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Seifu B, Yigzaw N, Haile K, Reshid Z, Asfaw H. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among patients with dental disease attending outpatient department in Addis Ababa public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:635. [PMID: 34886832 PMCID: PMC8656448 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-02012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are widespread mental health problems in many populations. These problems can be major barriers to dental care and may be led to poor oral health. OBJECTIVES To assess prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among patients with dental disease in Addis Ababa public hospitals outpatient department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. METHODS An institution based cross sectional study was conducted from May 06 to June 06, 2019 among patients with dental disease attending outpatient department in Addis Ababa city administration public hospitals. Multistage sampling method was used to select study participants. Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale was used to assess anxiety and depression. Face to face interview was used to collect data and the collected data was entered into EPI data version 3.1 and analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package Software for Social Sciences) version 20. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression was carried out. Strength of association was determined using odds ratio with 95% CI (Confidence Interval) and p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant association in the final model. RESULTS From the total of 845 participants, 833 were studied with response rate of 98.6%. The median age of the respondent was 32 years with interquartile range (26-41 years). The prevalence of anxiety and depression were found to be 33.9% and 29.2% respectively. Being female [AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio) 2.70 (95% CI 1.86, 3.89)], tooth extraction [AOR 3.24 (95% CI 2.11, 4.97)], history of repeat visit to dental clinic [AOR 3.21 (95% CI 2.25, 4.58)], chronic disease [AOR 2.95 (95% CI 1.98, 4.38)] and current alcohol use [AOR 3.40 (95% CI 2.28, 5.09)] were significantly associated with anxiety among patients with dental disease. Being female [AOR 2.22 (95% CI 1.53, 3.23)], Elementary educational status [AOR 2.15 (95% CI 1.28, 3.58)], periodontitis [AOR 1.74 (95% CI 1.18, 2.72)],history of repeated visit to dental clinic [AOR 4.07 (95% CI 2.84, 5.84)], current use of alcohol [AOR 4.01 (95% CI 2.68, 6.00)], current cigarette use [AOR 3.15 (95% CI 1.42, 7.00] and irregular tooth brushing [AOR 2.22 (95% CI 1.53, 3.23]were significantly associated with depression among patients with dental disease. CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression were high among people with dental disease. Tooth extraction and having chronic disease were significantly associated with anxiety. Elementary educational status, periodontitis, current cigarette smoking and irregular tooth brushing pattern were significant association with depression. History of repeat visit to dental clinic, current alcohol use and female sex were significantly associated with both depression and anxiety. Based on the finding of this study early screening and treating of anxiety and depression, also identifying those associated factors are important at dental clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekele Seifu
- Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Ethiopian Treatment Center of COVID-19, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Niguse Yigzaw
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Science, University of Gonder, Gonder, Ethiopia
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zahira Reshid
- Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Asfaw
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
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Temesgen E, Belete Y, Haile K, Ali S. Prevalence of active tuberculosis and associated factors among people with chronic psychotic disorders at St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital and Gergesenon Mental Rehabilitation center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1100. [PMID: 34702208 PMCID: PMC8547023 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne chronic infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. Currently, about 1.7 billion (26%) of the world’s population are considered to be infected with M. tuberculosis. The risk of acquiring tuberculosis is higher on some segments of societies including people with severe mental illness. As a result, World health organization (WHO) strongly recommends screening for tuberculosis in such risk groups and setting. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of active tuberculosis and associated factors among patients with chronic psychotic disorders admitted at St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital and Gergesenon Mental rehabilitation center from February to June, 2020. All admitted patients were screened for any sign of TB as recommended by WHO. Presumptive TB cases were identified. Sputum samples were collected and tested by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0 statistical software and Chi square analysis was used to test the statistical association. Results From a total 3600 pschotic patients screened for TB, 250 (6.94%) presumptive tuberculosis cases were detected. From these, 27 (10.8%) were positive by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Most of the patients were males (68.4%). The mean ± SD age of the participant was 36.5 ± 9.7 years. The overall prevalence of tuberculosis was found to be 750 per 100,000 population. The number of patients per room (p = 0.039) was associated with Xpert MTB/RIF positive active tuberculosis. Conclusion The prevalence of active tuberculosis among chronic psychotic patients was high. Number of admitted patients per room was identified as risk factors for Xpert MTB/RIF positive active tuberculosis. Therefore, to control TB transmission in chronic mental health treatment facilities, efforts should be directed to periodic screening for early case detection and improving the number of patients per room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshetu Temesgen
- Department of Microbiology, St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yerega Belete
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Department of Microbiology, St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Barsisa B, Derajew H, Haile K, Mesafint G, Shumet S. Prevalence of common mental disorder and associated factors among mothers of under five year children at Arbaminch Town, South Ethiopia, 2019. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257973. [PMID: 34591914 PMCID: PMC8483314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Common mental disorders are the major public healthproblem that affects mothers with young children. Although there were a number of studies done on maternal mental health problems, they were largely focused on perinatal period. However, there is scarcity of information on the magnitude and correlates of these mental health problems beyond perinatal period and due concern is not given mainly in LMICs including our country. Objective To assess the prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorderamong mothers of under-five year children at Arbaminch town, South Ethiopia, 2019. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2019 at Arbaminch town. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 776 participants. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess common mental disorder (CMD). Data was coded and entered in EPIDATA3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated to common mental disorder. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant and strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Result The prevalence of common mental disorder among mothers with children aged below five years was 36.6% with (95% CI, 33.2, 39.9). Being single/divorced/widowed [AOR = 3.64, 95% CI:(1.47, 8.99), chronic medical illness [AOR = 3.25, 95% CI:(2.10, 5.04)], exposure to two/more stressful events [AOR = 1.62, 95% CI:(1.11, 2.36)], poor social support [AOR = 2.59, 95% CI:(1.62, 4.14)], mothers living with cigarette smoker husband [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI:(1.19, 3.47)], and mothers physically abused by their spouse [AOR = 2.36, 95% CI:(1.49, 3.74)] were factors associated with common mental disorder. Conclusion and recommendation The prevalence of common mental disorder was high among mothers with children aged below five years compared to the general population. Being single/divorced/widowed, chronic medicalillness, exposure to two/more stressful events, poor social support, mothers living with cigarette smoker husbandand physically abuse by their spouse were factors associated with common mental disorder. Early detection and management of these maternal mental health problems is vital for mothers’ wellbeing as well as growth and development of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batala Barsisa
