is responsible for changes of the local immune response in saliva. Further research is necessary to fill the gap in knowledge on the effect of new smoking devices on the oral cavity immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zięba
- Doctoral Studies, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Antonowicz
- Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Porydzaj
- Student Research Group of Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szuta
- Department of Oral Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Lo Giudice
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Evolutive Age. G. Barresi, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Stanisław Krokosz
- Student Research Group of Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Su JN, Pan YH, Dorj O, Lin JCY, Salamanca E, Chen IW, Wu YF, Chang WJ. Association between oral health status and occlusal bite force in young adults. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1182-1189. [PMID: 38618102 PMCID: PMC11010718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Oral health is related to general health and a person's overall well-being. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between oral health status and bite force among young adults. Materials and methods Maximum bite force (MBF) was measured using Dental Prescale II in conjunction with a pressure-sensitive film and bite force analyzer in 40 young adults aged 20 to 40. Supragingival dental plaque was collected and cultured. Plaque weight, pH, and colony counts were assessed. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT) and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Results Bite force was negatively correlated with the number of missing teeth and the sum of missing and filled teeth. When the filled-to-remaining-teeth ratio (F/R ratio) was less than 8%, the bite force was significantly higher compared to an F/R ratio of 8-25%. Additionally, the amount of total bacteria was positively correlated with total bite force, and the quantity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) along with total bacteria was positively correlated with bite force in the molar region (∗P < 0.05). The molar region predominantly contributed to bite force. Conclusion Elevated levels of cariogenic bacteria may increase the risk of tooth loss, subsequently leading to reduced bite force. This reduction in bite force can further impact the efficiency of chewing function and, consequently, the quality of life. An F/R ratio above 8% could be easily calculated clinically and could serve as a guide to identify patients, particularly young adults, at risk of reduced bite force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ning Su
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hwa Pan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Odontuya Dorj
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dental Technology and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Jerry Chin-Yi Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eisner Salamanca
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Dental Department, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Sivakumar A, Narayanan R. Comparison of Salivary Flow Rate, pH, Buffering Capacity, and Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels between Children with Early Childhood Caries and Caries-free Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17:334-340. [PMID: 39144515 PMCID: PMC11320799 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic disease of childhood in many developing countries, which is associated with local, systemic, psychological, and social consequences. Multiple variables are shown to be associated with an increased risk of ECC. The knowledge regarding the role of saliva in the pathophysiological process of ECC still remains controversial and unexplored. Scanty studies focused on probing the role of salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in unstimulated whole saliva of children with ECC and children without ECC. Aim To assess the salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and sIgA levels in children with ECC and caries-free children and to evaluate their role in caries risk assessment.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out among 64 children aged between 24 and 71 months. Clinical examinations were carried out according to the criteria by the World Health Organization, and carious status was recorded. Subjects were categorized as group I with ECC (dmfs-Decayed, Missing or Filled Surfaces (Deciduous dentition) of ≥5), and group II included children without ECC (dmfs = 0). Unstimulated whole salivary samples were collected in a sterile vial and stored at -70°C by draining. Estimations of salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and sIgA levels were done. Digital pH meters were used for the estimation of pH and buffering capacity. A human IgA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to estimate sIgA levels. Statistical software IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics 20.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, United States of America) was used to analyze the data. Results The mean salivary flow rate decreased in group I children with ECC (0.15 ± 0.05) when compared to group II children without ECC (0.67 ± 0.14), which was statistically significant. In caries active children, no statistically significant correlation was found between salivary flow rate and the dmfs scores [r-value (-0.247)] and p-value (0.147). The mean level of salivary pH is decreased in group I children with ECC (4.65 ± 0.4) when compared to group II children without ECC (7.28 ± 0.18). In the caries active group, the levels of salivary pH decrease as the dmfs scores increase, and this correlation is found to be statistically significant (r-value of 0.547 and p-value of 0.002). The mean level of buffering capacity is decreased for caries-active children (5.45 ± 0.49) when compared to caries-free children (8.94 ± 0.42). In caries active children, as the dmfs scores increase, the salivary buffering capacity decreases, and this correlation is found to be not statistically significant (r-value of -0.334 and p-value of 0.161). The mean levels of sIgA in group I children with ECC were higher (10.61 ± 0.90) than that in group II children without ECC (6.11 ± 1.22). In the caries-active group, the salivary sIgA levels were comparatively higher than in the caries-free children. As the dmfs scores increase, the level of the sIgA increases in caries-active children, and this correlation is noted to be highly statistically significant (r-value of 0.769 and p-value 0.008). Conclusion Children with ECC showed decreased salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and increased sIgA levels, while children without ECC showed increased salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and decreased sIgA levels. The salivary parameters, such as salivary flow rate and buffering capacity, showed no correlation with the dmfs score, while salivary pH and sIgA levels have a positive correlation in caries-active children. How to cite this article Sivakumar A, Narayanan R. Comparison of Salivary Flow Rate, Ph, Buffering Capacity, and Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels between Children with Early Childhood Caries and Caries-free Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(3):334-340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sivakumar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Kollam, Kerala, India
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Faruque MRJ, Taidouch K, Bikker FJ, Ligtenberg AJM. Exploring the Correlation between Salivary Spinnbarkeit and Caries Scores. Caries Res 2024; 58:111-116. [PMID: 38246142 PMCID: PMC10997273 DOI: 10.1159/000536402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, the relationship between the spinnbarkeit, i.e., the stretchability of saliva, and dental caries was investigated. METHODS Dentistry students were divided into a group with more than 2 decayed, missed, and filled teeth (DMFT ≥2, n = 30) and caries-free group (DMFT = 0, n = 36). RESULTS Unstimulated saliva flow rate, pH, and spinnbarkeit were determined. Salivary spinnbarkeit was significantly lower in the caries-prone group compared to the caries-free group (5.4 ± 3.9 mm vs. 13.5 ± 7.6 mm, respectively, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This suggests that saliva with high spinnbarkeit protects better against dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouri R J Faruque
- Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kawtar Taidouch
- Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon J M Ligtenberg
- Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fernandes VA, B Mata D, Nadig B, Shagale AM, Divakar NR. Effect of Prebiotics Supplements on Salivary pH and Salivary Buffer Capacity in Children with Early Childhood Caries: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17:54-58. [PMID: 38559858 PMCID: PMC10978502 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the major pathogen involved in caries development during the first few years of life. Prebiotics represent a breakthrough approach to maintaining oral health by utilizing naturally beneficial bacteria against harmful bacteria. Aim To assess the effects of prebiotics supplements on salivary pH and salivary buffer capacity in children with early childhood caries (ECC). Materials and methods This study was performed on 23 samples, aged 3-6 years who received prebiotics supplements for 14 days, followed up to 3 and 6 months. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected to assess salivary pH and salivary buffer capacity using salivary check buffer kit. Statistical analysis used The data showed normal distribution; hence, parametric tests were applied. Repeated measures of analysis of variance were applied to compare the mean at the three different time intervals, followed by paired t-test for pairwise comparison. Results There was a highly significant difference on comparing the different parameters. Salivary pH was lowest at baseline with a mean value of 6.65 which increased at the 3-6-month follow-up to 7.00 and 7.33. Similarly, salivary buffer capacity which was 4.73 at baseline, increased at 3 months to 8.17, and at 6 months to 10.34. Conclusion It can be suggested that prebiotics supplements can be adopted as a novel approach in children with ECC as a form of preventive measure to facilitate a better lifestyle. Clinical significance These prebiotics when taken for a period of 2 weeks increased the salivary pH as well as salivary buffer capacity when the data was compared at different time intervals emphasizing its importance, especially in children with ECC. How to cite this article Fernandes VA, Mata DB, Nadig B, et al. Effect of Prebiotics Supplements on Salivary pH and Salivary Buffer Capacity in Children with Early Childhood Caries: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(1):54-58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Fernandes
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital (BDCH), Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak B Mata
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital (BDCH), Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Basappa Nadig
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital (BDCH), Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Amitha M Shagale
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital (BDCH), Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Niharika R Divakar
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College & Hospital (BDCH), Davanagere, Karnataka, India
