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A Transgenic 5xFAD-M Line of Mice for Dendritic Spine Morphology Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020307. [PMID: 36831849 PMCID: PMC9954381 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are closely related to synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Functional changes in synaptic contacts are reflected in dendritic spine morphology. Visualization of neurons for morphological studies in vivo is complicated by the fixed brain slice staining or expensive adeno-associated virus injections. We created a transgenic 5xFAD-M line of mice with AD-associated mutations and expressed GFP protein in single neurons of the brain. This mouse model of AD is a useful tool for the simplified visualization of the hippocampal neurons' morphology in vivo without additional staining manipulations. The progressive elimination of mushroom spines was demonstrated in 5xFAD-M mice between 4 and 5 months of age. Five-month-old 5xFAD-M male and female mice showed change both in the total density and the mushroom spines number compared to sex-matched control. We conclude 5xFAD-M mice can be a useful AD model for studying the mechanisms of synaptic pathology under neurodegenerative conditions and evaluating the effects of potential therapeutic agents on spine morphology as crucial aspect of memory loss in AD.
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Chen C, Ma X, Wei J, Shakir N, Zhang JK, Zhang L, Nehme A, Cui Y, Ferguson D, Bai F, Qiu S. Early impairment of cortical circuit plasticity and connectivity in the 5XFAD Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:371. [PMID: 36075886 PMCID: PMC9458752 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are expressed throughout the life span. How these risk factors affect early brain development and function remain largely unclear. Analysis of animal models with high constructive validity for AD, such as the 5xFAD mouse model, may provide insights on potential early neurodevelopmental effects that impinge on adult brain function and age-dependent degeneration. The 5XFAD mouse model over-expresses human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) harboring five familial AD mutations. It is unclear how the expression of these mutant proteins affects early developing brain circuits. We found that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) layer 5 (L5) neurons in 5XFAD mice exhibit transgenic APP overloading at an early post-weaning age. Impaired synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation, LTP) was seen at 6-8 weeks age in L5 PFC circuit, which was correlated with increased intracellular APP. APP overloading was also seen in L5 pyramidal neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) during the critical period of plasticity (4-5 weeks age). Whole-cell patch clamp recording in V1 brain slices revealed reduced intrinsic excitability of L5 neurons in 5XFAD mice, along with decreased spontaneous miniature excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Functional circuit mapping using laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) combined with glutamate uncaging uncovered reduced excitatory synaptic connectivity onto L5 neurons in V1, and a more pronounced reduction in inhibitory connectivity, indicative of altered excitation and inhibition during VC critical period. Lastly, in vivo single-unit recording in V1 confirmed that monocular visual deprivation-induced ocular dominance plasticity during critical period was impaired in 5XFAD mice. Our study reveals plasticity deficits across multiple cortical regions and indicates altered early cortical circuit developmental trajectory as a result of mutant APP/PS1 over-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008 China ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Xiaokuang Ma
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Jing Wei
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Neha Shakir
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Jessica K. Zhang
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Le Zhang
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Antoine Nehme
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Yuehua Cui
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Deveroux Ferguson
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Companys-Alemany J, Turcu AL, Schneider M, Müller CE, Vázquez S, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M. NMDA receptor antagonists reduce amyloid-β deposition by modulating calpain-1 signaling and autophagy, rescuing cognitive impairment in 5XFAD mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:408. [PMID: 35810220 PMCID: PMC9271115 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overstimulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is the leading cause of brain excitotoxicity and often contributes to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. This study aimed to evaluate a new NMDA receptor antagonist (UB-ALT-EV) and memantine in 6-month-old female 5XFAD mice that were exposed orally to a chronic low-dose treatment. Behavioral and cognitive tests confirmed better cognitive performance in both treated groups. Calcium-dependent protein calpain-1 reduction was found after UB-ALT-EV treatment but not after memantine. Changes in spectrin breakdown products (SBDP) and the p25/p35 ratio confirmed diminished calpain-1 activity. Amyloid β (Aβ) production and deposition was evaluated in 5XFAD mice and demonstrated a robust effect of NMDAR antagonists on reducing Aβ deposition and the number and size of Thioflavin-S positive