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Guo Z, Yue N, Chen M, Li J, Lv R, Wang J, Liu T, Huang J, Gao S, Li Y, Yuan B, Wang J, Kang L, Ji B, Xin W. Purinergic Receptor Antagonists Inhibit Hemolysis Induced by Clostridium perfringens Alpha Toxin. Pathogens 2024; 13:454. [PMID: 38921752 PMCID: PMC11206506 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin (CPA), which causes yellow lamb disease in sheep and gas gangrene and food poisoning in humans, is produced by all types of C. perfringens and is the major virulence determinant of C. perfringens type A. CPA induces hemolysis in many species, including humans, murines, sheep and rabbits, through its enzymatic activity, which dissolves the cell membrane. Recent studies have shown that some pore-forming toxins cause hemolysis, which is achieved by the activation of purinergic receptors (P2). However, the relationship between P2 receptors and non-pore-forming toxin hemolysis has not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the function of P2 receptors in CPA toxin hemolysis and found that CPA-induced hemolysis was dependent on P2 receptor activation, and this was also true for Staphylococcus aureus β-Hemolysin, another non-pore-forming toxin. Furthermore, we use selective P2 receptor antagonists to demonstrate that P2X1 and P2X7 play important roles in the hemolysis of human and murine erythrocytes. In addition, we found that redox metabolism was mainly involved in CPA-induced hemolysis using metabolomic analysis. We further demonstrate that CPA activates P2 receptors and then activates NADPH oxidase through the PI3K/Akt and MEK1/ERK1 pathways, followed by the production of active oxygen to induce hemolysis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the pathological effects of CPA, clarify the relationship between P2 activation and non-pore-forming toxin-induced hemolysis, and provide new insights into CPA-induced hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishuo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
- Emergency Department, 96605 Army Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Jilin 134000, China
| | - Nan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Ruomei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Yanwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Bing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Lin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Disease Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214101, China
| | - Wenwen Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, AMMS, Beijing 100071, China; (Z.G.); (N.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (J.W.); (T.L.); (J.H.); (S.G.); (Y.L.); (B.Y.); (J.W.)
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Huang Y, Shi Y, Wang M, Liu B, Chang X, Xiao X, Yu H, Cui X, Bai Y. Pannexin1 Channel-Mediated Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1296-1307. [PMID: 37196132 PMCID: PMC11081155 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation mediated by the pannexin1 channel contributes significantly to acute ischemic stroke. It is believed that the pannexin1 channel is key in initiating central system inflammation during the early stages of acute ischemic stroke. Moreover, the pannexin1 channel is involved in the inflammatory cascade to maintain the inflammation levels. Specifically, the interaction of pannexin1 channels with ATP-sensitive P2X7 purinoceptors or promotion of potassium efflux mediates the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, triggering the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1 and IL-18, exacerbating and sustaining inflammation of brain. Also, increased release of ATP induced by cerebrovascular injury activates pannexin1 in vascular endothelial cells. This signal directs peripheral leukocytes to migrate into ischemic brain tissue, leading to an expansion of the inflammatory zone. Intervention strategies targeting pannexin1 channels may greatly alleviate inflammation after acute ischemic stroke to improve this patient population's clinical outcomes. In this review, we sought to summarize relevant studies on inflammation mediated by the pannexin1 channel in acute ischemic stroke and discussed the possibility of using brain organoid-on-a-chip technology to screen miRNAs that exclusively target the pannexin1 channel to provide new therapeutic measures for targeted regulation of pannexin1 channel to reduce inflammation in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yutong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Medical College, Institute of Microanalysis, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bingyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueqin Chang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaodie Cui
