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Gomez Cardona L, Yang M, Seon Q, Karia M, Velupillai G, Noel V, Linnaranta O. The methods of improving cultural sensitivity of depression scales for use among global indigenous populations: a systematic scoping review. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e83. [PMID: 38161748 PMCID: PMC10755398 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultural adaptation of psychometric measures has become a process aimed at increasing acceptance, reliability, and validity among specific Indigenous populations. We present a systematic scoping review to: (1) identify the depression scales that have been culturally adapted for use among Indigenous populations worldwide, (2) globally report on the methods used in the cultural adaptation of those scales, and (3) describe the main features of those cultural adaptation methods. We included articles published from inception to April 2021, including 3 levels of search terms: Psychometrics, Indigenous, and Depression. The search was carried out in the Ovid Medline, PubMed, Embase, Global Health, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases, following PRISMA guidelines. We identified 34 reports on processes of cultural adaptation that met the criteria. The scales were adapted for use among Indigenous populations from Africa, Australia, Asia, North America, and Latin America. The most common scales that underwent adaptation were the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Methods of adaptation involved a revision of the measures' cultural appropriateness, standard/transcultural translation, revision of the administration process, and inclusion of visual supports. Culturally safe administration of scales was reported in some studies. To come to a consensus on most appropriate methods of improving cultural safety of psychometric measurement, most studies utilized qualitative methods or mixed methods to understand the specific community's needs. Revision of linguistic equivalence and cultural relevance of content, culturally safe administration procedures, qualitative methods, and participatory research were key features of developing safe culturally adapted measures for depressive symptoms among Indigenous populations. While for comparability, uniform scales would be ideal as mental health evaluations, an understanding of the cultural impact of measurements and local depression expressions would benefit the process of developing culturally sensitive psychometric scales. PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42023391439.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Gomez Cardona
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle Yang
- École interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé/Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Université d’Ottawa/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Quinta Seon
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maharshee Karia
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Noel
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- ACCESS Open Minds, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Outi Linnaranta
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Equality Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Yang M, Seon Q, Gomez Cardona L, Karia M, Velupillai G, Noel V, Linnaranta O. Safe and valid? A systematic review of the psychometric properties of culturally adapted depression scales for use among Indigenous populations. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e60. [PMID: 37854390 PMCID: PMC10579654 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Implementing culturally sensitive psychometric measures of depression may be an effective strategy to improve acceptance, response rate, and reliability of psychological assessment among Indigenous populations. However, the psychometric properties of depression scales after cultural adaptation remain unclear. Methods We screened the Ovid Medline, PubMed, Embase, Global Health, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases through three levels of search terms: Depression, Psychometrics, and Indigenous, following the PRISMA guidelines. We assessed metrics for reliability (including Cronbach's alpha), validity (including fit indices), and clinical utility (including predictive value). Results Across 31 studies included the review, 13 different depression scales were adapted through language or content modification. Sample populations included Indigenous from the Americas, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Most cultural adaptations had strong psychometric properties; however, few and inconsistent properties were reported. Where available, alphas, inter-rater and test-retest reliability, construct validity, and incremental validity often indicated increased cultural sensitivity of adapted scales. There were mixed results for clinical utility, criterion validity, cross-cultural validity, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, predictive value, and likelihood ratio. Conclusions Modifications to increase cultural relevance have the potential to improve fit and acceptance of a scale by the Indigenous population, however, these changes may decrease specificity and negative predictive value. There is an urgent need for suitable tools that are useful and reliable for identifying Indigenous individuals for clinical treatment of depression. This awaits future work for optimal specificity and validated cut-off points that take into account the high prevalence of depression in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yang