plaques. Furthermore, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) active form and phosphorylated tau (AT8) levels were diminished after UB-ALT-EV treatment, revealing tau pathology improvement. Because calpain-1 is involved in autophagy activation, autophagic proteins were studied. Strikingly, results showed changes in the protein levels of unc-51-like kinase (ULK-1), beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3(LC3B-II)/LC3B-I ratio, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) after NMDAR antagonist treatments, suggesting an accumulation of autophagolysosomes in 5XFAD mice, reversed by UB-ALT-EV. Likewise, treatment with UB-ALT-EV recovered a WT mice profile in apoptosis markers Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. In conclusion, our results revealed the potential neuroprotective effect of UB-ALT-EV by attenuating NMDA-mediated apoptosis and reducing Aβ deposition and deposition jointly with the autophagy rescue to finally reduce cognitive alterations in a mice model of familial AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Companys-Alemany
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry. Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreea L Turcu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry. Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marion Schneider
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry. Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry. Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry. Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Li DQ, Jiang F, Zhang HS, Zheng LJ, Wang QJ, Fu R, Liu XG, Gao PY. Network pharmacology-based approach to investigate the mechanisms of Zingiber officinale Roscoe in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14068. [PMID: 35128682 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are chronic neurological disorders associated with cognitive or motor dysfunction. As a common spice, Zingiber officinale Roscoe has been used as a medicine to treat a variety of NDDs. However, at the molecular level, the mechanisms of Z. officinale in treating of NDDs have not been deeply investigated. In this study, network pharmacology method, molecular docking, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were used to predict the mechanisms of Z. officinale in the treatment of NDDs. After a series of biological information analyses, five core targets were obtained, including heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT), and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Compounds 75, 68, 46, 67, 69, 49, 66, 50, 34, and 64 were identified as the main components of Z. officinale in the treatment of NDDs. The crucial pathways mainly include neuroactive ligand-receptor signaling pathways, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathways, dopamine synaptic signaling pathways, and so on. Besides, in vitro experiments by AChE inhibitory activities assay and neuroprotective activities against H2 O2 -induced injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells validated the reliability of the results of network analysis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Zingiber officinale Roscoe is widely used as a traditional spice and herbal medicine. It contains a number of active ingredients, which have shown activities on anti-neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). In this paper, the potential mechanism of Z. officinale in the treatment of NDDs is explored through network pharmacology, and it was verified by in vitro experiments. The mechanism was not only clarified at the system level but also proved to be effective at the biological level. The results can be used as a reference for Z. officinale in the treating of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qi Li
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, PR China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Fan Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Han-Shuo Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Lian-Jun Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Qing-Jie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ran Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xue-Gui Liu
- Institute of Functional Molecules, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, PR China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Development of Boron and Magnesium Resources and Fine Chemical Technology, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Pin-Yi Gao
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Green Functional Molecular Design and Development, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, PR China
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, PR China
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Zhao X, He C, Wang S, Lei Y, Niu Q. The association between blood lymphocyte NMDAR, group I mGluRs and cognitive function changes in occupationally aluminum-exposed workers and verification in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 69:126875. [PMID: 34673477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have shown that occupational aluminum (Al) exposure could affect the cognitive functions of workers and cause mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Glutamate receptors (GluRs) play an important role in learning and memory functions. METHODS 352 workers in a large Al production enterprise were investigated in this research. MMSE, CDT, DST, VFT, FOM were used to evaluate the cognitive functions of workers. Plasma Al levels as exposure indices were measured by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Method (GFAAS). The expression