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Ahn Y, Park JH. Novel Potential Therapeutic Targets in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease from the Perspective of Cell Polarity and Fibrosis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:291-300. [PMID: 38589290 PMCID: PMC11063481 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a congenital genetic disorder, is a notable contributor to the prevalence of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Despite the absence of a complete cure, ongoing research aims for early diagnosis and treatment. Although agents such as tolvaptan and mTOR inhibitors have been utilized, their effectiveness in managing the disease during its initial phase has certain limitations. This review aimed to explore new targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of ADPKD, considering ongoing developments. We particularly focus on cell polarity, which is a key factor that influences the process and pace of cyst formation. In addition, we aimed to identify agents or treatments that can prevent or impede the progression of renal fibrosis, ultimately slowing its trajectory toward end-stage renal disease. Recent advances in slowing ADPKD progression have been examined, and potential therapeutic approaches targeting multiple pathways have been introduced. This comprehensive review discusses innovative strategies to address the challenges of ADPKD and provides valuable insights into potential avenues for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310, 04310, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
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Jia S, Mai L, Yang H, Huang F, He H, Fan W. Cross-species gene expression patterns of purinergic signaling in the human and mouse trigeminal ganglion. Life Sci 2023; 332:122130. [PMID: 37769809 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling system plays a pivotal role in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) which is a primary sensory tissue in vertebrate nervous systems involving orofacial nociception and peripheral sensitization. Despite previous efforts to reveal the expression patterns of purinergic components in the mouse TG, it is still unknown the interspecies differences between human and mouse. In this study, we provide a comprehensive transcriptome profile of the purinergic signaling system across diverse cell types and neuronal subpopulations within the human TG, systematically comparing it with mouse TG. In addition, the evolutionary conservation and species-specific expression patterns of the purinergic components are also discussed. We propose that the data can improve our understanding of purinergic signaling in the peripheral nervous system and facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijia Mai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
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Saffioti NA, Alvarez CL, Bazzi Z, Gentilini MV, Gondolesi GE, Schwarzbaum PJ, Schachter J. Dynamic recycling of extracellular ATP in human epithelial intestinal cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011196. [PMID: 37384797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells play important roles in the absorption of nutrients, secretion of electrolytes and food digestion. The function of these cells is strongly influenced by purinergic signalling activated by extracellular ATP (eATP) and other nucleotides. The activity of several ecto-enzymes determines the dynamic regulation of eATP. In pathological contexts, eATP may act as a danger signal controlling a variety of purinergic responses aimed at defending the organism from pathogens present in the intestinal lumen. In this study, we characterized the dynamics of eATP on polarised and non-polarised Caco-2 cells. eATP was quantified by luminometry using the luciferin-luciferase reaction. Results show that non-polarized Caco-2 cells triggered a strong but transient release of intracellular ATP after hypotonic stimuli, leading to low micromolar eATP accumulation. Subsequent eATP hydrolysis mainly determined eATP decay, though this effect could be counterbalanced by eATP synthesis by ecto-kinases kinetically characterized in this study. In polarized Caco-2 cells, eATP showed a faster turnover at the apical vs the basolateral side. To quantify the extent to which different processes contribute to eATP regulation, we created a data-driven mathematical model of the metabolism of extracellular nucleotides. Model simulations showed that eATP recycling by ecto-AK is more efficient a low micromolar eADP concentrations and is favored by the low eADPase activity of Caco-2 cells. Simulations also indicated that a transient eATP increase could be observed upon the addition of non-adenine nucleotides due the high ecto-NDPK activity in these cells. Model parameters showed that ecto-kinases are asymmetrically distributed upon polarization, with the apical side having activity levels generally greater in comparison with the basolateral side or the non-polarized cells. Finally, experiments using human intestinal epithelial cells confirmed the presence of functional ecto-kinases promoting eATP synthesis. The adaptive value of eATP regulation and purinergic signalling in the intestine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Andres Saffioti
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cora Lilia Alvarez
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zaher Bazzi
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Gentilini
- Fundación Favaloro Hospital Universitario, Unidad de Insuficiencia, Rehabilitación y Trasplante Intestinal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTyB, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro), Laboratorio de Inmunología asociada al Trasplante, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Eduardo Gondolesi
