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Boxhammer E, Dienhart C, Rezar R, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M. Deciphering the Role of microRNAs: Unveiling Clinical Biomarkers and Therapeutic Avenues in Atrial Fibrillation and Associated Stroke-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5568. [PMID: 38791605 PMCID: PMC11122365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs have been implicated in a variety of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathies of various geneses, rhythmological diseases, neurodegenerative illnesses and strokes. Numerous studies have focused on the expression of miRNA patterns with respect to atrial fibrillation (AF) or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) However, only a few studies have addressed the expression pattern of miRNAs in patients with AF and AIS in order to provide not only preventive information but also to identify therapeutic potentials. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize 18 existing manuscripts that have dealt with this combined topic of AF and associated AIS in detail and to shed light on the most frequently mentioned miRNAs-1, -19, -21, -145 and -146 with regard to their molecular mechanisms and targets on both the heart and the brain. From this, possible diagnostic and therapeutic consequences for the future could be derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Boxhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Christiane Dienhart
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepathology, Nephrology, Metabolism and Diabetology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Rezar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
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Gilyazova I, Asadullina D, Kagirova E, Sikka R, Mustafin A, Ivanova E, Bakhtiyarova K, Gilyazova G, Gupta S, Khusnutdinova E, Gupta H, Pavlov V. MiRNA-146a-A Key Player in Immunity and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12767. [PMID: 37628949 PMCID: PMC10454149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNA-146a, a single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecule, has emerged as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for numerous pathological conditions. Its primary function lies in regulating inflammatory processes, haemopoiesis, allergic responses, and other key aspects of the innate immune system. Several studies have indicated that polymorphisms in miRNA-146a can influence the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancer. One of the key mechanisms by which miRNA-146a exerts its effects is by controlling the expression of certain proteins involved in critical pathways. It can modulate the activity of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase, IRAK1, IRAK2 adaptor proteins, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) targeting protein receptor 6, which is a regulator of the TNF signalling pathway. In addition, miRNA-146a affects gene expression through multiple signalling pathways, such as TNF, NF-κB and MEK-1/2, and JNK-1/2. Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of miRNA-146a on cancer pathogenesis, revealing its involvement in the synthesis of stem cells, which contributes to tumourigenesis. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries that highlight the significant role played by miRNA-146a in regulating various defence mechanisms and oncogenesis. The aim of this review article is to systematically examine miRNA-146a's impact on the control of signalling pathways involved in oncopathology, immune system development, and the corresponding response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gilyazova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia (E.K.)
| | - Dilara Asadullina
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Evelina Kagirova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Ruhi Sikka
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Artur Mustafin
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Elizaveta Ivanova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia (E.K.)
| | - Ksenia Bakhtiyarova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Gulshat Gilyazova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia (E.K.)
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
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3
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Jiang H, Sun Z, Zhu X, Li F, Chen Q. Essential genes Ptgs2, Tlr4, and Ccr2 regulate neuro-inflammation during the acute phase of cerebral ischemic in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13021. [PMID: 37563282 PMCID: PMC10415315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is associated with changes in gene expression patterns in the ischemic penumbra and extensive neurovascular inflammation. However, the key molecules related to the inflammatory response in the acute phase of IS remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, conducted a study using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) on two gene expression profiles, GSE58720 and GSE202659, downloaded from the GEO database. We screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using GEO2R and analyzed 170 differentially expressed intersection genes for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. We also used Metascape, DAVID, STRING, Cytoscape, and TargetScan to identify candidate miRNAs and genes. The targeted genes and miRNA molecule were clarified using the mice middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) model. Our findings revealed that 170 genes were correlated with cytokine production and inflammatory cell activation, as determined by GO and KEGG analyses. Cluster analysis identified 11 hub genes highly associated with neuroinflammation: Ccl7, Tnf, Ccl4, Timp1, Ccl3, Ccr1, Sele, Ccr2, Tlr4, Ptgs2, and Il6. TargetScan results suggested that Ptgs2, Tlr4, and Ccr2 might be regulated by miR-202-3p. In the MCAO/R model, the level of miR-202-3p decreased, while the levels of Ptgs2, Tlr4, and Ccr2 increased compared to the sham group. Knockdown of miR-202-3p exacerbated ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) through neuroinflammation both in vivo and in vitro. Our study also demonstrated that mRNA and protein levels of Ptgs2, Tlr4, and Ccr2 increased in the MCAO/R model with miR-202-3p knockdown. These findings suggest that differentially expressed genes, including Ptgs2, Tlr4, and Ccr2 may play crucial roles in the neuroinflammation of IS, and their expression may be negatively regulated by miR-202-3p. Our study provides new insights into the regulation of neuroinflammation in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang Distict, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang Distict, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiwei Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang Distict, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang Distict, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Zhang WH, Jiang L, Li M, Liu J. MicroRNA‑124: an emerging therapeutic target in central nervous system disorders. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1215-1226. [PMID: 36961552 PMCID: PMC10129929 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of neuron and non-neuron cells including neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs), neuroblasts, glia cells (mainly astrocyte, oligodendroglia and microglia), which thereby form a precise and complicated network and exert diverse functions through interactions of numerous bioactive ingredients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), with small size approximately ~ 21nt and as well-documented post-transcriptional key regulators of gene expression, are a cluster of evolutionarily conserved endogenous non-coding RNAs. More than 2000 different miRNAs has been discovered till now. MicroRNA-124(miR-124), the most brain-rich microRNA, has been validated to possess important functions in the central nervous system, including neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, cell fate determination, neuron migration, synapse plasticity and cognition, cell apoptosis etc. According to recent studies, herein, we provide a review of this conversant miR-124 to further understand the potential functions and therapeutic and clinical value in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA Medical School/Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050010, China
| | - Lian Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050010, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050010, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA Medical School/Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China.
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chaoyang District, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Zhan L, Mu Z, Jiang H, Zhang S, Pang Y, Jin H, Chen J, Jia C, Guo H. MiR-21-5p protects against ischemic stroke by targeting IL-6R. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:101. [PMID: 36819547 PMCID: PMC9929760 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is a brain dysfunction disease caused by vascular obstruction. The expression of many kinds of microRNAs (miRNAs) is related to ischemic stroke. MiRNA has the ability to reduce or save ischemic injury. Therefore, we aimed to explore the protective miRNA in the ischemia-reperfusion process. Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) peripheral RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets of ischemic stroke patients were analyzed to search for differentially expressed miRNAs in the ischemia-reperfusion process. The expression level of miRNA in 60 patients with ischemic stroke and 23 age-matched healthy control inpatients was tested by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The significantly changed miRNAs were verified through comparison of the peripheral blood of healthy people and patients of the hospital. The in-vitro ischemia-reperfusion model was established through oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treated HEMC-1 cells. The cell viabilities and cell apoptosis are detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Apoptosis-related proteins including Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 expression levels were verified by western blot. Predict the combination of hsa-miR-21-5p and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) through TargetScan database, clone the 2964-2961 site of IL-6R-3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), establish IL-6R-3'-UTR and IL-6R-3'-UTR mutant plasmids, copy and clone wild type and mutant IL-6R-3'-UTR into luciferase report vector pGL3 respectively, and detect the activity of luciferase. The expression of hsa-miR-21-5p was regulated by using hsa-miR-21-5p mimic and hsa-miR-21-5p inhibitor. Results Through RNA-seq analysis, it was revealed that "hsa-miR-548ar-3p", "hsa-miR-651-5p", "hsa-miR-142-3p", "hsa-miR-21-5p", and "hsa-miR-30e-5p" were notably lower in ischemia patients, and that "hsa-miR-21-5p" was significantly decreased in the peripheral blood of hospital patients. Luciferase assay showed that hsa-miR-21-5p could directly bind to the 3'-UTR of the IL-6R gene and inhibit IL-6R translation; the level of IL-6R was also elevated in patients. In the OGD-treated HMEC-1 cells, overexpressed hsa-miR-21-5p mimic could enhance cell viabilities and decrease cell apoptosis. Moreover, IL-6R overexpression could reduce the protective effects of hsa-miR-21-5p. Conclusions In the peripheral blood of ischemia patients, hsa-miR-21-5p is significantly decreased and IL-6R is elevated. The "hsa-miR-21-5p" could bind to the IL-6R gene and suppress IL-6R expression, thus alleviating the damage of OGD treatment in HMEC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhuang Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shicun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Cuiying Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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Deng Y, Huang P, Zhang F, Chen T. Association of MicroRNAs With Risk of Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:865265. [PMID: 35665049 PMCID: PMC9160310 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.865265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to disease vulnerability. Studies have reported the involvement of miRNA in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of data from 6 studies that used a panel of miRNAs with altered expressions to diagnose ischemic stroke with the Bayesian framework. The I2 test and Cochran's Q-statistic were used to assess heterogeneity. Funnel plots were generated and publication bias was assessed using Begg and Egger tests. Results On summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) curve analysis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of altered miRNA expressions for diagnosis of ischemic stroke was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–0.97) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.71–0.90), respectively; the diagnostic odds ratio was 54.35 (95% CI 20.39–144.92), and the area under the SROC curve was 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.95). Conclusions Our results showed a link between dysregulation of miRNAs and the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Abnormal miRNA expression may be a potential biomarker for ischemic stroke.
