1
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Hasaniani N, Nouri S, Shirzad M, Rostami-Mansoor S. Potential therapeutic and diagnostic approaches of exosomes in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Life Sci 2024; 347:122668. [PMID: 38670451 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are bilayer lipid vesicles that are released by cells and contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. They can be internalized by other cells, inducing inflammatory responses and instigating toxicities in the recipient cells. Exosomes can also serve as therapeutic vehicles by transporting protective cargo to maintain homeostasis. Multiple studies have shown that exosomes can initiate and participate in the regulation of neuroinflammation, improve neurogenesis, and are closely related to the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Exosomes can be secreted by both neurons and glial cells in the CNS, and their contents change with disease occurrence. Due to their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and their stability in peripheral fluids, exosomes are attractive biomarkers of CNS diseases. In recent years, exosomes have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for CNS diseases, including MS. However, the molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of MS are still unknown, and further research is needed to fully understand the role of exosomes in the occurrence or improvement of MS disease. Thereby, in this review, we intend to provide a more complete understanding of the pathways in which exosomes are involved and affect the occurrence or improvement of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Hasaniani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sina Nouri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami-Mansoor
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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2
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Amiri M, Kaviari MA, Rostaminasab G, Barimani A, Rezakhani L. A novel cell-free therapy using exosomes in the inner ear regeneration. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102373. [PMID: 38640600 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cellular and molecular alterations associated with hearing loss are now better understood with advances in molecular biology. These changes indicate the participation of distinct damage and stress pathways that are unlikely to be fully addressed by conventional pharmaceutical treatment. Sensorineural hearing loss is a common and debilitating condition for which comprehensive pharmacologic intervention is not available. The complex and diverse molecular pathology that underlies hearing loss currently limits our ability to intervene with small molecules. The present review focuses on the potential for the use of extracellular vesicles in otology. It examines a variety of inner ear diseases and hearing loss that may be treatable using exosomes (EXOs). The role of EXOs as carriers for the treatment of diseases related to the inner ear as well as EXOs as biomarkers for the recognition of diseases related to the ear is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Amiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kaviari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Rostaminasab
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Barimani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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3
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Li D, Zou S, Huang Z, Sun C, Liu G. Isolation and quantification of L1CAM-positive extracellular vesicles on a chip as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's Disease. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12467. [PMID: 38898558 PMCID: PMC11186740 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry disease-specific molecular profiles, demonstrating massive potential in biomarker discovery. In this study, we developed an integrated biochip platform, termed EVID-biochip (EVs identification and detection biochip), which integrates in situ electrochemical protein detection with on-chip antifouling-immunomagnetic beads modified with CD81 antibodies and zwitterion molecules, enabling efficient isolation and detection of neuronal EVs. The capability of the EVID-biochip to isolate common EVs and detect neuronal EVs associated with Parkinson's disease in human serum is successfully demonstrated, using the transmembrane protein L1-cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) as a target biomarker. The EVID-biochip exhibited high efficiency and specificity for the detection of L1CAM with a sensitivity of 1 pg/mL. Based on the validation of 76 human serum samples, for the first time, this study discovered that the level of L1CAM/neuronal EV particles in serum could serve as a reliable indicator to distinguish Parkinson's disease from control groups with AUC = 0.973. EVID-biochip represents a reliable and rapid liquid biopsy platform for the analysis of complex biofluids offering EVs isolation and detection in a single chip, requiring a small sample volume (300 µL) and an assay time of 1.5 h. This approach has the potential to advance the diagnosis and biomarker discovery of various neurological disorders and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Li
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHKSZ‐Boyalife Joint Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina
| | - Siyi Zou
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHKSZ‐Boyalife Joint Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina
| | - Ziyang Huang
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHKSZ‐Boyalife Joint Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina
| | - Congcong Sun
- Department of NeurologyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong ProvinceChina
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHKSZ‐Boyalife Joint Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina
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4
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Fei X, Wang L, Dou YN, Fei F, Zhang Y, Lv W, He X, Wu X, Chao W, Chen H, Wei J, Gao D, Fei Z. Extracellular vesicle encapsulated Homer1a as novel nanotherapeutics against intracerebral hemorrhage in a mouse model. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:85. [PMID: 38582897 PMCID: PMC10999083 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Homer1a and A2 astrocytes are involved in the regulation of inflammation induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, there is no anticipated treatment strategy based on the anti-inflammatory effect of Homer1a and A2 astrocytes. Here, we successfully induced A2 astrocytes in vitro, and then we report an efficient method to prepare Homer1a+ EVs derived from A2 astrocytes which making it more stable, safe, and targetable to injured neurons. Homer1a+ EVs promotes the conversion of A1 to A2 astrocytes in ICH mice. Homer1a+ EVs inhibits activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, thereby regulating transcription of IL-17A in neurons. Homer1a+ EVs inhibits the RAGE/NF-κB/IL-17 signaling pathway and the binding ability of IL-17A: IL17-AR and RAGE: DIAPH1. In addition, Homer1a+ EVs ameliorates the pathology, behavior, and survival rate in GFAPCreHomer1fl/-Homer1a± and NestinCreRAGEfl/fl ICH mice. Our study provides a novel insight and potential for the clinical translation of Homer1a+ EVs in the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ya-Nan Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Weihao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Wangshu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Hongqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Dakuan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, , Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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5
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Tsakiri M, Tsichlis I, Zivko C, Demetzos C, Mahairaki V. Lipidic Nanoparticles, Extracellular Vesicles and Hybrid Platforms as Advanced Medicinal Products: Future Therapeutic Prospects for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:350. [PMID: 38543244 PMCID: PMC10975844 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, affect a wide variety of the population and pose significant challenges with progressive and irreversible neural cell loss. The limitations of brain-targeting therapies and the unclear molecular mechanisms driving neurodegeneration hamper the possibility of developing successful treatment options. Thus, nanoscale drug delivery platforms offer a promising solution. This paper explores and compares lipidic nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and hybrid liposomal-EV nanoplatforms as advanced approaches for targeted delivery to combat neurodegeneration. Lipidic nanoparticles are well-characterized platforms that allow multi-drug loading and scalable production. Conversely, EVs offer the ability of selectively targeting specific tissues and high biocompatibility. The combination of these two platforms in one could lead to promising results in the treatment of neurodegeneration. However, many issues, such as the regulatory framework, remain to be solved before these novel products are translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsakiri
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (I.T.); (C.D.)
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Ioannis Tsichlis
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (I.T.); (C.D.)
| | - Cristina Zivko
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.T.); (I.T.); (C.D.)
| | - Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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6
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Xu LL, Xie JQ, Shen JJ, Ying MD, Chen XZ. Neuron-derived exosomes mediate sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal mice via transferring lncRNA Gas5 and promoting M1 polarization of microglia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:298-311. [PMID: 37803140 PMCID: PMC10789735 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane exposure during rapid brain development induces neuronal apoptosis and causes memory and cognitive deficits in neonatal mice. Exosomes that transfer genetic materials including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between cells play a critical role in intercellular communication. However, the lncRNAs found in exosomes derived from neurons treated with sevoflurane and their potential role in promoting neurotoxicity remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of cross-talk of newborn mouse neurons with microglial cells in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. Mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells were exposed to sevoflurane, and then co-cultured with BV2 microglial cells. We showed that sevoflurane treatment markedly increased the expression of the lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (Gas5) in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles, which inhibited neuronal proliferation and induced neuronal apoptosis by promoting M1 polarization of microglia and the release of inflammatory cytokines. We further revealed that the exosomal lncRNA Gas5 significantly upregulated Foxo3 as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR-212-3p in BV2 cells, and activated the NF-κB pathway to promote M1 microglial polarization and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, thereby exacerbating neuronal damage. In neonatal mice, intracranial injection of the exosomes derived from sevoflurane-treated neurons into the bilateral hippocampi significantly increased the proportion of M1 microglia, inhibited neuronal proliferation and promoted apoptosis, ultimately leading to neurotoxicity. Similar results were observed in vitro in BV2 cells treated with the CM from HT22 cells after sevoflurane exposure. We conclude that sevoflurane induces the transfer of lncRNA Gas5-containing exosomes from neurons, which in turn regulates the M1 polarization of microglia and contributes to neurotoxicity. Thus, modulating the expression of lncRNA Gas5 or the secretion of exosomes could be a strategy for addressing sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Jia-Qian Xie
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jian-Jun Shen
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Mei-Dan Ying
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Zhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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7
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Sahoo RK, Tripathi SK, Biswal S, Panda M, Mathapati SS, Biswal BK. Transforming native exosomes to engineered drug vehicles: A smart solution to modern cancer theranostics. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300370. [PMID: 38375578 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes have been the hidden treasure of the cell in terms of cellular interactions, transportation and therapy. The native exosomes (NEx) secreted by the parent cells hold promising aspects in cancer diagnosis and therapy. NEx has low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, low toxicity and high stability which enables them to be an ideal prognostic biomarker in cancer diagnosis. However, due to heterogeneity, NEx lacks specificity and accuracy to be used as therapeutic drug delivery vehicle in cancer therapy. Transforming these NEx with their innate structure and multiple receptors to engineered exosomes (EEx) can provide better opportunities in the field of cancer theranostics. The surface of the NEx exhibits numeric receptors which can be modified to pave the direction of its therapeutic drug delivery in cancer therapy. Through surface membrane, EEx can be modified with increased drug loading potentiality and higher target specificity to act as a therapeutic nanocarrier for drug delivery. This review provides insights into promising aspects of NEx as a prognostic biomarker and drug delivery tool along with its need for the transformation to EEx in cancer theranostics. We have also highlighted different methods associated with NEx transformations, their nano-bio interaction with recipient cells and major challenges of EEx for clinical application in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar Sahoo
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Surya Kant Tripathi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stuti Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Munmun Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Santosh S Mathapati
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute Faridabad, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Bijesh Kumar Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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8
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Anastasi F, Botto A, Immordino B, Giovannetti E, McDonnell LA. Proteomics analysis of circulating small extracellular vesicles: Focus on the contribution of EVs to tumor metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:3-19. [PMID: 37652834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The term small extracellular vesicle (sEV) is a comprehensive term that includes any type of cell-derived, membrane-delimited particle that has a diameter < 200 nm, and which includes exosomes and smaller microvesicles. sEVs transfer bioactive molecules between cells and are crucial for cellular homeostasis and particularly during tumor development, where sEVs provide important contributions to the formation of the premetastic niche and to their altered metabolism. sEVs are thus legitimate targets for intervention and have also gained increasing interest as an easily accessible source of biomarkers because they can be rapidly isolated from serum/plasma and their molecular cargo provides information on their cell-of origin. To target sEVs that are specific for a given cell/disease it is essential to identify EV surface proteins that are characteristic of that cell/disease. Mass-spectrometry based proteomics is widely used for the identification and quantification of sEV proteins. The methods used for isolating the sEVs, preparing the sEV sample for proteomics analysis, and mass spectrometry analysis, can have a strong influence on the results and requires careful consideration. This review provides an overview of the approaches used for sEV proteomics and discusses the inherent compromises regarding EV purity versus depth of coverage. Additionally, it discusses the practical applications of the methods to unravel the involvement of sEVs in regulating the metabolism of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The metabolic reprogramming in PDAC includes enhanced glycolysis, elevated glutamine metabolism, alterations in lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia, all of which are crucial in promoting tumor cell growth. A thorough understanding of these metabolic adaptations is imperative for the development of targeted therapies to exploit PDAC's vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Anastasi
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; National Enterprise for NanoScience and NanoTechnology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy; BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asia Botto
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benoit Immordino
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy.
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9
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Mori T, Giovannelli L, Bilia AR, Margheri F. Exosomes: Potential Next-Generation Nanocarriers for the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2276. [PMID: 37765245 PMCID: PMC10537720 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are common pathological processes caused by various acute and chronic factors, and some of them are autoimmune diseases. Exosomes are fundamental extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all cells, which contain a series of constituents, i.e., cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins (actin, tubulin, and histones), nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, and DNA), lipids (diacylglycerophosphates, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and ceramide), and other bioactive components (cytokines, signal transduction proteins, enzymes, antigen presentation and membrane transport/fusion molecules, and adhesion molecules). This review will be a synopsis of the knowledge on the contribution of exosomes from different cell sources as possible therapeutic agents against inflammation, focusing on several inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, intestinal bowel disease, asthma, and liver and kidney injuries. Current knowledge indicates that the role of exosomes in the therapy of inflammation and in inflammatory diseases could be distinctive. The main limitations to their clinical translation are still production, isolation, and storage. Additionally, there is an urgent need to personalize the treatments in terms of the selection of exosomes; their dosages and routes of administration; and a deeper knowledge about their biodistribution, type and incidence of adverse events, and long-term effects of exosomes. In conclusion, exosomes can be a very promising next-generation therapeutic option, superior to synthetic nanocarriers and cell therapy, and can represent a new strategy of effective, safe, versatile, and selective delivery systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosca Mori
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department of Neurosciences (Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
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10
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Wang J, Yang L. The role of exosomes in central nervous system tissue regeneration and repair. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:052003. [PMID: 37399812 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ace39c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cell types into the extracellular environment and contain kinds of bioactive molecules. These molecules can mediate various biological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival, making them attractive for tissue regeneration and repair. Owing to their nanoscale size, bilayer membrane structure, and receptor-mediated transcytosis, exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the central nervous system (CNS) tissue. Additionally, exosomes can be loaded with exogenous substances after isolation. It has been suggested that exosomes could be used as natural drug carriers to transport therapeutic agents across the BBB and have great potential for CNS disease therapy by promoting tissue regeneration and repair. Herein, we discuss perspectives on therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative disease or spinal cord injury using a variety of cell types-derived exosomes with kinds of exosomal contents, as well as engineering strategies of specific functional and exosome administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Wang
- Guangzhou Xinhua University, No.19 Huamei Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Yang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, People's Republic of China
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11
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Si Q, Wu L, Pang D, Jiang P. Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e287. [PMID: 37313330 PMCID: PMC10258444 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that are naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They are derived from endosomes and are wrapped in lipid membranes. Exosomes are involved in intracellular metabolism and intercellular communication. They contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from the cell microenvironment and cytoplasm. The contents of exosomes can reflect their cells' origin and allow the observation of tissue changes and cell states under disease conditions. Naturally derived exosomes have specific biomolecules that act as the "fingerprint" of the parent cells, and the contents changed under pathological conditions can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Exosomes have low immunogenicity, are small in size, and can cross the blood-brain barrier. These characteristics make exosomes unique as engineering carriers. They can incorporate therapeutic drugs and achieve targeted drug delivery. Exosomes as carriers for targeted disease therapy are still in their infancy, but exosome engineering provides a new perspective for cell-free disease therapy. This review discussed exosomes and their relationship with the occurrence and treatment of some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders were evaluated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Si
- Department of EndocrinologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of OncologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Deshui Pang
- Department of EndocrinologyTengzhou Central People's HospitalTengzhouChina
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical LaboratoryJining First People's HospitalShandong First Medical UniversityJiningChina
- Institute of Translational PharmacyJining Medical Research AcademyJiningChina
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12
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Avgoulas DI, Tasioulis KS, Papi RM, Pantazaki AA. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems in Brain Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051439. [PMID: 37242681 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is designated as one of the principal causes of mortality universally. Among different types of cancer, brain cancer remains the most challenging one due to its aggressiveness, the ineffective permeation ability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and drug resistance. To overcome the aforementioned issues in fighting brain cancer, there is an imperative need for designing novel therapeutic approaches. Exosomes have been proposed as prospective "Trojan horse" nanocarriers of anticancer theranostics owing to their biocompatibility, increased stability, permeability, negligible immunogenicity, prolonged circulation time, and high loading capacity. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the biological properties, physicochemical characteristics, isolation methods, biogenesis and internalization of exosomes, while it emphasizes their therapeutic and diagnostic potential as drug vehicle systems in brain cancer, highlighting recent advances in the research field. A comparison of the biological activity and therapeutic effectiveness of several exosome-encapsulated cargo including drugs and biomacromolecules underlines their great supremacy over the non-exosomal encapsulated cargo in the delivery, accumulation, and biological potency. Various studies on cell lines and animals give prominence to exosome-based nanoparticles (NPs) as a promising and alternative approach in the management of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios I Avgoulas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos S Tasioulis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rigini M Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Sarasati A, Syahruddin MH, Nuryanti A, Ana ID, Barlian A, Wijaya CH, Ratnadewi D, Wungu TDK, Takemori H. Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications and Regenerative Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041053. [PMID: 37189671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) comprise various bioactive biomolecules. As an alternative cell-free therapeutic approach, they have the potential to deliver nano-bioactive compounds to the human body, and thus lead to various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor benefits. Moreover, it is known that Indonesia is one of the herbal centers of the world, with an abundance of unexplored sources of PDENs. This encouraged further research in biomedical science to develop natural richness in plants as a source for human welfare. This study aims to verify the potential of PDENs for biomedical purposes, especially for regenerative therapy applications, by collecting and analyzing data from the latest relevant research and developments.