- Fundación Favaloro Hospital Universitario, Unidad de Insuficiencia, Rehabilitación y Trasplante Intestinal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTyB, CONICET, Universidad Favaloro), Laboratorio de Inmunología asociada al Trasplante, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Julio Schwarzbaum
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Schachter
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini", Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sousa-Soares C, Noronha-Matos JB, Correia-de-Sá P. Purinergic Tuning of the Tripartite Neuromuscular Synapse. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4084-4104. [PMID: 37016047 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialised chemical synapse involved in the transmission of bioelectric signals between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber, leading to muscle contraction. Typically, the NMJ is a tripartite synapse comprising (a) a presynaptic region represented by the motor nerve ending, (b) a postsynaptic skeletal motor endplate area, and (c) perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) that shield the motor nerve terminal. Increasing evidence points towards the role of PSCs in the maintenance and control of neuromuscular integrity, transmission, and plasticity. Acetylcholine (ACh) is the main neurotransmitter at the vertebrate skeletal NMJ, and its role is fine-tuned by co-released purinergic neuromodulators, like adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and its metabolite adenosine (ADO). Adenine nucleotides modulate transmitter release and expression of postsynaptic ACh receptors at motor synapses via the activation of P2Y and P2X receptors. Endogenously generated ADO modulates ACh release by acting via co-localised inhibitory A1 and facilitatory A2A receptors on motor nerve terminals, whose tonic activation depends on the neuronal firing pattern and their interplay with cholinergic receptors and neuropeptides. Thus, the concerted action of adenine nucleotides, ADO, and ACh/neuropeptide co-transmitters is paramount to adapting the neuromuscular transmission to the working load under pathological conditions, like Myasthenia gravis. Unravelling these functional complexities prompted us to review our knowledge about the way purines orchestrate neuromuscular transmission and plasticity in light of the tripartite synapse concept, emphasising the often-forgotten role of PSCs in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sousa-Soares
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, MedInUP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, MedInUP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, MedInUP, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Arkhipov SN, Potter DL, Sultanova RF, Ilatovskaya DV, Harris PC, Pavlov TS. Probenecid slows disease progression in a murine model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15652. [PMID: 37024297 PMCID: PMC10079433 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) involves renal epithelial cell abnormalities. Cystic fluid contains a high level of ATP that, among other effects, leads to a reduced reabsorption of electrolytes in cyst-lining cells, and thus results in cystic fluid accumulation. Earlier, we demonstrated that Pkd1RC/RC mice, a hypomorphic model of ADPKD, exhibit increased expression of pannexin-1, a membrane channel capable of ATP release. In the current study, we found that human ADPKD cystic epithelia have higher pannexin-1 abundance than normal collecting ducts. We hypothesized that inhibition of pannexin-1 function with probenecid can be used to attenuate ADPKD development. Renal function in male and female Pkd1RC/RC and control mice was monitored between 9 and 20 months of age. To test the therapeutic effects of probenecid (a uricosuric agent and a pannexin-1 blocker), osmotic minipumps were implanted in male and female Pkd1RC/RC mice, and probenecid or vehicle was administered for 42 days until 1 year of age. Probenecid treatment improved glomerular filtration rates and slowed renal cyst formation in male mice (as shown in histopathology). The mechanistic effects of probenecid on sodium reabsorption and fluid transport were tested on polarized mpkCCDcl4 cells subjected to short-circuit current measurements, and in 3D cysts grown in Matrigel. In the mpkCCDcl4 epithelial cell line, probenecid elicited higher ENaC currents and attenuated in vitro cyst formation, indicating lower sodium and less fluid retention in the cysts. Our studies open new avenues of research into targeting pannexin-1 in ADPKD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N. Arkhipov
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular ResearchHenry Ford HealthDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - D'Anna L. Potter
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular ResearchHenry Ford HealthDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Regina F. Sultanova
- Division of NephrologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Daria V. Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Peter C. Harris
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Tengis S. Pavlov
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular ResearchHenry Ford HealthDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