- Department of Psychiatry, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kibrom Haile
- Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremeskel Mesafint
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Mizan-Tapi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Shegaye Shumet
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
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Haile K, Sahile AT. Depressive symptoms in primary health care attendees in Sebeta Town, Ethiopia: Prevalence, associated factors, and detection by health workers. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211034304. [PMID: 34482793 PMCID: PMC10358590 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211034304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression often goes unrecognized in the primary health care setting. When depression occurs in clinical settings, it increases the risk of mortality from co-morbid medical conditions. Besides, 70% of patients with depression have somatic complaints, resulting in unnecessary investigations and mismanagement. This study was intended to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms in primary health care centers and the detection rate in Sebeta Town, Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 visitors of adult outpatient department of four primary health centers in Sebeta Town, Ethiopia from October 1 to November 3, 2020. Depressive symptoms were assessed using PHQ-9 at cut-off score of 5. Data were entered using EPI data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for data analysis. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27.9% (95% CI: 23.4-32.6). Detection rate of depressive symptoms by PHC providers was 0.93% (95% CI: 0.0-5.1). The factors positively associated with depressive symptoms were being unmarried (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.40, 95% CI: 1.56-7.40, p < 0.01), perceived worsening of illness (AOR: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.73-7.77, p < 0.01), having family history of depression (AOR: 3.78, 95% CI: 1.40-10.23, p < 0.01), current alcohol consumption (AOR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.22-6.10, p < 0.05), and current khat consumption (AOR: 5.43, 95% CI: 2.55-11.56, p < 0.01). Moderate social support (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.41, p < 0.01) and strong social support (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09-0.63, p < 0.01) compared to poor social support, and the age group 25-31 (AOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14-0.92, p < 0.05), compared to the age group 18-24, were negatively associated. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be high, while the detection rate was very low. Provision of depression care services integrated into routine health care at PHC level was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibrom Haile
- Research and Training Department, St. Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ayano G, Demelash S, Yohannes Z, Haile K, Tulu M, Assefa D, Tesfaye A, Haile K, Solomon M, Chaka A, Tsegay L. Misdiagnosis, detection rate, and associated factors of severe psychiatric disorders in specialized psychiatry centers in Ethiopia. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:10. [PMID: 33531016 PMCID: PMC7856725 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-021-00333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited studies on the prevalence of misdiagnosis as well as detection rates of severe psychiatric disorders in specialized and non-specialized healthcare settings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the prevalence of misdiagnosis and detection rates of severe psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar, and depressive disorders in a specialized psychiatric setting. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, a random sample of 309 patients with severe psychiatric disorders was selected by systematic sampling technique. Severe psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The potential determinates of misdiagnosis were explored using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for the potential confounding factors. RESULT This study revealed that more than a third of patients with severe psychiatric disorders were misdiagnosed (39.16%). The commonly misdiagnosed disorder was found to be a schizoaffective disorder (75%) followed by major depressive disorder (54.72%), schizophrenia (23.71%), and bipolar disorder (17.78%). Among the patients detected with the interview by SCID criteria, the highest level of the correct diagnosis was recorded in the medical record for schizophrenia (76.29%) followed by bipolar (72.22%), depressive (42.40%), and schizoaffective (25%) disorders with detection rate (sensitivity) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.69-0.84), 0.42 (95% CI 0.32-0.53), 0.72 (95% CI 0.60-0.84), and 0.25 (95% CI 0.09-0.41), respectively for schizophrenia, depressive, bipolar, and schizoaffective disorders. Patients with bipolar disorder were more likely to be misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia (60%), whereas schizophrenic patients were more likely to be misdiagnosed as having bipolar disorder (56.25%) and patients with depressive disorders were more likely to be misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia (54.72%). Having a diagnosis of schizoaffective and depressive disorders, as well as suicidal ideation, was found to be significant predictors of misdiagnosis. CONCLUSION This study showed that roughly four out of ten patients with severe psychiatric disorders had been misdiagnosed in a specialized psychiatric setting in Ethiopia. The highest rate of misdiagnosis was observed for schizoaffective disorder (3 out of 4), followed by major depressive disorder (1 out of 2), schizophrenia (1 out of 4), and bipolar disorders (1 in 5). The detection rates were highest for schizophrenia, followed by bipolar, depressive, and schizoaffective disorders. Having a diagnosis of schizoaffective and depressive disorders as well as suicidal ideation was found to be significant predictors of misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | | | - Zegeye Yohannes
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mikiyas Tulu
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Assefa
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Tesfaye
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Kelemua Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melat Solomon
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Chaka
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Light Tsegay
- Department of Psychiatry, Axum University, Axum, Ethiopia