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Ravikumar D, Ramani P, Gayathri R, Hemashree K, Prabhakaran P. Physical and chemical properties of saliva and its role in Early Childhood caries - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:527-538. [PMID: 37351419 PMCID: PMC10282172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early Childhood Caries is a chronic disease of childhood and salivary parameters are considered as one of the prime etiological factors of Early Childhood Caries. Aim To develop a systematic review based on the relation between physical and chemical properties of saliva and Early childhood caries by comparing children with and without Early childhood caries. Methods PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus, and additional manual search was done up to April 2021 to identify the original cross-sectional observational studies published in English. The risk of bias and quality of the included papers were assessed based on New castle Ottawa guidelines. Results From a total of 1709 identified studies, only 22 articles were included in this systematic review and 10 studies were qualified for meta-analysis. Eight studies were classified as ''moderate risk of bias'' and fourteen studies were classified as ''high risk of bias''. Conclusion There was a significant difference in physical and chemical properties of saliva in children with and without Early childhood caries. Since wide disparity were evident in available studies, further studies are needed to arrive to a definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanalakshmi Ravikumar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - R. Gayathri
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - K. Hemashree
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pranitha Prabhakaran
- Private Practice, Conservative Dentist and Endodontist, Civic Dental and Maxillofacial Clinic, Palakkad, India
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Jan BM, Khayat MA, Bushnag AI, Zahid AI, Alkarim AS, Alshehri MT, Almasoudi FM, Zahran M, Almazrooa SA, Mawardi HH. The Association Between Long-Term Corticosteroids Use and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44600. [PMID: 37667783 PMCID: PMC10475248 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroids (CSs) are a group of medications prescribed regularly to treat a wide range of inflammatory and immune-related conditions with great benefit. The impact of long-term use of CSs on the oral cavity has been reported before, including increased risk of periodontal disease and dental caries. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in patients using CSs. A literature review was completed using PubMed and Cochrane search engines. The search was based on questions related to adults and children (P); corticosteroids (I); no corticosteroids (C); and dental caries (O) (PICO questions) using the keywords "steroids" and "caries" with all relevant variations and MeSH terms. Decay missing filling tooth/decay missing filling surface (DMFT/DMFS) scores were selected as parameters to assess the effects of CSs on caries prevalence. Data was extracted and analyzed for comparisons. The search yielded 1,206 articles from January 2001 to January 2023, of which 21 papers were eligible for analysis. Overall, 14 studies reported an increase in caries with CSs use. However, seven studies failed to report an association of caries prevalence with CSs use. Current evidence supports the correlation between increased risk of caries with chronic CSs use, specifically for inhaler formulation. Future studies with randomized controlled clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil M Jan
- Orthodontics, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hani H Mawardi
- Oral Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Ramadoss R, Krishnan R, Raman S, Padmanaban R, Anbuelangovan N, Eswaramoorthy R. Salivary stimulatory effect of novel low level transcutaneous electro neurostimulator in geriatric patients with xerostomia. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:334. [PMID: 37246232 PMCID: PMC10226253 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xerostomia (dryness of the mouth) is one of the most common long-term consequences of ageing, and it causes a tremendous impact on the function and morphology of the salivary ductal system. As a consequence, it leads to a decrease in the amount of salivary output and also affects the overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine whether electrostimulation using a custom designed transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) device will help to improve the quality of secreted saliva following electrostimulation. METHODS One hundred thirty-five participants underwent the intervention for three months, twice daily (80 Hz). Pre-intervention and post-intervention unstimulated saliva were collected. Parameters such as salivary pH, cortisol level, salivary antioxidants, total protein, the viscosity of saliva, and microbial carriage were analysed. RESULTS Salivary pH, cortisol, microbial cultures, viscosity, and antioxidants showed a significant difference at the end of the 3rd month (p < 0.05). Irrespective of the patient's age, gender, and common underlying systemic illnesses (diabetes and hypertension), a significant change in the quality of the salivary analytes was observed. CONCLUSION The study emphasises the use of a custom designed TENS device in improving the quality of secreted saliva among old patients with oral dryness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ramadoss
- Department of Oral Biology, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India.
| | | | - Swarnalakshmi Raman
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rajashree Padmanaban
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography & Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomaterials, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMMAND), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University (ASTU), PO. 1888, Adama, Ethiopia.
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RM VR, Singh N, Murmu S, Abhishek, Raina S, Singh S. Salivary physicochemical characteristics and antimicrobial human peptide among Indian children with dental caries. Bioinformation 2023; 19:428-432. [PMID: 37822819 PMCID: PMC10563558 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary innate defenses encompass mechanical cleaning, calcium phosphate salts and fluoride ion reduction of enamel dissolution rate, buffering capacity and neutralizing capacity, and antibacterial properties employing antimicrobial substances like antimicrobial peptides,agglutins,lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme and immuno globulins. Antimicrobial peptides play a key role in the initial defensive responses that make up innate immunity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between salivary physicochemical characteristics like buffering capacity, pH, flow rate, and concentrations antimicrobial human peptide like HBD-3, HNP1-3 and LL-37 and caries activity in young children. Before to collecting the samples, informed permission papers were gathered and completed by the children's legal guardians or parents. There was significant correlation showing reduced caries activity on increased concentrations of HNP1-3. When there was analysis of correlation of CAS with LL-37 concentrations then the p value vas 0.002 showing the correlation was significant. There is significant relationship between salivary physicochemical characteristics like buffering capacity, pH, flow rate, and concentrations antimicrobial human peptide like HBD-3, HNP1-3 and LL-37 and caries activity in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatchala Rani RM
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Tutor, Department of Periodontology, Dental College, Rims, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Swati Murmu
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhishek
- Private Practioner, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Oro Care Facial Trauma Centre, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sakshi Raina
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Officer, Echs Polyclinic (Ministry of Defence) Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- Senior Resident, Department of Pedodontist, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Ling W, Wang Y, Lu B, Shang X, Wu Z, Chen Z, Li X, Zou C, Yan J, Zhou Y, Liu J, Li H, Que K, Huang X. Continuously Quantifying Oral Chemicals Based on Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Clinical Diagnosis and Pathogenetic Study. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9810129. [PMID: 36072268 PMCID: PMC9414179 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9810129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous monitoring of diverse salivary parameters can reveal underlying mechanisms of intraoral biological processes and offer profound insights into the evolution of oral diseases. However, conventional analytical devices with bulky volumes, rigid formats, and discrete sensing mechanisms deviate from the requirements of continuous biophysiological quantification, resulting in huge difficulty in precise clinical diagnosis and pathogenetic study. Here, we present a flexible hybrid electronic system integrated with functional nanomaterials to continuously sense Ca2+, pH, and temperature for wireless real-time oral health monitoring. The miniaturized system with an island-bridge structure that is designed specifically to fit the teeth is only 0.4 g in weight and 31.5×8.5×1.35 mm3 in dimension, allowing effective integration with customized dental braces and comfort attachment on teeth. Characterization results indicate high sensitivities of 30.3 and 60.6 mV/decade for Ca2+ and pH with low potential drifts. The system has been applied in clinical studies to conduct Ca2+ and pH mappings on carious teeth, biophysiological monitoring for up to 12 h, and outcome evaluation of dental restoration, providing quantitative data to assist in the diagnosis and understanding of oral diseases. Notably, caries risk assessment of 10 human subjects using the flexible system validates the important role of saliva buffering capacity in caries pathogenesis. The proposed flexible system may offer an open platform to carry diverse components to support both clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as fundamental research for oral diseases and induced systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bingyu Lu
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue Shang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziyue Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Zhaorun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chenchen Zou
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jinjie Yan
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yunjie Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kehua Que
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, 12 Observatory Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Center of Flexible Wearable Technology, Institute of Flexible Electronic Technology of Tsinghua, Jiaxing 314006, China