- École interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé/Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Université d’Ottawa/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Quinta Seon
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Liliana Gomez Cardona
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maharshee Karia
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Noel
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- ACCESS Open Minds, Centre de recherche Douglas/Perry 3, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Outi Linnaranta
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Equality, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Rajkumar JL, Viggeswarapu S, Kurian S, Nandyal MB, Gowri M. Addressing the mental health needs of India's aging population: Understanding depression prevalence and social risk factors in tertiary care outpatients. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:949-954. [PMID: 37841541 PMCID: PMC10569333 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_352_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a major public health problem among older persons. Identifying the prevalence and recognizing modifiable risk factors of depression in older persons is essential for early diagnosis and appropriate management. Apart from traditional risk factors, medical comorbidities, chronic illness, and social factors can contribute to depression in the older person. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and identify the medical and social risk factors associated with depression in older persons attending a geriatric outpatient clinic. Methods Consecutive patients aged over 60 years presented to the geriatric outpatient clinic of the Christian Medical College (CMC) and Hospital, Vellore, were screened using the Physical Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Medical, social, and financial information were collected. Following a detailed clinical interview, the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R) was administered and the ICD-10 diagnosis of depression was derived. Results A total of 171 participants were recruited. The prevalence of depression was found to be 53.2% with PHQ-2 and 35.6% with GDS. Using CIS-R, 41.5% had an ICD-10 diagnosis of depression. The risk factors associated with depression in older persons were female gender, financial insecurity, lack of pension, and financial dependence. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of depression among older persons attending a geriatric outpatient clinic. Financial insecurities, particularly lack of pension or financial dependence, were identified as significant social risk factors for depression. Addressing these risk factors may help prevent the onset or progression of depression, thus improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suja Kurian
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Munaf B. Nandyal
- Department of Psychiatry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahasampath Gowri
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Antony A, Parida SP, Behera P, Padhy SK. Geriatric depression: prevalence and its associated factors in rural Odisha. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1180446. [PMID: 37397716 PMCID: PMC10311027 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1180446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The world's population is aging rapidly, and the epidemiological transition has led to increased mental disorders worldwide. Geriatric depression is masked by multiple comorbidities or the natural process of aging. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence of geriatric depression and find the risk factors associated with geriatric depression in rural Odisha. The study was a multistage cross-sectional study conducted in the Tangi block, district Khordha, Odisha, from August 2020 to September 2022, among 520 participants selected by probability proportional to size sampling. From the selected participants, eligible 479 older adults were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule, Hindi Mini Mental Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The step forward multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the associated factors of depression among older adults. Among our participants, 44.4% (213) of older adults were depressed. Substance abuse in family members [AOR: 16.7 (9.1-30.9)], history of elder abuse [AOR: 3.7 (2.1-6.7)], physical dependency [AOR: 2.2 (1.3-3.6)], and financial dependency [AOR: 2.2 (1.3-3.6)] are significant independent risk factors associated with geriatric depression. Living with children [AOR: 0.33 (0.18-0.59)] and recreational activity [AOR: 0.54 (0.34-0.85)] are significant protective factors of geriatric depression. Our study found that geriatric depression is highly prevalent in rural Odisha. Poor quality of family life and physical and financial dependency was found to be the most significant risk factor for geriatric depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Antony
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swayam Pragyan Parida
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priyamadhaba Behera