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Ayano G, Demelash S, Yohannes Z, Haile K, Tsegay L, Tesfaye A, Haile K, Tulu M, Tsegaye B, Solomon M, Hibdye G, Assefa D, Dachew BA. Prevalence and correlates of diagnosed and undiagnosed epilepsy and migraine headache among people with severe psychiatric disorders in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241581. [PMID: 33216748 PMCID: PMC7678996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of research on the prevalence of diagnosed as well as undiagnosed neurological disorders with episodic manifestations such as epilepsy and migraine headaches in people with severe psychiatric disorders (SPD). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing and comparing the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed chronic neurological disorders with episodic manifestations including epilepsy and migraine headache in people with SPD. METHOD This quantitative cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 309 patients with SPD selected by a systematic random sampling technique. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID) was used to confirm SPD among the participants. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) and International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) were used to define migraine headache and epilepsy, respectively]. Risk factors for chronic neurologic disorders were explored by using logistic regression models. RESULT In this study, the prevalence of overall neurological disorders, epilepsy, and migraine headache among people with SPD were found to be 5.2% (95%CI 3.2-8.3), 1.6% (95%CI 0.7-3.9), and 3.9% (95%CI 2.2-6.7), respectively. We found that a considerably higher proportion of people with SPD had undiagnosed overall neurological disorder (87.5%; 14/16), epilepsy (60%; 3/5), as well as migraine headaches (100%; 12/12). On the other hand, in this study, 12.5%, 40%, and 0% of patients with overall neurologic disorder, epilepsy, and migraine headaches respectively were diagnosed by the professionals. Higher disability score (WHODAS score) was associated with increased odds of having neurological disorders compared with the lower WHODAS score [OR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.02-1.66)]. CONCLUSION Whilst the prevalence estimates of neurological disorders with episodic manifestations including epilepsy and migraine headache was high among people with SPD, the vast majority of them remained undiagnosed. The diagnosis rates of those disorders were significantly low, perhaps surprisingly zero for migraine headache. High WHODAS score was associated with increased odds of having neurological disorders. Routine screening and management of epilepsy and migraine headache are imperative among people with SPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Zegeye Yohannes
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Light Tsegay
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Axum University, Axum, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Tesfaye
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Kelemua Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mikias Tulu
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Belachew Tsegaye
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melat Solomon
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Hibdye
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Assefa
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Haile K, Umer H, Fanta T, Birhanu A, Fejo E, Tilahun Y, Derajew H, Tadesse A, Zienawi G, Chaka A, Damene W. Pathways through homelessness among women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238571. [PMID: 32877455 PMCID: PMC7467327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a paradigm shift in understanding homelessness. The shift is from the belief that homelessness results from lack of secure housing towards the view which explains homelessness in terms of the complex interactions of factors which determine the pathways into and out of homelessness. The evidence base for women’s homelessness is less robust than men’s homelessness. The effect of gender and its relationship with homelessness has been neglected. Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, is estimated to be home for around 50,000 homeless people. This study aims to explore pathways through homelessness in women who were sheltered in a facility for the homeless in Addis Ababa. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted in 2019 with 14 women who were ‘roofless’, and were gathered for support in a temporary shelter in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The shelter was one of the eight such facilities established in Addis Ababa few months earlier than the study. For data analysis the QDA Miner 5.0.30 software was used and data was analyzed using thematic analysis approach. Results The analysis revealed that determinant factors for pathways into homelessness among women occurred on the background of predisposing factors, such as poverty, being raised by caregivers other than biological parents, child marriage, unstable employment history. On top of the predisposing factors listed above the occurrence of precipitating factors such as problems with marriage, migration, death of parents, deception, became the immediate cause of homelessness. Despite mentions of positive experiences of homelessness such as mutual support and good social life within network of homeless people, the net effect of the interaction between negative and positive experiences of the homeless life, together with the effectiveness of coping strategies by the participants resulted in the participants’ decision of whether homelessness is tolerable. Finally, the presence of perpetuating factors such as lack of affordable house, feeling of shame to go back home, and unfavorable situation at home discouraged participants from exiting the homeless situation. Conclusion From the findings of the study we conclude that the predisposing factors and the precipitating factors resulted in the occurrence of onset of homelessness among the participants. Once homeless, the experiences of life as homeless, and the availability of the means to exit from it determined whether the participants would stay homeless or exit from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibrom Haile
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Halima Umer
- Clinical Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tolesa Fanta
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Birhanu
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Edao Fejo
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yirga Tilahun
- Clinical Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Derajew
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Agitu Tadesse
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Asrat Chaka
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Woynabeba Damene
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Haile K, Umer H, Ayano G, Fejo E, Fanta T. A qualitative exploration of substance misuse among homeless women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:204. [PMID: 32375717 PMCID: PMC7203867 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use among homeless people is higher compared to the general population. In some studies, reported rates of problematic drug use among the homeless vary, with estimates ranging from 25 to 70%. There is a common perception that substance abuse and homelessness are linked, but there is considerable debate about the direction of the relationship. Despite observations of high levels of substance use among the homeless population in Addis Ababa, there are limited studies to date conducted on the topic. This study aims to explore the factors associated with onset of substance use and its continued use, patterns of substance use and its social and health consequences among female residents of a shelter in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted in 2019. In-depth interviews were conducted on 14 study participants who were selected purposively. The qualitative data analysis software QDA Miner 5.0.30 was used for data processing and analysis. RESULTS Four major thematic areas were identified and they comprised the categories under which sub-themes were identified and coded. The major segments or categories included the following: reasons for the onset of substance use after becoming homeless, experiences of substance use and reasons for continued use, the harms which resulted on them from substance use, and the means of obtaining supply of the substances. CONCLUSION Factors related to life on streets were strong reasons for onset of substance use, as well as for its continued use. Homeless women suffered untimely death, addiction, and ill health from use of substances; however, they gave priority to obtaining substances than any other thing, and used every means to grab a supply of the substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibrom Haile