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Choudhary A, Bhat M, Choudhary H, Joshi V, Singh Walia S, Soni RK. Prevalence of Dental Caries With Salivary Assessment in Six to Twelve Years Old School-Going Children in Shahpura Tehsil, Jaipur. Cureus 2022; 14:e27802. [PMID: 36106238 PMCID: PMC9452051 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental caries is a chronic, infectious, and irreversible disease of the calcified tissues of teeth, which demineralises the inorganic portion and destroys the organic substance of the tooth, which often leads to cavitation. Epidemiological studies measuring the prevalence and severity of dental caries have used modified versions of Klein and colleagues’ decayed, missing, and filled (DMF) or Gruebbel’s decayed, extraction indicated, and filled (def) indexes; however, these indexes only capture cavitated lesions. Saliva plays a vital role in caries prevention; significant reduction or deterioration of salivary function can aggravate the development of dental caries. Saliva affects the incidence of dental caries in four ways: as a mechanical cleansing agent that results in less accumulation of plaque, by reducing enamel solubility using calcium, phosphate, and fluoride, by buffering and neutralising the acids produced by cariogenic organisms, or by introducing directly through diet and by antibacterial activity. The study aims to assess the prevalence of dental caries and salivary parameters such as salivary pH, flow, and buffering capacity in six to 12 years old children of a rural tehsil of Jaipur. Materials and methods The study was done on a population consisting of 400 school-going children in the age group of six to 12 years. Oral examination was undertaken by a single examiner, who is the study's principal investigator, to avoid inter-examiner variability. Testing of resting saliva was done for evaluation of visual inspection of the level of hydration, saliva consistency, pH measurement, saliva quantity, and buffering capacity. Statistical analysis The data were analysed using the chi-square test, t-test, and statistical software SPSS version 17.00 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). The chi-square test was used to compare and analyse qualitative data, whereas the unpaired t-test was used to analyse and compare quantitative data. Quantitative data were summarised as mean and standard deviation. A p-value of 0.001 or less was considered for standard significance. Results There was no significant difference in resting salivary flow rate between children with decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores less than 5 and DMFT scores of 5. The mean buffering capacity of stimulated saliva was found to be significantly more among children with DMFT scores less than 5 than children with DMFT scores of 5 or more. The mean pH of resting saliva was found to be significantly higher among children with DMFT scores less than 5 than children with DMFT scores of 5 or more. Conclusion The prevalence of caries based on age was maximum in mixed dentition and minimum in primary dentition. In contrast, the difference in severity based on age was maximum in permanent dentition. The prevalence of caries was higher in children whose parents were aware of dental health; the difference was more significant in children with primary and mixed dentition. This study showed that salivary parameters such as salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and salivary buffering capacity among school-going children correlated with the prevalence of caries.
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13
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Mandal N, Jha K, Sharma H, Vella V, Pendyala S, Khan M, Francis M. Role of salivary physicochemical and peptide levels in dental caries among children: An original research. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S292-S294. [PMID: 36110605 PMCID: PMC9469423 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_755_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dental caries is a common oral disease that still needs to be thoroughly evaluated for understanding the pathophysiology. Hence, in our study, we evaluate the physicochemical and the peptide properties of the saliva and their role in dental caries among children. Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational in vitro study among 100 subjects of age 5–15 years. Decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFT)/dmft was used to calculate the caries activity. The unstimulated saliva was evaluated for the peptides “LL-37, human neutrophil peptide (HNP) 1-3, and human beta-defensin-3” by ELIZA and for the “pH, buffer, and flow rate” of the saliva. The data thus obtained were analyzed to correlate caries and the salivary physiochemical and peptides using the “linear regression analysis.” P < 0.05 was deliberated as significant. Results: Although no statistically significant variation was seen between low and high caries risk groups and the salivary parameters in our study, we observed a negative correlation of the salivary peptides and caries. For the salivary peptide “HNP1-3,” there was a statistically significant variation. Conclusion: The salivary peptides may be carioprotective. However, further research has to be done to establish the mechanism of the action of these substances against caries.
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14
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Lovrić J, Vukajlović D, Ćulibrk B, Dimitrijević P, Rađan-Gajić M, Adamović T, Janković O, Bukara-Radujković G, Arlov G, Dolić O. The beneficial effect of yoghurt containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus on caries prevention in children with diabetes mellitus type 1. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-37538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background / Aim: Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus are thought to have an increased risk of caries. This study aimed to examine the short-term effect (sixty days long) of commercially available yoghurt consumption containing the Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic culture (LGG yoghurt) on the oral Streptococcus mutans count and saliva buffer capacity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Children were divided into two groups: the experimental group and the placebo group. Both groups consisted of 50 (N = 50) children with juvenile diabetes, aged 10-15 years, with controlled glucose levels and irregular oral hygiene. At the first examination, every child was evaluated for the caries risk. A sample of unstimulated saliva before yoghurt consumption and after washout of the teeth was inspected for S mutans count. The samples were tested for Saliva buffer capacity (Saliva-Check Buffer Testing Mat GC America). The same procedure was repeated after 14 days, 30 days and 60 days after the treatment with probiotic yoghurt. Results: The results showed decreased number of S mutans colonies at the 60day control examination in the probiotic group. The study also proved a significant increase in saliva buffer capacity in both groups after 60 days. Conclusion: It could be concluded that daily consumption of LGG yoghurt can improve caries prevention in children with diabetes mellitus type I.
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15
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Kaur R, Suma Sogi HP, Shahi P, Pathak S, Jain M, Sidhu T. Estimation of salivary proteins in early childhood caries before and after treatment using gel electrophoresis. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2021; 39:403-408. [PMID: 35102966 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_452_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva being an important biological fluid of our body contains both specific and nonspecific protective factors which form an integral part of our immune system. Salivary proteins play a substantial role in protecting humans against infection. Their level in oral cavity is subject to constant variations which is dependent on various factors. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to compare the levels of salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs), glycoproteins, amylase bands, and salivary pH in children with early childhood caries before and after treatment using gel electrophoresis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The whole salivary pH, mean protein concentrations, and electrophoretic profiles of the salivary proteins were measured using sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in both pre- and posttreatment groups. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0 software. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to further compare the results. RESULTS The results were statistically significant in all the groups. There was variation in pre- and posttreatment values seen. CONCLUSION Salivary proteins (glycoproteins, PRPs, and amylase) establish an imperative defense mechanism as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - H P Suma Sogi
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Prinka Shahi
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sidhant Pathak
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mansi Jain
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Tanvir Sidhu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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16
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Angarita-Díaz MP, Simon-Soro A, Forero D, Balcázar F, Sarmiento L, Romero E, Mira A. Evaluation of possible biomarkers for caries risk in children 6 to 12 years of age. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1956219. [PMID: 34434531 PMCID: PMC8381948 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1956219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Electrolytes, proteins, and other salivary molecules play an important role in tooth integrity and can serve as biomarkers associated with caries. Objective: To determine the concentration of potential biomarkers in children without caries (CF) and children with caries (CA). Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected, and the biomarkers quantified in duplicate, using commercial Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits to determine IgA, fibronectin, cathelicidin LL-37, and statherin levels, as well as colorimetric tests to detect formate and phosphate. Results: Significantly higher concentrations of statherin was detected in the CF group (Median: 94,734.6; IQR: 92,934.6-95,113.7) compared to the CA2 group (90,875.0; IQR: 83,580.2-94,633.4) (p = 0.03). Slightly higher median IgA (48,250.0; IQR: 31,461.9-67,418.8) and LL-37 levels (56.1; IQR 43.6-116.2) and a lower concentration of formate were detected in the CF group (0.02; IQR 0.0034-0.15) compared to the group with caries (IgA: 37,776.42; IQR: 33,383.9-44,128.5; LL-37: 46.3; IQR: 40.1011-67.7; formate: 0.10; IQR: 0.01-0.18), but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The fact that these compounds have been identified as good markers for caries among European adults highlights the difficulty of identifying universal biomarkers that are applicable to all ages or to different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Angarita-Díaz
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia, Villavicencio Campus, Colombia
| | - Aurea Simon-Soro
- Department of Health and Genomics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diana Forero
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia, Villavicencio Campus, Colombia
| | - Felipe Balcázar
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia, Villavicencio Campus, Colombia
| | - Luisa Sarmiento
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia, Villavicencio Campus, Colombia
| | - Erika Romero
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa De Colombia, Villavicencio Campus, Colombia
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research, Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
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17