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Bo C, Cao Y, Li S, Zhang H, Lu X, Kong X, Zhang S, Gao H, Wang J, Wang L. Construction Immune Related Feed-Forward Loop Network Reveals Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker as Potential Neuroprotective Drug for Ischemic Stroke. Front Genet 2022; 13:811571. [PMID: 35419038 PMCID: PMC8995882 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.811571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for the leading cause of disability and mortality in China. Increasing researchers are studying the effects of neuroprotective agents on IS. However, the molecular mechanisms of feed-forward loops (FFLs) associated with neuroprotection in the pathogenesis of IS need to be further studied. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of IS immune genes was constructed to decipher the characters and excavate 3 hub genes (PI3K, IL6, and TNF) of immunity. Then, we identified two hub clusters of IS immune genes, and the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was discovered on the pathway enrichment results of both clusters. Combined with GO enrichment analysis, the cytokines participate in the inflammatory response in the extracellular space of IS patients. Next, a transcription factor (TF)-miRNA-immune gene network (TMIGN) was established by extracting four regulatory pairs (TF-miRNA, TF-gene, miRNA-gene, and miRNA-TF). Then, we detected 3-node regulatory motif types in the TMIGN network. According to the criteria we set for defining 3-node motifs, the motif with the highest Z-score (3-node composite FFL) was picked as the statistically evident motif, which was merged to construct an immune-associated composite FFL motif-specific sub-network (IA-CFMSN), which contained 21 3-node FFLs composed of 13 miRNAs, 4 TFs, 9 immune genes, and 1 TF& immune gene, among which TP53 and VEGFA were prominent TF and immune gene, respectively. In addition, the immune genes in IA-CFMSN were used for identifying associated pathways and drugs to further clarify the immune regulation mechanism and neuroprotection after IS. As a result, 5 immune genes targeted by 20 drugs were identified and the Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) target AGTR1 was found to be a neuroprotective drug for IS. In the present study, the construction of IA-CFMSN provides IS immune-associated FFLs for further experimental studies, providing new prospects for the discovery of new biomarkers and potential drugs for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrui Bo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuze Cao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huixue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaotong Kong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Jin X, Li P, Michalski D, Li S, Zhang Y, Jolkkonen J, Cui L, Didwischus N, Xuan W, Boltze J. Perioperative stroke: A perspective on challenges and opportunities for experimental treatment and diagnostic strategies. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:497-509. [PMID: 35224865 PMCID: PMC8928912 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative stroke is an ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebral event during or up to 30 days after surgery. It is a feared condition due to a relatively high incidence, difficulties in timely detection, and unfavorable outcome compared to spontaneously occurring stroke. Recent preclinical data suggest that specific pathophysiological mechanisms such as aggravated neuroinflammation contribute to the detrimental impact of perioperative stroke. Conventional treatment options are limited in the perioperative setting due to difficult diagnosis and medications affecting coagulation in may cases. On the contrary, the chance to anticipate cerebrovascular events at the time of surgery may pave the way for prevention strategies. This review provides an overview on perioperative stroke incidence, related problems, and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Based on this analysis, we assess experimental stroke treatments including neuroprotective approaches, cell therapies, and conditioning medicine strategies regarding their potential use in perioperative stroke. Interestingly, the specific aspects of perioperative stroke might enable a more effective application of experimental treatment strategies such as classical neuroprotection whereas others including cell therapies may be of limited use. We also discuss experimental diagnostic options for perioperative stroke augmenting classical clinical and imaging stroke diagnosis. While some experimental stroke treatments may have specific advantages in perioperative stroke, the paucity of established guidelines or multicenter clinical research initiatives currently limits their thorough investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Department of Neurology and A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nadine Didwischus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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9