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Halima Umer
- Clinical Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getinet Ayano
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Edao Fejo
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tolesa Fanta
- Research and Training Department, St Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ayano G, Haile K, Tesfaye A, Haile K, Demelash S, Tulu M, Tsegaye B, Solomon M, Kebede A, Biru A, Birhanu H, Zenawi G, Habtamu Y, Kibron E, Eshetu S, Sefiw M, Assefa D, Yohannes Z. Undiagnosed HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections in people with severe psychiatric disorders in Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:180. [PMID: 32106864 PMCID: PMC7045486 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, there is limited epidemiologic evidence on the seroprevalence of undiagnosed chronic viral infections including HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among patients with severe psychiatric disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore and compare undiagnosed seroprevalence rates of HIV, HBV, and HCV infections among patients with severe psychiatric disorders. Method In this study, we included a random sample of 309 patients with severe psychiatric disorders selected by systematic sampling technique. We used a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID) to confirm the diagnosis of severe psychiatric disorders among the participants. Binary and multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for the potential confounding factors was used to explore the potential determinants of chronic viral infections. Result The prevalence estimates of HIV infection among patients with severe psychiatric disorders in this study (3.24%) was roughly 3 times the estimated population prevalence of HIV infection in Ethiopia (1.1%). This study showed that the prevalence rates of HBV and HCV infections among patients with severe psychiatric disorders were 4.85 and 1.29%, respectively. Our results also showed that among patients with chronic viral infections, HIV, HBV and HCV, 76.92, 60, 80, and 75% respectively were undiagnosed. Regarding associated factors, the presence of chronic viral infection was found to be significantly associated with the age of the participants (ranging between 30 and 40 years) after adjusting for the possible confounding factors [AOR = 3.95 (95%CI.18–13.17)]. Conclusion Even though the prevalence estimates of HIV (3.24%), HBV (4.85%), and HCV (1.29%) infections were high among patients with severe psychiatric disorders, the majority of them remained undiagnosed. HBV was found to be the commonly undiagnosed infection (4 out of 5) followed by HCV (3 out of 4) and HIV (6 out of 10). The present study provided evidence of a significant association between the age of the participant (between 30 and 40 years) and chronic viral infections in patients with severe psychiatric disorders. Increasing the awareness of psychiatry professionals and early screening, as well as interventions of chronic viral infections among patients with severe psychiatric disorders are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Westen Australia, Australia.
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Tesfaye
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Kelemua Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mikias Tulu
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Belachew Tsegaye
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melat Solomon
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alem Kebede
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aynalem Biru
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Habte Birhanu
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gebresilassie Zenawi
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yodit Habtamu
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Esias Kibron
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seneshet Eshetu
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Sefiw
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Assefa
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Yohannes
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box 171, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Belayneh Z, Abebaw D, Amare T, Haile K, Abebe Z. Perception regarding the causes of schizophrenia and associated factors among Feresbet district residents: a community based study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:338. [PMID: 30909977 PMCID: PMC6434636 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A wide variety of beliefs exist in the public towards schizophrenia. Community perception about the causes of schizophrenia can affect the way of seeking help, treatment outcomes, and community integration of individuals with schizophrenia. Therefore, assessing the community perception and associated factors about the causes of schizophrenia is vital. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among Feresbet district residents through a multi- stage sampling technique. A causal model questionnaire for schizophrenia (CMQS) was used to assess the perceived causes of schizophrenia. The collected data were explored to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bi-variable and multi variable logistic regression were computed to identify factors associated with the traditional perception about the causes of schizophrenia and the level of significance were determined at a P- value < 0.05 with 95% CI. Results Out of the total study participants, about 73.7% had the traditional perception regarding the causes of schizophrenia. According to multivariate analysis, female sex, no formal education, age ≥ 25 years, living in the extended family system, and being unemployed had a significant association with the traditional perception of the cause of schizophrenia. Conclusions The traditional perception of the cause of schizophrenia is higher than the bio-psycho-social view. Female sex, no formal education, age ≥ 25 years, living in an extended families and unemployed had a significant association with the traditional perception of the causes of schizophrenia. Therefore, giving special attention to females, uneducated and unemployed individual is crucial. In addition, older age and individuals living in extended family system need attention regarding the possible causes of schizophrenia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6678-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem Belayneh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Dessie Abebaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Amare