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Ramezani J, Khaligh MR, Ansari G, Yazdani Y, Mohammadi S. Association of salivary physicochemical characteristics and peptide levels with dental caries in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2021; 39:189-195. [PMID: 34341240 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_251_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the association of physicochemical properties and antimicrobial peptide levels of saliva with caries activity in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS The required volume of unstimulated saliva was collected from 41 children aged 3-12 years with no systemic diseases. Caries activity was calculated using DMFS and dmfs records for each participating child. Collected saliva samples were then examined for their flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity. The concentration of three peptides was assessed including LL-37, human neutrophil peptide (HNP) 1-3, and human beta-defensin (HBD)-3 through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between caries activity score (CAS) and salivary variables was looked using the linear regression and Spearman's correlation method. The comparison of CAS means between high- and low-value groups of salivary items was performed using independent sample t-test while the association of CAS and salivary parameters in categorical scale was tested by Chi-square test. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between the CAS means at low and high categories of each salivary physicochemical parameter and those of antimicrobial peptides. There was a negative correlation between HNP1-3 and CAS and also between HBD-3 and CAS, but these results were not statistically meaningful. High HNP1-3 concentration was noted in 67% of the low caries rate group and 29% of the high caries rate group, with a statistically significant difference between the low and high caries rate groups (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION Salivary inherent factors are not dominant determinants in caries activity. The current results may suggest that α-defensins (HNP1-3) have a protective role against dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh Ramezani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Dental Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Rezaei Khaligh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences; Dental Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ghassem Ansari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Yazdani
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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18
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Salivary Characteristics, Individual Casual Parameters, and Their Relationships with the Significant Caries Index among Korean Children Aged 12 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063118. [PMID: 33803534 PMCID: PMC8003087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the salivary characteristics and individual daily living patterns in Korean children aged 12 years and evaluate their relationships according to the significant caries (SiC) index. The study sample consisted of 52 healthy Korean children. The subjects were allocated into a low caries-affected (low CA) group and a high caries-affected (high CA) group, according to the SiC index. Children underwent a standardized oral examination, and parents completed the questionnaires. Stimulated salivary samples were collected to evaluate the salivary pH, salivary flow rate, and salivary levels of Mutans streptococci (MS) and Lactobacilli (LB). The low CA group did not significantly differ from the high CA group for salivary flow rate and salivary pH. However, there were significant differences in salivary MS levels between the two groups (p < 0.05). Among the individual casual parameters, the prevalence of a sugar-associated primary energy source between meals was significantly higher in the high CA group than in the low CA group (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, different levels of salivary MS and the consumption of different foods were observed in the low CA and high CA groups. The implications of these findings should be considered for caries susceptibility.
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19
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Syafriza D, Sutadi H, Primasari A, Siregar Y. Spectrophotometric Analysis of Streptococcus mutans Growth and Biofilm Formation in Saliva and Histatin-5 Relate to pH and Viscosity. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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20
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Orlowska MK, Guan B, Sedev R, Morikawa Y, Suu K, Priest C. Evaporation-Driven Flow in Micropillar Arrays: Transport Dynamics and Chemical Analysis under Varied Sample and Ambient Conditions. Anal Chem 2020; 92:16043-16050. [PMID: 33269908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic flow in lab-on-a-chip devices is typically very sensitive to the variable physical properties of complex samples, e.g., biological fluids. Here, evaporation-driven fluid transport (transpiration) is achieved in a configuration that is insensitive to interfacial tension, salinity, and viscosity over a wide range. Micropillar arrays ("pillar cuvettes") were preloaded by wicking a known volatile fluid (water) and then adding a microliter sample of salt, surfactant, sugar, or saliva solution to the loading zone. As the preloaded fluid evaporates, the sample is reliably drawn from a reservoir through the pillar array at a rate defined by the evaporation of the preloaded fluid (typically nL/s). Including a reagent in the preloaded fluid allows photometric reactions to take place at the boundary between the two fluids. In this configuration, a photometric signal enhancement is observed and chemical analysis is independent of both humidity and temperature. The ability to reliably transport and sense an analyte in microliter volumes without concern over salt, surfactant, viscosity (in part), humidity, and temperature is a remarkable advantage for analytical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta K Orlowska
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Bin Guan
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Rossen Sedev
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | | | - Koukou Suu
- ULVAC Inc., 2500 Chigasaki, Hagisono, Kanagawa 253-8543, Japan
| | - Craig Priest
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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21
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Batra P, Dawar A, Miglani S. Microneedles and Nanopatches-Based Delivery Devices in Dentistry. Discoveries (Craiova) 2020; 8:e116. [PMID: 33094150 PMCID: PMC7561465 DOI: 10.15190/d.2020.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Needle-based devices are evolving as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the field of medicine. They can be used for drug delivery, as well as extraction of fluids, for systemic and local effects. The conventional methods of drug delivery require repeated dosing in the oral cavity due to the presence of saliva. Hence delivery systems, such as needle-based devices that could provide sustained release of the drug in the oral cavity, are required. These devices could also be a useful adjunct in diagnosis and therapy of oral cancers, delivering anti-cariogenic and antiplaque agents, for remote monitoring of oral health, and for administering painless and fearless local anesthesia. Since they offer many advantages, such as increased compliance, absence of needle phobia, they are painless, safe, self-applicable and are minimally invasive, they will have a major impact in the field of dentistry. This paper summarizes the various types of needle-based devices and their manufacturing technologies. The manuscript aims to serve as a foundational review that highlights and proposes several current and prospective impactful applications of these devices in various fields of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Batra
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Anika Dawar
- Division of Periodontics, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Miglani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
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22
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Shimomura-Kuroki J, Nashida T, Miyagawa Y, Morita T, Hayashi-Sakai S. Analysis of salivary factors related to the oral health status in children. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:226-230. [PMID: 32224574 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of oral disease is important to reduce its severity and increase the likelihood of successful treatment. This study aimed to perform a quantitative assessment of the saliva components as a first stage of the research to screen oral homeostasis. Here, saliva secretions collected from children were evaluated, and their constituents were analyzed to investigate the potential correlations between the buffering capacity and a range of salivary factors. Subjects aged 3-16 years in the primary, mixed, or permanent dentition stage, were selected for this study. The following salivary factors were analyzed: flow rate, total protein, total sugar quantifications, and constituent analyses using RT-PCR and western blotting. The associations between each factor and the buffering capacity were then analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Flow rate, BPIFA2 RNA level, histatin 1 and BPIFB1 protein levels as well as female sex were positively associated with buffering capacity. In contrast, total sugar concentration and MUC7 RNA levels showed a negative relationship with the buffering capacity. Some of these constituents may indicate oral homeostasis and are therefore potential biomarkers of oral health status. These results suggest that the analyses of the correlations between oral homeostasis and salivary factors are an effective strategy for identifying the susceptibility to oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Shimomura-Kuroki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Tomoko Nashida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Yukio Miyagawa
- The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Takao Morita
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Sachiko Hayashi-Sakai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral Health Science, Course for Oral Life Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
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23
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de Sousa ET, Lima-Holanda AT, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. Changes in the salivary electrolytic dynamic after sucrose exposure in children with Early Childhood Caries. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4146. [PMID: 32139791 PMCID: PMC7057989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to explore if the effect of 20% sucrose rinse (SR) on the salivary electrolytic concentration of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (Pi) and fluoride (F-) in children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is different from healthy children. Here, fifty-eight preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years were divided into 2 groups: caries-free (CF) and with ECC. Changes in saliva flow rate, pH and buffering capacity (BC), as well as in concentrations of Ca2+, Pi, and F-, and the degree of saturation in relation to hydroxyapatite (DSS HAp) and fluorapatite (DSS FAp) were evaluated. The pre-rinse [Ca2+] was higher in the ECC group in the CF group. A significant increase in [Ca2+] was demonstrated after SR in the CF group (p = 0.05). The [Pi] was reduced by 18% after SR in the ECC group (p = 0.007). The [F-] reduced in both groups after SR (p < 0.000). There was a moderate positive correlation between [Ca2+] and the DSS HAp and DSS FAp. Multivariate analysis showed that children with a higher [Ca2+] in pre-rinse saliva are more likely to have ECC. In conclusion, the effect of a 20% sucrose rinse on the electrolytic concentration of Ca2+, Pi and F- was different when children with ECC were compared with CF children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Aline Tavares Lima-Holanda
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13414-903, Brazil.