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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McKelway M, Banerjee A, Grela E, Schilbach F, Sequeira M, Sharma G, Vaidyanathan G, Duflo E. Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Cash Transfers on Older Persons Living Alone in India : A Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:632-641. [PMID: 37094349 DOI: 10.7326/m22-2496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of older persons in developing countries live entirely alone and are physically, mentally, and financially vulnerable. OBJECTIVE To determine whether phone-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or a cash transfer reduce functional impairment, depression, or food insecurity in this population. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04225845; American Economic Association RCT Registry: AEARCTR-0007582). SETTING Tamil Nadu, India, 2021. PARTICIPANTS 1120 people aged 55 years and older and living alone. INTERVENTIONS A 6-week, phone-based CBT and a 1-time cash transfer of 1000 rupees (U.S. $12 at market exchange rates) were evaluated in a factorial design. MEASUREMENTS The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), the Geriatric Depression Scale, and food security, all measured 3 weeks after CBT for 977 people and 3 months after for 932. Surveyors were blind to treatment assignment. RESULTS The WHODAS score (scale 0 to 48, greater values representing more impairment) decreased between baseline and the 3-week follow-up by 2.92 more (95% CI, -5.60 to -0.23) in the group assigned cash only than in the control group, and the depression score (ranging from 0 to 15, higher score indicating more depressive symptoms) decreased by 1.01 more (CI, -2.07 to 0.06). These effects did not persist to the 3-month follow-up, and CBT alone and the 2 together had no significant effects. There were no effects on food security. LIMITATIONS The study cannot say whether more sustained or in-person therapy would have been effective, how results would translate outside of the COVID-19 period, or whether results in the consented sample differ from those in a larger population. Primary outcomes were self-reported. CONCLUSION Among older people living alone, a small cash transfer was effective in alleviating short-term (3 weeks) functional impairment, produced a small but not clinically or statistically significant reduction in depression, and had no effect on food security. There were no short-term effects from CBT or the 2 interventions together. None of the interventions showed any effect at 3 months. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institute on Aging (NIA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhijit Banerjee
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.B., E.G., F.S., G.S., E.D.)
| | - Erin Grela
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.B., E.G., F.S., G.S., E.D.)
| | - Frank Schilbach
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.B., E.G., F.S., G.S., E.D.)
| | | | - Garima Sharma
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.B., E.G., F.S., G.S., E.D.)
| | | | - Esther Duflo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.B., E.G., F.S., G.S., E.D.)
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Uomoto KE. Increasing Identification and Follow-Up of Older Adult Depression in Primary Care. J Prim Care Community Health 2023; 14:21501319231152758. [PMID: 36760105 PMCID: PMC9926000 DOI: 10.1177/21501319231152758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a common mental health disorder faced by older adults that can go undetected and untreated. It was determined that the project site was not screening for depression among their older patient population. Aims: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine if the implementation of the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) would impact the identification of risk factors for depression and follow-up among adults 65 and older. METHODS Implementation started in June 2021 in a primary care office in Southern California. Data was collected for this project over a total of 8 weeks. This project was a quality improvement project designed to implement routine depression screening among older adult patients using the GDS-15. Depressive symptoms were identified, and follow-up and treatment for depression in primary care was initiated if indicated by GDS-15 scores. Data were obtained from the project site's electronic medical record on a total sample size of 443 patients (n = 252 in the comparison group and n = 191 in the implementation group). RESULTS A chi-square test indicated a clinical and statistically significant improvement in the identification rate of depression, X2 (1, N = 443) = 49.76, P < .0001; and follow-up rate X2 (1, N = 70) = 23.94, P < .0001. Clinical significance was found with an increase in the identification of depression and follow-up of older adults in primary care. Demographic variables were also compared for the QI intervention group patients according to those who scored <5 (n = 134) and patients who scored 5 or greater on the GDS-15 (n = 57) again using chi-square tests. The results showed significant differences between gender (P = .016) and primary diagnosis (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS Findings of this project suggest all older adults should receive a depression screening routinely in primary care to increase the recognition of depression as well as follow-up and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keirstin E. Uomoto
- Mount Saint Mary’s University, Los
Angeles, CA, USA,Keirstin E. Uomoto, Mount Saint Mary’s
University, 12001 Chalon Road, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA.