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14
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Areny-Balagueró A, Solé-Porta A, Camprubí-Rimblas M, Campaña-Duel E, Ceccato A, Roig A, Closa D, Artigas A. Bioengineered extracellular vesicles: future of precision medicine for sepsis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:11. [PMID: 36894763 PMCID: PMC9998145 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndromic response to infection and is frequently a final common pathway to death from many infectious diseases worldwide. The complexity and high heterogeneity of sepsis hinder the possibility to treat all patients with the same protocol, requiring personalized management. The versatility of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their contribution to sepsis progression bring along promises for one-to-one tailoring sepsis treatment and diagnosis. In this article, we critically review the endogenous role of EVs in sepsis progression and how current advancements have improved EVs-based therapies toward their translational future clinical application, with innovative strategies to enhance EVs effect. More complex approaches, including hybrid and fully synthetic nanocarriers that mimic EVs, are also discussed. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies are examined through the review to offer a general outlook of the current and future perspectives of EV-based sepsis diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Areny-Balagueró
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Solé-Porta
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Camprubí-Rimblas
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Present Address: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES-Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Campaña-Duel
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Adrián Ceccato
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Present Address: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES-Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Roig
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daniel Closa
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Present Address: Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES-Instituto De Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servei de Medicina Intensiva, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
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15
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Shaimardanova AA, Solovyeva VV, Issa SS, Rizvanov AA. Gene Therapy of Sphingolipid Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043627. [PMID: 36835039 PMCID: PMC9964151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipidoses are defined as a group of rare hereditary diseases resulting from mutations in the genes encoding lysosomal enzymes. This group of lysosomal storage diseases includes more than 10 genetic disorders, including GM1-gangliosidosis, Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, the AB variant of GM2-gangliosidosis, Fabry disease, Gaucher disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Farber disease, etc. Enzyme deficiency results in accumulation of sphingolipids in various cell types, and the nervous system is also usually affected. There are currently no known effective methods for the treatment of sphingolipidoses; however, gene therapy seems to be a promising therapeutic variant for this group of diseases. In this review, we discuss gene therapy approaches for sphingolipidoses that are currently being investigated in clinical trials, among which adeno-associated viral vector-based approaches and transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells genetically modified with lentiviral vectors seem to be the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa A. Shaimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V. Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Shaza S. Issa
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(905)-316-7599
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16
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Haghighitalab A, Dominici M, Matin MM, Shekari F, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Lim R, Ahmadiankia N, Mirahmadi M, Bahrami AR, Bidkhori HR. Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090416. [PMID: 36969255 PMCID: PMC10031021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat autoimmune diseases through suppressing the immune system, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are not adequately practical. Moreover, these regimens are associated with considerable complications. Designing tolerogenic therapeutic strategies based on stem cells, immune cells, and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) seems to open a promising path to managing autoimmune diseases' vast burden. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main cell types applied to restore a tolerogenic immune status; MSCs play a more beneficial role due to their amenable properties and extensive cross-talks with different immune cells. With existing concerns about the employment of cells, new cell-free therapeutic paradigms, such as EV-based therapies, are gaining attention in this field. Additionally, EVs' unique properties have made them to be known as smart immunomodulators and are considered as a potential substitute for cell therapy. This review provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of cell-based and EV-based methods for treating autoimmune diseases. The study also presents an outlook on the future of EVs to be implemented in clinics for autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Haghighitalab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rebecca Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | - Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Reza Bahrami, ; Hamid Reza Bidkhori,
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Reza Bahrami, ; Hamid Reza Bidkhori,
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Approximations to Diagnosis and Therapy of COVID-19 in Nervous Systems Using Extracellular Vesicles. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121501. [PMID: 36558835 PMCID: PMC9782638 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus was first identified at the end of December 2019, causing the disease known as COVID-19, which, due to the high degree of contagion, was declared a global pandemic as of 2020. The end of the isolation was in 2022, thanks to the global multidisciplinary work of the massive vaccination campaigns. Even with the current knowledge about this virus and the COVID-19 disease, there are many questions and challenges regarding diagnosis and therapy in the fight against this virus. One of the big problems is the so-called "long COVID", prolonged symptomatology characterized as a multiorgan disorder manifested as brain fog, fatigue, and shortness of breath, which persist chronically after the disease resolution. Therefore, this review proposes using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a therapeutic or diagnostic option to confront the sequelae of the disease at the central nervous system level. Development: the review of updated knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is generally addressed as well as the current classification of extracellular vesicles and their proposed use in therapy and diagnosis. Through an analysis of examples, extracellular vesicles are highlighted to learn what happens in the central nervous system during and after COVID-19 and as a therapeutic option. Conclusions: even though there are limitations in the knowledge of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19, it is possible to observe the potential use of extracellular vesicles in therapy or as a diagnostic method and even the importance of their study for the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease.
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18
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Engineered Extracellular Vesicles in Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123042. [PMID: 36551798 PMCID: PMC9775549 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin replacement is an available treatment for autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). There are multiple limitations in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as T1DM by immunosuppression using drugs and chemicals. The advent of extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies for the treatment of various diseases has attracted much attention to the field of bio-nanomedicine. Tolerogenic nanoparticles can induce immune tolerance, especially in autoimmune diseases. EVs can deliver cargo to specific cells without restrictions. Accordingly, EVs can be used to deliver tolerogenic nanoparticles, including iron oxide-peptide-major histocompatibility complex, polyethylene glycol-silver-2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, and carboxylated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles coupled with or encapsulating an antigen, to effectively treat autoimmune T1DM. The present work highlights the advances in exosome-based delivery of tolerogenic nanoparticles for the treatment of autoimmune T1DM.