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Al-Mahmood S, Al-Kaisy AZ, Mahmood MA, Aldhaher ZA, Sabri A. The Prevalence of Streptococcus Mutans with Different ABO Blood Groups Among Healthy College Students. Open Dent J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:This study was conducted to determine the correlation between the occurrence ofStreptococcus mutans(S. mutans) which is considered as the main pathogen responsible for the initiation and development of dental caries with blood groups and Rhesus (Rh) factor that are considered as a genetic predictor of having dental caries among healthy students.Methods:Saliva and blood samples were taken from 40 healthy students whose ages were between 19-23 years old in the College of Dentistry/Al-Iraqia University in Baghdad, Iraq. Estimation of the flow rate and pH was done for all the collected saliva samples within 5 min of saliva collection. Then, 100 µL of saliva was cultured on Mitis salivarius bacitracin agar (MSBA) at 37 °C for 48 h. The colonies ofS. mutanswere identified by their morphology and biochemical tests. Later, 1 to 2 drops of blood were taken from each student’s thumb to determine the blood group.Results:This study showed there was a greater prevalence ofS. mutansamong students of blood group A in contrast to the blood group O. In addition, Rh+ groups were dominant than Rh- groups among the study samples.Conclusion:S. mutanslevels were higher in the blood group A followed by AB, B, O blood groups among the college students studied.
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Schulz A, Lang R, Behr J, Hertel S, Reich M, Kümmerer K, Hannig M, Hannig C, Hofmann T. Targeted metabolomics of pellicle and saliva in children with different caries activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:697. [PMID: 31959821 PMCID: PMC6971297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pellicle is the initial proteinaceous layer that is formed almost instantaneously on all solid surfaces in the oral cavity. It is of essential relevance for any interactions and metabolism on the tooth surface. Up to now, there is no information on the metabolome of this structure. Accordingly, the present study aims to characterise the metabolomic profile of in-situ pellicle in children with different caries activity for the first time in comparison to saliva. Small molecules such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids, putatively involved in the formation of caries were quantified using mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques, such as (stable isotope dilution analysis)-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem MS and gas chromatography/electron ionisation-MS. Pellicle and corresponding saliva samples were collected from caries-active, caries-free and caries-rehabilitated 4- to 6-year-old children. The most abundant analytes in pellicle were acetic acid (1.2-10.5 nmol/cm2), propionic acid (0.1-8.5 nmol/cm2), glycine (0.7-3.5 nmol/cm2), serine (0.08-2.3 nmol/cm2), galactose (galactose + mannose; 0.035-0.078 nmol/cm2), lactose (0.002-0.086 nmol/cm2), glucose (0.018-0.953 nmol/cm2), palmitic acid (0.26-2.03 nmol/cm2), and stearic acid (0.34-1.81 nmol/cm2). Significant differences depending on caries activity were detected neither in saliva nor in the corresponding pellicle samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Schulz
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Susann Hertel
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Reich
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1 C13, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1 C13, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Saarland University, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, D-66421, Homburg/Saar, Kirrberger Straße, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
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Fernando S, Tadakamadla SK, Bakr M, Scuffham PA, Johnson NW. Indicators of Risk for Dental Caries in Children: A Holistic Approach. JDR Clin Trans Res 2019; 4:333-341. [PMID: 31039050 DOI: 10.1177/2380084419834236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries in children is a major public health problem worldwide, with a multitude of determinants acting upon children to different degrees in different communities. The objective of this study was to determine maternal, environmental, and intraoral indicators of dental caries experience in a sample of 6- to 7-y-old children in South East Queensland, Australia. METHODS A total of 174 mother-child dyads were recruited for this cross-sectional study from the Griffith University Environments for Healthy Living birth cohort study. Maternal education, employment status, and prepregnancy body mass index were maternal indicators, and annual household income was taken as a proxy for environmental indicators. These were collected as baseline data of the study. Clinical data on children's dental caries experience, saliva characteristics of buffering capacity, stimulated flow rate, and colony-forming units per milliliter of salivary mutans streptococci were collected for the oral health substudy. Univariate analysis was performed with 1-way analysis of variance and chi-square tests. Caries experience was the outcome, which was classified into 4 categories based on the number of carious tooth surfaces. Ordinal logistic regression was used to explore the association of risk indicators with caries experience. RESULTS Age (P = 0.021), low salivary buffering capacity (P = 0.001), reduced levels of salivary flow rate (P = 0.011), past caries experience (P = 0.001), low annual household income; <$30,000 (P = 0.050) and <$60,000 (P = 0.033) and maternal employment status (P = 0.043) were associated with high levels of dental caries. CONCLUSION These data support the evidence of associations between maternal, environmental, and children's intraoral characteristics and caries experience among children in a typical Western industrialized country. All of these need to be considered in preventative strategies within families and communities. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study can be used by clinicians, epidemiologists, and policy makers to identify children who are at risk of developing dental caries. With consideration of costs for treatment for the disease, this information could be used to plan cost-effective and patient-centered preventive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernando
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.,School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - S K Tadakamadla
- School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Bakr
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.,School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - P A Scuffham
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - N W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.,School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.,Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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Sialometry and concentration of phosphate and calcium in stimulated whole saliva and gingival crevicular fluid and its association with dental caries in schoolchildren. BIOMEDICA 2019; 39:157-169. [PMID: 31021555 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v39i1.4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The remineralizing properties of saliva contribute to maintain the physical and chemical integrity of the mineral structure of teeth, which protects it from the installation and evolution of dental caries.
Objective: To relate sialometry, buffering capacity, calcium and phosphate concentration in whole stimulated saliva, and in gingival crevicular fluid with school children caries severity and activity.
Materials and methods: We selected 36 schoolchildren aged 6 years: 18 with caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System, ICDAS>1 group) and 18 without caries (ICDAS=0 group). The severity and activity of dental caries were diagnosed in the primary dentition: in the occlusal surface of molars and in the vestibular of the anterior teeth by ICDAS-II.
Results: Caries in occlusal surface were more severe than in vestibular surface. The concentration of calcium in saliva and phosphate in healthy teeth gingival crevicular fluid were higher in the ICDAS>1 group. The concentration of calcium in gingival crevicular fluid was higher in the ICDAS=0 group than in the decayed teeth of the ICDAS>1 group. We found a statistically significant association between the frequency of active caries andthe concentration of phosphate in gingival crevicular fluid of teeth with caries, as well as between the severity of caries with buffering capacity and the concentration of phosphate in the gingival crevicular fluid of teeth with caries.
Conclusion: We found an association between dental caries with buffering capacity and buccal calcium and phosphate.