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Research and Training Directorate Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Abebe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Haile K, Umer H. The use of clozapine and clonazepam co-administration in the treatment of a severe tardive dyskinesia: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2019; 7:2050313X19833254. [PMID: 30834119 PMCID: PMC6393946 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x19833254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a case report of a patient who was treated with clozapine and clonazepam after he developed neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia following treatment for schizophrenia. There are reports of clozapine treatment itself causing tardive dyskinesia; however, more reports have shown clozapine’s benefit for patients with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. This is a case report of a patient with neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia who benefitted from clozapine treatment with adjuvant use of clonazepam – the first such case report from Ethiopia. A 43-year-old male patient developed severe involuntary abnormal body movements mainly involving the trunk after he received chlorpromazine for 8 years for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. When the movement disorder became intolerable and disabling, the diagnosis of severe neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia was established and the patient was started on clozapine with adjuvant clonazepam treatment. Following such management, the patient responded well and the dyskinetic movements were fully controlled, and the patient was able to work. Patients with severe and disabling neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia can be treated and be productive if they receive treatment with clozapine, with adjuvant use of clonazepam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibrom Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Halima Umer
- Clinical Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Mirkena Y, Reta MM, Haile K, Nassir Z, Sisay MM. Prevalence of depression and associated factors among older adults at ambo town, Oromia region, Ethiopia. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:338. [PMID: 30336773 PMCID: PMC6194620 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is an important public health concern due to its devastating morbidity and mortality among older adults. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among older adults (age ≥ 60 years) in Ambo Town, Ethiopia, 2016. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults in Ambo town from May to June 2016. Geriatric depression scale item 15 (GDS 15) was used to conduct face-to-face interviews with 800 study participants. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to calculate significance. RESULTS The prevalence of depression was found to be 41.8% [CI = 38.5%, 45.5%]. The multivariable logistic regression model revealed that female sex (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.66), trading (AOR = 2.44; 95% CI =1.32, 4.57), living with children (AOR = 3.19, 95% CI =1.14, 8.93) and retirement (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI = 2.11, 7.35) were associated with depression among older adults. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression among older adult was found to be high. Due emphasis needs to be given to screening and treating depression, especially among older females, retired individuals, adults living with children and merchants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Mirkena
- University of Gondar Teaching and Referral Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mebratu Mitiku Reta
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Amanuel Specialized Mental Health Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zebiba Nassir
- Amanuel Specialized Mental Health Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Malede Mequanent Sisay
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Fanta T, Haile K, Abebaw D, Assefa D, Hibdye G. Assessment of sexual dysfunction and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia in Ethiopia, 2017. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:158. [PMID: 29843656 PMCID: PMC5975573 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dysfunction is remarkably prevalent amongst psychiatric patients than general population. This might be due to either the nature of the illness itself or the unwanted effect of the medication they are taking for the illness which limits the capability of forming interpersonal and sexual relationships. This issue is rarely raised in developing countries, and the aim of this study was to assess magnitude and factors contributing to sexual dysfunction among patients with Schizophrenia. METHOD Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital from January to June 2017. The sample required for this study was determined by using single population proportion formula and the final sample size was 423; and systematic random sampling was used to select participants. We used Change in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire to measure sexual dysfunction. The collected data was cleaned, interred in to Epi data and transferred to SPSS version 20 for farther analysis. The OR with 95% CI was used to measure association and P-value < 0.05 was used as statistically significant. RESULT A total of 422 patients with Schizophrenia were involved in the study. The prevalence of General Sexual dysfunction was 82.7%; and in male and female patients the prevalence was 84.5 and 78.6% respectively. Marital status (Unmarried, Divorced and widowed, history of relapse and poor quality of life were associated significantly to global sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSION The magnitude of Sexual dysfunction was found to be high among patients with schizophrenia and it is associated with different factors like unmarried, divorced, widowed, relapse and poor quality of life. Treating physicians should be conscious to sexual dysfunction during evaluation and treatment of patients with Schizophrenia. Special attention should be given to single, divorced, widowed patients and patients with history of relapse to improve quality of life of this patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolesa Fanta
- Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital Research and Training Department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital Research and Training Department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Abebaw
- Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital Research and Training Department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Assefa
- Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Hibdye
- Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital Clinical Service Department, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ayano G, Tulu M, Haile K, Assefa D, Habtamu Y, Araya G, Yohannis Z. A systematic review and meta-analysis of gender difference in epidemiology of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections in people with severe mental illness. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2018; 17:16. [PMID: 29755578 PMCID: PMC5935990 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-018-0186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe mental disorders (SMDs) are associated with increased risk of infectious disease including human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and hepatitis viruses, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and other types of hepatitis viruses because of high-risk behaviors compared to the general population. The prevalence of HIV in people with SMDs is higher in females than in males. Unlike HIV, the prevalence of HBV and HCV is higher in males than in females. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence and estimated gender difference in the risk of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people with SMD. METHODS Literature search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. Publications were screened according to predefined inclusion criteria. A qualitative and quantitative analysis was undertaken for this systematic review. Eighteen materials published from 1993 to 2017 were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Random-effect model was used to calculate weighted prevalence, odds ratio (OR), and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS 12,290 citations were identified and 18 articles including 11,175 participants were included. The results of our meta-analysis show that the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people with SMD was 7.59% (95% CI 4.82-11.75), 15.63% (95% CI 7.19-30.69), and 7.21% (95% CI 4.44-11.50), respectively. The prevalence of HIV was higher in women (8.25%) than men (7.04%), but the prevalence of HBV and HCV was higher in men than women (18.91% versus 12.02% and 9.16% versus 5.43% for HBV and HCV in men versus women, respectively). A meta-analysis of included studies demonstrated a significantly increased risk of HBV (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.17-2.53) and HCV (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.16-3.20) infections in men compared to women in people with SMD. However, no significant association was observed between gender and HIV. The funnel plot and Egger's regression tests provided no evidence of substantial publication bias in the prevalence and gender difference in association for HIV, HBV, and HCV in people with SMD. CONCLUSIONS In our review, the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV was high. The prevalence of HBV is significantly higher than HIV and HCV. There was a significantly increased risk of HBV and HCV infections in men compared to women. No significant association was observed between gender and HIV. People with SMDs warrant greater emphasis in efforts to identify and treat HIV, HBV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mikiyas Tulu