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Sahoo SS, Kaur V, Panda UK, Nath B, Parija PP, Sahu DP. Depression and quality of life among elderly: Comparative cross-sectional study between elderly in community and old age homes in Eastern India. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:301. [PMID: 36439022 PMCID: PMC9683438 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1665_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression among elderly is an emerging public health concern. Along with other comorbidities, depression affects the quality of life and functional ability of the geriatric population. This study aimed to assess the depression and quality of life among elderly and compare these parameters among the inhabitants of old age home and in the community. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among the elderly of the community and old-age homes in the urban areas of Raipur, Chhattisgarh between March and July 2016. Hundred elderly (50 in each group) participated in the study. Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (GDS-15) and Older People Quality of Life (OPQoL)-35 scale were used to assess the geriatric depression and quality of life, respectively. Association between depression and demographic variables were analyzed by Chi-square/Fisher's exact test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated between GDS-15 and OPQoL-35 scale. RESULTS The prevalence of geriatric depression was 59%. Quality of life was better among the old-age home elderly participants than that of community elderly when compared for score of life over all (11.78 vs. 13.56), health (12.8 vs. 14.0), social relationship (10.48 vs. 13.9), control over life (11.92 vs. 14.08), home and neighborhoods (9.38 vs. 12.36), psychological and emotional wellbeing (10.96 vs. 13.7), financial circumstances (14.5 vs. 16.7), and leisure and activities (13.86 vs. 15.28). Moderate positive correlation was observed between depression and quality of life. CONCLUSION The higher prevalence in our study emphasizes the need to delineate the actual burden in the elderly population and provide necessary supportive measures. It needs to be addressed adequately through a coordinated primary care approach and community and social support. Timely and adequate management of depression can improve the quality-of-life outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya S. Sahoo
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhatinda, Punjab, India
| | - Vazinder Kaur
- District NCD Consultant, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Udit K. Panda
- Consultant Psychiatrist, VKN ECHO, NIMHANS, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhola Nath
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhatinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pragyan P. Parija
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh P. Sahu
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Anbesaw T, Fekadu B. Depression and associated factors among older adults in Bahir Dar city administration, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: Cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273345. [PMID: 35998120 PMCID: PMC9397869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is the most common psychiatric condition among older adults, and it goes unnoticed by individuals themselves and is under-diagnosed by clinicians due to the misconception that these are normal parts of aging. However, the problem is not properly addressed in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression among the older adults in Bahir Dar city. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 423 older adults in Bahir Dar city. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Depression was assessed using a 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential determinants of depression among the participants. Results The prevalence of depression among older adults was found to be 57.9% (95% CI: 53.2–62.6). This study showed that educational status with grades 5-8th (AOR: 5.72, 95% CI: 2.87–11.34), and 9-12th grade (AOR: 3.44, 95% CI: 1.59–7.41), income <2004 ETB (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.16–3.07), cognitive impairments (AOR: 3.54, 95% CI: 2.16–5.81), family history of mental illness (AOR:3.06, 95% CI: 1.03–9.04), and poor quality of life (AOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.74–4.46) were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion The prevalence of depression among older adults was found to be huge. Having low educational status, low monthly income, cognitive impairments, family history of mental illness, and poor quality of life were associated with depression. Therefore, raising community awareness of mental health, increasing social participation, providing supportive counseling and routine screening of depressive symptoms are essential in combating depression among Bahir-Dar city older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamrat Anbesaw
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Betelhem Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Screening tools for common mental disorders in older adults in South Asia: a systematic scoping review. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:427-438. [PMID: 33413722 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220003804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Common mental disorders (CMDs), particularly depression, are major contributors to the global mental health burden. South Asia, while diverse, has cultural, social, and economic challenges, which are common across the region, not least an aging population. This creates an imperative to better understand how CMD affects older people in this context, which relies on valid and culturally appropriate screening and research tools. This review aims to scope the availability of CMD screening tools for older people in South Asia. As a secondary aim, this review will summarize the use of these tools in epidemiology, and the extent to which they have been validated or adapted for this population. DESIGN A scoping review was performed, following PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was developed iteratively in Medline and translated to Embase, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data were extracted from papers in which a tool was used to identify CMD in a South Asian older population (50+), including validation, adaptation, and use in epidemiology. Validation studies meeting the criteria were critically appraised using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies - version 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. RESULTS Of the 4694 papers identified, 176 met the selection criteria at full-text screening as relevant examples of diagnostic or screening tool use. There were 15 tool validation studies, which were critically appraised. Of these, 10 were appropriate to evaluate as diagnostic tests. All of these tools assessed for depression. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-based tools were predominant with variable diagnostic accuracy across different settings. Methodological issues were substantial based on the QUADAS-2 criteria. In the epidemiological studies identified (n = 160), depression alone was assessed for 82% of the studies. Tools lacking cultural validation were commonly used (43%). CONCLUSIONS This review identifies a number of current research gaps including a need for culturally relevant validation studies, and attention to other CMDs such as anxiety.
