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Cao J, Yu X, Liu J, Fu J, Wang B, Wu C, Zhang S, Chen H, Wang Z, Xu Y, Sui T, Chang J, Cao X. Ruxolitinib improves the inflammatory microenvironment, restores glutamate homeostasis, and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2499-2512. [PMID: 38526286 PMCID: PMC11090442 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202419110-00030/figure1/v/2024-03-08T184507Z/r/image-tiff The inflammatory microenvironment and neurotoxicity can hinder neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Ruxolitinib, a JAK-STAT inhibitor, exhibits effectiveness in autoimmune diseases, arthritis, and managing inflammatory cytokine storms. Although studies have shown the neuroprotective potential of ruxolitinib in neurological trauma, the exact mechanism by which it enhances functional recovery after spinal cord injury, particularly its effect on astrocytes, remains unclear. To address this gap, we established a mouse model of T10 spinal cord contusion and found that ruxolitinib effectively improved hindlimb motor function and reduced the area of spinal cord injury. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that ruxolitinib alleviated inflammation and immune response after spinal cord injury, restored EAAT2 expression, reduced glutamate levels, and alleviated excitatory toxicity. Furthermore, ruxolitinib inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the injured spinal cord and decreased the phosphorylation level of nuclear factor kappa-B and the expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Additionally, in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity astrocytes, ruxolitinib restored EAAT2 expression and increased glutamate uptake by inhibiting the activation of STAT3, thereby reducing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, calcium influx, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis, and increasing the complexity of dendritic branching. Collectively, these results indicate that ruxolitinib restores glutamate homeostasis by rescuing the expression of EAAT2 in astrocytes, reduces neurotoxicity, and effectively alleviates inflammatory and immune responses after spinal cord injury, thereby promoting functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingcheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaju Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Binyu Wang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chaoqin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinyang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhou H, Lou Y, Chen L, Kang Y, Liu L, Cai Z, Anderson DB, Wang W, Zhang C, Wang J, Ning G, Gao Y, He B, Ding W, Wang Y, Mei W, Song Y, Zhou Y, Xia M, Wang H, Zhao J, Yin G, Zhang T, Jing F, Zhu R, Meng B, Duan L, Zhang Z, Wu D, Cai Z, Huang L, Yin Z, Li K, Lu S, Feng S. Epidemiological and clinical features, treatment status, and economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in China: a hospital-based retrospective study. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1126-1133. [PMID: 37862218 PMCID: PMC10749597 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury is potentially catastrophic and can lead to permanent disability or even death. China has the largest population of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. Previous studies of traumatic spinal cord injury in China have mostly been regional in scope; national-level studies have been rare. To the best of our knowledge, no national-level study of treatment status and economic burden has been performed. This retrospective study aimed to examine the epidemiological and clinical features, treatment status, and economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in China at the national level. We included 13,465 traumatic spinal cord injury patients who were injured between January 2013 and December 2018 and treated in 30 hospitals in 11 provinces/municipalities representing all geographical divisions of China. Patient epidemiological and clinical features, treatment status, and total and daily costs were recorded. Trends in the percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department and cost of care were assessed by annual percentage change using the Joinpoint Regression Program. The percentage of traumatic spinal cord injuries among all hospitalized patients and among patients hospitalized in the orthopedic department did not significantly change overall (annual percentage change, -0.5% and 2.1%, respectively). A total of 10,053 (74.7%) patients underwent surgery. Only 2.8% of patients who underwent surgery did so within 24 hours of injury. A total of 2005 (14.9%) patients were treated with high-dose (≥ 500 mg) methylprednisolone sodium succinate/methylprednisolone (MPSS/MP); 615 (4.6%) received it within 8 hours. The total cost for acute traumatic spinal cord injury decreased over the study period (-4.7%), while daily cost did not significantly change (1.0% increase). Our findings indicate that public health initiatives should aim at improving hospitals' ability to complete early surgery within 24 hours, which is associated with improved sensorimotor recovery, increasing the awareness rate of clinical guidelines related to high-dose MPSS/MP to reduce the use of the treatment with insufficient evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yongfu Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingxiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Back Pain Research Team, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - David B. Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Spine Institute, Burwood, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital & Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhengzhou Orthopedics Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yueming Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maosheng Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Jing