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Assefa
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yodit Habtamu
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gebresilassie Araya
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Yohannis
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ayano G, Assefa D, Haile K, Chaka A, Haile K, Solomon M, Yohannis K, Adane AA, Jemal K. Correction to: Mental health training for primary health care workers and implication for success of integration of mental health into primary care: evaluation of effect on knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP). Int J Ment Health Syst 2017; 11:68. [PMID: 29155902 PMCID: PMC5681778 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-017-0175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Assefa
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Chaka
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kelemua Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melat Solomon
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kalkidan Yohannis
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kemal Jemal
- Academic and Research, College of Health Science, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
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Ayano G, Assefa D, Haile K, Chaka A, Haile K, Solomon M, Yohannis K, Awoke A, Jemal K. Mental health training for primary health care workers and implication for success of integration of mental health into primary care: evaluation of effect on knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP). Int J Ment Health Syst 2017; 11:63. [PMID: 29046715 PMCID: PMC5639774 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-017-0169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental disorders are always remained a neglected public health problems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), most people with mental disorders never receive effective care and there is a large treatment gap. In order to solve the problem integration of mental health into primary health care is recommended and in Ethiopia implementation of the scale of mental health services at primary health care level was started in 2014. For the success of the integration of mental health into primary health care, primary care health professionals are the key personnel who are responsible for the management of mental, neurologic and substance use disorders. However, proper training and education of primary care health professionals is mandatory for an optimal performance and success of integration. This interventional study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of mental health training course for scale up of mental health services at primary health care level in Ethiopia. Methods This quasi-experimental pre- and post-study design was conducted in Ethiopia from October to December 2016 using quantitative data collection methods. A total of 94 primary health care professionals were included in the study. The intervention was conducted by psychiatry professionals using standardized World Health Organization (WHO) Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) guide prepared for scaling up of mental health care through integration into primary health care (PHC) and general medical services. Pre- and post intervention assessment was done for knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP); and statistically analyzed. A paired sample t test with p values was performed to test the differences between the pre- and post-test. In additions mean and standard deviation of the responses were calculated. Overall the response rate was 100% at the end of the intervention. Results The study resulted in a significant improvement in knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of PHC workers about all the four mental, neurologic and substance use disorders during the post intervention survey (p < 0.05). Post intervention the knowledge of health professionals increased by 53.19% for psychosis, 42.56% for depression, 19.25% for epilepsy and 54.22% for alcohol use disorders. Similarly, post intervention attitude increased by 55.32% for psychosis, 40.42% for depression, 36.17% for epilepsy and 43.6% for alcohol use disorders. In addition, post intervention case identification rate increased by 62.78% for psychosis, 55.46% for depression, 21.35% for epilepsy and 41.49% for alcohol use disorders with significant p value (p < 0.05). Conclusions The study results suggest that mental health training could be an effective intervention for improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices among primary health care professionals regarding mental, neurologic and substance use disorders. Training is a prerequisite and vital to enhance the knowledge, attitude, and practice of primary care professionals which plays a significant role for the easy success of integrated care and treatment of mental, neurologic and substance use disorders into the existing general health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Assefa
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Chaka
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kelemua Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melat Solomon
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kalkidan Yohannis
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO Box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Akilew Awoke
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kemal Jemal
- Academic and Research, College of Health Science, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
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Haile K, Mehari B, Atlabachew M, S. Chandravanshi B. Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of cladodes of the two varieties of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) grown in Ethiopia. B CHEM SOC ETHIOPIA 2017. [DOI: 10.4314/bcse.v30i3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ayano G, Assefa D, Haile K, Chaka A, Solomon H, Hagos P, Yohannis Z, Haile K, Bekana L, Agidew M, Demise S, Tsegaye B, Solomon M. Mental, neurologic, and substance use (MNS) disorders among street homeless people in Ethiopia. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2017; 16:40. [PMID: 29176996 PMCID: PMC5693477 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-017-0163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 25-60% of the homeless population is reported to have some form of mental disorder. To our knowledge, there are no studies aimed at the screening, diagnosis, treatment, care, rehabilitation, and support of homeless people with mental, neurologic, and substance use (MNS) disorders in general in Ethiopia. This is the first study of its kind in Africa which was aimed at screening, diagnosis, care, treatment, rehabilitation, and support of homeless individuals with possible MNS disorder. METHODS Community-based survey was conducted from January to March 2015. Homeless people who had overt and observable psychopathology and positive for screening instruments (SRQ20, ASSIST, and PSQ) were involved in the survey and further assessed for possible diagnosis by structured clinical interview for DSM-IV diagnoses and international diagnostic criteria for seizure disorders for possible involvement in care, treatment, rehabilitation services, support, and training. The Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS version 20) was used for data entry, clearance, and analyses. RESULTS A total of 456 homeless people were involved in the survey. Majority of the participants were male (n = 402; 88.16%). Most of the homeless participants had migrated into Addis Ababa from elsewhere in Ethiopia and Eritrea (62.50%). Mental, neurologic, and substance use disorders resulted to be common problems in the study participants (92.11%; n = 420). Most of the participants with mental, neurologic, and substance use disorders (85.29%; n = 354) had psychotic disorders. Most of those with psychosis had schizophrenia (77.40%; n = 274). Almost all of the participants had a history of substance use (93.20%; n = 425) and about one in ten individuals had substance use disorders (10.54%; n = 48). Most of the participants with substance use disorder had comorbid other mental and neurologic disorders (83.33%; n = 40). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Mental, neurologic, and substance use disorders are common (92.11%) among street homeless people in Ethiopia. The development of centers for care, treatment, rehabilitation, and support of homeless people with mental, neurologic, and substance use disorders is warranted. In addition, it is necessary to improve the accessibility of mental health services and promote better integration between mental and primary health care services, as a means to offer a better general care and to possibly prevent homelessness among mentally ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Ayano
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Assefa
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kibrom Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Chaka
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Haddish Solomon
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Petros Hagos
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Yohannis
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kelemua Haile
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lulu Bekana
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Agidew
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seife Demise
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Belachew Tsegaye
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melat Solomon
- Research and Training Department, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, PO box: 1971, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Adelman MW, Tsegaye M, Kempker RR, Alebachew T, Haile K, Tesfaye A, Aseffa A, Blumberg HM. Intensified tuberculosis case finding among HIV-infected persons using a WHO symptom screen and Xpert(®) MTB/RIF. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:1197-203. [PMID: 26459533 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends active tuberculosis (TB) case-finding among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high-burden settings. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of combining a WHO-recommended symptom screen and the Xpert(®) MTB/RIF test to enhance TB case finding. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, PLHIV were screened for TB using a WHO-recommended symptom-based algorithm (cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss). Those with a positive symptom screen (⩾1 symptom) underwent diagnostic testing with smear microscopy, culture, and Xpert. RESULTS Of 828 PLHIV (89% on antiretroviral therapy), 321 (39%) had a positive symptom screen. In multivariate analysis, an unscheduled clinic visit (aOR 3.78, 95%CI 2.69-5.32), CD4 count <100 cells/μl (aOR 2.62, 95%CI 1.23-5.59) and previous history of TB (aOR 1.62, 95%CI 1.12-2.31) were predictors of a positive symptom screen. Among those with a positive symptom screen, 6% had active pulmonary TB. Smear microscopy sensitivity for TB was poor (30%) compared to culture and Xpert. CONCLUSIONS A positive symptom screen was common among PLHIV, creating a substantial laboratory burden. Smear microscopy had poor sensitivity for active TB disease. Given the high rate of positive symptom screen, substantial additional resources are needed to implement intensified TB case finding among PLHIV in high-burden areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Adelman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - M Tsegaye
- All Africa Leprosy Rehabilitation and Training Center Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - R R Kempker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - T Alebachew
- Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K Haile
- All Africa Leprosy Rehabilitation and Training Center Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A Tesfaye
- Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - H M Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Shilbe A, Yembo G, Wayesa D, Woyessa A, Anbessie T, Habtemichael A, Kebede Z, Haile K. Ethiopian dracunculiasis eradication, the end game challenges, 2015. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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21
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Haile K, Kebede T, Dekebo A. A comparative study of volatile components of propolis (bee glue) collected from Haramaya University and Assela Beekeeping Centers, Ethiopia. B CHEM SOC ETHIOPIA 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/bcse.v26i3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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22
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Brown S, McLaughlin M, Pope K, Haile K, Whitaker TJ, Hughes L, Israel P. Initial radiation experience evaluating early tolerance and toxicities in patients undergoing accelerated partial breast irradiation using the Contura™ multi-lumen balloon (MLB) breast brachytherapy catheter. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-5138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #5138
Purpose: We reviewed our institution's experience treating patients with the Contura™ Multi-Lumen Balloon (MLB) breast brachytherapy catheter to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) to determine short-term treatment efficacy, cosmesis, toxicity and additional dosimetric capabilities of the new APBI device.
 Materials and Methods: From 05/07 to 05/08, 41 patients, from a single surgeon (PI), were treated with breast conserving therapy (BCT) received adjuvant radiation using the Contura™ catheter (34 Gy in 3.4 Gy fractions). 13/41 patients (31.7%) had stage 0 disease, 21 (51.2%) had stage I and 7 (17.1%) had stage II breast cancer.
 For each patient, the dosimetric plan was customized using the 5 high dose rate brachytherapy channels of the Contura™ catheter by selecting from 45 different dwell positions (9 per catheter).
 Results: Median, minimum skin spacing was 10 mm (range 2 to 17). The median maximum skin dose (% of prescribed dose [PD]) was 99.7 (57.1 to 124.1). Eight patients were able to be treated with a skin spacing of 5 mm or less, 2 had spacing of 2 mm. The median maximum rib dose was 102.6 % of PD (10.0 to 187.7), median percentage of the planning target volume (PTV) receiving 95% of the PD was 98.8 (79.4 to 107.4) and the median volume receiving 200% of the PD was 5.7 cc (range 1.3 to 9.9).
 The percentage of patients with excellent/good cosmetic results at 3 and 6 months was 94% (16 evaluable patients) and 89% (9 evaluable patients), respectively. One patient developed skin ulceration after receiving chemotherapy. Patient tolerance was assessed on a scale 0-10 (0=no pain, 10 = requiring narcotic analgesics). In 37/38 (97.3%) patients, pain was graded ≤ 3 at the time of catheter insertion. Four transient breast infections (11%) developed and one transient symptomatic seroma developed (3%).