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Hu Y, Liu F, Peng W, Song S, Zhang C, Meng X. Overexpression of miR-99a in hippocampus leads to impairment of reversal learning in mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 416:113542. [PMID: 34425183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most common human genetic disorders, Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by a mild-to-moderate cognitive disability, which mainly results from genes overexpression on chromosome 21. The expression of miR-99a, a gene harboring on chromosome 21, is increased by 50 folds in DS brain samples. This study aims to investigate the effect of miR-99a overexpression in the hippocampus on mouse behaviors and explore the underlying mechanisms. Lentivirus vectors were delivered into the hippocampus for focal miR-99a overexpression in mice. Then behaviors were observed by an open field, elevated plus maze, rotarod motor test, and Morris water maze. The genes affected by miR-99a were identified by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in samples isolated from the hippocampus injected with lentivirus-GFP-miR-99a or lentivirus-GFP vectors. It was found that the expression of miR-99a with intrahippocampal delivery of lentivirus-GFP-miR-99a resulted in reversal learning impairment in mice although it had no influence on motor function and anxiety. Meanwhile, RNA-seq results showed that 92 genes including mRNAs and microRNAs were significantly regulated by miR-99a, consistent with qRT-PCR consequence. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-99a could directly bind to the 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR) of target genes (Clic6 and Kcnj13) with an inhibitory effect on their activity. Furthermore, we also found that miR-99a overexpression affected different biological processes by bioinformatic analyses. Our study showed that miR-99a overexpression in the hippocampus leads to cognitive impairment through regulating the expressions of various genes, which reveals a novel function of miR-99a and provides new insights into understanding the pathophysiologic process of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenpeng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuxin Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xianfang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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10
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Zhou X, Qi L. miR-124 Is Downregulated in Serum of Acute Cerebral Infarct Patients and Shows Diagnostic and Prognostic Value. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211035446. [PMID: 34702084 PMCID: PMC8554555 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211035446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cerebral infarct (ACI) is a severe subtype of ischemic stroke. microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of ACI. This study investigated the expression pattern and clinical implication of miR-124 in ACI patients. Serum samples were collected from 108 healthy people and 108 ACI patients at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Serum miR-124 expression was tested using qRT-PCR. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected using ELISA kits. The correlations between miR-124 expression and infarct classification, infarct size, risk factors, and inflammatory factors were analyzed. The diagnostic efficacy of miR-124 in ACI was analyzed by the ROC curve. ACI patients were assigned to the miR-124 high/low expression group and the incidence of poor prognosis was compared between the two groups. miR-124 expression was poorly expressed in the serum of ACI patients. The area under the ROC curve of miR-124 in the diagnosis of ACI was 0.9527, the specificity was 91.67%, and the sensitivity was 93.52%. miR-124 expression in ACI patients was not affected by infarct classification, infarct size, low-density lipoprotein level, and homocysteine level. miR-124 expression was negatively correlated with IL-6, IL-8, and CRP in ACI patients. Low expression of miR-124 was positively correlated with the poor prognosis of ACI. miR-124 was poorly expressed in the serum of ACI patients and served as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis. This study shall confer a promising novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of ACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhou
- Third Department of Encephalopathy, The East District of Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhong Qi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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11
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Recent Highlights of Research on miRNAs as Early Potential Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063153. [PMID: 33808800 PMCID: PMC8003798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications pose a serious threat to the life and health of patients around the world. The most dangerous complications of this disease are vascular complications. Microvascular complications of T2DM include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. In turn, macrovascular complications include coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The currently used diagnostic methods do not ensure detection of the disease at an early stage, and they also do not predict the risk of developing specific complications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, noncoding molecules that are involved in key processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent research has assigned them an important role as potential biomarkers for detecting complications related to diabetes. We suggest that utilizing miRNAs can be a routine approach for early diagnosis and prognosis of diseases and may enable the development of better therapeutic approaches. In this paper, we conduct a review of the latest reports demonstrating the usefulness of miRNAs as biomarkers in the vascular complications of T2DM.