of GluRs was measured by ELISA. Cognitive function comprehensive scores were obtained through factor analysis. Then a rat model of chronic AlCl3 exposure was established. The detection method of Al levels and protein expression were the same as mentioned-above. RESULTS Compared with the Q1 group, the DST, VFT, and comprehensive cognitive function scores of the Q4 group were lower(P < 0.05). For every 1μg/L increase in plasma Al concentration, the risk of cognitive impairment increases 1.051 times (95 %CI:1.031,1.072). Both NMDAR1 and NMDAR2A protein expression level of Q1 group were higher than those of Q2, Q3, Q4 group (all P < 0.05). The mediating effect ratio of NMDAR1 between plasma Al levels and cognitive function comprehensive scores was a1*b1/c=11.30 %, and the mediating effect ratio of NMDAR2A was |a2*b2/c|=21.77 %. Compared with control group, the escape latency of rats in the high Al dose group was longer day by day (P < 0.05). With the increase of Al dose, the relative expression of NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, NMDAR2B, GluR1 and mGluR5 in cerebral cortex and lymphocytes of rats were decreased (P < 0.05). The result of correlation analysis on NMDAR1 protein expression between brain cortex and lymphocyte showed that the correlation coefficient is r = 0.646(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Taking together the results from both Al exposed workers and animal, there is a certain correlation between NMDAR1 protein contents of brain cortex and peripheral lymphocytes. We propose that lymphocyte NMDAR1 could be considered as a peripheral potential marker of cognitive impairment for further observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Chanting He
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazard and Health of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Cellular Physiology of Education Ministry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
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6
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Li Y, Zhu K, Li N, Wang X, Xiao X, Li L, Li L, He Y, Zhang J, Wo J, Cui Y, Huang H, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang X, Zheng Y. Reversible GABAergic dysfunction involved in hippocampal hyperactivity predicts early-stage Alzheimer disease in a mouse model. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:114. [PMID: 34127063 PMCID: PMC8204558 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal hyperactivity related to β-amyloid (Aβ) is considered an early warning sign of Alzheimer disease (AD). Although increasing evidence supports this opinion, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. METHODS Here, we recorded whole-cell synaptic currents and membrane potentials using patch clamping of acute hippocampal slices from human amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 transgenic (5XFAD) mice and their wild-type littermates. Biochemical methods, electron microscopic imaging, behavioral tests, and intraventricular drug delivery applied with osmotic pumps were used in this study. RESULTS We confirmed hyperactivity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in 5XFAD mice using whole-cell electrophysiological recording at 2.5 months old, when local Aβ-positive plaques had not developed and only mild cognitive dysfunction occurred. We further discovered attenuated inhibitory postsynaptic currents and unchanged excitatory postsynaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons, in which the intrinsic excitability was unchanged. Moreover, the density of both γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor subunits, α1 and γ2, was reduced in synapses of the hippocampus in transgenic mice. Intriguingly, early intervention with the GABAA receptor agonist gaboxadol reversed the hippocampal hyperactivity and modestly ameliorated cognitive performance in 5XFAD mice under our experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS Inhibitory postsynaptic disruption critically contributes to abnormalities in the hippocampal network and cognition in 5XFAD mice and possibly in AD. Therefore, strengthening the GABAergic system could be a promising therapy for AD in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
| | - Xuansheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
| | - Linying Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyang Wo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiu Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing, China
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Livingstone RW, Elder MK, Singh A, Westlake CM, Tate WP, Abraham WC, Williams JM. Secreted Amyloid Precursor Protein-Alpha Enhances LTP Through the Synthesis and Trafficking of Ca 2+-Permeable AMPA Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:660208. [PMID: 33867938 PMCID: PMC8047154 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.660208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of AMPA receptor expression by neuronal activity and neuromodulators is critical to the expression of both long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory. In particular, Ca2+-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPAR) play a unique role in these processes due to their transient, activity-regulated expression at synapses. Secreted amyloid precursor protein-alpha (sAPPα), a metabolite of the parent amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been previously shown to enhance hippocampal LTP as well as memory formation in both normal animals and in Alzheimer’s disease models. In earlier work we showed that sAPPα promotes trafficking of GluA1-containing AMPARs to