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Broni F, Larbi JO, Afari EA, Nyarko KM, Ameme DK, Kenu E. Evaluation of viral haemorrhagic fever surveillance system with focus on Ebola virus disease, Bawku municipality- Upper East Region, Ghana, 2011-2015. Ghana Med J 2021; 54:18-25. [PMID: 33536664 PMCID: PMC7837345 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v54i2s.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated the Viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) surveillance system from 2011 to 2015 in the Bawku Municipality, Upper East region, Ghana to determine whether the goals of the surveillance system are being met and to assess the performance of the system attributes. Design Descriptive secondary data analysis. Setting Bawku Municipality Data Source Review VHF surveillance records, interviewed community-based surveillance volunteers (CBSVs) and reviewed vital events registers. We also assessed the system attributes by reviewing records and interviewing key stakeholders involved in VHF surveillance system with focus on Ebola using checklist and semi structured questionnaire developed based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. Main outcome measure System attributes of the VHF surveillance system Results Population under surveillance was 105,849. The system required detail information about suspected cases. However, it had a simple and clear standard case definitions, and was well integrated with the IDSR. There is a regular and timely flow of information. The system captured 155 suspected cases nationwide from 2011 to 2015 and all tested negative. Of these, Upper East Region reported 10 suspected cases including 4 suspected cases from Bawku Municipality. Conclusion The VHF surveillance system achieved its objectives. However, poor data quality, inadequately trained surveillance officers, and inadequate financial support are threats to the effectiveness of the system. Funding This work was supported by Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (GFELTP), University of Ghana
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Broni
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra
| | - Joseph O Larbi
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra
| | - Edwin A Afari
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra
| | - Kofi M Nyarko
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra
| | - Donne K Ameme
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra
| | - Ernest Kenu
- Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra
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Junaid A, Tang H, van Reeuwijk A, Abouleila Y, Wuelfroth P, van Duinen V, Stam W, van Zonneveld AJ, Hankemeier T, Mashaghi A. Ebola Hemorrhagic Shock Syndrome-on-a-Chip. iScience 2019; 23:100765. [PMID: 31887664 PMCID: PMC6941864 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus, for which we lack effective countermeasures, causes hemorrhagic fever in humans, with significant case fatality rates. Lack of experimental human models for Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a major obstacle that hinders the development of treatment strategies. Here, we model the Ebola hemorrhagic syndrome in a microvessel-on-a-chip system and demonstrate its applicability to drug studies. Luminal infusion of Ebola virus-like particles leads to albumin leakage from the engineered vessels. The process is mediated by the Rho/ROCK pathway and is associated with cytoskeleton remodeling. Infusion of Ebola glycoprotein (GP1,2) generates a similar phenotype, indicating the key role of GP1,2 in this process. Finally, we measured the potency of a recently developed experimental drug FX06 and a novel drug candidate, melatonin, in phenotypic rescue. Our study confirms the effects of FX06 and identifies melatonin as an effective, safe, inexpensive therapeutic option that is worth investigating in animal models and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidemi Junaid
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Huaqi Tang
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Anne van Reeuwijk
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Yasmine Abouleila
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent van Duinen
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Wendy Stam
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CC, Netherlands.
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Hasan S, Ahmad SA, Masood R, Saeed S. Ebola virus: A global public health menace: A narrative review. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2189-2201. [PMID: 31463229 PMCID: PMC6691429 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_297_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD), a fatal viral hemorrhagic illness, is due to infection with the Ebola virus of the Filoviridae family. The disease has evolved as a global public health menace due to a large immigrant population. Initially, the patients present with nonspecific influenza-like symptoms and eventually terminate into shock and multiorgan failure. There exists no specific treatment protocol for EVD and only supportive and symptomatic therapy is the line of treatment. This review article provides a detailed overview of the Ebola virus; it's clinical and oral manifestations, diagnostic aids, differential diagnosis, preventive aspects, and management protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamimul Hasan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Ansar Ahmad
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahnuma Masood
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shazina Saeed