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Caruso G, Di Pietro L, Caraci F. Gap Junctions and Connexins in Microglia-Related Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation: Perspectives for Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030505. [PMID: 36979440 PMCID: PMC10046203 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia represent the immune system of the brain. Their role is central in two phenomena, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are at the roots of different pathologies related to the central nervous system (CNS). In order to maintain the homeostasis of the brain and re-establish the equilibrium after a threatening imbalance, microglia communicate with each other and other cells within the CNS by receiving specific signals through membrane-bound receptors and then releasing neurotrophic factors into either the extracellular milieu or directly into the cytoplasm of nearby cells, such as astrocytes and neurons. These last two mechanisms rely on the activity of protein structures that enable the formation of channels in the membrane, namely, connexins and pannexins, that group and form gap junctions, hemichannels, and pannexons. These channels allow the release of gliotransmitters, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate, together with calcium ion (Ca2+), that seem to play a pivotal role in inter-cellular communication. The aim of the present review is focused on the physiology of channel protein complexes and their contribution to neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress-related phenomena, which play a central role in neurodegenerative disorders. We will then discuss how pharmacological modulation of these channels can impact neuroinflammatory phenomena and hypothesize that currently available nutraceuticals, such as carnosine and N-acetylcysteine, can modulate the activity of connexins and pannexins in microglial cells and reduce oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0957385036
| | - Lucia Di Pietro
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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9
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Flores-Muñoz C, García-Rojas F, Pérez MA, Santander O, Mery E, Ordenes S, Illanes-González J, López-Espíndola D, González-Jamett AM, Fuenzalida M, Martínez AD, Ardiles ÁO. The Long-Term Pannexin 1 Ablation Produces Structural and Functional Modifications in Hippocampal Neurons. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223646. [PMID: 36429074 PMCID: PMC9688914 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced activity and overexpression of Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels contribute to neuronal pathologies such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Panx1 channel ablation alters the hippocampus's glutamatergic neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and memory flexibility. Nevertheless, Panx1-knockout (Panx1-KO) mice still retain the ability to learn, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms stabilize their neuronal activity. Here, we show that the absence of Panx1 in the adult brain promotes a series of structural and functional modifications in the Panx1-KO hippocampal synapses, preserving spontaneous activity. Compared to the wild-type (WT) condition, the adult hippocampal neurons of Panx1-KO mice exhibit enhanced excitability, a more complex dendritic branching, enhanced spine maturation, and an increased proportion of multiple synaptic contacts. These modifications seem to rely on the actin-cytoskeleton dynamics as an increase in the actin polymerization and an imbalance between the Rac1 and the RhoA GTPase activities were observed in Panx1-KO brain tissues. Our findings highlight a novel interaction between Panx1 channels, actin, and Rho GTPases, which appear to be relevant for synapse stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Flores-Muñoz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Francisca García-Rojas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología integrativa, CENFI, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Miguel A. Pérez
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología integrativa, CENFI, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile
| | - Odra Santander
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología integrativa, CENFI, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Elena Mery
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
| | - Stefany Ordenes
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Javiera Illanes-González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Daniela López-Espíndola
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2529002, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2529002, Chile
| | - Arlek M. González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología integrativa, CENFI, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.D.M.); (Á.O.A.)
| | - Agustín D. Martínez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.D.M.); (Á.O.A.)
| | - Álvaro O. Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2341386, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de estudios en salud, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.D.M.); (Á.O.A.)