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Raghav A, Singh M, Jeong GB, Giri R, Agarwal S, Kala S, Gautam KA. Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1061076. [PMID: 36504676 PMCID: PMC9729355 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1061076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to have a significant role in the central nervous system (CNS) and neurodegenerative disease. Methods PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were used to identify published articles about EV modifications (2012 to Feb 2022). Results In total, 1,435 published papers were identified among the searched articles, with 1,128 non-duplicate publications being identified. Following the screening of titles and abstracts, 214 publications were excluded; following the full-text screening of 93 published articles, another 33 publications were excluded. The remaining 60 studies were considered. The kappa statistic of 0.868 indicated that the raters were highly reliable. Furthermore, the inter-reliability and intra-reliability coefficients were found to be 0.931 and 0.908, respectively, indicating strong reliability and consistency between the eligible studies identified by the raters. A total of 27 relevant studies demonstrated the role of EVs as therapeutic and diagnostic biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases. Of note, 19 and 14 studies, respectively, found EVs to be pioneering in diagnostic and therapeutic roles. Discussion EVs play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS), aiding in cell-to-cell communication and serving as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. EVs are the home of several proteins [including-synuclein (-syn) and tau proteins], lipids, and genetic materials such as DNA and RNA. The presence of novel miRNAs in EVs suggests biomarkers for the diagnosis and screening of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, EVs play an important role in the pathogenesis of such disorders. This systematic review discussed the current state of EVs' role in neurological diseases, as well as some preclinical studies on the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Raghav
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Singh
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Goo-Bo Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Richa Giri
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- KPS PG Institute of Medicine, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Agarwal
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- KPS PG Institute of Medicine, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kala
- Department of Surgery, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kirti Amresh Gautam
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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20
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Wang ZY, Wen ZJ, Xu HM, Zhang Y, Zhang YF. Exosomal noncoding RNAs in central nervous system diseases: biological functions and potential clinical applications. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1004221. [PMID: 36438184 PMCID: PMC9681831 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disease is a general term for a series of complex and diverse diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), CNS tumors, stroke, epilepsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Interneuron and neuron-glia cells communicate with each other through their homeostatic microenvironment. Exosomes in the microenvironment have crucial impacts on interneuron and neuron-glia cells by transferring their contents, such as proteins, lipids, and ncRNAs, constituting a novel form of cell-to-cell interaction and communication. Exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), regulate physiological functions and maintain CNS homeostasis. Exosomes are regarded as extracellular messengers that transfer ncRNAs between neurons and body fluids due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of exosomal ncRNAs in CNS diseases, including prospective diagnostic biomarkers, pathological regulators, therapeutic strategies and clinical applications. We also provide an all-sided discussion of the comparison with some similar CNS diseases and the main limitations and challenges for exosomal ncRNAs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yu Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeng-Jin Wen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Ming Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control of Ningxia, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Tang X, Li D, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Li A, Qi F, Liu J. Natural cell based biomimetic cellular transformers for targeted therapy of digestive system cancer. Theranostics 2022; 12:7080-7107. [PMID: 36276645 PMCID: PMC9576611 DOI: 10.7150/thno.75937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the world. Although cancer treatment options are increasingly diversified, the mortality rate of malignant cancer of the digestive system remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to explore effective cancer treatment methods. Recently, biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems based on natural cells that organically integrate the low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, cancer targeting, and controllable, versatile functionality of smart nanocarrier design with natural cells have been expected to break through the bottleneck of tumor targeted therapy. In this review, we focus on the dynamic changes and complex cellular communications that occur in vivo in natural cells based vehicles. Recent studies on the development of advanced targeted drug delivery systems using the dynamic behaviors such as specific surface protein affinity, morphological changes, and phenotypic polarization of natural cells are summarized. In addition to drug delivery mediated by dynamic behavior, functional “delivery” based on the natural cell themselves is also involved. Aiming to make the best use of the functions of cells, providing clues for the development of advanced drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongwei Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aixue Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Fu Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai 201315, China
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22
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Khan NA, Asim M, El-Menyar A, Biswas KH, Rizoli S, Al-Thani H. The evolving role of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) as biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic implications. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:933434. [PMID: 36275010 PMCID: PMC9584168 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.933434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing effective disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) requires reliable diagnostic, disease activity, and progression indicators. While desirable, identifying biomarkers for NDs can be difficult because of the complex cytoarchitecture of the brain and the distinct cell subsets seen in different parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, cell-derived, membrane-bound vesicles involved in the intercellular communication and transport of cell-specific cargos, such as proteins, Ribonucleic acid (RNA), and lipids. The types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies based on their size and origin of biogenesis. A growing body of evidence suggests that intercellular communication mediated through EVs is responsible for disseminating important proteins implicated in the progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other NDs. Some studies showed that TBI is a risk factor for different NDs. In terms of therapeutic potential, EVs outperform the alternative synthetic drug delivery methods because they can transverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB) without inducing immunogenicity, impacting neuroinflammation, immunological responses, and prolonged bio-distribution. Furthermore, EV production varies across different cell types and represents intracellular processes. Moreover, proteomic markers, which can represent a variety of pathological processes, such as cellular damage or neuroinflammation, have been frequently studied in neurotrauma research. However, proteomic blood-based biomarkers have short half-lives as they are easily susceptible to degradation. EV-based biomarkers for TBI may represent the complex genetic and neurometabolic abnormalities that occur post-TBI. These biomarkers are not caught by proteomics, less susceptible to degradation and hence more reflective of these modifications (cellular damage and neuroinflammation). In the current narrative and comprehensive review, we sought to discuss the contemporary knowledge and better understanding the EV-based research in TBI, and thus its applications in modern medicine. These applications include the utilization of circulating EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis, developments of EV-based therapies, and managing their associated challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Ayman El-Menyar
| | - Kabir H. Biswas
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sandro Rizoli
- Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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23
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Zhang J, Shi W, Qu D, Yu T, Qi C, Fu H. Extracellular vesicle therapy for traumatic central nervous system disorders. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:442. [PMID: 36056445 PMCID: PMC9438220 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic central nervous system (CNS) disorders have catastrophic effects on patients, and, currently, there is no effective clinical treatment. Cell transplantation is a common treatment for traumatic CNS injury in animals. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have reported that the beneficial effect of transplanted cells for CNS repair is mediated primarily through the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the cells, in which microRNAs play a major role. Accordingly, numerous studies have evaluated the roles and applications of EVs secreted by different cell types in neurological diseases. Furthermore, due to their unique biological features, EVs are used as disease biomarkers and drug delivery systems for disease prevention and treatment. We discuss current knowledge related to EVs, focusing on the mechanism underlying their effects on traumatic CNS diseases, and summarize existing research on the potential clinical utility of EVs as disease biomarkers and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weipeng Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Qu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Haitao Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Pandian SRK, Vijayakumar KK, Kunjiappan S, Babkiewicz E, Maszczyk P. Emerging role of exosomes in hematological malignancies. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00850-z. [PMID: 35798882 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms in the blood characterized by dysregulated hematopoiesis and classified as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. The occurrence and progression of hematological malignancies depend on transformed hematopoietic stem cells, which refract to chemotherapy and often cause relapse. In recent years, monoclonal antibody therapies are preferred for hematopoietic cancers, owing to their inherent mechanisms of action and improved outcomes. However, efficient drug delivery methods and the establishment of novel biomarkers are currently being investigated and warranted to improve the outcome of patients with hematological malignancies. For instance, non-viral-mediated, natural carriers have been suggested for latent intracellular drug delivery. In this purview, repurposing small vesicles (e.g., exosomes) is considered a latent approach for myeloma therapy. Exosomes (nano-vesicles) have many advantages in that they are secreted by various animals and plants and become sought after for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. The size of the cellular membrane of exosomes (30-150 nm) facilitates ligand binding and targeted delivery of the loaded molecules. Furthermore, exosomes can be modified to express specific target moiety on their cell membrane and can also be featured with desired biological activity, thereby potentially employed for various convoluted diseases, including hematological malignancies. To advance the current knowledge, this review is focused on the source, composition, function and surface engineering of exosomes pertaining to hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India.
| | - Kevin Kumar Vijayakumar
- School of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Oyarce K, Cepeda MY, Lagos R, Garrido C, Vega-Letter AM, Garcia-Robles M, Luz-Crawford P, Elizondo-Vega R. Neuroprotective and Neurotoxic Effects of Glial-Derived Exosomes. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:920686. [PMID: 35813501 PMCID: PMC9257100 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.920686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes can modulate cell communication in the brain and exert protective or neurotoxic effects on neurons, depending on the environmental context upon their release. Their isolation, characterization, and analysis under different conditions in vitro, in animal models and samples derived from patients has allowed to define the participation of other molecular mechanisms behind neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration spreading, and to propose their use as a potential diagnostic tool. Moreover, the discovery of specific molecular cargos, such as cytokines, membrane-bound and soluble proteins (neurotrophic factors, growth factors, misfolded proteins), miRNA and long-non-coding RNA, that are enriched in glial-derived exosomes with neuroprotective or damaging effects, or their inhibitors can now be tested as therapeutic tools. In this review we summarize the state of the art on how exosomes secretion by glia can affect neurons and other glia from the central nervous system in the context of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, but also, on how specific stress stimuli and pathological conditions can change the levels of exosome secretion and their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Oyarce
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - María Yamila Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raúl Lagos
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Camila Garrido
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana María Vega-Letter
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Garcia-Robles
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Roberto Elizondo-Vega,
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Overview and Update on Extracellular Vesicles: Considerations on Exosomes and Their Application in Modern Medicine. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060804. [PMID: 35741325 PMCID: PMC9220244 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the knowledge of cell-secreted extracellular vesicle functions. They are membrane enclosed and loaded with proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules. After being released into the extracellular environment, some of these vesicles are delivered to recipient cells; consequently, the target cell may undergo physiological or pathological changes. Thus, extracellular vesicles as biological nano-carriers, have a pivotal role in facilitating long-distance intercellular communication. Understanding the mechanisms that mediate this communication process is important not only for basic science but also in medicine. Indeed, extracellular vesicles are currently seen with immense interest in nanomedicine and precision medicine for their potential use in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. This paper aims to summarize the latest advances in the study of the smallest subtype among extracellular vesicles, the exosomes. The article is divided into several sections, focusing on exosomes' nature, characteristics, and commonly used strategies and methodologies for their separation, characterization, and visualization. By searching an extended portion of the relevant literature, this work aims to give a quick outline of advances in exosomes' extensive nanomedical applications. Moreover, considerations that require further investigations before translating them to clinical applications are summarized.