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rusen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhanhai Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kainan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Geriatric Diseases Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University Center for Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, China
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Tang J, Chen Q, Xiang L, Tu T, Zhang Y, Ou C. TRIM28 Fosters Microglia Ferroptosis via Autophagy Modulation to Enhance Neuropathic Pain and Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04133-4. [PMID: 38647647 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the molecular underpinnings of neuropathic pain (NPP) and neuroinflammation, focusing on the role of TRIM28 in the regulation of autophagy and microglia ferroptosis. Leveraging transcriptomic data associated with NPP, we identified TRIM28 as a critical regulator of ferroptosis. Through comprehensive analysis, including Gene Ontology enrichment and protein-protein interaction network assessments, we unveiled GSK3B as a downstream target of TRIM28. Experimental validation confirmed the capacity of TRIM28 to suppress GSK3B expression and attenuate autophagic processes in microglia. We probed the consequences of autophagy and ferroptosis on microglia physiology, iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. In a murine model, we validated the pivotal role of TRIM28 in NPP and neuroinflammation. Our analysis identified 20 ferroptosis regulatory factors associated with NPP, with TRIM28 emerging as a central orchestrator. Experimental evidence affirmed that TRIM28 governs microglial iron homeostasis and cell fate by downregulating GSK3B expression and modulating autophagy. Notably, autophagy was found to influence oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine release through the iron metabolism pathway, ultimately fueling neuroinflammation. In vivo experiments provided conclusive evidence of TRIM28-mediated pathways contributing to heightened pain sensitivity in neuroinflammatory states. The effect of TRIM28 on autophagy and microglia ferroptosis drives NPP and neuroinflammation. These findings offer promising avenues for identifying novel therapeutic targets to manage NPP and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ting Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Cehua Ou
- Department of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Lin J, Sun Y, Xia B, Wang Y, Xie C, Wang J, Hu J, Zhu L. Mertk Reduces Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Permeability Through the Rhoa/Rock1/P-MLC Pathway After Spinal Cord Injury. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01199-x. [PMID: 38592581 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is a critical event in the secondary injury following spinal cord injury (SCI). Mertk has been reported to play an important role in regulating inflammation and cytoskeletal dynamics. However, the specific involvement of Mertk in BSCB remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated a distinct role of Mertk in the repair of BSCB. Mertk expression is decreased in endothelial cells following SCI. Overexpression of Mertk upregulated tight junction proteins (TJs), reducing BSCB permeability and subsequently inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Ultimately, this led to enhanced neural regeneration and functional recovery. Further experiments revealed that the RhoA/Rock1/P-MLC pathway plays a key role in the effects of Mertk. These findings highlight the role of Mertk in promoting SCI recovery through its ability to mitigate BSCB permeability and may provide potential targets for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhao Lin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yuanfang Sun
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, 610299, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Changnan Xie
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jinwei Hu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Zhu Y, Li X, Wen D, Huang Z, Yan J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Guo Z. Remote Ischemic Post-conditioning Reduces Cognitive Impairment in Rats Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Possible Involvement in STAT3/STAT5 Phosphorylation and Th17/Treg Cell Homeostasis. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01235-y. [PMID: 38356020 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The inflammatory response following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may lead to Early Brain Injury and subsequently contribute to poor prognosis such as cognitive impairment in patients. Currently, there is a lack of effective strategies for SAH to ameliorate inflammation and improve cognitive impairment in clinical. This study aims to examine the inhibitory impact of remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIPostC) on the body's inflammatory response by regulating Th17/Treg cell homeostasis after SAH. The ultimate goal is to search for potential early treatment targets for SAH. The rat SAH models were made by intravascular puncture of the internal carotid artery. The intervention of RIPostC was administered for three consecutive days immediately after successful modeling. Behavioral experiments including the Morris water maze and Y-maze tests were conducted to assess cognitive functions such as spatial memory, working memory, and learning abilities 2 weeks after successful modeling. The ratio of Th17 cells and Treg cells in the blood was detected using flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the infiltration of neutrophils into the brain. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation levels, receptor-related orphan receptor gamma-t (RORγt), and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) levels were detected by Western blot. The levels of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-2, IL-10, IL-5, etc.) and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-14, etc.) in blood were detected using Luminex Liquid Suspension Chip Assay. RIPostC significantly improved the cognitive impairment caused by SAH in rats. The results showed that infiltration of Th17 cells and neutrophils into brain tissue increased after SAH, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, and TNF-α). This response can be inhibited by RIPostC. Additionally, RIPostC facilitates the transfer of Treg from blood to the brain and triggers the release of anti-inflammatory (IL-2, IL-10, and IL-5) factors to suppress the inflammation following SAH. Finally, it was found that RIPostC increased the phosphorylation of STAT5 while decreasing the phosphorylation of STAT3. RIPostC reduces inflammation after SAH by partially balancing Th17/Treg cell homeostasis, which may be related to downregulation of STAT3 and upregulation of STAT5 phosphorylation, which ultimately alleviates cognitive impairment in rats. Targeting Th17/Treg cell homeostasis may be a promising strategy for early SAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoguo Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - DaoChen Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zichao Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhaosi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingwen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Lin J, Lin Y, Zhu S, Luo J, Zhou C. Transplantation of Wnt3a-modified neural stem cells promotes neural regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury via Wnt-Gli2 pathway. Neuroreport 2024; 35:27-36. [PMID: 37983663 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSCs) transplantation has great potential in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). Previous studies have indicated that the Wnt pathway could regulate the expression of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family factor Hes5 and Mash1 in NSCs, but not through the notch intracellular domain. This suggests that there are other signals involved in this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Wnt-Gli2 pathway in the treatment of SCI by transplanting neural stem cells. NSCs were isolated from the striata of embryonic day 14 mice. Activation of the Wnt pathway was achieved using Wnt3a protein, while Gli2 was inhibited using Gli2-siRNA. Expression levels of Gli2 and bHLH factors were assessed using western blotting. NSCs proliferation was evaluated using CCK-8 assay, and neural differentiation was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Finally, the modified NSCs were transplanted into mice with SCI, and their effects were assessed using behavioral and histological tests. Our results demonstrated that Wnt3a promoted the expression of Mash1 through Gli2. Moreover, the expression of Ngn1 and Hes1 was up-regulated, while Hes5 was down-regulated. Wnt3a also promoted NSCs proliferation and neural differentiation through this signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed that NSCs transplantation mediated by Wnt3a-Gli2 signaling increased the number of neurons and resulted in improved Basso Mouse Scale scores. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Gli2 plays a role in mediating the regulation of Wnt3a signaling on promoting NSCs proliferation and neural differentiation. This pathway is therefore important in NSCs-mediated SCI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhao Lin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Yucong Lin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Shuangfang Zhu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhou Luo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Chusong Zhou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
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Tanaka A, Hayano S, Nagata M, Kosami T, Wang Z, Kamioka H. Ruxolitinib altered IFN-β induced necroptosis of human dental pulp stem cells during osteoblast differentiation. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105797. [PMID: 37633030 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the role of ruxolitinib in the interferon beta (IFN-β) mediated osteoblast differentiation using human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). DESIGN hDPSCs from five deciduous teeth of healthy patients were stimulated by adding human recombinant IFN-β protein (1 or 2 ng/ml) to the osteogenic differentiation induction medium. Substrate formation was determined using Alizarin Red staining, calcium concentration, and osteoblast marker expression levels. Ruxolitinib was used to inhibit the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and necroptosis was detected using propidium iodide staining and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (pMLKL) expression. RESULTS In the IFN-β-treated group, substrate formation was inhibited by a reduction in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Although the proliferation potency was unchanged between the IFN-β-treated and control groups, the cell number was significantly reduced in the experimental group. TUNEL-positive cell number was not significantly different; however, the protein level of necroptosis markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and pMLKL were significantly increased in the substrate formation. Cell number and ALP expression level were improved in the group administered ruxolitinib, a JAK-STAT inhibitor. Additionally, ruxolitinib significantly suppressed IL-6 and pMLKL levels. CONCLUSION Ruxolitinib interfered with the IFN-β-mediated necroptosis and osteogenic differentiation via the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Hayano
- Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Masayo Nagata
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kosami