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12
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Lian L, Zhang Y, Liu L, Yang L, Cai Y, Zhang J, Xu S. Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke: Focus on MicroRNA-mediated Polarization of Microglia. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:612439. [PMID: 33488360 PMCID: PMC7817943 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.612439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. Neuroinflammation is a major pathological event involved in the process of ischemic injury and repair. In particular, microglia play a dual role in neuroinflammation. During the acute phase of stroke onset, M2 microglia are the dominant phenotype and exert protective effects on neuronal cells, whereas permanent M1 microglia contribute to prolonged inflammation and are detrimental to brain tissue. Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) may have regulatory effects on microglia-associated inflammation. Thus, we briefly reviewed the dynamic response of microglia after a stroke and assessed how specific miRNAs affect the behavior of reactive microglia. We concluded that miRNAs may be useful novel therapeutic targets to improve stroke outcomes and modulate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lian
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunsha Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM. Tian Jin, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liji Yang
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yichen Cai
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
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13
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Badyra B, Sułkowski M, Milczarek O, Majka M. Mesenchymal stem cells as a multimodal treatment for nervous system diseases. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1174-1189. [PMID: 32573961 PMCID: PMC7519763 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a massive challenge for modern medicine. Apart from the fact that this group of diseases is the second leading cause of death worldwide, the majority of patients have no access to any possible effective and standardized treatment after being diagnosed, leaving them and their families helpless. This is the reason why such great emphasis is being placed on the development of new, more effective methods to treat neurological patients. Regenerative medicine opens new therapeutic approaches in neurology, including the use of cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on summarizing one of the cell sources that can be applied as a multimodal treatment tool to overcome the complex issue of neurodegeneration-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Apart from the highly proven safety of this approach, beneficial effects connected to this type of treatment have been observed. This review presents modes of action of MSCs, explained on the basis of data from vast in vitro and preclinical studies, and we summarize the effects of using these cells in clinical trial settings. Finally, we stress what improvements have already been made to clarify the exact mechanism of MSCs action, and we discuss potential ways to improve the introduction of MSC-based therapies in clinics. In summary, we propose that more insightful and methodical optimization, by combining careful preparation and administration, can enable use of multimodal MSCs as an effective, tailored cell therapy suited to specific neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Badyra
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Maciej Sułkowski
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Olga Milczarek
- Department of Children NeurosurgeryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
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14
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Smit-McBride Z, Nguyen AT, Yu AK, Modjtahedi SP, Hunter AA, Rashid S, Moisseiev E, Morse LS. Unique molecular signatures of microRNAs in ocular fluids and plasma in diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235541. [PMID: 32692745 PMCID: PMC7373301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this pilot study was to identify circulatory microRNAs in aqueous or plasma that were reflecting changes in vitreous of diabetic retinopathy patients. Aqueous, vitreous and plasma samples were collected from a total of 27 patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery: 11 controls (macular pucker or macular hole patients) and 16 with diabetes mellitus(DM): DM-Type I with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) (DMI-PDR), DM Type II with PDR(DMII-PDR) and DM Type II with nonproliferative DR(DMII-NPDR). MicroRNAs were isolated using Qiagen microRNeasy kit, quantified on BioAnalyzer, and profiled on Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 3.0 microarrays. Data were analyzed using Expression Console, Transcriptome Analysis Console, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The comparison analysis of circulatory microRNAs showed that out of a total of 847 human microRNA probes on the microarrays, common microRNAs present both in aqueous and vitreous were identified, and a large number of unique microRNA, dependent on the DM type and severity of retinopathy. Most of the dysregulated microRNAs in aqueous and vitreous of DM patients were upregulated, while in plasma, they were downregulated. Dysregulation of miRNAs in aqueous did not appear to be a good representative of the miRNA abundance in vitreous, or plasma, although a few potential candidates for common biomarkers stood out: let-7b, miR-320b, miR-762 and miR-4488. Additionally, each of the DR subtypes showed miRNAs that were uniquely dysregulated in each fluid (i.e. aqueous: for DMII-NPDR was miR-455-3p; for DMII-PDR was miR-296, and for DMI-PDR it was miR-3202). Pathway analysis identified TGF-beta and VEGF pathways affected. The comparative profiling of circulatory miRNAs showed that a small number of them displayed differential presence in diabetic retinopathy vs. controls. A pattern is emerging of unique molecular microRNA signatures in bodily fluids of DR subtypes, offering promise for the use of ocular fluids and plasma for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Smit-McBride