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Janouskova O, Herma R, Semeradtova A, Poustka D, Liegertova M, Malinska HA, Maly J. Conventional and Nonconventional Sources of Exosomes-Isolation Methods and Influence on Their Downstream Biomedical Application. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:846650. [PMID: 35586196 PMCID: PMC9110031 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.846650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes (EXs) as biomarkers, important modulators of physiological or pathological processes, or therapeutic agents, relatively little is known about nonconventional sources of EXs, such as invertebrate or plant EXs, and their uses. Likewise, there is no clear information on the overview of storage conditions and currently used isolation methods, including new ones, such as microfluidics, which fundamentally affect the characterization of EXs and their other biomedical applications. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize conventional and nonconventional sources of EXs, storage conditions and typical isolation methods, widely used kits and new "smart" technologies with emphasis on the influence of isolation techniques on EX content, protein detection, RNA, mRNA and others. At the same time, attention is paid to a brief overview of the direction of biomedical application of EXs, especially in diagnostics, therapy, senescence and aging and, with regard to the current situation, in issues related to Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Janouskova
- Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista University in Ústí Nad Labem, Ústí Nad Labem, Czech Republic
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Hyun SA, Lee YJ, Jang S, Ko MY, Lee CY, Cho YW, Yun YE, Lee BS, Seo JW, Moon KS, Ka M. Adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorates corticosterone-induced apoptosis in the cortical neurons via inhibition of ER stress. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:110. [PMID: 35313975 PMCID: PMC8935810 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corticosterone (CORT) can induce neuronal damage in various brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, the region implicated in depression. However, the underlying mechanisms of these CORT-induced effects remain poorly understood. Recently, many studies have suggested that adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (A-EVs) protect neurons in the brain.
Methods To investigated neuroprotection effects of A-EVs in the CORT-induced cortical neurons, we cultured cortical neurons from E15 mice for 7 days, and the cultured cortical neurons were pretreated with different numbers (5 × 105–107 per mL) of A-EVs (A-EVs5, A-EVs6, A-EVs7) for 30 min followed by administration of 200 μM CORT for 24 h. Results Here, we show that A-EVs exert antiapoptotic effects by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in CORT-induced cortical neurons. We found that A-EVs prevented neuronal cell death induced by CORT in cultured cortical neurons. More importantly, we found that CORT exposure in cortical neurons resulted in increased levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as cleaved caspase-3. However, pretreatment with A-EVs rescued the levels of caspase-3. Intriguingly, CORT-induced apoptosis involved upstream activation of ER stress proteins such as GRP78, CHOP and ATF4. However, pretreatment with A-EVs inhibited ER stress-related protein expression. Conclusion Our findings reveal that A-EVs exert antiapoptotic effects via inhibition of ER stress in CORT-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ae Hyun
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jang
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Yi Ko
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Youn Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Wook Seo
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Moon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minhan Ka
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Uberti AF, Callai-Silva N, Grahl MVC, Piovesan AR, Nachtigall EG, Furini CRG, Carlini CR. Helicobacter pylori Urease: Potential Contributions to Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063091. [PMID: 35328512 PMCID: PMC8949269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes dementia and memory loss in the elderly. Deposits of beta-amyloid peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau protein are present in a brain with AD. A filtrate of Helicobacter pylori’s culture was previously found to induce hyperphosphorylation of tau in vivo, suggesting that bacterial exotoxins could permeate the blood–brain barrier and directly induce tau’s phosphorylation. H. pylori, which infects ~60% of the world population and causes gastritis and gastric cancer, produces a pro-inflammatory urease (HPU). Here, the neurotoxic potential of HPU was investigated in cultured cells and in rats. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to HPU (50–300 nM) produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and had an increased [Ca2+]i. HPU-treated BV-2 microglial cells produced ROS, cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and showed reduced viability. Rats received daily i.p., HPU (5 µg) for 7 days. Hyperphosphorylation of tau at Ser199, Thr205 and Ser396 sites, with no alterations in total tau or GSK-3β levels, and overexpression of Iba1, a marker of microglial activation, were seen in hippocampal homogenates. HPU was not detected in the brain homogenates. Behavioral tests were performed to assess cognitive impairments. Our findings support previous data suggesting an association between infection by H. pylori and tauopathies such as AD, possibly mediated by its urease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto F. Uberti
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS) and Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (A.F.U.); (N.C.-S.); (M.V.C.G.)
| | - Natalia Callai-Silva
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS) and Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (A.F.U.); (N.C.-S.); (M.V.C.G.)
| | - Matheus V. C. Grahl
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS) and Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (A.F.U.); (N.C.-S.); (M.V.C.G.)
| | - Angela R. Piovesan
- Center of Biotechnology, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 91501-970, RS, Brazil;
| | - Eduarda G. Nachtigall
- Laboratory of Cognition and Memory Neurobiology, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS) and Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (E.G.N.); (C.R.G.F.)
| | - Cristiane R. G. Furini
- Laboratory of Cognition and Memory Neurobiology, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS) and Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (E.G.N.); (C.R.G.F.)
| | - Celia Regina Carlini
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS) and Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (A.F.U.); (N.C.-S.); (M.V.C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-51-3320-5986
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Torii Y, Kawada JI, Horiba K, Okumura T, Suzuki T, Ito Y. MicroRNA expression profiling of cerebrospinal fluid/serum exosomes in children with human herpesvirus 6-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy by high-throughput sequencing. J Neurovirol 2022; 28:151-157. [PMID: 35212942 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-022-01058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection is sometimes accompanied by acute encephalopathy with reduced subcortical diffusion (AED) in immunocompetent children. We investigated exosomal microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera of patients with HHV-6-associated AED (n = 5) and febrile seizure (FS) (n = 5) using high-throughput sequencing. A total of 176 and 663 miRNAs were identified in CSF and serum exosomes, respectively. Comparative analysis determined that some miRNAs (miR-381-3p, miR-155) were exclusively expressed in the CSF exosomes of AED but not of FS patients, suggesting their potential application as novel diagnostic biomarkers for AED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Torii
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kawada
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Horiba
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Okumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takako Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Ponomarev A, Gilazieva Z, Solovyeva V, Allegrucci C, Rizvanov A. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Impacting Cancer Stemness and Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:970. [PMID: 35205716 PMCID: PMC8869813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity represents an important limitation to the development of effective cancer therapies. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their differentiation hierarchies contribute to cancer complexity and confer tumors the ability to grow, resist treatment, survive unfavorable conditions, and invade neighboring and distant tissues. A large body of research is currently focusing on understanding the properties of CSCs, including their cellular and molecular origin, as well as their biological behavior in different tumor types. In turn, this knowledge informs strategies for targeting these tumor initiating cells and related cancer stemness. Cancer stemness is modulated by the tumor microenvironment, which influences CSC function and survival. Several advanced in vitro models are currently being developed to study cancer stemness in order to advance new knowledge of the key molecular pathways involved in CSC self-renewal and dormancy, as well as to mimic the complexity of patients' tumors in pre-clinical drug testing. In this review, we discuss CSCs and the modulation of cancer stemness by the tumor microenvironment, stemness factors and signaling pathways. In addition, we introduce current models that allow the study of CSCs for the development of new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ponomarev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Z.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Zarema Gilazieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Z.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Valeriya Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Z.G.); (V.S.)
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS) and Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Z.G.); (V.S.)
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Pourabdi L, Küçükkılınç TT, Khoshtale F, Ayazgök B, Nadri H, Farokhi Alashti F, Forootanfar H, Akbari T, Shafiei M, Foroumadi A, Sharifzadeh M, Shafiee Ardestani M, Abaee MS, Firoozpour L, Khoobi M, Mojtahedi MM. Synthesis of New 3-Arylcoumarins Bearing N-Benzyl Triazole Moiety: Dual Lipoxygenase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors With Anti-Amyloid Aggregation and Neuroprotective Properties Against Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Chem 2022; 9:810233. [PMID: 35127652 PMCID: PMC8812461 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.810233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of coumarin derivatives linked to the N-benzyl triazole group were synthesized and evaluated against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), and acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) to find the most potent derivative against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Most of the compounds showed weak to moderate activity against ChEs. Among the most active BuChE and 15-LOX inhibitors, 8l and 8n exhibited an excellent neuroprotective effect, higher than the standard drug (quercetin) on the PC12 cell model injured by H2O2 and significantly reduced aggregation of amyloid Aβ1-42, with potencies of 1.44 and 1.79 times higher than donepezil, respectively. Compound 8l also showed more activity than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as the reference antioxidant agent in reducing the levels of H2O2 activated by amyloid β in BV2 microglial cells. Kinetic and ligand–enzyme docking studies were also performed for better understanding of the mode of interaction between the best BuChE inhibitor and the enzyme. Considering the acceptable BuChE and 15-LOX inhibition activities as well as significant neuroprotection, and anti-amyloid aggregation activities, 8l and 8n could be considered as potential MTDLs for further modification and studies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Pourabdi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Khoshtale
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beyza Ayazgök
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamid Nadri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farid Farokhi Alashti
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Akbari
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Saeed Abaee
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad M. Mojtahedi, ; Mehdi Khoobi, ,
| | - Mohammad M. Mojtahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Natural Products, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad M. Mojtahedi, ; Mehdi Khoobi, ,
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Ke C, Hou H, Su K, Yuan Q, Huang C, Li S, Sun J, Lin Y, Wu C, Zhao Y, Yuan Z. Extracellular vesicle-mediated co-delivery of TRAIL and Dinaciclib for targeted therapy of resistant tumor. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1498-1514. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01751a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) (EV-T) has been shown highly efficient for cancer treatment when combined with the potent cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, dinaciclib (SCH727965, Dina)....