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Developing and translating screening tools for CMD in older adults in South Asia: cultural and contextual aspects. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:407-409. [PMID: 35067245 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610221000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mehra A, Agarwal A, Bashar M, Grover S. Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of Hindi Versions of Geriatric Depression Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire in Older Adults. Indian J Psychol Med 2021; 43:319-324. [PMID: 34385725 PMCID: PMC8327872 DOI: 10.1177/02537176211022159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited number of studies have evaluated the psychometric properties of rating scales used to assess depression in the older adults. The present study aimed to assess the validity of the Hindi Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS, 30, 15, 10, 5, 4, and 1 item version) and Hindi Patient Health Questionnaire (nine and two items version) in a group of older adults residing in a rural community. METHODS The psychometric properties of these scales were assessed against the diagnosis of depression a qualified psychiatrist made by using a semistructured interview. RESULTS Total 125 older adults were recruited from a rural community, with a mean age of 65.5 (SD: 6.4) years. The prevalence of depression was 36.8% as per the evaluation by the psychiatrist. When the agreement of different scales with the clinicians' diagnosis was evaluated, it was seen that sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen Kappa value of GDS-30 and 15 were better than the other scales used to assess depression. When the sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using newer cutoffs, the specificity and sensitivity of GDS-30 were more than that of other scales. CONCLUSION Hindi version of GDS-30 with a cutoff of 13 has excellent psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem Mehra
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Postgraduate institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohammad Bashar
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Postgraduate institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Thomas AM, Cherian V, Antony A. Translation, validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the geriatric depression scale (GDS-30) for utilization amongst speakers of Malayalam; the regional language of the South Indian State of Kerala. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1863-1867. [PMID: 34195117 PMCID: PMC8208219 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1813_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) is a popular instrument that has been ratified and is being used around the world as a screening tool for over three decades. However, a validated version of the scale is not available for use among speakers of Malayalam. In this paper, we elaborate on the procedure involved in the translation and validation of the GDS-30 from the official English version into Malayalam, the hurdles encountered in the process, and how they were overcome. Methods: The steps recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) were applied for the translation of the original questionnaire. This involved initial forward translation of the English questionnaire, discussion by an expert panel, back-translation, pre-testing, and pilot testing of the final version. The Malayalam translation thus obtained was administered to 100 elderly persons in the community. These individuals were then examined by a qualified doctor, who had received the necessary training from a consultant psychiatrist in the diagnosis of depressive disorders. This doctor evaluated the study subjects clinically using theInternational Classification of Diseases-tenth revision (ICD-10) criteria for the diagnosis of depression, which is considered as the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, Cronbach'salpha, and split-half reliability were calculated to determine validity. Results: The translated scale yielded a sensitivity of 87.20%, a specificity of 73.80%, an area under the Receiving Operator Curve (ROC) of 0.814, Cronbach's α of 0.920, and split-half reliability of 0.897, thereby proving to be a valid screening tool. Conclusion: The Malayalam translation of the GDS-30 is a valid instrument to screen for depression in an elderly Malayalam-speaking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mary Thomas
- Department of Community Medicine, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Kerala, India
| | - Vinu Cherian
- Department of Community Medicine, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Kerala, India
| | - Ashok Antony
- Department of Psychiatry, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Kerala, India
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Govind R, Rajeev J, Bhatt AN. Malnutrition among community dwelling older adults in a rural block area of South India. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 9:5982-5987. [PMID: 33681030 PMCID: PMC7928154 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1248_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kerala state has highest proportion of older adults in India. There is paucity of information on burden of malnutrition (under-nutrition) among them in the state. This study aimed to measure prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition among older adults in a rural community of Kerala. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018, among randomly selected 245 older persons (age ≥ 60 years) across rural area of Nemom block panchayath in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. Nutritional status was determined by Mini Nutritional Assessment tool. Other components of the interviewer-administered questionnaire were Barthel Index, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, socio-demography, morbidity and substance abuse details. Chi Square test and binary logistic regression were done appropriately. Results: Prevalence of malnutrition was 14.3% (95% CI – 9.9% to 18.7%) and 44.1% (95% CI – 37.9% to 50.3%) were at risk of malnutrition. Older-old (70-79 years), oldest-old (≥80 years), unmarried or widowed, those with chewing and swallowing difficulties, those who screened positive for depression and those who had higher grade of dependency in any activities of daily living were more likely to be malnourished (p < 0.05). Older-old age (aOR – 3.358), depression (aOR – 4.859) and higher grade of dependency in activities of daily living (aOR – 2.940) were the attributes independently associated with malnutrition after adjusting for other factors. Conclusions: The older persons in the rural area of Kerala had high burden of malnutrition. Older-old, dependent and depressed individuals are more likely to be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragasree Govind
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India.,District Epidemiologist (IDSP), District Medical Office, Alappuzha, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Rajeev
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | - Arun N Bhatt
- Department of Community Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute Of Medical Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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Figueiredo-Duarte C, Espirito-Santo H, Sério C, Lemos L, Marques M, Daniel F. Validity and reliability of a shorter version of the Geriatric Depression Scale in institutionalized older Portuguese adults. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:492-498. [PMID: 31794243 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1695739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depressive symptoms are common in older adults in institutional contexts; however, there is a lack of validated measures for these settings. Identifying depressive symptoms can help clinicians to manage them and to prevent or delay their complications. This study aimed to validate the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in an institutionalized sample of older adults. METHOD 493 institutionalized older people (73% women) aged 60 or over were evaluated through the GDS, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) (depression vs. no depression = 11% vs. 89%), the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), the Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) Schedule, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Test-retest reliability was assessed with 57 older adults. RESULTS An 8-item version presented a Cronbach's alpha value of .87 with a single factor explaining its variance. The correlations (p < .01) attested the concurrent validity (GAI: r = .76; PA: r = -.22; AN: r = .62; SWLS: r = -.32). Test-retest reliability (6.51 months) was adequate (r = .52). ROC analysis (AUC = .82; sensitivity = 80%; specificity = 77%) and Youden index revealed a cutoff of 5/6 for the diagnosis of depression. CONCLUSION Results support the validity and the screening capacity of a short version of GDS in institutional contexts. Short screening instruments for depressive symptoms may facilitate their identification, allowing for timely clinical interventions in institutional settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Espirito-Santo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Psicossocial, Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Sério
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Psicossocial, Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Laura Lemos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Psicossocial, Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Marques
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Psicossocial, Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Daniel
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Psicossocial, Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centro de Estudos e Investigação em Saúde, Coimbra, Portugal
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Roy PK, Saya GK, Ulaganeethi R, Jayaram S, Kumar SS. Prevalence and association of depressive symptoms with spiritual intelligence among older adults: A community-based study in rural Puducherry, South India. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 55:102510. [PMID: 33370702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is more common among older adults, but there is a paucity of information about its association with spiritual intelligence. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and association of depressive symptoms with spiritual intelligence among older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 292 older adults in a rural area of Puducherry, India. A structured questionnaire was used to collect each participant's socio-demographic and behavioral factors; the presence of depressive symptoms was assessed by using Geriatric Depression Scale (short form), spiritual intelligence by the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory-24 questionnaire and activities of daily living by Katz Index of Independence scale. Proportion for prevalence estimate, bivariate and multivariable log binomial regression analysis were done. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 64.1 % (187/292; 95 % CI 58.3-69.3). Of total, 103 (35.3 %) had low, 92 (31.55 %) had moderate and 97 (33.2 %) had high spiritual intelligence. About 11 % (32/292) were partially or fully dependent. Depressive symptoms showed a significant association with marital status, education, sleep pattern, relationship with family members and spiritual intelligence in bivariate analysis. Depressive symptoms were high among those with low spiritual intelligence and disturbed sleep pattern with Adjusted Prevalence Ratio of 1.33 (95 %CI 1.26-1.4) and 1.06 (95 %CI 1.0-1.14) respectively. CONCLUSION Majority of the older adults had depressive symptoms and significantly more among those with low spiritual intelligence and disturbed sleep. This study gives new evidence on spiritual intelligence among older adults in a community setting and the magnitude of association of depressive symptoms with spiritual intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumar Roy