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Vitreoretinal Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anthony T. Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Vitreoretinal Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alfred K. Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Vitreoretinal Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sara P. Modjtahedi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Vitreoretinal Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Allan A. Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Vitreoretinal Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Saadia Rashid
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Vitreoretinal Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Elad Moisseiev
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Vitreoretinal Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. Morse
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Vitreoretinal Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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15
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Circulating microRNA after autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) injection in patients with ischemic stroke. J Investig Med 2019; 68:807-810. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the potential of microRNAs (miRNA) in the pathological process of stroke and functional recovery. Bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) transplantation improves recovery in experimental models of ischemic stroke that might be related with miRNA modifications. However, its effect on circulating miRNA has not been described in patients with stroke. We aimed to evaluate the circulating levels of miRNAs after autologous BM-MNC transplantation in patients with stroke. We investigate the pattern of miRNA-133b and miRNA-34a expression in patients with ischemic stroke included in a multicenter randomized controlled phase IIb trial (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT02178657). Patients were randomized to 2 different doses of autologous intra-arterial BM-MNC injection (2×106/kg or 5×106/kg) or control group within the first 7 days after stroke onset. We evaluate plasma concentration of miRNA-113b and miRNA-34a at inclusion and 4, 7, and 90 days after treatment. Thirteen cases (8 with 2×106/kg BM-MNC dose and 5 with 5×106/kg dose) and 11 controls (BM-MNC non-treated) were consecutively included. Mean age was 64.1±12.3 with a mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at inclusion of 14.5. Basal levels of miRNA were similar in both groups. miR-34a-5p and miR-133b showed different expression patterns. There was a significant dose-dependent increase of miRNA-34a levels 4 days after BM-MNC injection (fold change 3.7, p<0.001), whereas miRNA-133b showed a significant increase in the low-dose BM-MNC group at 90 days. Intra-arterial BM-MNC transplantation in patients with ischemic stroke seems to modulate early circulating miRNA-34a levels, which have been related to precursor cell migration in stroke and smaller infarct volumes.
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16
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Kotb HG, Ibrahim AH, Mohamed EF, Ali OM, Hassanein N, Badawy D, Abdelatty Aly E. The expression of microRNA 146a in patients with ischemic stroke: an observational study. Int J Gen Med 2019; 12:273-278. [PMID: 31496785 PMCID: PMC6691961 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s213535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim We conducted the present prospective study to assess the level of microRNA (miRNA) 146a in patients with ischemic stroke and its correlation with patients' characteristics. Methods We conducted an observational study that included adult patients (≥18 years old) who presented within 24 hrs after the onset of the symptoms of acute ischemic stroke. In addition, age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included as control group. The primary outcome in the present study was the difference in miRNA 146a expression between patients with ischemic stroke and control group participants. The expression of miRNA 146a was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Quantitative real-time PCR amplification and analysis were performed using Rotor-Gene Q thermal cycler. Results The present study included 44 patients with ischemic stroke and 22 matched controls. Regarding the primary outcome of the present study, the median expression of miRNA 146a in patients with ischemic stroke was -1.98 fold (IQR -27.1-3.9) compared to 1.75 fold (IQR -2.25-5.27) in control group (P<0.001). However, the subgroup analysis showed that the expression of miRNA 146a was significantly downregulated in comatosed patients only (P<0.001). The expression of miRNA 146a correlated negatively with Glasgow Coma Scale score in comatose patients (r=-0.352, P=0.022). Conclusion In conclusion, the expression of miRNA 146a is significantly downregulated in ischemic stroke patients. Further studies are needed to assess its diagnostic utility and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend G Kotb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal H Ibrahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman F Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omaima M Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Hassanein
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Badawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab Abdelatty Aly