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Richardson PJ, Smith DP, de Giorgio A, Snetkov X, Almond-Thynne J, Cronin S, Mead RJ, McDermott CJ, Shaw PJ. Janus kinase inhibitors are potential therapeutics for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:47. [PMID: 37828541 PMCID: PMC10568794 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a poorly treated multifactorial neurodegenerative disease associated with multiple cell types and subcellular organelles. As with other multifactorial diseases, it is likely that drugs will need to target multiple disease processes and cell types to be effective. We review here the role of Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling in ALS, confirm the association of this signalling with fundamental ALS disease processes using the BenevolentAI Knowledge Graph, and demonstrate that inhibitors of this pathway could reduce the ALS pathophysiology in neurons, glia, muscle fibres, and blood cells. Specifically, we suggest that inhibition of the JAK enzymes by approved inhibitors known as Jakinibs could reduce STAT3 activation and modify the progress of this disease. Analysis of the Jakinibs highlights baricitinib as a suitable candidate due to its ability to penetrate the central nervous system and exert beneficial effects on the immune system. Therefore, we recommend that this drug be tested in appropriately designed clinical trials for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Cronin
- BenevolentAI, 15 MetroTech Centre, 8th FL, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Richard J Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher J McDermott
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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9
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Yang D, Wang H, Xue Y, Bai S, Zhou Y, Duan Y, Zhao Y, Sha K, Yu C, Wang H, Peng Y, Wang Y, Qie S. Effects of Rehabilitation Therapy at Different Intervention Times on Daily Living Activity and Motor Function in Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Am J Health Behav 2023; 47:471-478. [PMID: 37596748 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.47.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: We investigated the impact of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) on daily living activities and motor function of TSCI patients. Methods: A total of 88 TSCI patients were randomly divided into Group A (N=44) and Group B (N=44). Group A received rehabilitation treatment 7 days after the stabilization of vital signs, and Group B received rehabilitation treatment 30 days after hospitalization. Results: The compliance rate of Group A (93.18%) was higher than that of Group B (72.73%) (χ 2 =6.510, p<.05); The scores of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in Group A were higher than those in Group B. The self-rating score of anxiety and depression was lower than that of Group B (p<.05). Conclusion: For the rehabilitation treatment of TSCI patients, it is better to choose the intervention after the vital signs are stable to improve patients' ability for daily living activities and motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Yang
- Department of Urology and Metabolic Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanming Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yafeng Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation Treatment Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Treatment Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Treatment Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxin Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation Treatment Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Urology and Metabolic Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kefu Sha
- Department of Urology and Metabolic Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhu Yu
- Department of Urology and Metabolic Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Treatment Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Peng
- Department of Urology and Metabolic Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Urology and Metabolic Rehabilitation Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Qie
- Department of Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Lim YJ, Jung GN, Park WT, Seo MS, Lee GW. Therapeutic potential of small extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells for spinal cord and nerve injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1151357. [PMID: 37035240 PMCID: PMC10073723 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1151357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural diseases such as compressive, congenital, and traumatic injuries have diverse consequences, from benign mild sequelae to severe life-threatening conditions with associated losses of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Several approaches have been adopted to control neuroinflammatory cascades. Traditionally, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been regarded as therapeutic agents, as they possess growth factors and cytokines with potential anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. However, several animal model studies have reported conflicting outcomes, and therefore, the role of MSCs as a regenerative source for the treatment of neural pathologies remains debatable. In addition, issues such as heterogeneity and ethical issues limited their use as therapeutic agents. To overcome the obstacles associated with the use of traditional agents, we explored the therapeutic potentials of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain nucleic acids, functional proteins, and bioactive lipids, and play crucial roles in immune response regulation, inflammation reduction, and cell-to-cell communication. EVs may surpass MSCs in size issue, immunogenicity, and response to the host environment. However, a comprehensive review is required on the therapeutic potential of EVs for the treatment of neural pathologies. In this review, we discuss the action mechanism of EVs, their potential for treating neural pathologies, and future perspectives regarding their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ju Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Na Jung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Tae Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Seo
- Department of Veterinary Tissue Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Gun Woo Lee,