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Hanson C, Barney JT, Bishop MM, Vargis E. Simultaneous isolation and label‐free identification of bacteria using contactless dielectrophoresis and Raman spectroscopy. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1446-1456. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hanson
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
| | - Jacob T. Barney
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
| | - Morgan M. Bishop
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
| | - Elizabeth Vargis
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
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Salivary Flow Rate, pH, Buffering Capacity, Total Protein, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacity in Children with and without Dental Caries. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 42:445-449. [PMID: 30085875 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-42.6.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure and compare the levels of salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) between caries active and caries free children and to study the correlation between the DMFS/dfs score and above salivary parameters in caries active children. STUDY DESIGN 50 caries active (DMFS/dfs ≥ 5) and 50 caries free (DMFS/dfs = 0) children aged between 6 to 12 years were included in the study. From all the children, unstimulated, mid-morning saliva samples were collected and salivary flow rate was calculated. Salivary pH, buffering capacity, total protein, MDA and TAC were measured. RESULTS The mean levels of salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and total protein, MDA and TAC were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in caries active children when compared to caries free controls. There was a proportionate decrease (p < 0.05) in salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity and proportionate increase (p > 0.05) in salivary total protein, MDA and TAC as DMFS/dfs score increased in caries active children. CONCLUSIONS Significant alteration in the levels of salivary flow rate, pH, total proteins, MDA and TAC and their correlation with DMFS/dfs score in caries active children suggest, the levels of these physico-chemical properties of saliva can act as strong indicators of caries status in children.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORAL FLUID PH, DENTAL CARIES AND ENAMEL RESISTANCE IN CHILDREN. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2019-1-67-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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The Influence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on Dental Caries and Salivary Composition. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:5780916. [PMID: 30369949 PMCID: PMC6189668 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5780916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic disease that affects the oral health. The aim of the study is to evaluate the dental caries, salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, and Lactobacilli in saliva in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus compared to the control group. Methods. The sample consisted of 160 children of 10 to 15 years divided into two groups: 80 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 80 children as a control group. Dental caries was assessed using the DMFT index for permanent dentition. Stimulated saliva was collected among all children. Salivary flow rate and buffer capacity were measured, and the colonies of Lactobacillus in saliva were determined. The observed children have answered a number of questions related to their dental visits and parents' education. The data obtained from each group were compared statistically using the chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U-test. The significant level was set at p < 0.05. Results. DMFT in children with type 1 diabetes was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Diabetic children have a low level of stimulated salivary flow rate compared to control children (0.86 ± 0.16 and 1.10 ± 0.14). The buffer capacity showed statistically significant differences between children with type 1 diabetes and control group (p < 0.001). Also, children with type 1 diabetes had a higher count and a higher risk of Lactobacillus compared to the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001). Conclusion. The findings we obtained showed that type 1 diabetes mellitus has an important part in children's oral health. It appears that children with type 1 diabetes are exposed to a higher risk for caries and oral health than nondiabetic children.
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Olczak-Kowalczyk D, Korporowicz E, Gozdowski D, Lecka-Ambroziak A, Szalecki M. Oral findings in children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1331-1339. [PMID: 30006686 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the significance of changes in the saliva in the etiology of gingivitis and tooth wear in children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 80 (2.8-18 years old; 39 girls and 41 boys): 40 in PWS group (mean age 8.0 ± 4.24 years) and 40 in control group (mean age 7.9 ± 4.12 years). General condition, oral para-functional habits, tooth wear (modified TWI), oral hygiene and gingival status (Plaque Index (PLI) and Gingival Index (GI)), localization of gingivitis, and salivary characteristics were assessed. The chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation, and odds ratio based on logistic regression in a statistical analysis were applied. RESULTS Chances of gingivitis were increased by low PLI (odds ratio (OR) = 32.53), low resting salivary flow (OR = 3.96), increased viscosity of saliva (OR = 3.54), and mouth breathing (OR = 8.17). For gingivitis in anterior regions, low PLI (OR = 107.67), low resting (OR = 5.73) and stimulated (OR = 1.86) salivary flow, increased viscosity of saliva (OR = 5.87), mouth breathing (OR = 10.00), and low stimulated salivary flow (OR = 3.18) were observed. Tooth wear rates were increased by teeth grinding (OR = 16.20), mouth breathing (OR = 4.33), increased viscosity of saliva (OR = 11.67) and low resting (OR = 6.07), and stimulated (OR = 4.22) salivary flow. CONCLUSIONS In PWS, reduced salivary secretion, increased viscosity, of saliva and mouth breathing increase the risk of plaque-induced gingivitis and tooth wear. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prevention and treatment of tooth wear and gingivitis in PWS patients is necessary not only to treat bruxism and mouth breathing but also to limit the influence of negative changes of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Emil Korporowicz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Miodowa 18, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Gozdowski
- Department of Experimental Statistics and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lecka-Ambroziak
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Szalecki
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UJK, Kielce, Poland
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Upadhyay S, Kumar G, Dhillon JK, Gill NC. Perception of Indian Dental Surgeons regarding Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:116-121. [PMID: 29991864 PMCID: PMC6034059 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine the perception of Indian dental professionals about prevalence, severity, and etiological factors of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Materials and methods An online survey was mailed to dental professionals encompassing various questions regarding etiology, diagnosis, prevalence, and management of MIH. Results More than 90% of the respondents encounter teeth with hypomineralization in their practice, with less than half of them encountering such teeth on a monthly basis. Among these more than one-third find it difficult to manage one or the other aspect of MIH. The etiology was found to be varying as per the respondents. Conclusion Molar incisor hypomineralization is a common condition encountered by dental professionals with no apparent consensus regarding the anticipated prevalence, severity, and etiology of this condition. Knowledge of clinicians' level of perception could be an incentive for pediatric dentists to become more acquainted with MIH by conducting research into its different aspects.How to cite this article: Upadhyay S, Kumar G, Dhillon JK, Gill NC. Perception of Indian Dental Surgeons regarding Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):116-121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Upadhyay
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Gyanendra Kumar
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jatinder K Dhillon
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata C Gill
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Pereira IF, Brasileiro CB, Kleperon NP, Abreu MHNGD, Silva TAD, Mesquita RA, Amaral TMP. Comparative study of oral and salivary parameters in patients with and without loss of bone mass. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e54. [PMID: 29898022 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an insidious and increasingly prevalent disease that can cause fractures and affect patients' quality of life. The current study comparatively evaluates patients with and without loss of bone mass in terms of salivary calcium, viscosity, and pH. A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups of 32 postmenopausal women subjected to a bone densitometry scan and later referred for dental management at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The patients were assigned to two groups: Group 1 - patients with low bone mineral density (BMD) and Group 2 - patients without bone mineral changes. The following salivary parameters were evaluated: calcium concentration, flow rate, viscosity, pH, and average total protein. An oral examination was performed for assessment of DMFT variables and tongue coating. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting a p-value < 0.05. The patients' mean age was 60 years (± 7.35). Salivary flow, pH, and viscosity were similar among the groups. Average total protein was 14.8 mg/mL and 19.0 mg/mL in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Tongue coating and salivary calcium levels were significantly higher in Group 1 (p < 0.001). Salivary calcium is an important screening tool and may eventually be used for the diagnosis of bone mineral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Figueiredo Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Pathology and Surgery, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Borges Brasileiro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Pathology and Surgery, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Núbia Priscilla Kleperon