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center of Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Wei R, Zhang L, Hu W, Wu J, Zhang W. Long non-coding RNA AK038897 aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via acting as a ceRNA for miR-26a-5p to target DAPK1. Exp Neurol 2019; 314:100-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Dissecting the role of miR-21 in different types of stroke. Gene 2019; 681:69-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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He HY, Ren L, Guo T, Deng YH. Neuronal autophagy aggravates microglial inflammatory injury by downregulating CX3CL1/fractalkine after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:280-288. [PMID: 30531011 PMCID: PMC6301168 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke often induces excessive neuronal autophagy, resulting in brain damage; meanwhile, inflammatory responses stimulated by ischemia exacerbate neural injury. However, interactions between neuronal autophagy and microglial inflammation following ischemic stroke are poorly understood. CX3CL1/fractalkine, a membrane-bound chemokine expressed on neurons, can suppress microglial inflammation by binding to its receptor CX3CR1 on microglia. In the present study, to investigate whether autophagy could alter CX3CL1 expression on neurons and consequently change microglial inflammatory activity, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established in Sprague-Dawley rats to model ischemic stroke, and tissues from the ischemic penumbra were obtained to evaluate autophagy level and microglial inflammatory activity. MCAO rats were administered 3-methyladenine (autophagy inhibitor) or Tat-Beclin 1 (autophagy inducer). Western blot assays were conducted to quantify expression of Beclin-1, nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB), light chain 3B (LC3B), and CX3CL1 in ischemic penumbra. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining was performed to quantify numbers of LC3B-, CX3CL1-, and Iba-1-positive cells in ischemic penumbra. In addition, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were utilized to analyze concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). A dry/wet weight method was used to detect brain water content, while 2,3,5,-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was utilized to measure infarct volume. The results demonstrated that autophagy signaling (Beclin-1 and LC3B expression) in penumbra was prominently activated by MCAO, while CX3CL1 expression on autophagic neurons was significantly reduced and microglial inflammation was markedly activated. However, after inhibition of autophagy signaling with 3-methyladenine, CX3CL1 expression on neurons was obviously increased, whereas Iba-1 and NF-κB expression was downregulated; TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2 levels were decreased; and cerebral edema was obviously mitigated. In contrast, after treatment with the autophagy inducer Tat-Beclin 1, CX3CL1 expression on neurons was further reduced; Iba-1 and NF-κB expression was increased; TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and PGE2 levels were enhanced; and cerebral edema was aggravated. Our study suggests that ischemia-induced neuronal autophagy facilitates microglial inflammatory injury after ischemic stroke, and the efficacy of this process may be associated with downregulated CX3CL1 expression on autophagic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun He
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yi-Hao Deng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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20
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Zhong F, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Q, Gao Z, Deng Y, Zhang L, Yu C. miR-145 eliminates lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammatory injury in human fibroblast-like synoviocyte MH7A cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:10059-10066. [PMID: 30191608 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been accepted that miR-based therapy may be beneficial for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to evaluate the potential involvement of miR-145 in RA in vitro. The expression of miR-145 in the human fibroblast-like synoviocyte line MH7A was overexpressed by miR-mimic transfection, after which cells were subjected to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Cell viability, apoptosis, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. The result showed that the apoptosis and the release of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly induced by LPS. Meanwhile, LPS treatment led to downregulation of miR-145. miR-145 overexpression in LPS-untreated MH7A cells had no impacts on cell apoptosis and inflammation. But, restoring miR-145 expression in LPS-stimulated cells by supplementation of a miR-145 mimic protected MH7A cells against LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation. Furthermore, miR-145 overexpression in LPS-untreated MH7A cells slightly blocked the PI3K/ATK and mTOR pathways, whereas miR-145 overexpression in LPS-stimulated cells notably repressed the LPS-induced activation of PI3K/ATK and MAPK/mTOR pathways. Our study suggested that miR-145 protected MH7A cells against LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Xirui Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaomeng Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