the cell surface and specifically enhances synthesis of GluA1. To date it is not known whether de novo synthesized GluA1 form CP-AMPARs or how they contribute to sAPPα-mediated plasticity. Here, using fluorescent non-canonical amino acid tagging–proximity ligation assay (FUNCAT-PLA), we show that brief treatment of primary rat hippocampal neurons with sAPPα (1 nM, 30 min) rapidly enhanced the cell-surface expression of de novo GluA1 homomers and reduced levels of de novo GluA2, as well as extant GluA2/3-AMPARs. The de novo GluA1-containing AMPARs were localized to extrasynaptic sites and later internalized by sAPPα-driven expression of the activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein, Arc. Interestingly, longer exposure to sAPPα increased synaptic levels of GluA1/2 AMPARs. Moreover, the sAPPα-mediated enhancement of LTP in area CA1 of acute hippocampal slices was dependent on CP-AMPARs. Together, these findings show that sAPPα engages mechanisms which specifically enhance the synthesis and cell-surface expression of GluA1 homomers, underpinning the sAPPα-driven enhancement of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys W Livingstone
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Megan K Elder
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anurag Singh
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Courteney M Westlake
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warren P Tate
- Department of Biochemistry, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wickliffe C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joanna M Williams
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand - Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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8
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Liu N, Zeng L, Zhang YM, Pan W, Lai H. Astaxanthin alleviates pathological brain aging through the upregulation of hippocampal synaptic proteins. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1062-1067. [PMID: 33269751 PMCID: PMC8224122 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is currently considered to be the main cause of brain aging. Astaxanthin can improve oxidative stress under multiple pathological conditions. It is therefore hypothesized that astaxanthin might have therapeutic effects on brain aging. To validate this hypothesis and investigate the underlying mechanisms, a mouse model of brain aging was established by injecting amyloid beta (Aβ)25–35 (5 μM, 3 μL/injection, six injections given every other day) into the right lateral ventricle. After 3 days of Aβ25–35 injections, the mouse models were intragastrically administered astaxanthin (0.1 mL/d, 10 mg/kg) for 30 successive days. Astaxanthin greatly reduced the latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze, increased the number of crossings of the target platform, and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, synaptophysin, sirtuin 1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α. Intraperitoneal injection of the sirtuin 1 inhibitor nicotinamide (500 μM/d) for 7 successive days after astaxanthin intervention inhibited these phenomena. These findings suggest that astaxanthin can regulate the expression of synaptic proteins in mouse hippocampus through the sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α signaling pathway, which leads to improvements in the learning, cognitive, and memory abilities of mice. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee, China Medical University, China (approval No. CMU2019294) on January 15, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- 1Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wang Pan
- Department of Neurobiology of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong Lai
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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9
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Wang X, Meng ZX, Chen YZ, Li YP, Zhou HY, Yang M, Zhao TT, Gong YL, Wu Y, Liu T. Enriched environment enhances histone acetylation of NMDA receptor in the hippocampus and improves cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2327-2334. [PMID: 32594057 PMCID: PMC7749489 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.285005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of age-associated memory impairment may be associated with glutamate receptor function and chromatin modification. To observe the effect of an enriched environment on the cognitive function of mice with age-associated memory impairment, 3-month-old C57BL/6 male mice ("young" mice) were raised in a standard environment, while 24-month-old C57BL/6 male mice with memory impairment ("age-associated memory impairment" mice) were raised in either a standard environment or an enriched environment. The enriched environment included a variety of stimuli involving movement and sensation. A water maze test was then used to measure cognitive function in the mice. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were used to detect right hippocampal GluN2B mRNA as well as protein expression of GluN2B and CREB binding protein in all mice. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to measure the extent of histone acetylation of the hippocampal GluN2B gene promoters. Compared with the young mice, the water maze performance of age-associated memory impairment mice in the standard environment was significantly decreased. In addition, there were significantly lower levels of total histone acetylation and expression of CREB binding protein in the hippocampus of age-associated memory impairment mice in the standard environment compared with the young mice. There were also significantly lower levels of histone acetylation, protein expression, and mRNA expression of GluN2B in the hippocampus of these mice. In contrast, in the age-associated memory impairment mice with the enriched environment intervention, the water maze performance and molecular biological indexes were significantly improved. These data confirm that an enriched environment can improve cognitive dysfunction in age-associated memory impairment mice, and suggest that the mechanisms may be related to the increased expression of CREB binding protein and the increased degree of total histone acetylation in the hippocampus of age-associated memory impairment mice, which may cause the increase of histone acetylation of GluN2B gene promoter and the enhancement of GluN2B mRNA transcription and protein expression in hippocampus. The animal experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Yangzhou University, China (approval No. 20170312001) in March 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying-Zhu Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Lai Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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10
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Martín-Belmonte A, Aguado C, Alfaro-Ruíz R, Itakura M, Moreno-Martínez AE, de la Ossa L, Molnár E, Fukazawa Y, Luján R. Age-Dependent Shift of AMPA Receptors From Synapses to Intracellular Compartments in Alzheimer's Disease: Immunocytochemical Analysis of the CA1 Hippocampal Region in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:577996. [PMID: 33132900 PMCID: PMC7572859 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.577996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss occurs early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and animal models. Alterations at synaptic level are a major morphological correlate of the memory deficits and related symptoms of AD. Given the predominant roles of synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain, changes in their dynamic regulation are also implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. Here, we used immunolocalization techniques to analyze the expression and subcellular distribution of AMPARs in the hippocampal region of APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. Immunoblots and histoblots revealed that the total amount of AMPARs and their regional expression pattern in the hippocampus was similar in APP/PS1 mice and in age-matched wild type mice. At the ultrastructural level, two synapse populations were examined using SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling in the stratum radiatum in mice: (i) on spines of CA1 pyramidal cells; and (ii) on randomly found dendritic shafts of CA1 interneurons. While 1- and 6-months-old APP/PS1 mice exhibited no change, we observed a significant reduction at 12 months in AMPAR density at synapses in both pyramidal cells and interneurons, compared to wild-type. This reduction of AMPARs in dendritic spines was accompanied by a significant increase in AMPAR subunit proteins identified in intracellular compartments. Our data demonstrate an age-dependent reduction of synaptic AMPARs in APP/PS1 mice, which may contribute to impaired learning and memory at later stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martín-Belmonte
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carolina Aguado
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Rocío Alfaro-Ruíz
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
| | - Ana Esther Moreno-Martínez
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Luis de la Ossa
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Elek Molnár
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Life Science Innovation Center, Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Rafael Luján
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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11
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O'Connor M, Shentu YP, Wang G, Hu WT, Xu ZD, Wang XC, Liu R, Man HY. Acetylation of AMPA Receptors Regulates Receptor Trafficking and Rescues Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease. iScience 2020; 23:101465. [PMID: 32861999 PMCID: PMC7476873 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), decreases in the amount and synaptic localization of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) result in weakened synaptic activity and dysfunction in synaptic plasticity, leading to impairments in cognitive functions. We have previously found that AMPARs are subject to lysine acetylation, resulting in higher AMPAR stability and protein accumulation. Here we report that AMPAR acetylation was significantly reduced in AD and neurons with Aβ incubation. We identified p300 as the acetyltransferase responsible for AMPAR acetylation and found that enhancing GluA1 acetylation ameliorated Aβ-induced reductions in total and cell-surface AMPARs. Importantly, expression of acetylation mimetic GluA1 (GluA1-4KQ) in APP/PS1 mice rescued impairments in synaptic plasticity and memory. These findings indicate that Aβ-induced reduction in AMPAR acetylation and stability contributes to synaptopathy and memory deficiency in AD, suggesting that AMPAR acetylation may be an effective molecular target for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O'Connor