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Tarcília Aparecida da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Pathology and Surgery, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Pathology and Surgery, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tania Mara Pimenta Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Pathology and Surgery, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Kaul R, Angrish P, Jain P, Saha S, V Sengupta A, Mukherjee S. A Survey on the Use of Antibiotics among the Dentists of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:122-127. [PMID: 29991865 PMCID: PMC6034055 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental infections are multimicrobial in origin with their etiological factors involving a combination of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, facultative anaerobes, and obligate anaerobic bacteria. Thus, antibiotics and analgesics account for a great majority of medicines prescribed by the dental surgeons. Inappropriate prescription of antibiotics by health care professionals has become a worldwide issue nowadays. Aim The purpose of the present study was to: • Determine the pattern of antibiotic prescription among dentists of Kolkata. • Assess the attitude of dentists toward antibiotic resistance. Materials and methods An electronic version of the questionnaire of cross-sectional survey regarding antibiotic use and attitude toward growing antibiotic resistance was constructed using Qualtrics (Qualtrics Pvt. Limited Provo, Utah), an internet online survey tool that was e-mailed to dental surgeons of Kolkata registered with Indian Dental Association (IDA), West Bengal. A reminder e-mail was given after 1 month to recollect the responses from them. Results The survey was e-mailed to 300 dental surgeons, out of which 115 dental surgeons completed the survey, thereby achieving a response rate of 38.33%. Majority of the respondents (60%) chose amoxicillin in nonallergic patients. Average minimum duration of antibiotic therapy was 5 days. The drug of first choice for patients with an allergy to penicillin was erythromycin. The prime determinant of antibiotic use was facial swelling (68%). The prime determinant to select a particular brand of antibiotics was affordability of that brand (61%). Almost all (99%) dental surgeons were aware of antibiotic resistance being a growing concern. As per their views, there was overprescription of antibiotics. How to cite this article: Kaul R, Angrish P, Jain P, Saha S, Sengupta AV, Mukherjee S. A Survey on the Use of Antibiotics among the Dentists of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):122-127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kaul
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Paras Angrish
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Parul Jain
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Saha
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashok V Sengupta
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shantanu Mukherjee
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Garg A, Madan M, Dua P, Saini S, Mangla R, Singhal P, Dupper A. Validating the Usage of Cariogram in 5- and 12-year-old School-going Children in Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India: A 12-month Prospective Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018; 11:110-115. [PMID: 29991863 PMCID: PMC6034047 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To validate the caries risk profiles in 5- and 12-year-old school-going children and to single out main contributing factor, if any, using cariogram over a period of 1 year. Materials and methods A cariogram model was used to create caries risk profiles on 499 children aged 5 and 12 years ±6 months. They were divided into 2 groups. The group I and group II consisted of 250 and 249 children respectively. Re-examination was done after 1 year and caries increment was recorded. The caries risk profiles generated by the cariogram software were compared with caries increment. Results Percentage of subject having caries increment in groups I and II in high-, medium-, and low-risk group after 1 year was 66.2, 39.5, and 13%, and 48.5, 27.3, and 13.9% respectively. The mean caries increment after 1 year in groups I and II in high-, medium-, and low-risk patients was 0.96, 0.49, and 0.13, and 0.7, 0.36, and 0.11 respectively. Linear regression analysis showed dental caries, diet content, diet frequency, plaque index, Streptococcus mutans count, fluoride, salivary flow rate, and buffer capacity are significantly associated with actual chance to avoid caries. Conclusion The risk of developing new carious lesions consistently reduced from high-risk category to low-risk category, reflecting the cariogram ability in accurately estimating future caries. Hence, cariogram can be said to be a useful tool for caries prediction. Initial dental caries came out to be the strongest predictor of future caries. How to cite this article: Garg A, Madan M, Dua P, Saini S, Mangla R, Singhal P, Dupper A. Validating the Usage of Car-iogram in 5- and 12-year-old School-going Children in Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India: A 12-month Prospective Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):110-115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Garg
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Madan
- Professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Parminder Dua
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sheeba Saini
- Redear, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Mangla
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pallav Singhal
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Sarjug Dental College & Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Akash Dupper
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Yamuna Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Yamunanagar Haryana, India
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Hosseini-Yekani A, Nadjarzadeh A, Vossoughi M, Reza JZ, Golkari A. Relationship between Physicochemical Properties of Saliva and Dental Caries and Periodontal Status among Female Teachers Living in Central Iran. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:48-55. [PMID: 29629329 PMCID: PMC5853042 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_391_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: There are inconsistent data about the association between saliva properties, dental caries, and periodontal status. In this study, we tried to examine the association between dental caries and periodontal status with salivary viscosity, flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity in adults. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 450 female teachers were randomly selected from schools located in Yazd, Iran. Oral examinations were conducted, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Salivary viscosity, flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity were assessed. The salivary physicochemical properties were compared among teachers with different types of oral health. Analyses were done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Results: In total, 431 female teachers aged 40.45 ± 8.18 years were included in the study. Salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, pH, and viscosity, community periodontal index status were not significantly different in participants with and without tooth caries. There was a reverse linear association between salivary pH and flow rate with the decayed, missed, and filled teeth index (P < 0.05). The saliva buffering capacity was not significantly related to dental properties. Those with bleeding on probing had lower salivary pH, and buffering capacity compared to those with healthy gum. However, the salivary resting flow rate was not different in participants with bleeding on probing and healthy participants. Conclusion: Based on our results, saliva properties might be important predictors in oral health status. This means that any change in saliva combination might affect periodontal and dental diseases. Future prospective studies are recommended to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Hosseini-Yekani
- Department of Dental Public Health, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Vossoughi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Zavvar Reza
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Golkari
- Department of Dental Public Health, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Prester L, Protrka N, Macan J, Katunarić M. Salivary sCD14 as a potential biomarker of dental caries activity in adults. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:315-321. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
CD14 is a co-receptor involved in the recognition of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, the latter known to cause dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine whether soluble CD14 (sCD14) in saliva was associated with caries activity and the collection method from the saliva. The study included 55 participants aged 20 to 40 years, 30 with dental caries and 25 caries-free controls. We collected 110 saliva samples in total, 55 of resting saliva and 55 of mechanically stimulated saliva. Median levels of sCD14, measured with a matrix-matched enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were higher in the caries-active than in the caries-free group in either resting (203.3 vs.167.9 ng mL-1; P<0.01) or stimulated saliva (201 vs.105.7 ng mL-1; P<0.01). The resting salivary flow rate was lower in the caries-active than caries-free group (0.61±0.42 vs. 0.98±0.52 mL min-1; P<0.01). Hyposalivation was observed only in the caries-active group (10 and 13 % in stimulated and resting saliva, respectively). Higher salivary sCD14 levels and secretion rates were clearly associated with dental caries and resting saliva. Future studies should focus on the clinical utility of salivary sCD14 as a potential biomarker and predictor of future caries events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljerka Prester
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb , Croatia
| | | | - Jelena Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb , Croatia
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Zabokova Bilbilova E, Sotirovska Ivkovska A, Sarakinova O, Kokoceva Ivanovska O, Stavreva N. Correlation between pH, buffering capacity, calcium and dental caries in schoolchildren. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2018. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2017.63.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine salivary pH, buffering capacity and calcium levels in caries-free and caries-active children.
We examined 80 children of both genders, 15 years of age. Subjects were divided into four groups as follows: caries-free females, caries-active females, caries-free males, caries-active males; each group consisted of 20 subjects. The unstimulated saliva sample was collected by the spitting method and then pH, buffering capacity and calcium in saliva was measured.
The results showed that mean level of buffering capacity of saliva was decreased significantly in the caries-active group as compared to caries-free group. The obtained data showed that the mean levels of pH and calcium were decreased in the caries-active group as compared to the caries-free group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
The saliva with its constituents plays an important role in maintaining oral and especially dental health. Salivary pH values were found to be higher in the caries-free group. In our study, there was no significant correlation of pH values and caries activity with gender. Buffer capacity values were significantly lower in the caries-active group than in the caries-free group. There were significant differences when the groups were compared in the caries-active group where buffer capacity values were higher in boys than in girls.
Calcium content of saliva was higher in the caries-free group.
The results obtained in this study related to the values of the pH, buffering capacity and calcium in saliva, may serve as parameters for determining the caries risk patients, and accordingly to plan and carry appropriate caries preventive measures.