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Chen Z, Chang F, Yao L, Yuan F, Hong J, Wu D, Wei Y. Clinical significance of the cognition-related pathogenic proteins in plasma neuronal-derived exosomes among normal cognitive adults over 45 years old with olfactory dysfunction. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:3467-3476. [PMID: 34693486 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exosomal Phospho-Tau-181(P-T181-tau), Total tau (T-tau), and amyloid-β peptide 42 (Aβ42) have been proved the capacity for the amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to explore the cognitive function and the levels of P-T181-tau, T-tau, and Aβ42 in neuronal-derived exosomes (NDEs) extracted from plasma in normal cognitive adults over 45 years old with olfactory dysfunction. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 29 participants aged over 45 was conducted. Plasma exosomes were isolated, precipitated, and enriched by immuno-absorption with anti- L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) antibody. NDEs were characterized by CD81, and extracted NDE protein (P-T181-tau, T-tau, and Aβ42) biomarkers were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs). Olfactory performance was assessed by Sniffin' Sticks and cognitive performance was assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). RESULTS There was no significant difference between adults with olfactory dysfunction and without olfactory dysfunction regarding the cognitive function as measured by MoCA and all the participants showed normal cognition. Adults with olfactory dysfunction showed a higher concentration of P-T181-tau in plasma NDEs than did adults without olfactory dysfunction (P = 0.034). Both the levels of P-T181-tau (r = - 0.553, P = 0.003) and T-tau (r = - 0.417, P = 0.034) negatively correlated with the odor identification scores. In addition, the level of T-tau negatively correlated with MoCA scores (r = - 0.597, P = 0.002). The levels of P-T181-tau (r = - 0.464, P = 0.022) and T-tau (r = - 0.438, P = 0.032) negatively correlated with the delayed recall scores. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that cognition-related pathogenic proteins including P-T181-tau in plasma NDEs were significantly increased in adults over 45 years old with olfactory dysfunction before the occurrence of cognitive impairment. The impaired odor identification and the delayed recall function were highly associated with the increased levels of P-T181-tau and T-tau in plasma NDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Chen
- Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - FeiFan Chang
- Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Linyin Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100029, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Fan Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100029, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Junsheng Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100029, Chaoyang District, China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100029, Chaoyang District, China.
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Smell and Taste Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, YaBao Road 2, Beijing, 100029, Chaoyang District, China. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
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Chulpanova DS, Gilazieva ZE, Akhmetzyanova ER, Kletukhina SK, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Cytochalasin B-induced membrane vesicles from human mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing TRAIL, PTEN and IFN-β1 can kill carcinoma cancer cells. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101664. [PMID: 34678531 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of interest as a new vector for the delivery of therapeutic agents into the tumor microenvironment. Cell-free EV-based therapy has a number of advantages over cell-based therapy, since the use of EVs allows avoiding potential undesirable transformation associated with MSCs. MSC-derived EVs can transfer natural proteins with immunomodulatory or antitumor properties. The aim of this study was to produce vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells with simultaneous overexpression of TRAIL, PTEN and IFN-β1 and analyze its antitumor and immunomodulatory properties. In this work, a stable line of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) with simultaneous overexpression of TRAIL, PTEN and IFN-β1 was produced. To obtain this cell line hADSCs were genetically modified with a genetic multicistronic cassette encoding TRAIL, PTEN, and IFN-β1 genes separated with a self-cleaving P2A peptide nucleotide sequence. Membrane vesicles (CIMVs) were obtained from genetically modified hADSCs using cytochalasin B treatment. Antitumor and immunomodulatory properties of the CIMVs were analyzed in vitro. It was shown that CIMVs isolated from genetically modified hADSCs overexpressing TRAIL, PTEN and IFN-β1 genes are able to activate human immune cells and induce apoptosis in various types of carcinomas in vitro. Thus, the immunomodulatory and antitumor properties of CIMVs were shown. However, further studies on animal models in vivo are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Chulpanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zarema E Gilazieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elvira R Akhmetzyanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sevindzh K Kletukhina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriya V Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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Chen QY, Wen T, Wu P, Jia R, Zhang R, Dang J. Exosomal Proteins and miRNAs as Mediators of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718803. [PMID: 34568332 PMCID: PMC8461026 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the neurobiology and neurogenerative diseases have attracted growing interest in exosomes and their ability to carry and propagate active biomolecules as a means to reprogram recipient cells. Alterations in exosomal protein content and nucleic acid profiles found in human biological fluids have been correlated with various diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In ALS pathogenesis, these lipid-bound nanoscale vesicles have emerged as valuable candidates for diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, their capacity to spread misfolded proteins and functional non-coding RNAs to interconnected neuronal cells make them putative mediators for the progressive motor degeneration found remarkably apparent in ALS. This review outlines current knowledge concerning the biogenesis, heterogeneity, and function of exosomes in the brain as well as a comprehensive probe of currently available literature on ALS-related exosomal proteins and microRNAs. Lastly, with the rapid development of employing nanoparticles for drug delivery, we explore the therapeutic potentials of exosomes as well as underlying limitations in current isolation and detection methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingxia Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Matheakakis A, Batsali A, Papadaki HA, Pontikoglou CG. Therapeutic Implications of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Diseases: From Biology to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10132. [PMID: 34576296 PMCID: PMC8468750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are perivascular multipotent stem cells originally identified in the bone marrow (BM) stroma and subsequently in virtually all vascularized tissues. Because of their ability to differentiate into various mesodermal lineages, their trophic properties, homing capacity, and immunomodulatory functions, MSCs have emerged as attractive candidates in tissue repair and treatment of autoimmune disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of MSCs may be primarily mediated via a number of paracrine-acting soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-coated vesicles that are increasingly being acknowledged as playing a key role in intercellular communication via their capacity to carry and deliver their cargo, consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids to recipient cells. MSC-EVs recapitulate the functions of the cells they originate, including immunoregulatory effects but do not seem to be associated with the limitations and concerns of cell-based therapies, thereby emerging as an appealing alternative therapeutic option in immune-mediated disorders. In the present review, the biology of MSCs will be outlined and an overview of their immunomodulatory functions will be provided. In addition, current knowledge on the features of MSC-EVs and their immunoregulatory potential will be summarized. Finally, therapeutic applications of MSCs and MSC-EVs in autoimmune disorders will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Matheakakis
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Aristea Batsali
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Helen A. Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Charalampos G. Pontikoglou
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
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Qin B, Hu XM, Su ZH, Zeng XB, Ma HY, Xiong K. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles: Research progress from isolation to application. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 226:153604. [PMID: 34500372 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the structures that all cells release into the environment. They are separated by a lipid bilayer and contain the cellular components that release them. To date, most studies have been performed on EVs derived from cell supernatants or different body fluids, while the number of studies on EV isolation directly from tissues is still limited. Studies of EV isolation directly from tissues may provide us with better information. This review summarizes the role of EV in the extracellular matrix, the protocol for isolation of EV in the tissue interstitium, and the application of the protocol in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-year Program, 02 Class, 17 Grade, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Hong-Ying Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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Busatto S, Morad G, Guo P, Moses MA. The role of extracellular vesicles in the physiological and pathological regulation of the blood-brain barrier. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:665-675. [PMID: 34485835 PMCID: PMC8409556 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a subclass of biological nanoparticles secreted by most cell types. Once secreted, EVs can travel long distances to deliver their content to target cells thereby playing a key role in cell-to-cell communication and supporting both physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, the functional versatility of EVs has come to be more widely appreciated. Their heterogeneous structure encloses solubilized bioactive cargoes including proteins and nucleic acids. EVs mirror the secreting cell in composition therefore representing a novel source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, due to their unique structure, EVs constitute a promising class of biocompatible nanovehicles for drug delivery as well. Importantly, and of burgeoning interest, is the fact that EVs have the intrinsic ability to breach biological barriers including the complex blood-brain barrier (BBB), whose restrictive nature represents a significant therapeutic challenge. EVs have been shown to contribute to the progression of a variety of brain diseases including metastatic brain cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and acute pathologies including infections and ischemia. In this review, the role of EVs in the maintenance and regulation of the BBB under normal physiological and pathologic conditions are discussed. Applications of EVs as therapeutic and diagnostic tools in the treatment of diseases that affect the central nervous system are presented as are limitations hindering their broad translation and potential solutions to resolve them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Busatto