- Department of Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Alhaji NB, Yatswako S, Oddoh EY. Knowledge, risk perception and mitigation measures towards Ebola virus disease by potentially exposed bushmeat handlers in north-central Nigeria: Any critical gap? Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:158-167. [PMID: 28771956 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The bushmeat industry has been a topic of increasing importance among public health officials for its influence on zoonotic diseases transmission, such as Ebola virus disease (EVD), a rare and severe infectious disease of humans and non-human primates. This survey assessed knowledge/awareness, risk perceptions and mitigation practices towards EVD among bushmeat handlers in north-central Nigeria. These characteristics are premise to level of preparedness against appropriate risk prevention and control. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December 2015 on 395 bushmeat handlers. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were performed using Epi-Info 3.5.3 software, and p < 0.05 was considered statistical significance in all analyses. Mean age of respondents was 40.9 ± 10.7 years, and most (30.4%) of them were in the age group 40-49 years. Majority (82.8%) of them were males, while most (47.9%) do not possess formal education. Bushmeat hunters, vendors and consumers constituted 17.2%, 28.1% and 54.7% of the respondents, respectively. A majority (85.6%) of the participants had heard about EVD. Bushmeat vendors were more likely (OR 1.96; 95% CI: 1.05-3.65) to have satisfactory knowledge than the hunters. Handlers with tertiary education were more likely (OR 3.22; 95% CI: 1.56-6.67) to possess significant satisfactory knowledge/awareness about EVD. Also, vendors were more likely (OR 1.85; 95% CI: 1.01-3.42) to practice satisfactory mitigation measures than the hunters. Only handlers with tertiary education were more likely (OR 2.48; 95% CI: 1.26-4.89) to significantly practice satisfactory mitigation measures against EVD. Although most of the handlers possessed significant knowledge/awareness about EVD, few applied mitigation measures against its infection, which is the challenging gap. There is a need for collaborations between the public health, veterinary and wildlife authorities in the provision of health information to bushmeat handlers on better management of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases of wildlife origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Alhaji
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Zoonoses and Epidemiology Unit, Niger State Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development Minna, Minna, Nigeria
| | - S Yatswako
- Zoonoses and Epidemiology Unit, Niger State Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development Minna, Minna, Nigeria
| | - E Y Oddoh
- Zoonoses and Epidemiology Unit, Niger State Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development Minna, Minna, Nigeria
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The Understanding of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Among Medical Practitioners of Karachi, Pakistan. Trop Med Infect Dis 2017; 2:tropicalmed2020016. [PMID: 30270875 PMCID: PMC6082072 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed2020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has acknowledged the large West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak to be a community health disaster of global concern, and the spread of disease demands a synchronized response. Medical practitioners have an increased risk of contracting the disease as compared to others as they are directly exposed to patients’ blood or fluids. This study evaluated the knowledge of medical practitioners in Karachi regarding EVD. It was descriptive and exploratory in nature and took place over a period of 4 months, i.e., August 2016 to November 2016. The respondents were randomly selected by convenience sampling and surveyed with a 20-item questionnaire. Overall, 403 questionnaires were included in the study and a response rate of 80.6% was achieved. The majority (56.3%) considered themselves to be somewhat knowledgeable; females had more knowledge as compared to male (p < 0.003). More than 80% knew about the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Interestingly, the findings revealed that respondents’ knowledge about diagnosis and identification of EVD is good. Respondents considered EVD a severe disease and emphasized on the need for protective measures when contacting affected patients. Interventions should be tailored to focus on areas where respondents showed a lack of knowledge about the disease.
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Wiwaiiitkit V. Ebola virus disease 2014: Induction of abnormal cardiac rhythm? Anatol J Cardiol 2016; 15. [PMID: 26301357 PMCID: PMC5336882 DOI: 10.5152/anatoljcardiol.2015.64b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viroj Wiwaiiitkit
- Surin Rajabhat University; Bangkok-Thailand,Address for Correspondence: Dr. Viroj Wiwanitkit Wiwanitkit House, Bangkhae, 10160, Bangkok-Thailand Phone:+6624132436 Fax: +6624132436 E-mail:
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Neonatal Ebola infection: An Interesting Issue in Pediatric Infectious Disease. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.36211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wiwanitkit V. Acute renal failure in Ebola viral disease: does new immunomodulation concept by statin acceptable for management? Ren Fail 2016; 38:588. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1149683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Surin Rajabhat University, Surin, Thailand Wiwanitkit House, Bangkhae, Bangkok 10160, Thailand
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Di Caro A, Puro V, Fusco FM, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G. Hospital preparedness for knowledge-based response to Ebola and other emerging infectious diseases: A continuous challenge. Eur J Intern Med 2015; 26:454-5. [PMID: 25933702 PMCID: PMC7135794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Caro
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Puro
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco M Fusco
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
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Wiwanitkit V. Preparedness for the management of a patient with Ebola. Eur J Intern Med 2015; 26:453. [PMID: 25899681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Serbia; Hainan Medical University, China; Joseph Ayobabalola University, Nigeria; Dr DY Patil Medical University, India; Surin Rajabhat University, Thailand.
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Wiwanitkit S, Wiwanitkit V. Simulation as a tool for managing Ebola infection. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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