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
| | - Ganesh Kumar Saya
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
| | - Revathi Ulaganeethi
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
| | - Suganya Jayaram
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
| | - Swetha S Kumar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
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Amha H, Fente W, Sintayehu M, Tesfaye B, Yitayih M. Depression and associated factors among old age population in Dega damot district, North West Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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17
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Assari S, Cobb S, Saqib M, Bazargan M. Economic Strain Deteriorates While Education Fails to Protect Black Older Adults Against Depressive Symptoms, Pain, Self-rated Health, Chronic Disease, and Sick Days. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:49-62. [PMID: 32724902 DOI: 10.29245/2578-2959/2020/2.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background A large body of empirical evidence on Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) suggests that educational attainment shows smaller health effects for Blacks compared to Whites. At the same time, economic strain may operate as a risk factor for a wide range of undesired mental and physical health outcomes in Black communities. Aim The current study investigated the combined effects of education and economic strain on the following five health outcomes in Black older adults in underserved areas of South Los Angeles: depressive symptoms, number of chronic diseases, pain intensity, self-rated health, and sick days. Methods This cross-sectional study included 619 Black older adults residing in South Los Angeles. Data on demographic factors (age and gender), socioeconomic characteristics, economic strain, health insurance, living arrangement, marital status, health behaviors, depressive symptoms, pain intensity, number of chronic diseases, sick days, and self-rated health were collected. Five linear regressions were used to analyze the data. Results Although high education was associated with less economic strain, it was the economic strain, not educational attainment, which was universally associated with depressive symptoms, pain intensity, self-rated health, chronic diseases, and sick days, independent of covariates. Similar patterns emerged for all health outcomes suggesting that the risk associated with economic strain and lack of health gain due to educational attainment are both robust and independent of type of health outcome. Conclusion In economically constrained urban environments, economic strain is a more salient social determinant of health of Black older adults than educational attainment. While education loses some of its protective effects, economic strain deteriorates health of Black population across domains. There is a need for bold economic and social policies that increase access of Black communities to cash at times of emergency. There is also a need to improve the education quality in the Black communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Departments of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science
| | - Sharon Cobb
- School of Nursing, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mohammed Saqib
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Departments of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science.,Departments of Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Erazo M, Fors M, Mullo S, González P, Viada C. Internal Consistency of Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS 15-Item Version) in Ecuadorian Older Adults. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2020; 57:46958020971184. [PMID: 33174502 PMCID: PMC7673046 DOI: 10.1177/0046958020971184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the validity of a Spanish version of the Geriatric Depression-15 Scale (GDS-15) in Ecuadorian adults. Cross-sectional study to validate GDS-15 in its short version (GDS-15). Internal consistency and factor structure were assessed through Kuder Richardson 20 and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A total of 211 subjects 65 years of age and older participated in the validation process. Internal consistency was adequate, the Kuder Richardson 20 coefficient for the total scale was 0.73. Three factor structure was found for the scale. This study highlights the importance of having a validated scale for screening depression in the elderly. This study provides an evidence for the use of GDS-15 in Ecuadorian elderly population to screen for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Erazo
- Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Martha Fors
- Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Sofía Mullo
- Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.,Fuerza Aérea del Ecuador-Base Aérea Mariscal Sucre-Centro Médico Bamas, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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Depression among geriatric population; the need for community awareness. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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20