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10
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Wang Q, Li HY, Ling ZM, Chen G, Wei ZY. Inhibition of Schwann cell pannexin 1 attenuates neuropathic pain through the suppression of inflammatory responses. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:244. [PMID: 36195881 PMCID: PMC9531429 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is still a challenge for clinical treatment as a result of the comprehensive pathogenesis. Although emerging evidence demonstrates the pivotal role of glial cells in regulating neuropathic pain, the role of Schwann cells and their underlying mechanisms still need to be uncovered. Pannexin 1 (Panx 1), an important membrane channel for the release of ATP and inflammatory cytokines, as well as its activation in central glial cells, contributes to pain development. Here, we hypothesized that Schwann cell Panx 1 participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and contributes to neuropathic pain. METHODS A mouse model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) in CD1 adult mice or P0-Cre transgenic mice, and in vitro cultured Schwann cells were used. Intrasciatic injection with Panx 1 blockers or the desired virus was used to knock down the expression of Panx 1. Mechanical and thermal sensitivity was assessed using Von Frey and a hot plate assay. The expression of Panx 1 was measured using qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The production of cytokines was monitored through qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Panx1 channel activity was detected by ethidium bromide (EB) uptake. RESULTS CCI induced persistent neuroinflammatory responses and upregulation of Panx 1 in Schwann cells. Intrasciatic injection of Panx 1 blockers, carbenoxolone (CBX), probenecid, and Panx 1 mimetic peptide (10Panx) effectively reduced mechanical and heat hyperalgesia. Probenecid treatment of CCI-induced mice significantly reduced Panx 1 expression in Schwann cells, but not in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). In addition, Panx 1 knockdown in Schwann cells with Panx 1 shRNA-AAV in P0-Cre mice significantly reduced CCI-induced neuropathic pain. To determine whether Schwann cell Panx 1 participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and contributes to neuropathic pain, we evaluated its effect in LPS-treated Schwann cells. We found that inhibition of Panx 1 via CBX and Panx 1-siRNA effectively attenuated the production of selective cytokines, as well as its mechanism of action being dependent on both Panx 1 channel activity and its expression. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that CCI-related neuroinflammation correlates with Panx 1 activation in Schwann cells, indicating that inhibition of Panx 1 channels in Schwann cells reduces neuropathic pain through the suppression of neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Han-Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhuo-Min Ling
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong-Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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11
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Mechanisms of Pannexin 1 (PANX1) Channel Mechanosensitivity and Its Pathological Roles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031523. [PMID: 35163442 PMCID: PMC8836264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins (PANX) were cloned based on their sequence homology to innexins (Inx), invertebrate gap junction proteins. Although there is no sequence homology between PANX and connexins (Cx), these proteins exhibit similar configurations. The PANX family has three members, PANX1, PANX2 and PANX3. Among them, PANX1 has been the most extensively studied. The PANX1 channels are activated by many factors, including high extracellular K+ ([K+]e), high intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), Src family kinase (SFK)-mediated phosphorylation, caspase cleavage and mechanical stimuli. However, the mechanisms mediating this mechanosensitivity of PANX1 remain unknown. Both force-from-lipids and force-from-filaments models are proposed to explain the gating mechanisms of PANX1 channel mechanosensitivity. Finally, both the physiological and pathological roles of mechanosensitive PANX1 are discussed.
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12
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Güiza J, García A, Arriagada J, Gutiérrez C, González J, Márquez-Miranda V, Alegría-Arcos M, Duarte Y, Rojas M, González-Nilo F, Sáez JC, Vega JL. Unnexins: Homologs of innexin proteins in Trypanosomatidae parasites. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1547-1560. [PMID: 34779505 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Large-pore channels, including those formed by connexin, pannexin, innexin proteins, are part of a broad family of plasma membrane channels found in vertebrates and invertebrates, which share topology features. Despite their relevance in parasitic diseases such as Chagas and malaria, it was unknown whether these large-pore channels are present in unicellular organisms. We identified 14 putative proteins in Trypanosomatidae parasites as presumptive homologs of innexin proteins. All proteins possess the canonical motif of the innexin family, a pentapeptide YYQWV, and 10 of them share a classical membrane topology of large-pore channels. A sequence similarity network analysis confirmed their closeness to innexin proteins. A bioinformatic model showed that a homolog of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) could presumptively form a stable octamer channel with a highly positive electrostatic potential in the internal cavities and extracellular entrance due to the notable predominance of residues such as Arg or Lys. In vitro dye uptake assays showed that divalent cations-free solution increases YO-PRO-1 uptake and hyperosmotic stress increases DAPI uptake in epimastigotes of T. cruzi. Those effects were sensitive to probenecid. Furthermore, probenecid reduced the proliferation and transformation of T. cruzi. Moreover, probenecid or carbenoxolone increased the parasite sensitivity to antiparasitic drugs commonly used in therapy against Chagas. Our study suggests the existence of innexin homologs in unicellular organisms, which could be protein subunits of new large-pore channels in unicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Güiza
- Laboratory of Gap Junction Proteins and Parasitic Diseases (GaPaL), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Aníbal García