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11
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Li M, Hasiqiqige, Huan Y, Wang X, Tao M, Jiang T, Xie H, Jisiguleng W, Xing W, Zhu Z, Wang A, He Y. Calycosin ameliorates spinal cord injury by targeting Hsp90 to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis of nerve cells. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 127:102190. [PMID: 36402284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zhenbao pill is effective in protecting against spinal cord injury (SCI). We attempt to explore the characteristics of calycosin (a main monomer of Zhenbao pill) in SCI and its relative mechanism. METHODS The target of calycosin was screened using pharmacological network analysis. The SCI cell model was constructed using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the animal model was developed by compressing spinal cord with a vascular clamp. Flow cytometry was conducted to test reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cell apoptosis. Detection of malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were performed using relative kits. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) was examined using western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. Motor function tests were carried out. The hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining were conducted. RESULTS In SCI models, ROS, MDA, and cell apoptosis were elevated, SOD and HSP90 levels were restrained, while calycosin addition reversed the above results. Besides, calycosin application or HSP90 overexpression enhanced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) but weakened that of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and p38, while HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG treatment restrained the above results. Meanwhile, the injection of calycosin improved the motor function in SCI model rats. Furthermore, the pathologic results also clarified the positive effect of calycosin on SCI. CONCLUSION HSP90 was lowly expressed in SCI models. Calycosin alleviated SCI by promoting HSP90 up-regulation and inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis of nerve cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311 Hainan Province, China
| | - Hasiqiqige
- Inner Mongolia innovative Engineering Research Center, Hohhot, 010060 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanqiang Huan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mingkai Tao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tianqi Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongbin Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wu Jisiguleng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhibo Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Aitao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017 Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Yongxiong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216 Hainan Province, China.
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12
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FDA-Approved Kinase Inhibitors in Preclinical and Clinical Trials for Neurological Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121546. [PMID: 36558997 PMCID: PMC9784968 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers and neurological disorders are two major types of diseases. We previously developed a new concept termed "Aberrant Cell Cycle Diseases" (ACCD), revealing that these two diseases share a common mechanism of aberrant cell cycle re-entry. The aberrant cell cycle re-entry is manifested as kinase/oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation, which are hallmarks of both tumor growth in cancers and neuronal death in neurological disorders. Therefore, some cancer therapies (e.g., kinase inhibition, tumor suppressor elevation) can be leveraged for neurological treatments. The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has so far approved 74 kinase inhibitors, with numerous other kinase inhibitors in clinical trials, mostly for the treatment of cancers. In contrast, there are dire unmet needs of FDA-approved drugs for neurological treatments, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), ischemic stroke (IS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and others. In this review, we list these 74 FDA-approved kinase-targeted drugs and identify those that have been reported in preclinical and/or clinical trials for neurological disorders, with a purpose of discussing the feasibility and applicability of leveraging these cancer drugs (FDA-approved kinase inhibitors) for neurological treatments.
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13
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Hu X, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Yao X, Ni W, Zhou K. Emerging role of STING signalling in CNS injury: inflammation, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:242. [PMID: 36195926 PMCID: PMC9531511 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferons genes (STING), which is crucial for the secretion of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines in response to cytosolic nucleic acids, plays a key role in the innate immune system. Studies have revealed the participation of the STING pathway in unregulated inflammatory processes, traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). STING signalling is markedly increased in CNS injury, and STING agonists might facilitate the pathogenesis of CNS injury. However, the effects of STING-regulated signalling activation in CNS injury are not well understood. Aberrant activation of STING increases inflammatory events, type I interferon responses, and cell death. cGAS is the primary pathway that induces STING activation. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the latest findings related to STING signalling and the cGAS–STING pathway and highlight the control mechanisms and their functions in CNS injury. Furthermore, we summarize and explore the most recent advances toward obtaining an understanding of the involvement of STING signalling in programmed cell death (autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis) during CNS injury. We also review potential therapeutic agents that are capable of regulating the cGAS–STING signalling pathway, which facilitates our understanding of cGAS–STING signalling functions in CNS injury and the potential value of this signalling pathway as a treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Yuhuan People's Hospital, Yuhuan, 317600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Xia M, Zhang Y, Wu H, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Li G, Zhao T, Liu X, Zheng S, Qian Z, Li H. Forsythoside B attenuates neuro-inflammation and neuronal apoptosis by inhibition of NF-κB and p38-MAPK signaling pathways through activating Nrf2 post spinal cord injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109120. [PMID: 35944463 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a ruinous neurological pathology that results in locomotor and sensory impairment. Neuro-inflammation and secondary neuronal apoptosis contribute to SCI, with anti-inflammatory therapies the focus of many SCI studies. Forsythoside B (FTS•B), a phenylethanoid glycoside extracted from the leaves of Lamiophlomis rotata Kudo, has been shown previously to have anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effect of FTS•B on neuro-inflammation after SCI is unknown. METHODS Neuro-inflammation was assessed by western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) both in vitro and in vivo. Secondary neuronal apoptosis was simulated in a microglia-neuron co-culture model with the degree of apoptosis measured by WB, IF, and TUNEL staining. In vivo, FTS•B (10 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected into SCI mice. Morphological changes following SCI were evaluated by Nissl, Hematoxylin-eosin, and Luxol Fast Blue staining. Basso Mouse Scale scores were used to evaluate locomotor function recovery. RESULTS FTS•B markedly decreased the levels of iNOS, COX-2 and signature mediators of inflammation. Phosphorylated p38 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were markedly decreased by FTS•B. Additionally, FTS•B-induced inhibition of NF-κB and p38-MAPK signaling pathways was reversed by Nrf2 downregulation. Administration of FTS•B also significantly reduced apoptosis-related protein levels indicating that FTS•B ameliorated secondary neuronal apoptosis. FTS•B administration inhibited glial scar formation, decreased neuronal death, tissue deficiency, alleviated demyelination, and promoted locomotor recovery. CONCLUSION FTS•B effectively attenuates neuro-inflammation and secondary neuronal apoptosis by inhibition of NF-κB and p38-MAPK signaling pathways through activating Nrf2 after SCI. This study demonstrates FTS•B to be a potential therapeutic for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Honghui Wu
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qinyang Zhang
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiangxian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangshen Li
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuepeng Liu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shengnai Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhanyang Qian
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China; Taizhou Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China.
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15
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Hu X, Huang J, Li Y, Dong L, Chen Y, Ouyang F, Li J, Li Z, Jing J, Cheng L. TAZ Induces Migration of Microglia and Promotes Neurological Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:938416. [PMID: 35833021 PMCID: PMC9271831 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.938416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury (SCI), microglia gradually migrate to the edge of the lesion, interweaving around the border of the lesion to form the microglial scar, which performs inflammatory limiting and neuroprotective functions. Recent reports showed that Yes-associated protein (YAP) was expressed in astrocytes and promoted the formation of astrocytic scars, while YAP was not expressed in microglia after SCI. YAP and its paralogue transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators, which have a similar functional role as both are negatively regulated by the Hippo signalling pathway. However, the expression and function of TAZ after SCI are unclear. Our research group previously found that Fascin-1 was highly expressed in microglia and promoted migration of microglia after SCI, and that, there was a close regulatory relationship between Fascin-1 and YAP/TAZ. In this study, we demonstrated that TAZ was significantly upregulated and mainly expressed in microglia after SCI, and accumulated in the nuclei of microglia in the spinal cord at 14 days post-SCI. Moreover, TAZ was upregulated and accumulated in the nuclei of anti-inflammatory M2-like (M2-L) polarized or myelin-treated microglia. Additionally, XMU-MP-1 (an inhibitor of the Hippo kinase MST1/2 to active TAZ) promoted the aggregation of microglia around the lesion core, resulting in the formation of microglial scars and the functional recovery of mice after SCI. Our findings also indicated that TAZ promoted microglial migration in vitro. Mechanistically, Fascin-1 interacted with TAZ, which upregulated TAZ expression and induced TAZ nuclear accumulation in microglia to promote microglial migration. These findings revealed that TAZ mediated microglial migration to the edge of the lesion core, promoting the formation of microglial scars and functional recovery after SCI. Moreover, TAZ was downstream of Fascin-1, which positively regulated microglial migration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziyu Li
- *Correspondence: Li Cheng, ; Juehua Jing, ; Ziyu Li,
| | - Juehua Jing
- *Correspondence: Li Cheng, ; Juehua Jing, ; Ziyu Li,
| | - Li Cheng
- *Correspondence: Li Cheng, ; Juehua Jing, ; Ziyu Li,
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