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Prevalence of and factors contributing to anxiety, depression and cognitive disorders among urban elderly in Odisha – A study through the health systems’ Lens. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 80:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Aktürk Ü, Aktürk S, Erci B. The effects of depression, personal characteristics, and some habits on physical activity in the elderly. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2019; 55:112-118. [PMID: 30171700 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study investigated the effects of depression, personal characteristics, and some habits on physical activity levels among the elderly. DESIGN AND METHODS This study followed a descriptive design. The population of the study consisted of 11 750 individuals at least 65 years old. The sample size of the study was determined to be 967 by power analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic models were used for data analysis. RESULTS Together, age, the presence of a caregiver, chronic disease, and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score explained 32% of the variance in the physical activity of the elderly. Among these factors, the GDS score alone had the greatest effect. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS To maintain health, it is important to reduce depression and increase physical activity among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümmühan Aktürk
- Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Health, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Semra Aktürk
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Behice Erci
- Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Health, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Mirkena Y, Reta MM, Haile K, Nassir Z, Sisay MM. Prevalence of depression and associated factors among older adults at ambo town, Oromia region, Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:338. [PMID: 30336773 PMCID: PMC6194620 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is an important public health concern due to its devastating morbidity and mortality among older adults. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among older adults (age ≥ 60 years) in Ambo Town, Ethiopia, 2016. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults in Ambo town from May to June 2016. Geriatric depression scale item 15 (GDS 15) was used to conduct face-to-face interviews with 800 study participants. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to calculate significance. RESULTS The prevalence of depression was found to be 41.8% [CI = 38.5%, 45.5%]. The multivariable logistic regression model revealed that female sex (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.66), trading (AOR = 2.44; 95% CI =1.32, 4.57), living with children (AOR = 3.19, 95% CI =1.14, 8.93) and retirement (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI = 2.11, 7.35) were associated with depression among older adults. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression among older adult was found to be high. Due emphasis needs to be given to screening and treating depression, especially among older females, retired individuals, adults living with children and merchants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Mirkena
- University of Gondar Teaching and Referral Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mebratu Mitiku Reta
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Amanuel Specialized Mental Health Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zebiba Nassir
- Amanuel Specialized Mental Health Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Malede Mequanent Sisay
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Lee H, Seol KH, Kim JW. Age and sex-related differences in risk factors for elderly suicide: Differentiating between suicide ideation and attempts. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:e300-e306. [PMID: 28967671 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyze the age and sex-related differences in socio-demographic factors that influence suicide ideation and attempts in the elderly. METHODS The total number of subjects was 93 151, of whom 8441 belonged to the high suicide-risk group (2064 male; 6377 female). Following this identification, we investigated their socio-demographic information, health status, and depressive symptoms, which might have influenced their suicide ideation and attempts. RESULTS Residence in an urban area was identified as a risk factor for both male and female elderly in their 60s and 70s and female elderly in their 80s. Marital status showed a different influence on suicide ideation depending on age and sex. A negative perception of one's own health status was a significant risk factor that increased the likelihood of suicide ideation in all ages, except the female elderly in their 60s. No factor was identified that significantly influenced suicide attempts in the male elderly. However, in the female elderly, residence in an urban area and a negative perception of one's own health status were identified as significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that factors known to influence suicide ideation in the elderly from previous studies, such as residence area, separation from a spouse, education level, religion, and drinking, show changed influence as the elderly reach their 70s and 80s. However, a negative perception of one's own health status was a risk factor that encompassed most ages and sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Medical Unit of the 7th Division, Korea Army, Hwacheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ho Seol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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