- Laboratory of Gap Junction Proteins and Parasitic Diseases (GaPaL), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Javiera Arriagada
- Laboratory of Gap Junction Proteins and Parasitic Diseases (GaPaL), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Camila Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Gap Junction Proteins and Parasitic Diseases (GaPaL), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jorge González
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Biotecnología Biomédica de Antofagasta (CIIBBA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | | | - Yorley Duarte
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximiliano Rojas
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando González-Nilo
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Neurosciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Instituto de Neurosciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - José L Vega
- Laboratory of Gap Junction Proteins and Parasitic Diseases (GaPaL), Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Biotecnología Biomédica de Antofagasta (CIIBBA), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
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13
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Rawat A, Morrison BM. Metabolic Transporters in the Peripheral Nerve-What, Where, and Why? Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2185-2199. [PMID: 34773210 PMCID: PMC8804006 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is critical not only for cell survival, but also for cell fate, function, and intercellular communication. There are several different metabolic transporters expressed in the peripheral nervous system, and they each play important roles in maintaining cellular energy. The major source of energy in the peripheral nervous system is glucose, and glucose transporters 1 and 3 are expressed and allow blood glucose to be imported and utilized by peripheral nerves. There is also increasing evidence that other sources of energy, particularly monocarboxylates such as lactate that are transported primarily by monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 2 in peripheral nerves, can be efficiently utilized by peripheral nerves. Finally, emerging evidence supports an important role for connexins and possibly pannexins in the supply and regulation of metabolic energy. In this review, we will first define these critical metabolic transporter subtypes and then examine their localization in the peripheral nervous system. We will subsequently discuss the evidence, which comes both from experiments in animal models and observations from human diseases, supporting critical roles played by these metabolic transporters in the peripheral nervous system. Despite progress made in understanding the function of these transporters, many questions and some discrepancies remain, and these will also be addressed throughout this review. Peripheral nerve metabolism is fundamentally important and renewed interest in these pathways should help to answer many of these questions and potentially provide new treatments for neurologic diseases that are partly, or completely, caused by disruption of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Rawat
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brett M Morrison
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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14
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Mim C, Perkins G, Dahl G. Structure versus function: Are new conformations of pannexin 1 yet to be resolved? J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:211971. [PMID: 33835130 PMCID: PMC8042604 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) plays a decisive role in multiple physiological and pathological settings, including oxygen delivery to tissues, mucociliary clearance in airways, sepsis, neuropathic pain, and epilepsy. It is widely accepted that Panx1 exerts its role in the context of purinergic signaling by providing a transmembrane pathway for ATP. However, under certain conditions, Panx1 can also act as a highly selective membrane channel for chloride ions without ATP permeability. A recent flurry of publications has provided structural information about the Panx1 channel. However, while these structures are consistent with a chloride selective channel, none show a conformation with strong support for the ATP release function of Panx1. In this Viewpoint, we critically assess the existing evidence for the function and structure of the Panx1 channel and conclude that the structure corresponding to the ATP permeation pathway is yet to be determined. We also list a set of additional topics needing attention and propose ways to attain the large-pore, ATP-permeable conformation of the Panx1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Mim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gerhard Dahl
- Department of Physiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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15
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Purinergic signaling in nervous system health and disease: Focus on pannexin 1. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107840. [PMID: 33753132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling encompasses the cycle of adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) release and its metabolism into nucleotide and nucleoside derivatives, the direct release of nucleosides, and subsequent receptor-triggered downstream intracellular pathways. Since the discovery of nerve terminal and glial ATP release into the neuropil, purinergic signaling has been implicated in the modulation of nervous system development, function, and disease. In this review, we detail our current understanding of the roles of the pannexin 1 (PANX1) ATP-release channel in neuronal development and plasticity, glial signaling, and neuron-glial-immune interactions. We additionally provide an overview of PANX1 structure, activation, and permeability to orientate readers and highlight recent research developments. We identify areas of convergence between PANX1 and purinergic receptor actions. Additional highlights include data on PANX1's participation in the pathophysiology of nervous system developmental, degenerative, and inflammatory disorders. Our aim in combining this knowledge is to facilitate the movement of our current understanding of PANX1 in the context of other nervous system purinergic signaling mechanisms one step closer to clinical translation.
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