- Vascular Biology ProgramBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of SurgeryBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Golnaz Morad
- Department of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Peng Guo
- Vascular Biology ProgramBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of SurgeryBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Marsha A. Moses
- Vascular Biology ProgramBoston Children's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of SurgeryBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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40
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Zhao Z, Wijerathne H, Godwin AK, Soper SA. Isolation and analysis methods of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 2:80-103. [PMID: 34414401 PMCID: PMC8372011 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as an evolving biomarker within the liquid biopsy family. While carrying both host cell proteins and different types of RNAs, EVs are also present in sufficient quantities in biological samples to be tested using many molecular analysis platforms to interrogate their content. However, because EVs in biological samples are comprised of both disease and non-disease related EVs, enrichment is often required to remove potential interferences from the downstream molecular assay. Most benchtop isolation/enrichment methods require > milliliter levels of sample and can cause varying degrees of damage to the EVs. In addition, some of the common EV benchtop isolation methods do not sort the diseased from the non-diseased related EVs. Simultaneously, the detection of the overall concentration and size distribution of the EVs is highly dependent on techniques such as electron microscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, which can include unexpected variations and biases as well as complexity in the analysis. This review discusses the importance of EVs as a biomarker secured from a liquid biopsy and covers some of the traditional and non-traditional, including microfluidics and resistive pulse sensing, technologies for EV isolation and detection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Harshani Wijerathne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Steven A Soper
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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41
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Silva AM, Lázaro‐Ibáñez E, Gunnarsson A, Dhande A, Daaboul G, Peacock B, Osteikoetxea X, Salmond N, Friis KP, Shatnyeva O, Dekker N. Quantification of protein cargo loading into engineered extracellular vesicles at single-vesicle and single-molecule resolution. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12130. [PMID: 34377376 PMCID: PMC8329990 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) have been intensively explored for therapeutic delivery of proteins. However, methods to quantify cargo proteins loaded into engineered EVs are lacking. Here, we describe a workflow for EV analysis at the single-vesicle and single-molecule level to accurately quantify the efficiency of different EV-sorting proteins in promoting cargo loading into EVs. Expi293F cells were engineered to express EV-sorting proteins fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). High levels of GFP loading into secreted EVs was confirmed by Western blotting for specific EV-sorting domains, but quantitative single-vesicle analysis by Nanoflow cytometry detected GFP in less than half of the particles analysed, reflecting EV heterogeneity. Anti-tetraspanin EV immunostaining in ExoView confirmed a heterogeneous GFP distribution in distinct subpopulations of CD63+, CD81+, or CD9+ EVs. Loading of GFP into individual vesicles was quantified by Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. The combined results demonstrated TSPAN14, CD63 and CD63/CD81 fused to the PDGFRβ transmembrane domain as the most efficient EV-sorting proteins, accumulating on average 50-170 single GFP molecules per vesicle. In conclusion, we validated a set of complementary techniques suitable for high-resolution analysis of EV preparations that reliably capture their heterogeneity, and propose highly efficient EV-sorting proteins to be used in EV engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M. Silva
- Discovery BiologyDiscovery SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Elisa Lázaro‐Ibáñez
- Discovery BiologyDiscovery SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
- Advanced Drug DeliveryPharmaceutical SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Structure and BiophysicsDiscovery SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | | | | | | | - Xabier Osteikoetxea
- Discovery BiologyDiscovery SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaAlderley ParkUK
| | - Nikki Salmond
- Discovery BiologyDiscovery SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaAlderley ParkUK
| | - Kristina Pagh Friis
- Advanced Drug DeliveryPharmaceutical SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Olga Shatnyeva
- Discovery BiologyDiscovery SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Niek Dekker
- Discovery BiologyDiscovery SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
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BDNF and pro-BDNF in serum and exosomes in major depression: Evolution after antidepressant treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110229. [PMID: 33358963 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of clinically related biological indicators in Major Depression (MD) is important. The Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) appears to play an important role in MD, through its neurotrophic effect, and its levels are significantly decreased. The variation in the serum levels of its precursor proBDNF, which has opposite effects, is not known. Their distribution between serum and exosomes and their evolution during antidepressant treatment is also not known, and may be important in modulating their effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether serum and exosome mBDNF and proBDNF levels are altered in patients with MD during antidepressant treatment compared to controls, and their association with clinical improvement and clinical variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS 42 MD subjects and 40 controls were included. Questionnaires to assess the severity of depression and cognitive impairment and blood samples were collected during the three visits at D0 (inclusion) and 3 and 7 weeks after the start of antidepressant treatment. Assays for mBDNF and proBDNF levels were performed in serum and exosomes by ELISA. RESULTS MD subjects had decreased serum and exosomal BDNF levels and increased proBDNF levels at D0 compared to controls. BDNF and pro-BDNF vary in an inverse manner in both serum and exosomes during antidepressant treatment. No relationship of BDNF and proBDNF levels to clinical improvement and depression scales was found. CONCLUSION We demonstrated an evolution of those molecules either in serum or in exosomes after MD treatment. These transport vesicles could have a role in the regulation of BDNF.
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Mittal R, Bencie N, Langlie J, Mittal J, Eshraghi AA. Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles and biomarkers for neurological and auditory systems. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8035-8049. [PMID: 34224589 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular membrane particles that play a crucial role in intracellular signaling. Research shows that exosomes have the potential to be used as biomarkers or drug delivery systems in specific organs, such as the neurological system and the inner ear. Exosomes in neurological and auditory systems release different molecules when under stress versus in healthy states, highlighting their potential use as biomarkers in the identification of diseased states. Studies have suggested that exosomes can be harnessed for drug delivery to hard-to-reach organs, such as cochlear sensory hair cells and the brain due to their ability to cross the blood-labyrinth and blood-brain barriers. In this article, we describe the biogenesis, classification, and characterization methods of exosomes. We then discuss recent studies that indicate their potential usage as biomarkers and drug delivery systems to help treat inner ear and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nicole Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jake Langlie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adrien A Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cochlear Implant and Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Carlomagno C, Rodà F, Bedoni M. Biophotonics for diagnostic detection of extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:229-249. [PMID: 33887403 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are versatile carriers for biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of multiple human disorders. Despite the increasing scientific and commercial interest in EV application in diagnostics, traditional biomolecular techniques usually require consistent sample amount, rely on operator-dependent and time- consuming procedures and cannot cope with the nano-size range of EVs, limiting both sensitivity and reproducibility of results. The application of biophotonics, i.e. light-based methods, for the diagnostic detection of EVs has brought to the development of innovative platforms with excellent sensitivity. In this review, we propose an overview of the most promising and emerging technologies used in the field of EV-related biomarker discovery. When tested on clinical samples, the reported biophotonic approaches in most cases have managed to discriminate between nanovesicles and contaminants, achieved much higher resolution compared to traditional procedures, and reached moderate to excellent diagnostic accuracy, thus demonstrating great potentialities for their clinical translation.