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Zhang QL, Wang W, Alatantuya, Dongmei, Lu ZJ, Li LL, Zhang TZ. Down-regulated miR-187 promotes oxidative stress-induced retinal cell apoptosis through P2X7 receptor. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:801-810. [PMID: 30170060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in the retina were confirmed to involve in retinal cell apoptosis, which was closely linked with the development of retinal diseases. Our previous studies have confirmed a vital role of miR-187 in retinal cells apoptosis. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the precise role of miR-187 and its probable mechanisms in RGC-5 cells apoptosis. The cellular oxidative stress status was assessed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Our results showed that the elevated pressure, glutamate and H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RGC-5 cells was accompanied by a decrease in miR-187 expression and an increase in P2X7R expression. However, overexpression of miR-187 reversed this activation of oxidative stress in RGC-5 cells. Moreover, we also revealed that miR-187 inhibited the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of RGC-5 cells through negative regulating P2X7R, probably through interacting with the 3'UTR of P2X7R. Finally, we confirmed that the forced miR-187 expression alleviated oxidative stress injury in retina tissues of rat models with chronic ocular hypertension. Our data demonstrated that miR-187/P2X7R signaling was involved in retinal cell apoptosis, at least in part, through activating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Li Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, No. 1742, HuoLinHe Street, Tongliao, Neimenggu 028050, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongliao Hospital, No. 668, KeErQin Street, Tongliao, Neimenggu 028000, China
| | - Alatantuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, No. 1742, HuoLinHe Street, Tongliao, Neimenggu 028050, China
| | - Dongmei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, No. 1742, HuoLinHe Street, Tongliao, Neimenggu 028050, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, No. 1742, HuoLinHe Street, Tongliao, Neimenggu 028050, China
| | - Lan-Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, No. 1742, HuoLinHe Street, Tongliao, Neimenggu 028050, China
| | - Tian-Zi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, No. 1742, HuoLinHe Street, Tongliao, Neimenggu 028050, China
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22
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Let-7a promotes microglia M2 polarization by targeting CKIP-1 following ICH. Immunol Lett 2018; 202:1-7. [PMID: 30053453 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microglia polarization plays a crucial role in initiating brain inflammatory injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Casein Kinase 2 Interacting Protein 1(CKIP-1) has been identified as a transcriptional molecular to manipulate microglia polarization. MiRNAs regulate gene expression and microglia polarization. In the experiment, CKIP-1 has been predicted as a target gene of let-7a. Let-7a, CKIP-1 and downstream proinflammatory mediator production of ICH mice were analyzed. In addition, inflammation, brain edema, and neurological functions in ICH mice were also assessed. Furthermore, let-7a mimic or inhibitors was administrated to study the potential role to manipulate microglia polarization after ICH. We reported that let-7a levels decreased but CKIP-1 levels increased after ICH. Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, it was demonstrated that CKIP-1 was the target gene of let-7a. Let-7a overexpression decreased the protein levels of CKIP-1 and inhibition of let-7a increased the protein levels of CKIP-1. In addition, our results indicate that let-7a could inhibit expression of proinflammatory cytokines, reduce brain edema, and improve neurological functions in ICH mice. The study indicated that CKIP-1 was a target gene of let-7a and that let-7a regulated microglia M2 polarization by targeting CKIP-1 following ICH.
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Ng GYQ, Yun-An L, Sobey CG, Dheen T, Fann DYW, Arumugam TV. Epigenetic regulation of inflammation in stroke. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418771815. [PMID: 29774056 PMCID: PMC5949939 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418771815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, treatments for clinical stroke are still limited only to the administration of tissue plasminogen activator and the recent introduction of mechanical thrombectomy, which can be used in only a limited proportion of patients due to time constraints. A plethora of inflammatory events occur during stroke, arising in part due to the body's immune response to brain injury. Neuroinflammation contributes significantly to neuronal cell death and the development of functional impairment and death in stroke patients. Therefore, elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying inflammatory damage following stroke injury will be essential for the development of useful therapies. Research findings increasingly point to the likelihood that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the pathophysiology of stroke. Epigenetics involves the differential regulation of gene expression, including those involved in brain inflammation and remodelling after stroke. Hence, it is conceivable that epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to differential interindividual vulnerability and injury responses to cerebral ischaemia. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the emerging role of epigenetics in the regulation of neuroinflammation in stroke. We also discuss potential epigenetic targets that may be assessed for the development of stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong-Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lim Yun-An
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Yang-Wei Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, MD9, Singapore School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Miao C, Yu H, Chang J, Zhang G, Zhou G, Zhao C. miR-148b-3p affects the pathogenesis of adjuvant-induced arthritis rats through the direct target DNMT1. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:43-52. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1442441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, 4th Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Chuanlei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
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