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yang-Ping Shentu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wen-Ting Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., L-603, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Embryonic proteoglycans regulate monoamines in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104838. [PMID: 32853753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using the rat Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like model we have analyzed the hippocampal short-term potentiation, levels of monoamines, and morphological changes in the hippocampal and cortical neurons after the administration of proteoglycans of embryonic origin (PEG). Results showed that the levels of monoamines and especially norepinephrine in the target AD brain structures were found elevated, except serotonin, which was unaffected in the hippocampus, but decreased in the frontal cortex. These changes were accompanied by the substantial structural damage of cortical and hippocampal neurons. PEG was able to reverse most of these changes. In addition, PEG administration had regime-dependent effects on a short-term potentiation pattern of hippocampal neurons. The elevated levels of key elements of brain monoaminergic system in the model of AD support the hypothesis of the important role of monoamines in the excessive synaptic excitation resulting in cognitive dysfunction in AD brain. The neuroprotective effect of PEG, as manifested by the recovery of the monoaminergic system, suggests this bioactive substance as a perspective therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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13
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Ahmad F, Liu P. Synaptosome as a tool in Alzheimer's disease research. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147009. [PMID: 32659233 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Synapse dysfunction is an integral feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. In fact, prodromal manifestation of structural and functional deficits in synapses much prior to appearance of overt pathological hallmarks of the disease indicates that AD might be considered as a degenerative disorder of the synapses. Several research instruments and techniques have allowed us to study synaptic function and plasticity and their alterations in pathological conditions, such as AD. One such tool is the biochemically isolated preparations of detached and resealed synaptic terminals, the "synaptosomes". Because of the preservation of many of the physiological processes such as metabolic and enzymatic activities, synaptosomes have proved to be an indispensable ex vivo model system to study synapse physiology both when isolated from fresh or cryopreserved tissues, and from animal or human post-mortem tissues. This model system has been tremendously successful in the case of post-mortem tissues because of their accessibility relative to acute brain slices or cultures. The current review details the use of synaptosomes in AD research and its potential as a valuable tool in furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis and in devising and testing of therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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14
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Kim DH, Kim HA, Han YS, Jeon WK, Han JS. Recognition memory impairments and amyloid-beta deposition of the retrosplenial cortex at the early stage of 5XFAD mice. Physiol Behav 2020; 222:112891. [PMID: 32442584 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of AD are critical for delaying its progression. The present study, therefore, examined the cognitive status and neuropathological characteristics of 4-month-old 5X familial AD (5XFAD) transgenic (Tg) mice, as an early stage of AD animal model. The novel object recognition task was performed with retention tests at varying intervals (i.e., 10 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h) to measure the retention capacity of recognition memory of 5XFAD mice. At the 4h retention interval, 5XFAD mice exhibited worse performances than non-Tg control mice. Therefore, using amyloid-beta (Aβ) 42- and 4G8-immunoreactive plaques, the accumulation of Aβ was examined in the gray and white matter of the system that was necessary for the retention of recognition memory, with a focus on the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex. The expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1) was also examined to measure microglial activation. The immunohistological analysis of Aβ and Iba-1 revealed that the retrosplenial cortex was the most affected region in the brains of 4-month-old 5XFAD mice. These findings indicate that the cognitive and neuropathological characteristics of 4-month-old 5XFAD mice would provide a research platform for studying early diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-A Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Sun Han
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Jeon
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, The Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Lander SS, Chornyy S, Safory H, Gross A, Wolosker H, Gaisler‐Salomon I. Glutamate dehydrogenase deficiency disrupts glutamate homeostasis in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and impairs recognition memory. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12636. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergiy Chornyy
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Hazem Safory
- Department of Biochemistry, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Amit Gross
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Herman Wolosker
- Department of Biochemistry, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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