 Conclusion: Adjuvant APBI using the Contura™ MLB catheter exhibited similar toxicities to standard single-lumen balloon brachytherapy with absolute improvements in dosimetric capabilities (i.e., reduced skin dose, improved PTV coverage and normal tissue avoidance). With multiple lumen planning, more conformal dosimtery was achieved as compared to single-lumen balloon treatment. This allowed the treatment of 8 patients with skin spacing of 5 mm or less, normally not achievable with single-lumen balloon treatment.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5138.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brown
- 1 Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA
| | - M McLaughlin
- 1 Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA
| | - K Pope
- 2 Dept. of Radiation Physics, Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA
| | - K Haile
- 1 Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA
| | - TJ Whitaker
- 2 Dept. of Radiation Physics, Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA
| | - L Hughes
- 1 Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA
| | - P Israel
- 3 The Breast Center, Marietta, GA
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McLaughlin M, Whitaker T, Zolty P, Reyes M, Haile K. Using CyberKnife Radiosurgery for Salvage Treatment of Locally Failed Lung Cancer after Initial Treatment with Radiotherapy/Chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McLaughlin MP, Bordoni R, Whitaker T, Zolty P, Andrews M, Still T, Vanapalli J, Haile K. Consolidation therapy using cyberknife radiosurgery in NSCLC patients with low-volume residual disease upon completion of systemic therapy. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
18213 Background: Pts with unresectable IIIB and IV NSCLC with PS 0–1 are usually treated with chemotherapy (CH) ± targeted therapy (TT) with overall survival (OS) improvement. Upon completion, standard of care is observation. Pts eventually progress within 9 to 12 months. If still in good PS, they are treated with salvage CH or TT; otherwise, they receive palliative care. We evaluated 12 patients with PR to initial therapy, found to have small volume residual disease (SVRD) defined as one or two sites to receive “consolidation” local therapy with Cyberknife Radisurgery (CRS). Methods: Since September 2006, 12 pts with NSCLC, stage IIIB unresectable (3) or IV (9), median age 64 (range 61–78), adenocarcinoma (7), squamous cell carcinoma(5), 9 males, all ECOG PS 0–1, were treated with induction CH (carboplatin/paclitaxel ± bevacizumab, cisplatin/gencitabine) with PR. CT/PET imaging showed SVRD. Eight patients had only one site; four had 2. These patients received CRS consolidative therapy to the following areas: lung-9, mediastinal node - 3, adrenal-2, liver-2. CRS dose depended on the disease site. Peripheral lung lesions - 54 Gy in 3 fractions (fx); medistinal lesions - 50 Gy in 4 fx; adrenal - 24 Gy in 3 fx and liver - 16 Gy. in 1 fx. The primary end point was efficacy (response rate, time to progression in or out of the radiosurgical fields, and OS) compared with historical matched controls. The secondary end point was safety and tolerability of CRS. Results: After a median follow up period of 65 days, all evaluable pts are still alive and without clinical or radiological (CT/PET) evidence of disease progression in or outside the sites of CRS. The treatment was well tolerated with no Grade 3–5 complications. PS remained 0–1 in all patients. Conclusions: Patients with advanced NSCLC benefit from systemic therapy with symptoms control and improved QoL and OS. Upon completion of therapy, observation is the current standard or care. Patients with good PS and SVRD tolerated CRS consolidation therapy remarkably well and may benefit with added symptoms control, improved TTP and even OS. At the June meeting efficacy and toxicity data of a projected population of 30+ patients, with a medial follow up of 8 months, will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. McLaughlin
- North Georgia Radiation Therapy, Marietta, GA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Marietta, GA; Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA; Georgia Lung Associates, Marietta, GA; Northwest Georgia Oncology, Marietta, GA
| | - R. Bordoni
- North Georgia Radiation Therapy, Marietta, GA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Marietta, GA; Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA; Georgia Lung Associates, Marietta, GA; Northwest Georgia Oncology, Marietta, GA
| | - T. Whitaker
- North Georgia Radiation Therapy, Marietta, GA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Marietta, GA; Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA; Georgia Lung Associates, Marietta, GA; Northwest Georgia Oncology, Marietta, GA
| | - P. Zolty
- North Georgia Radiation Therapy, Marietta, GA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Marietta, GA; Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA; Georgia Lung Associates, Marietta, GA; Northwest Georgia Oncology, Marietta, GA
| | - M. Andrews
- North Georgia Radiation Therapy, Marietta, GA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Marietta, GA; Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA; Georgia Lung Associates, Marietta, GA; Northwest Georgia Oncology, Marietta, GA
| | - T. Still
- North Georgia Radiation Therapy, Marietta, GA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Marietta, GA; Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA; Georgia Lung Associates, Marietta, GA; Northwest Georgia Oncology, Marietta, GA
| | - J. Vanapalli
- North Georgia Radiation Therapy, Marietta, GA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Marietta, GA; Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA; Georgia Lung Associates, Marietta, GA; Northwest Georgia Oncology, Marietta, GA
| | - K. Haile
- North Georgia Radiation Therapy, Marietta, GA; Georgia Cancer Specialists, Marietta, GA; Wellstar Kennestone Hospital, Marietta, GA; Georgia Lung Associates, Marietta, GA; Northwest Georgia Oncology, Marietta, GA
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Haile K, Delclos L. The place of radiation therapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the distal end of the penis. Cancer 1980; 45:1980-4. [PMID: 7370947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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