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45
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Chen L, Hong W, Ren W, Xu T, Qian Z, He Z. Recent progress in targeted delivery vectors based on biomimetic nanoparticles. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:225. [PMID: 34099630 PMCID: PMC8182741 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, great interest has been given to biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs) since the rise of targeted drug delivery systems and biomimetic nanotechnology. Biological vectors including cell membranes, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and viruses are considered promising candidates for targeted delivery owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. BNPs, the integration of biological vectors and functional agents, are anticipated to load cargos or camouflage synthetic nanoparticles to achieve targeted delivery. Despite their excellent intrinsic properties, natural vectors are deliberately modified to endow multiple functions such as good permeability, improved loading capability, and high specificity. Through structural modification and transformation of the vectors, they are pervasively utilized as more effective vehicles that can deliver contrast agents, chemotherapy drugs, nucleic acids, and genes to target sites for refractory disease therapy. This review summarizes recent advances in targeted delivery vectors based on cell membranes, EVs, and viruses, highlighting the potential applications of BNPs in the fields of biomedical imaging and therapy industry, as well as discussing the possibility of clinical translation and exploitation trend of these BNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Gupta R, Luo X, Lin Z, Tian Y, Ajit SK. Uptake of Fluorescent Labeled Small Extracellular Vesicles In Vitro and in Spinal Cord. J Vis Exp 2021:10.3791/62537. [PMID: 34096919 PMCID: PMC10460254 DOI: 10.3791/62537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are 50-150 nm vesicles secreted by all cells and present in bodily fluids. sEVs transfer biomolecules such as RNA, proteins, and lipids from donor to acceptor cells, making them key signaling mediators between cells. In the central nervous system (CNS), sEVs can mediate intercellular signaling, including neuroimmune interactions. sEV functions can be studied by tracking the uptake of labeled sEVs in recipient cells both in vitro and in vivo. This paper describes the labeling of sEVs from the conditioned media of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using a PKH membrane dye. It shows the uptake of different concentrations of labeled sEVs at multiple time points by Neuro-2a cells and primary astrocytes in vitro. Also shown is the uptake of sEVs delivered intrathecally in mouse spinal cord neurons, astrocytes, and microglia visualized by confocal microscopy. The representative results demonstrate time-dependent variation in the uptake of sEVs by different cells, which can help confirm successful sEVs delivery into the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine
| | - Xuan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine
| | - Zhucheng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine
| | - Yuzhen Tian
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine
| | - Seena K Ajit
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine;
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Hwang HS, Kim H, Han G, Lee JW, Kim K, Kwon IC, Yang Y, Kim SH. Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Therapeutics for Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5487. [PMID: 34067503 PMCID: PMC8196952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) deliver cargoes such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids between cells and serve as an intercellular communicator. As it is revealed that most of the functions associated to EVs are closely related to the immune response, the important role of EVs in inflammatory diseases is emerging. EVs can be functionalized through EV surface engineering and endow targeting moiety that allows for the target specificity for therapeutic applications in inflammatory diseases. Moreover, engineered EVs are considered as promising nanoparticles to develop personalized therapeutic carriers. In this review, we highlight the role of EVs in various inflammatory diseases, the application of EV as anti-inflammatory therapeutics, and the current state of the art in EV engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sook Hwang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hyosuk Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
| | - Geonhee Han
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.S.H.); (H.K.); (G.H.); (J.W.L.); (K.K.); (I.C.K.)
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Microglial Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for Neurodegeneration Spreading. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060770. [PMID: 34063832 PMCID: PMC8224033 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are the neuroimmune competent cells of the central nervous system. In the adult, microglia are responsible for screening the neuronal parenchyma searching for alterations in homeostasis. Chronic neuroinflammation plays a role in neurodegenerative disease. Indeed, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is involved in the onset and progression of several disorders in the brain and retina. Microglial cell reactivity occurs in an orchestrated manner and propagates across the neural parenchyma spreading the neuroinflammatory signal from cell to cell. Extracellular vesicles are important vehicles of intercellular communication and act as message carriers across boundaries. Extracellular vesicles can be subdivided in several categories according to their cellular origin (apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes), each presenting, different but sometimes overlapping functions in cell communication. Mounting evidence suggests a role for extracellular vesicles in regulating microglial cell action. Herein, we explore the role of microglial extracellular vesicles as vehicles for cell communication and the mechanisms that trigger their release. In this review we covered the role of microglial extracellular vesicles, focusing on apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes, in the context of neurodegeneration and the impact of these vesicles derived from other cells in microglial cell reactivity.
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Adamo G, Fierli D, Romancino DP, Picciotto S, Barone ME, Aranyos A, Božič D, Morsbach S, Raccosta S, Stanly C, Paganini C, Gai M, Cusimano A, Martorana V, Noto R, Carrotta R, Librizzi F, Randazzo L, Parkes R, Capasso Palmiero U, Rao E, Paterna A, Santonicola P, Iglič A, Corcuera L, Kisslinger A, Di Schiavi E, Liguori GL, Landfester K, Kralj-Iglič V, Arosio P, Pocsfalvi G, Touzet N, Manno M, Bongiovanni A. Nanoalgosomes: Introducing extracellular vesicles produced by microalgae. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12081. [PMID: 33936568 PMCID: PMC8077145 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular, inter-organismal and cross kingdom communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) is intensively studied in basic science with high expectation for a large variety of bio-technological applications. EVs intrinsically possess many attributes of a drug delivery vehicle. Beyond the implications for basic cell biology, academic and industrial interests in EVs have increased in the last few years. Microalgae constitute sustainable and renewable sources of bioactive compounds with a range of sectoral applications, including the formulation of health supplements, cosmetic products and food ingredients. Here we describe a newly discovered subtype of EVs derived from microalgae, which we named nanoalgosomes. We isolated these extracellular nano-objects from cultures of microalgal strains, including the marine photosynthetic chlorophyte Tetraselmis chuii, using differential ultracentrifugation or tangential flow fractionation and focusing on the nanosized small EVs (sEVs). We explore different biochemical and physical properties and we show that nanoalgosomes are efficiently taken up by mammalian cell lines, confirming the cross kingdom communication potential of EVs. This is the first detailed description of such membranous nanovesicles from microalgae. With respect to EVs isolated from other organisms, nanoalgosomes present several advantages in that microalgae are a renewable and sustainable natural source, which could easily be scalable in terms of nanoalgosome production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Adamo
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - David Fierli
- Centre for Environmental Research Innovation and Sustainability Institute of Technology Sligo Sligo Ireland
| | - Daniele P Romancino
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Sabrina Picciotto
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Maria E Barone
- Centre for Environmental Research Innovation and Sustainability Institute of Technology Sligo Sligo Ireland
| | - Anita Aranyos
- Centre for Environmental Research Innovation and Sustainability Institute of Technology Sligo Sligo Ireland
| | - Darja Božič
- University of Ljubljana (UL) Ljubljana Slovene
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP) Mainz Germany
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Christopher Stanly
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Naples Italy
| | - Carolina Paganini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Meiyu Gai
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPIP) Mainz Germany
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Vincenzo Martorana
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Rosina Noto
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Rita Carrotta
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Fabio Librizzi
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Loredana Randazzo
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Rachel Parkes
- Centre for Environmental Research Innovation and Sustainability Institute of Technology Sligo Sligo Ireland
| | | | - Estella Rao
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Angela Paterna
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Pamela Santonicola
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Naples Italy
| | - Ales Iglič
- University of Ljubljana (UL) Ljubljana Slovene
| | | | - Annamaria Kisslinger
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Naples Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Naples Italy
| | - Giovanna L Liguori
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Naples Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Naples Italy
| | - Nicolas Touzet
- Centre for Environmental Research Innovation and Sustainability Institute of Technology Sligo Sligo Ireland
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB) - National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
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50
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Li F, Zhang J, Chen A, Liao R, Duan Y, Xu Y, Tao L. Combined transplantation of neural stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promotes neuronal cell survival to alleviate brain damage after cardiac arrest via microRNA-133b incorporated in extracellular vesicles. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:262-278. [PMID: 33436530 PMCID: PMC7835040 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has prevailed as a promising protective strategy for cardiac arrest (CA)-induced brain damage. Surprisingly, the poor survival of neuronal cells in severe hypoxic condition restricts the utilization of this cell-based therapy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) between cells are validated as the mode for the release of several therapeutic molecules. The current study reports that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) interact with NSCs via EVs thereby affecting the survival of neuronal cells. Hypoxic injury models of neuronal cells were established using cobalt chloride, followed by co-culture with BMSCs and NSCs alone or in combination. BMSCs combined with NSCs elicited as a superior protocol to stimulate neuronal cell survival. BMSCs-derived EVs could protect neuronal cells against hypoxic injury. Silencing of miR-133b incorporated in BMSCs-derived EVs could decrease the cell viability and the number of NeuN-positive cells and increase the apoptosis in the CA rat model. BMSCs-derived EVs could transfer miR-133b to neuronal cells to activate the AKT-GSK-3β-WNT-3 signaling pathway by targeting JAK1. Our study demonstrates that NSCs promotes the release of miR-133b from BMSCs-derived EVs to promote neuronal cell survival, representing a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CA-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The 2nd Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Anbao Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yongchun Duan
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Xu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Lili Tao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunan Province, P.R. China
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