Keywords: saliva, dental caries, pH, buffer capacity, calcium
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Affiliation(s)
- Efka Zabokova Bilbilova
- Clinic of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 43, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ana Sotirovska Ivkovska
- Clinic of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 43, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Olivera Sarakinova
- Faculty of Dentistry, European University, Mito Hadzivasilev Jasmin, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Olga Kokoceva Ivanovska
- Clinic of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 43, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Natasha Stavreva
- Clinic of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 43, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Amaral COFD, Straioto FG, Napimoga MH, Martinez EF. Caries experience and salivary aspects in individuals with fragile X syndrome. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e79. [PMID: 29019551 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of hereditary mental retardation, but studies on the oral health condition of these patients are rare. The aim of this study was to determine the experience of dental caries in individuals with FXS, by examining the saliva profile, oral hygiene, socioeconomic characteristics and use of controlled drugs in these patients. Dental health was estimated using the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMF-T) and sialometry, and the pH value and buffering capacity of the saliva, colony forming units of S. mutans (CFU/mL), visible biofilm index, and socioeconomic status were all examined. The sample, comprising 23 individuals, had an average age of 17.3 ± 5.6 years, a DMF-T index of 5.5, a diminished salivary flow (78.3%), and a low (73.9%) saliva buffering capacity. Most (52.2%) individuals presented with a high abundance (CFU/mL) of S. mutans. The experience of caries was correlated with salivary parameters, poor oral hygiene, lower socioeconomic status and an increased count of S. mutans in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiana Gouveia Straioto
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista - UNOESTE, Department of Special Care Dentistry, Dental School, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Picco DDCR, Lopes LM, Rocha Marques M, Line SRP, Parisotto TM, Nobre Dos Santos M. Children with a Higher Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase VI in Saliva Are More Likely to Develop Dental Caries. Caries Res 2017. [PMID: 28633135 DOI: 10.1159/000470849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the concentration and activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) VI in the saliva of school children. We investigated the relationship among caries, CA VI concentration/activity, flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-four school children were divided into a caries-free group and a caries group. Clinical examinations were conducted by one examiner according to World Health Organization criteria + early caries lesions. Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity were analyzed. Salivary CA VI concentration and activity were evaluated by ELISA and zymography, respectively. The data were analyzed using Student's t test and the Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were also done. In multivariate modeling, associations between variables were expressed as odds ratios. RESULTS The results showed that salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and BC were significantly higher in the saliva of caries-free children. Also, the salivary CA VI concentration was significantly higher in the saliva of caries-free children. The salivary CA VI activity was higher in children with caries. We found a negative correlation between BC and dental caries. Also, in the caries group we found a positive correlation between the concentration and the activity of CA VI and a negative correlation between BC and CA VI activity. A negative correlation between salivary pH and CA VI concentration was observed in the caries-free group. A high activity of CA and a low salivary flow rate were associated with dental caries. CONCLUSION These results support the conclusion that dental caries is highly affected by the activity of CA VI in saliva as well as by the salivary flow rate.
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Is GERD a Factor in Osteonecrosis of the Jaw? Evidence of Pathology Linked to G6PD Deficiency and Sulfomucins. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:8376979. [PMID: 27773962 PMCID: PMC5059643 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8376979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), a rare side effect of bisphosphonate therapy, is a debilitating disorder with a poorly understood etiology. FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) provides the opportunity to investigate this disease. Our goals were to analyze FAERS data to discover possible relationships between ONJ and specific conditions and drugs and then to consult the scientific literature to deduce biological explanations. Our methodology revealed a very strong association between gastroesophageal reflux and bisphosphonate-induced ONJ, suggesting acidosis as a key factor. Overgrowth of acidophilic species, particularly Streptococcus mutans, in the oral microbiome in the context of insufficient acid buffering due to impaired salivary glands maintains the low pH that sustains damage to the mucosa. Significant associations between ONJ and adrenal insufficiency, vitamin C deficiency, and Sjögren's syndrome were found. Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency can explain much of the pathology. An inability to maintain vitamin C and other antioxidants in the reduced form leads to vascular oxidative damage and impaired adrenal function. Thus, pathogen-induced acidosis, hypoxia, and insufficient antioxidant defenses together induce ONJ. G6PD deficiency and adrenal insufficiency are underlying factors. Impaired supply of adrenal-derived sulfated sterols such as DHEA sulfate may drive the disease process.
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Yang TY, Zhou WJ, Du Y, Wu ST, Yuan WW, Yu Y, Su L, Luo Y, Zhang JH, Lu WL, Wang XQ, Chen J, Feng Y, Zhou XD, Zhang P. Role of saliva proteinase 3 in dental caries. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 7:174-8. [PMID: 26756046 PMCID: PMC4582561 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary analysis can be used to assess the severity of caries. Of the known salivary proteins, a paucity of information exists concerning the role of proteinase 3 (PR3), a serine protease of the chymotrypsin family, in dental caries. Whole, unstimulated saliva was collected from children with varying degrees of active caries and tested using a Human Protease Array Kit and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A significantly decreased concentration of salivary PR3 was noted with increasing severity of dental caries (P<0.01); a positive correlation (r=0.87; P<0.01; Pearson's correlation analysis) was also observed between salivary pH and PR3 concentration. In an antibacterial test, a PR3 concentration of 250 ng·mL⁻¹ or higher significantly inhibited Streptococcus mutans UA159 growth after 12 h of incubation (P<0.05). These studies indicate that PR3 is a salivary factor associated with the severity of dental caries, as suggested by the negative relationship between salivary PR3 concentration and the severity of caries as well as the susceptibility of S. mutans to PR3.
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Rajesh KS, Zareena, Hegde S, Arun Kumar MS. Assessment of salivary calcium, phosphate, magnesium, pH, and flow rate in healthy subjects, periodontitis, and dental caries. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:461-5. [PMID: 26681848 PMCID: PMC4678541 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.169846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to estimate and compare inorganic salivary calcium, phosphate, magnesium, salivary flow rate, and pH of unstimulated saliva and oral hygiene status of healthy subjects, subjects with periodontitis and dental caries, and to correlate salivary calcium level with number of intact teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 48 systemically healthy subjects in the age group of 18-55 years, which was further divided into three groups: healthy, periodontitis, and dental caries. Oral hygiene index-simplified, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, the number of intact teeth, and active carious lesions were recorded. Estimation of inorganic salivary calcium, phosphate, and magnesium was performed spectrophotometrically using Vitros 5.1 FS. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance test at 5% significance level. RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in inorganic salivary calcium, phosphate, pH, flow rate, and poor oral hygiene status in periodontitis group compared to dental caries and healthy group. CONCLUSION Subjects with increased inorganic salivary calcium, phosphate, pH, flow rate, and poor oral hygiene are at a higher risk of developing periodontitis. Since there is increased remineralization potential, these subjects have more number of intact teeth compared to the dental caries group.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Rajesh
- Department of Periodontics, Yenepoya Dental College and Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Zareena
- Department of Periodontics, Yenepoya Dental College and Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashikanth Hegde
- Department of Periodontics, Yenepoya Dental College and Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M S Arun Kumar
- Department of Periodontics, Yenepoya Dental College and Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Donovan TE, Marzola R, Becker W, Cagna DR, Eichmiller F, McKee JR, Metz JE, Albouy JP. Annual review of selected scientific literature: Report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2015; 114:756-809. [PMID: 26611624 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence E Donovan
- Chair, Committee on Scientific Investigation, American Academy of Restorative Dentistry (AARD); and Professor and Chair for Biomaterials, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry at Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Riccardo Marzola
- Adjunct Professor, Fixed Implant Prosthodontics, University of Bologna; and Private practice, Ferrara, Italy
| | - William Becker
- Clinical Professor, Advanced Education in Prosthodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - David R Cagna
- Associate Dean, Professor and Director, Advanced Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Frederick Eichmiller
- Vice President and Dental Director, Delta Dental of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisc
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Rahmani M, Ghorchi V, Rezaei F, Vaisi-Raygani A. Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva in High School Students. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 8:89-94. [PMID: 26573023 PMCID: PMC4873587 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n4p89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Imbalance between oxidative stress and saliva antioxidants plays a major role in initiation and spread of dental caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva in dental caries. Methods: In this case-control study which employed high school students (14-18 years), the un-stimulated saliva samples of 60 students without dental caries (control group) and 60 students with dental caries (with at least 5 teeth levels of dental caries) were gathered. Each group comprised of males (half of cases) and females (half of cases). TAC of saliva was measured by Zellbio® (Netherlands) in terms of micmol/L. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software (ver. 17.0) and t-test with considering significance level at 0.05. Results: TAC of saliva was significantly lower in cases with dental caries (0.256±0.106) compared to those without dental caries (0.396±0.077); P< 0.001. There was no statistically significant difference of TAC of saliva between males (0.319±0.119) and females (0.333±0.113) irrespective of dental caries (P=0.507). Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that there was a reverse association between dental caries and TAC of saliva.
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